T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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M. C. A. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/83488)<\/p>\n
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Karar Tarihi: 15\/1\/2025<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
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Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
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Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
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Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Tolga BA\u015eBOZKURT<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Emine Rezzan AYDINO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
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I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, ulusal yay\u0131n yapan bir gazetede yay\u0131mlanan r\u00f6portaj nedeniyle manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu, bir kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 vakf\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu olup ayn\u0131 zamanda avukatl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Ulusal yay\u0131n yapan Cumhuriyet gazetesinin (Gazete) 23\/2\/2020 tarihli n\u00fcshas\u0131nda “Korkun\u00e7 Olur” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haber yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haber i\u00e7eri\u011finde, \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesine ili\u015fkin kamuoyundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalara yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma ile ilgili olarak ba\u015fvurucu ile yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portaj “Yobazlara Taviz” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015fu \u015fekilde aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/p>\n
“A. \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ni yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme karar\u0131 al\u0131rken \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131na susuyor, hatta g\u00f6z yumuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn derdi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 erken evlendirip \u00e7ocuk do\u011furtmak. Ki buna evlilik denmez a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131. \u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131, A. i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 \u00f6demli de\u011fil. A., din ad\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalarda \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendiriyor. A. hem ensesti hem de baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de o\u011flan\u0131n anneye tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi korkun\u00e7 bir taleptir. A. i\u00e7indeki yobazlara taviz vermek i\u00e7in al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir karard\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
4. Yap\u0131lan haberlerin ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ki\u015filik hakk\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi (AK Parti) ba\u015fvurucuya ve gazetenin sahibi oldu\u011fu Cumhuriyet Vakf\u0131na y\u00f6nelik manevi tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. \u0130lk derece mahkemesi, manevi tazminat isteminin k\u0131smen kabul\u00fcne karar vermi\u015ftir. Mahkeme ba\u015fvurucu ve gazetenin sahibi oldu\u011fu vakf\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ftereken 10.000 TL manevi tazminat\u0131 davac\u0131ya \u00f6demesine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Mahkeme gerek\u00e7esinde \u015fu hususlar\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir;<\/p>\n
“T\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 10.maddesi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 25 ve 26. maddeleri ile benzer uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme’nin m\u00fcstekrar uygulamas\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; davac\u0131n\u0131n mecliste grubu bulunan siyasi parti (iktidar partisi) olmas\u0131 nedeniyle siyasi kimli\u011fi ve bulundu\u011fu konumdan dolay\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kalan, a\u011f\u0131r itham ve ele\u015ftirilere a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, \u00f6te yandan, daval\u0131 tarafa ait gazetede yer alan haberdeki s\u00f6ylemlerinin ‘d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyeti’ ve ‘d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma h\u00fcrriyeti’ kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in, s\u00f6z konusu s\u00f6ylemlerin, ba\u015fta Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131r dahilinde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu edilen haberdeki ‘..A. hem ensesti hem de baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de o\u011flan\u0131n anneye tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor…’ \u015feklindeki s\u00f6ylemlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyeti ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma h\u00fcrriyeti kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesinin hukuken olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, zira mezkur s\u00f6ylemler neticesinde \u00f6zle bi\u00e7im aras\u0131ndaki dengenin bozularak davac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve davac\u0131n\u0131n bu s\u00f6ylemler nedeniyle manevi tazminat talep edebilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.”<\/p>\n
6. \u0130lk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan istinaf edilmesi \u00fczerine, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 8\/6\/2022 tarihinde daval\u0131 vak\u0131f y\u00f6n\u00fcnden istinaf talebinin kabul\u00fcne ve ilk derece mahkemesinin karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmde, ba\u015fvurucunun davac\u0131ya 10.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6demesine h\u00fckmederken daval\u0131 vak\u0131f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan davan\u0131n reddine kesin olarak karar vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131nda \u015fu hususlar\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir,<\/p>\n
“Yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; davaya konu Cumhuriyet gazetesinin 23\/02\/2020 tarihli n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131n 3. sayfas\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan ‘Korkun\u00e7 Olur’ \u00fcst ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 daval\u0131 C. A.’a atfen ‘Yobazlara Taviz’ alt ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberde C.A.’