Akdeniz’in incisi, Toroslar’\u0131n ete\u011finden mavi sulara uzanan bereketli bir \u015fehir: \u0130skenderun. Bug\u00fcn Hatay’\u0131n en \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden biri olan bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u015fehir, tarihi boyunca medeniyetlerin bulu\u015fma noktalar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015f; hem tarih hem k\u00fclt\u00fcr hem de tabiat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan e\u015fsiz bir miras ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihi katmanlar\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’den Osmanl\u0131’ya, Roma’dan Abbasilere kadar pek \u00e7ok uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan \u0130skenderun, bug\u00fcn de Akdeniz\u2019in en g\u00fczel \u015fehirlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Antik D\u00f6nemlerden Bug\u00fcne \u0130skenderun<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderun’un tarihi, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender (Alexander the Great) zaman\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r. Milattan \u00f6nce 333 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ssos Sava\u015f\u0131’\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan Akdeniz’e a\u00e7\u0131lan stratejik bir kap\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fehir kurulmu\u015f ve \u201cAlexandretta\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Hammond, 1980). B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u015fehir, s\u0131ras\u0131yla Seleukoslar, Romal\u0131lar ve Bizansl\u0131lar gibi farkl\u0131 imparatorluklar\u0131n hakimiyetine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Roma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir liman kenti olan \u0130skenderun, Roma yollar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131, ticaretin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin canl\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, \u015fehrin refah\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizans d\u00f6neminde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan biri olmu\u015f, civardaki kiliseler ve dini yap\u0131lar bu devre tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir (Foss, 1977).<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130skenderun<\/p>\n
7.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen fetihlerle \u0130skenderun, \u0130slam topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u015fehir, Emevi ve Abbasi d\u00f6nemlerinde \u00f6nemli bir askeri ve ticari merkez olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f, Akdeniz ticaretinde \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u015eehir, zamanla hem \u0130slam mimarisi hem de bilimsel geli\u015fmelere a\u00e7\u0131k bir merkez olmu\u015f, liman\u0131 ve kalesiyle Akdeniz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda s\u00f6z sahibi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Meml\u00fckler ve daha sonra Osmanl\u0131lar alt\u0131nda \u0130skenderun do\u011fudan gelen kervan yollar\u0131n\u0131n Akdeniz’e a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ana terminal haline gelmi\u015ftir. Liman\u0131n \u00f6nemi Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde daha da artm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle 16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, Hint Okyanusu ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir durak haline gelmi\u015ftir (Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi, Maliyeden M\u00fcdevver Defterler, nr. 278).<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Da\u011f ve Deniz Aras\u0131ndaki Cennet<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderun’un co\u011frafyas\u0131 adeta bir ressam\u0131n f\u0131r\u00e7as\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f gibidir. Bir yanda Amanos Da\u011flar\u0131’\u0131n yemye\u015fil ve k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 silsileleri, di\u011fer yanda Akdeniz’in sonsuz mavi ufku… \u015eehir, da\u011f ile denizin kucakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu benzersiz co\u011frafyada, her sabah \u015fafak vakti serin esintilerle uyan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Amanoslar\u0131n yama\u00e7lar\u0131 ilkbaharda rengarenk \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle s\u00fcslenirken, denizin sakin mavili\u011fi, \u0130skenderun’a e\u015fsiz bir huzur atmosferi sa\u011flar. Yaz aylar\u0131nda deniz kenar\u0131ndaki sahil parklar\u0131nda palmiye a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yapmak, \u015fehrin kendine has ritmini hissetmenin en g\u00fczel yollar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderun’da K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin Bulu\u015fmas\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderun, tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 dinlerin, dillerin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mozaik olmu\u015ftur. Bu zengin mozai\u011fin yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak \u015fehirde camilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kiliseler ve havralar da bulunur.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan ve halen ayakta olan Kaptanpa\u015fa Camii ilk olarak 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ncelikli Osmanl\u0131 mimarisiyle, sade ve zarif \u00e7izgileriyle \u015fehre derin bir tarihi doku kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Hamidiye Camii, Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid’in \u00f6zel ilgisiyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u0130skenderun’un hem manevi hayat\u0131na hem de sosyal yap\u0131s\u0131na y\u00f6n vermi\u015ftir (Hala\u00e7o\u011flu, 1996).