T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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ETHEM KUT BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/66356)<\/p>\n
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Karar Tarihi: 15\/1\/2025<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
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Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
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Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Muhammed Cemil KANDEM\u0130R<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Ethem KUT<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Kenan AN\u011eAY<\/p>\n
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I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadenin hakaret kabul edilerek adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu, bir gazetenin Facebook hesab\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lan ve M.F.nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olan bir videonun alt\u0131na Facebook kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131yla “sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f herif bi de baro ba\u015fkan\u0131 t\u00fcf\u00fc surat\u0131na t\u00fck\u00fcreyim” yorumunu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. M\u00fc\u015fteki M.F. ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunmu\u015ftur. Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k) 11\/2\/2021 tarihli iddianame ile ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan Ankara43. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (Mahkeme) 10\/5\/2022 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7undan 105 g\u00fcn adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 2.100 TL adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“… Kat\u0131lan [M.F.nin], yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ait videonun ‘sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan sivilleri devlet korumak zorunda de\u011fil’ ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile [C.] Gazetesi facebook sayfas\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131lan bu payla\u015f\u0131ma san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ‘Sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f herif bide baro ba\u015fkan\u0131 t\u00fcf\u00fc surat\u0131na t\u00fck\u00fcreyim’ \u015feklinde yorum yazarak hakaret etti\u011fi, sarf edilen s\u00f6zlerin kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u015feref, haysiyet ve namusu, toplum i\u00e7indeki itibar\u0131, di\u011fer fertler nezdindeki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc nitelikte oldu\u011fundan hakaret boyutuna ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131k m\u00fcdafii Mahkememizdeki savunmas\u0131nda ‘t\u00fcf\u00fc’ kelimesinin tam anlam\u0131n\u0131 bilmemekle birlikte K\u00fcrt\u00e7e oldu\u011funu belirterek terc\u00fcme i\u015flemi yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015f ise de, mesajda kat\u0131lan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne t\u00fck\u00fcrmekten bahsedilmesi nedeniyle ‘t\u00fcf\u00fc’ tabirinin t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fcrken \u00e7\u0131kan sesin ifadesi i\u00e7i[n] kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, esasen mesajda yer alan ve maddi menfaat ve\/veya ki\u015fisel menfaat\/ikbal gibi kayg\u0131larla g\u00f6revinin gere\u011fini yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ‘Sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f’ tabirinin ele\u015ftiri boyutunu a\u015fan, onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zedeleyici nitelikte oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011finden sabit olan eylemin hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, facebook sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m sitesine \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin ula\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle aleniyet unsurunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, b\u00f6ylece san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sabit olan ve t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131 ile olu\u015fan at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahkumiyetine karar verilmek gerekti\u011fi …”<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucu, karar\u0131 10\/5\/2022 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve 8\/6\/2022 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucunun adli yard\u0131m talebinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucu; ele\u015ftirilerinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, hakaret su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, sadece aleyhine olan hususlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi nedeniyle masumiyet karinesinin, kararda yeterli gerek\u00e7e bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bir m\u00fcdahalenin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bulunuldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru bir amac\u0131 haiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fik\u00e2yete konu edilen i\u015flemin belirtilen me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu anlamda derece mahkemeleri kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7eler i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesi ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ile mevzuat dikkate al\u0131narak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder. Ba\u015fvurucunun iddialar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 26. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Herkes, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatlerini s\u00f6z, yaz\u0131, resim veya ba\u015fka yollarla tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya toplu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu h\u00fcrriyet resmi makamlar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n haber veya fikir almak ya da vermek serbestli\u011fini de kapsar…<\/p>\n
Bu h\u00fcrriyetlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,… ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n,… korunmas\u0131 … ama\u00e7lar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir\u2026”<\/p>\n
10. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
11. Sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ifade nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu mahkeme karar\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve somut ba\u015fvuruya uygun d\u00fc\u015fen, kanunlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclme, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddesinde belirtilen nedenlere dayanma ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygunluk ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
13. 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 125. maddesinin kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcdahalenin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu noktada m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygunluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa Mahkemesi demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun ifadesinden ne anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini daha \u00f6nce pek \u00e7ok kez a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ve orant\u0131l\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n demokratik bir toplumda zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ve istisnai nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekir. M\u00fcdahaleyi olu\u015fturan tedbirin zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in amaca ula\u015fmaya elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131, ba\u015fvurulabilecek en son \u00e7are ve al\u0131nabilecek en hafif \u00f6nlem olarak kendisini g\u00f6stermesi gerekmektedir. Amaca ula\u015fmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmayan veya ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amaca nazaran bariz bir bi\u00e7imde a\u011f\u0131r olan bir m\u00fcdahalenin zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemeyecektir (baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 51-55; Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131n [GK], B. No: 2013\/9343, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 68-72; Tansel \u00c7\u00f6la\u015fan, B. No: 2014\/6128, 7\/7\/2015, \u00a7 51).<\/p>\n
15. Orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise s\u0131n\u0131rlamayla ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 ile ba\u015fvurulan s\u0131n\u0131rlama tedbiri aras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir dengesizlik bulunmamas\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan organlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131na ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale ederken ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan yarardan daha a\u011f\u0131r basan, korunmas\u0131 gereken bir menfaatin ve ki\u015fiye y\u00fcklenen k\u00fclfeti dengeleyici mekanizmalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 somut olgulara dayanarak g\u00f6stermeleri gerekir (baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 57; Tansel \u00c7\u00f6la\u015fan, \u00a7\u00a7 46, 49, 50; Hakan Yi\u011fit, B. No: 2015\/3378, 5\/7\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 59, 68).<\/p>\n
16. Bununla birlikte ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yorumlanmas\u0131 gereken istisnalara t\u00e2bidir ve herhangi bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama ihtiyac\u0131 ikna edici bir \u015fekilde tesis edilmelidir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lma nedenlerinden ve bu ba\u011flamda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullananlar\u0131n uymas\u0131 gereken g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklardan biri de ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bireyin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131, ki\u015fisel kimli\u011finin ve manevi b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n korumas\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131r (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 44). Devlet, bireyin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131na keyf\u00ee olarak m\u00fcdahale etmemek ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (Adnan Oktar (3), B. No: 2013\/1123, 2\/10\/2013, \u00a7 33; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 41; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 45; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, B. No: 2014\/6009, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 44).<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00f6nceki kararlar\u0131nda bu iki hak aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilip g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 49; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 27). Bu, soyut bir de\u011ferlendirme de\u011fildir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan haklar aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalara katk\u0131 sunma kapasitesinin, ifadelere y\u00f6nelik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n niteli\u011finin ve kapsam\u0131n\u0131n, ifadelerin kim taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi\u011finin, kime y\u00f6neldi\u011finin, taraflar\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fcl\u00fck derecelerinin, ilgili ki\u015filerin \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve kamu ile di\u011fer ki\u015filerin kullan\u0131lan ifadeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 44; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 66-73; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 58-66; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2) [GK], B. No: 2013\/8503, 27\/10\/2015, \u00a7 56).<\/p>\n
18. Bu ba\u011flamda somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir akademisyen olan M.F.nin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r (bu konuda genel ilkeler i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 65-73). \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan bu iki hak aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler genel olarak ise \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
i. \u0130fadelerin kim taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi\u011fi (Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, B. No: 2014\/1577, 25\/10\/2017, \u00a7 59; Nihat Zeybekci, B. No: 2015\/5633, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 29),<\/p>\n