\u0131n’ A., \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ni yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme karar\u0131 al\u0131rken \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131na susuyor, hatta g\u00f6z yumuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn derdi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 erken evlendirip \u00e7ocuk do\u011furtmak. Ki buna evlilik denmez a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131. \u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131, A. i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 \u00f6nemli de\u011fil. A., din ad\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalarda \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendiriyor. A. hem ensesti hem de baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de o\u011flan\u0131n anneye tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi korkun\u00e7 bir taleptir. A. i\u00e7indeki yobazlara taviz vermek i\u00e7in al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir karard\u0131r’ \u015feklindeki ifadelerine yer verildi\u011fi, daval\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131y\u0131 ele\u015ftirmesi bir hak olmakla birlikte ele\u015ftirenin \u015fahsiyetini tahkir edecek derecede olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, haberde yer alan daval\u0131 C. A.taraf\u0131ndan belirtilen ‘A. hem ensesti hem de baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de o\u011flan\u0131n anneye tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.’ \u015feklindeki s\u00f6ylemininiddian\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun toplumda olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 alg\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, davac\u0131 partinin t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zle bi\u00e7im aras\u0131ndaki dengenin bozularak davac\u0131 partinin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 te\u015fkil etti\u011fi, ifade ve ele\u015ftiri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi, davac\u0131 lehine manevi tazminat \u00f6detilmesi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup daval\u0131 M. A. vekilinin bu hususa y\u00f6nelik istinaf itirazlar\u0131 reddedilmi\u015ftir.”<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucu, nihai karar\u0131 15\/8\/2022 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra 26\/8\/2022 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurular\u0131n kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvurucu; gazetede yay\u0131nlanan r\u00f6portaj\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, ayr\u0131ca r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda bahsetti\u011fi konunun AK Partili y\u00f6neticiler taraf\u0131ndan kamuoyu g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve daha \u00f6nce bu konuda siyaset\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 sadece tekrar etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, somut olayda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma h\u00e2linde olan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015feref ve itibar hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulabilmesi i\u00e7in konuya ili\u015fkin i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n ve somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyan\u0131nda bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddialar\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvuru, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir nedeni de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
12. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan 11\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu’nun 58. maddesinin kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcdahalenin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu noktada m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygunluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde korunan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan orant\u0131l\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale olmas\u0131 gerekir (Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 53-55; Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131n [GK], B. No: 2013\/9343, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 70-72). Bunun i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruya benzer ihtilaflarda mahkemelerin taraflardan birinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile di\u011ferinin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge sa\u011flamalar\u0131 hayati \u00f6nemi haizdir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan haklar aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler genel olarak \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
i. \u0130fadelerin kim taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi\u011fi (Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7 59; Nihat Zeybekci, B. No: 2015\/5633, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 29),<\/p>\n
ii. Hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu, \u00fcnl\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fczeyi ve \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yan\u0131nda katlanmas\u0131 gereken ele\u015ftirinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n sade bir vatanda\u015fa g\u00f6re daha geni\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kamusal yetki kullanan bir g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014 \u00a7 82; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 45; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; Ali Suat Ertosun (7), B. No: 2014\/1416, 15\/10\/2015, \u00a7 36; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri \u00a7\u00a7 128, 129; hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin siyaset\u00e7i olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 66, 67; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2) [GK], B. No: 2013\/8503, 27\/10\/2015, \u00a7 56; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 59- 61),<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130fadelerin genel yarara ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamuoyu ile di\u011fer ki\u015filerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 66-73; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 69; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 56; \u00c7etin Do\u011fan (2) [GK], B. No: 2014\/3494, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 62; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 32),<\/p>\n
iv. Kamuyu bilgilendirme de\u011feri, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve konunun g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130brahim Okur (2), B. No: 2018\/12363, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 28; Seray \u015eahiner \u00d6zkan, B. No: 2016\/6439, 9\/6\/2021, \u00a7 44),<\/p>\n
v. \u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 39; Temel Co\u015fkun, B. No: 2017\/1632, 29\/1\/2020, \u00a7 33; \u015eaban Sevin\u00e7 (2), B. No: 2016\/36777, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 42),<\/p>\n
vi. \u0130fadelerin hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi (Ali Suat Ertosun (2), B. No: 2013\/1592, 20\/5\/2015, \u00a7 33; H\u00fcseyin Kocab\u0131y\u0131k, B. No: 2020\/15593, 22\/11\/2022, \u00a7 24),<\/p>\n
vii. Cezaland\u0131rmaya konu edilen ifadelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131ndan kopart\u0131l\u0131p kopart\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 52; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 62, 63; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, B. No: 2014\/6009, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 45, Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 36),<\/p>\n
viii. Ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalma endi\u015fesinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yarat\u0131p yaratmayaca\u011f\u0131 (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 79; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, B. No: 2014\/12482, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 46),<\/p>\n