<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderun’un farkl\u0131 topluluklara ev sahipli\u011fi yapmas\u0131, \u015fehirde sanat\u0131n, ticaretin ve toplumsal hayat\u0131n her zaman canl\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn hala Ramazan ay\u0131nda kurulan iftar sofralar\u0131nda, Noel kutlamalar\u0131nda veya dini bayramlarda bu \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zlemlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130skenderun’u<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130skenderun, sanayi ve ticaret alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fimiyle dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle demir-\u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, liman hizmetleri ve lojistik altyap\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin \u00f6nemli oyuncular\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. Ancak t\u00fcm bu modern geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen, \u015fehrin do\u011fal ve tarihi g\u00fczellikleri korunmu\u015f, \u00e7ok tahribatlar olsa da sahil mesela boyunca uzanan palmiye a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ak\u015fam saatlerinde sahilde yap\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler, g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131nda denizin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen turuncu ve mor tonlar\u0131yla bir tablonun i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fcyormu\u015f hissi verir. \u0130skenderun, hem ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de gelece\u011fe dair umutlar\u0131 bir arada ya\u015fatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderun, tarihiyle, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle, tabiat\u0131yla ve bug\u00fcn de ya\u015fayan ruhuyla sadece Hatay’\u0131n de\u011fil, Anadolu’nun da \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc, \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 zenginli\u011fini temsil etmektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in izinden bug\u00fcne kadar gelen bu kadim \u015fehir, Akdeniz’in serin sular\u0131 ve Amanoslar’\u0131n koruyucu g\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rkemli bir miras\u0131 gelece\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131maya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n
Hammond, N.G.L. (1980). Alexander the Great: King, Commander and Statesman. Bristol Classical Press.
\n Foss, Clive. (1977). The Cities of Pamphylia and Pisidia: Their Coins and Monuments. Clarendon Press.
\n Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi, Maliyeden M\u00fcdevver Defterler, nr. 278.
\n Hala\u00e7o\u011flu, Yusuf. (1996). XVI. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda T\u00fcrkiye’nin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Yap\u0131s\u0131: Hatay Sanca\u011f\u0131. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u200bAkdeniz’in incisi, Toroslar’\u0131n ete\u011finden mavi sulara uzanan bereketli bir \u015fehir: \u0130skenderun.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u200bHaberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.iskenderun.org<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Akdeniz’in incisi, Toroslar’\u0131n ete\u011finden mavi sulara uzanan bereketli bir \u015fehir: \u0130skenderun. Bug\u00fcn Hatay’\u0131n en \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden biri olan bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u015fehir, tarihi boyunca medeniyetlerin bulu\u015fma noktalar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015f; hem tarih hem k\u00fclt\u00fcr hem de tabiat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan e\u015fsiz bir miras ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihi katmanlar\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’den Osmanl\u0131’ya, Roma’dan Abbasilere kadar pek \u00e7ok uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan \u0130skenderun, bug\u00fcn de Akdeniz\u2019in en g\u00fczel \u015fehirlerinden biridir. \u00a0 Antik D\u00f6nemlerden Bug\u00fcne \u0130skenderun \u0130skenderun’un tarihi, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender (Alexander the Great) zaman\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r. Milattan \u00f6nce 333 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ssos Sava\u015f\u0131’\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan Akdeniz’e a\u00e7\u0131lan stratejik bir kap\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fehir kurulmu\u015f ve \u201cAlexandretta\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Hammond, 1980). B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u015fehir, s\u0131ras\u0131yla Seleukoslar, Romal\u0131lar ve Bizansl\u0131lar gibi farkl\u0131 imparatorluklar\u0131n hakimiyetine girmi\u015ftir. Roma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir liman kenti olan \u0130skenderun, Roma yollar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131, ticaretin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin canl\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, \u015fehrin refah\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizans d\u00f6neminde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan biri olmu\u015f, civardaki kiliseler ve dini yap\u0131lar bu devre tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir (Foss, 1977). \u00a0 \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130skenderun 7.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen fetihlerle \u0130skenderun, \u0130slam topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u015fehir, Emevi ve Abbasi d\u00f6nemlerinde \u00f6nemli bir askeri ve ticari merkez olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f, Akdeniz ticaretinde \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n