ii. Hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu, \u00fcnl\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fczeyi ve \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yan\u0131nda katlanmas\u0131 gereken ele\u015ftirinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n sade bir vatanda\u015fa g\u00f6re daha geni\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kamusal yetki kullanan bir g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 82; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 45; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; Ali Suat Ertosun (7), B. No: 2014\/1416, 15\/10\/2015, \u00a7 36; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2018\/17635, 26\/7\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 128, 129; hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin siyaset\u00e7i olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 66, 67; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 56; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 59-61),<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130fadelerin genel yarara ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamuyu ile di\u011fer ki\u015filerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 66-73; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 69; \u00c7etin Do\u011fan (2) [GK], B. No: 2014\/3494, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 62; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 32)<\/p>\n
iv. Kamuyu bilgilendirme de\u011feri, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve konunun g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130brahim Okur (2), B. No: 2018\/12363, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 28; Seray \u015eahiner \u00d6zkan, B. No: 2016\/6439, 9\/6\/2021, \u00a7 44)<\/p>\n
v. Kat\u0131lan\u0131n kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme olana\u011f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 39; Temel Co\u015fkun, B. No: 2017\/1632, 29\/1\/2020, \u00a7 33; \u015eaban Sevin\u00e7 (2), B. No: 2016\/36777, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 42)<\/p>\n
vi. \u0130fadelerin hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi (Ali Suat Ertosun (2), B. No: 2013\/1592, 20\/5\/2015, \u00a7 33; H\u00fcseyin Kocab\u0131y\u0131k, B. No: 2020\/15593, 22\/11\/2022, \u00a7 24)<\/p>\n
vii. Cezaland\u0131rmaya konu edilen ifadelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131ndan kopar\u0131l\u0131p kopar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 52; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 62, 63; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, B. No: 2014\/6009, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 45, Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 36)<\/p>\n
viii. Ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalma endi\u015fesinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yarat\u0131p yaratmayaca\u011f\u0131 (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, B. No: 2014\/12482, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 46)<\/p>\n
ix. Dava konusu s\u00f6ylemlerin maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 veya de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyece\u011fi (Deniz Karadeniz ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2014\/18001, 6\/2\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 48, 49; Durmu\u015f Fikri Sa\u011flar (2) [GK], B. No: 2017\/29735, 17\/3\/2021, \u00a7 50)<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa Mahkemesi somut olay\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sebebiyle hakaret su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu bir ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelip gelmedi\u011fini, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ama\u00e7lanan me\u015fru ama\u00e7la orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunu hakl\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in ortaya konan gerek\u00e7enin Anayasa Mahkemesince ortaya konulan ve yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan kriterleri kar\u015f\u0131layan ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi\u011fini davan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne bakarak de\u011ferlendirecektir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 56; Tansel \u00c7\u00f6la\u015fan, B. No: 2014\/6128, 7\/7\/2015, \u00a7 56; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7 58; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 120).<\/p>\n
20. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun kamuya mal olmu\u015f bir ki\u015fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sade vatanda\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. M\u00fc\u015fteki M.F., \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir ki\u015fidir. Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesinde profes\u00f6r olarak g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra T\u00fcrkiye Barolar Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131k kaynaklardan yap\u0131lan sorgulamada M.F.nin 2012 ila 2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir siyasi partide parti meclisi \u00fcyeli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. M.F. uzunca bir s\u00fcre T\u00fcrkiye’nin devlet ve toplum hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalarda aktif olarak yer alm\u0131\u015f, y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve tutumlar\u0131 sebebiyle farkl\u0131 \u00e7evrelerce ele\u015ftirilerin hedefi olmu\u015ftur.Bu ba\u011flamda ba\u015fvuru konusu ifadenin genel yarara ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
21. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, ba\u015fvurucunun sosyal medya hesab\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015ftekiyle ilgili olarak hakaret i\u00e7eren payla\u015f\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkeme ise mesajda yer alan ifadelerin ele\u015ftiri boyutunu a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zedeleyici nitelikte oldu\u011funu ve Facebook hesab\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmakla aleniyet \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re mahkeme, \u015fik\u00e2yete konu ifadenin ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve aleniyet \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmekle yetinmi\u015f; ba\u015fvurucunun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadenin g\u00fcncel bir konuya ili\u015fkin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, genel kamu yarar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fvuruya konu ifadenin dile getirilme nedenin ne oldu\u011funu, kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6z\u00fcn arka plan\u0131 ve ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeksizin ba\u015fvurucuyu hakaret su\u00e7undan mahk\u00fbm etmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle Mahkeme, ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile m\u00fc\u015ftekinin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir denge kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f; de\u011ferlendirme yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu ifadenin hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015ftir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. O\u011fuz Demirkaya, B. No: 2018\/15033, 18\/5\/2021, \u00a7 38; Sami K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015fkan, B. No: 2018\/5571, 8\/9\/2021, \u00a7 44; Metin \u00c7apar, B. No: 2018\/12551, 16\/12\/2020, \u00a7 40).<\/p>\n
22. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Mahkeme, ba\u015fvurucunun kullan\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeyi, olaya \u00f6zg\u00fc t\u00fcm ko\u015fullarla birlikte, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kriterleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirmemi\u015f (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 52; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, \u00a7 45), ba\u015fvurucunun mahk\u00fbmiyetinin demokratik toplumda zorunlu bir ihtiyac\u0131 nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mahkemenin mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gerek\u00e7e, ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in ilgili ve yeterli olarak kabul edilemez.<\/p>\n
23. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M<\/p>\n
24. Ba\u015fvurucu, ihlalin tespiti ve yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi ile birlikte 100.000 TL manevi tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
25. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen anayasal hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar ve zorunluluk bulunmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 148. ve 153. maddeleri ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 50. ve 66. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca ihlal karar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flat\u0131p Anayasa Mahkemesinin ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere ve gerek\u00e7elere uygun bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek yarg\u0131lama sonunda hak ihlalinin nedenlerini gidererek yeni bir karar vermektir (yeniden yarg\u0131lama konusunda bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
26. \u00d6te yandan hak ihlali karar\u0131ndan Anayasa Mahkemesinin davan\u0131n sonucuyla ilgili olarak bir tutum sergiledi\u011fi sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesince verilen hak ihlali karar\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olup davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, reddine ya da beraate veya mahk\u00fbmiyete karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Kural olarak, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek \u00fczere yeniden yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lama sonunda da delillerin dava ile ili\u015fkisini kurma ve bunlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirip sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi ilgili mahkemelere aittir.<\/p>\n
27. Bununla birlikte eski h\u00e2le getirme kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurucuya manevi zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda net 34.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Adli yard\u0131m talebinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
B. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere Ankara 43. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesine (E.2021\/651, K.2022\/387) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. Ba\u015fvurucuya net 34.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. 30.000 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
G. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
H. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 15\/1\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 15\/1\/2025 tarihli ve 2022\/66356 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 ETHEM KUT BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/66356) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 15\/1\/2025 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : Muhammed Cemil KANDEM\u0130R Ba\u015fvurucu : Ethem KUT Vekili : Av. Kenan AN\u011eAY \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadenin hakaret kabul edilerek adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Ba\u015fvurucu, bir gazetenin Facebook hesab\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lan ve M.F.nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olan bir videonun alt\u0131na Facebook kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131yla “sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f herif bi de baro ba\u015fkan\u0131 t\u00fcf\u00fc surat\u0131na t\u00fck\u00fcreyim” yorumunu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. M\u00fc\u015fteki M.F. ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunmu\u015ftur. Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k) 11\/2\/2021 tarihli iddianame ile ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir. 4. Yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan Ankara43. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (Mahkeme) 10\/5\/2022 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7undan 105 g\u00fcn adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 2.100 TL adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: “… Kat\u0131lan [M.F.nin], yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ait videonun ‘sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan sivilleri devlet korumak zorunda de\u011fil’ ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile [C.] Gazetesi facebook sayfas\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131lan bu payla\u015f\u0131ma …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n