ix. Dava konusu s\u00f6ylemlerin maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 veya de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyece\u011fi (Deniz Karadeniz ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2014\/18001, 6\/2\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 48, 49; Durmu\u015f Fikri Sa\u011flar (2) [GK], B. No: 2017\/29735, 17\/3\/2021, \u00a7 50).<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa Mahkemesi; somut olay\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun davac\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeler sebebiyle aleyhine manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesinin zorunlu bir ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelip gelmedi\u011fini, m\u00fcdahalenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ama\u00e7lanan me\u015fru ama\u00e7la orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunu hakl\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in ortaya konan gerek\u00e7enin Anayasa Mahkemesince ortaya konan ve yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan kriterleri kar\u015f\u0131layan, ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne bakarak de\u011ferlendirecektir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 56; Tansel \u00c7\u00f6la\u015fan, \u00a7 56; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7 58; Sinan Baran, B. No: 2015\/11494, 11\/6\/2018, \u00a7 38; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 120).<\/p>\n
15. Somut olayda, gazetenin 23\/2\/2020 tarihli n\u00fcshas\u0131nda \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesine ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalarla ilgili olarak baz\u0131 dernek y\u00f6neticileri ve akademisyenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu do\u011frultuda, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunan bir vakf\u0131n kurucusu olan ba\u015fvurucunun da bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri gazetede yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu, konu ile ilgili iktidar partisinin \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131na g\u00f6z yumdu\u011funu ve erken ya\u015fta evlili\u011fi te\u015fvik etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucu konuyla ilgili “A. hem ensesti hem de baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de o\u011flan\u0131n anneye tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.” \u015feklinde ifadelere yer vermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeler nedeniyle hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davas\u0131nda manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
16. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla somut olayda Anayasa Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyecektir. Eldeki ba\u015fvurunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesinde g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmas\u0131 gereken hususlardan ilki, hem ba\u015fvurucu hem de davac\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal konumlar\u0131d\u0131r (Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, B. No: 2014\/1577, 25\/10\/2017, \u00a7 59). Davac\u0131 AK Parti, ba\u015fvuru konusu olay\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte iktidar partisidir. Ba\u015fvurucu ise kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunan bir vakf\u0131n kurucusu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda avukatt\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuruya konu olayda, iktidar partisi taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekti\u011fine y\u00f6nelik kamusal bir tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu da bas\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla an\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmada kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
17. Siyasi partilerin -bilhassa kamusal politikalar\u0131 olu\u015fturup y\u00f6n verdikleri i\u00e7in iktidarda olanlar\u0131n- kabul edilebilir ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 da \u00f6zel bireylere nazaran \u00e7ok daha geni\u015ftir. Demokratik bir sistemde, siyasi partilerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131n da kamuoyunun s\u0131k\u0131 denetimi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu her zaman g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r (kamu otoritelerinin kamuoyunun da s\u0131k\u0131 denetimi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Ay\u015fe \u00c7elik, \u00a7 54; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 106; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 66; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2) [GK], B. No: 2013\/8503, 27\/10\/2015, \u00a7 69). Bu sebeple, ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sarf etti\u011fi ele\u015ftirilere davac\u0131 konumunda bulunan iktidar partisinin sade vatanda\u015fa g\u00f6re daha fazla ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stermesi beklenmektedir. Ancak su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 i\u00e7eren ve olgusal temeli bulunmayan s\u00f6z konusu dil ve \u00fcslup kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda siyasi partilerin ve siyaset\u00e7ilerin de lekelenmeme haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilmemelidir (benzer y\u00f6nde bknz. U\u011furlu Gazetecilik Bas\u0131n Yay\u0131n Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k Reklamc\u0131l\u0131k Ltd. \u015eti. (2) [GK], B. No: 2016\/12313, 26\/12\/2019, \u00a7 58).<\/p>\n
18. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla somut ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tespit edilmesi gereken ikinci husus, ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan dile getirilen iddialar\u0131n maddi bir vak\u0131an\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 nitelendirmesi mi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmelidir. Zira, maddi olgular ile de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda dikkatli bir ayr\u0131ma gidilmelidir. Maddi olgular ispatlanabilse de, de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ispatlaman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r (bkz. Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7 57; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2) \u00a7 64 ).<\/p>\n
19. Bu do\u011frultuda, ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddialar bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle ba\u015fvurucunun ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu “\u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131na susuyor, hatta g\u00f6z yumuyor”, “b\u00fct\u00fcn derdi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 erken evlendirip \u00e7ocuk do\u011furtmak”, “\u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendiriyor”, “A. hem ensesti hem de baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de o\u011flan\u0131n anneye tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor” \u015feklindeki iddialar\u0131n genel itibariyle olgu isnad\u0131na dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. Zira, ba\u015fvurucu, su\u00e7 isnad\u0131na varan ve toplumun d\u00fczenini bozan baz\u0131 eylemlerin iktidar partisi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zendirildi\u011fi ve me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan olgusal isnatlar\u0131n yeterli kaynaklar ile desteklenmesi gerekmektedir (benzer y\u00f6nde bknz. Nihat Durmu\u015f ve Durmu\u015f Ofset Gaz. Bas. Yay. Mat. K\u00fcl. ve Spor Etk. ve Tic. Ltd. \u015eti., B. No: 2014\/5761, 10\/5\/2018, \u00a7 54). Ancak ba\u015fvurucunun, hem yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinde hem de ba\u015fvuru formunda su\u00e7 isnad\u0131na varan iddialar\u0131n\u0131 yeterli kaynaklar ile destekleyemedi\u011fi g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Ba\u015fvurucu, her ne kadar baz\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin ve kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 raporlar\u0131 iddialar\u0131na dayanak g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa da bunlar\u0131n, ortaya koydu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131r isnatlar\u0131 do\u011frudan destekledi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, somut olaydaki gibi su\u00e7 isnad\u0131na varan ve yeterli kaynaklar ile desteklenmeyen olgusal iddialar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131 konumundaki iktidar partisinin -her ne kadar ele\u015ftirilere katlanma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f olsa da- ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc lehine toleransl\u0131 davranmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemeyecektir (benzer y\u00f6nde de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bknz. U\u011furlu Gazetecilik Bas\u0131n Yay\u0131n Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k Reklamc\u0131l\u0131k Ltd. \u015eti. (2) [GK], \u00a7 58).<\/p>\n
20. Son olarak, ba\u015fvurucunun an\u0131lan ifadelerinin \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nden \u00e7ekilmeye ili\u015fkin olay tarihinde kamuoyunda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u011flam\u0131nda kal\u0131p kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Ba\u015fvurucunun davac\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik ifadelerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nden \u00e7ekilmeye ili\u015fkin g\u00fcncel tart\u0131\u015fmaya dair olsa da \u00f6zellikle su\u00e7 itham\u0131 i\u00e7eren ifadelerin s\u00f6z konusu tart\u0131\u015fmayla bir ilgisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Zira, an\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden \u00e7ekilme ile ba\u015fvurucunun davac\u0131y\u0131 itham eden ifadeleri aras\u0131nda uygun bir illiyet ba\u011f\u0131 kurulamamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim bu durum mahkeme kararlar\u0131nda “\u00f6zle bi\u00e7im aras\u0131ndaki dengenin bozularak davac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunuldu\u011fu” \u015feklinde tarif edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa Mahkemesi bireysel ba\u015fvuru incelemesinde bireylerin anayasal haklar\u0131 ihlal edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece derece mahkemelerinin dava konusu olgular\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesine ve hukuku yorumlamas\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede bulunmaz (\u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, \u00a7 47; Haci Bo\u011fatekin (2), B. No: 2014\/12162, 21\/11\/2017, \u00a7 49). Yukar\u0131daki yap\u0131lan tespitler kapsam\u0131nda, ilk derece mahkemesi ile b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin adil bir dengeleme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. Zira, ilk derece mahkemeleri kararlar\u0131nda, taraflar\u0131n konumlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinin ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun ortaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu iddialar ve \u00f6zellikle “A. hem ensesti hem de baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de o\u011flan\u0131n anneye tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.” \u015feklindeki s\u00f6ylemlerinin davac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini ve \u00f6zle bi\u00e7im aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi bozdu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi ve-tazminat miktar\u0131 da g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda- orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu, bu h\u00e2liyle derece mahkemelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 dengelerken sahip olduklar\u0131 takdir paylar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015fvurunun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine h\u00fckmedilen manevi tazminat ile Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde koruma alt\u0131nda olan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gere\u011fi olarak zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edilmedi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
III. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. Yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde BIRAKILMASINA,<\/p>\n
D. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 15\/1\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 15\/1\/2025 tarihli ve 2022\/83488 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 M. C. A. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/83488) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 15\/1\/2025 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : Tolga BA\u015eBOZKURT Ba\u015fvurucu : Vekili : Av. Emine Rezzan AYDINO\u011eLU \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, ulusal yay\u0131n yapan bir gazetede yay\u0131mlanan r\u00f6portaj nedeniyle manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Ba\u015fvurucu, bir kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 vakf\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu olup ayn\u0131 zamanda avukatl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. 3. Ulusal yay\u0131n yapan Cumhuriyet gazetesinin (Gazete) 23\/2\/2020 tarihli n\u00fcshas\u0131nda “Korkun\u00e7 Olur” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haber yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haber i\u00e7eri\u011finde, \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesine ili\u015fkin kamuoyundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalara yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma ile ilgili olarak ba\u015fvurucu ile yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portaj “Yobazlara Taviz” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015fu \u015fekilde aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; “A. \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ni yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme karar\u0131 al\u0131rken \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131na susuyor, hatta g\u00f6z yumuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn derdi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 erken evlendirip \u00e7ocuk do\u011furtmak. Ki buna evlilik denmez a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131. \u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131, A. i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 \u00f6demli de\u011fil. A., din ad\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalarda \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendiriyor. A. hem ensesti hem de baban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hem de o\u011flan\u0131n anneye tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130stanbul …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n