I. Karar<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 13.03.2024 tarihli, 2023\/546 E. ve 2024\/118 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n
II. Hukuki S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/p>\n
San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda D\u00fczce A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcsten h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmu\u015f, karar\u0131n san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafii taraf\u0131ndan istinaf edilmesi \u00fczerine, Sakarya B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 7. Ceza Dairesince istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
San\u0131k m\u00fcdafii karar\u0131 temyiz etmi\u015f, dosyay\u0131 inceleyen Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi, hen\u00fcz nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketlerinin bulunmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hali ile fiilin basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilip bu su\u00e7tan h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken, su\u00e7 vasf\u0131n\u0131n tayininde yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcsten kurulan mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun kabul\u00fc yerine esastan reddedilmesi isabetsizli\u011finden bozulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana birka\u00e7 kez sar\u0131larak dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6pmek ve onunla cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmek istedi\u011fini beyan etmek suretiyle kast\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak ve kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan kat\u0131lan\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7akla tehdit ederek, direncini k\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, cinsel davran\u0131\u015flarla do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli hareketlerle at\u0131l\u0131 nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 eyleminin icras\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak kat\u0131lan\u0131n kendisini balkondan atmas\u0131 sonucu kast etti\u011fi eylemi elinde olmayan nedenlerle tamamlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu suretle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u00fccuda organ sokmak suretiyle cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn etti\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Say\u0131n Daire itiraz\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6rmemi\u015f ve dosya Ba\u015fsavc\u0131 itiraz\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi i\u00e7in Ceza Genel Kuruluna g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. Ceza Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131na Konu Somut Olay<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun karar\u0131na konu olayda; \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi, b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi ve Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi ile Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda maddi vakan\u0131n olu\u015funa ili\u015fkin bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; karar\u0131n iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi ad\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer verilen olay\u0131n olu\u015f \u015fekli, karar s\u00fcrecinde yer alan t\u00fcm merciler taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Somut olaya g\u00f6re; kat\u0131lan ile tan\u0131k \u2026\u2019n\u0131n 1 ayd\u0131r arkada\u015f olduklar\u0131 ve 20 g\u00fcnden beri \u2026 ile san\u0131\u011fa ait evde kald\u0131klar\u0131, ancak bu s\u0131rada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n evde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 22.05.2021 tarihinde ise san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu eve geldi\u011fi, \u2026 ile \u2026\u2019in birlikte alkol ald\u0131klar\u0131 ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n o gece evde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, 23.05.2021 tarih ve saat 05:30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda tan\u0131k \u2026\u2019in i\u015fe gitmek i\u00e7in evden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n evde yaln\u0131z kald\u0131klar\u0131, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn saat 11:00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131 dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6perek ona sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak kat\u0131lan\u0131n istemedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek odaya ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitledi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lana hitaben \u201cKap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mazsan seni \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fim\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve odada bekledi\u011fi, bir s\u00fcre sonra san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kez hitaben \u201cGel konu\u015fal\u0131m, bu konu kapans\u0131n, kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7arak odadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 birlikte salona ge\u00e7tikleri, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n burada da kat\u0131lana tekrar sar\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun \u00fczerine kat\u0131lan\u0131n odas\u0131na ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle odas\u0131na giremedi\u011fi, yine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n telefonunu da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan\u0131n bu kez banyoya ka\u00e7arak kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitledi\u011fi, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 saat s\u00fcreyle banyoda kalarak a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana hitaben \u201cBen ba\u015fka odaya ge\u00e7iyorum, sen de kendi odana ge\u00e7, ben yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan pi\u015fman\u0131m\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa tekrar inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7arak banyodan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kez elinde bulunan b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131lana do\u011frultarak \u201cBenimle cinsel ili\u015fkiye gireceksin ya da \u00f6leceksin\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n korktu\u011fu ve ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak evin d\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 ile odalar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 kilitli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ka\u00e7amad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan\u0131n olay nedeniyle \u00e7ok korktu\u011fu ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in 1. katta bulunan evin mutfak balkonundan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kemik k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015facak \u015fekilde yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Kapsam\u0131 ve Konusu<\/p>\n
Somut olay\u0131n olu\u015f \u015fekli bak\u0131m\u0131ndan merciler aras\u0131nda bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan davada; \u00f6zel daire olan Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi ile Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ve Ceza Genel Kurulunca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gereken hukuki sorun; yukar\u0131da yer verdi\u011fimiz somut olayda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana y\u00f6nelik eyleminin basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu mu, yoksa te\u015febb\u00fcs a\u015famas\u0131nda kalan nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu mu olu\u015fturdu\u011funun belirlenmesine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
V. Ceza Genel Kurulunun G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Karar\u0131<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 13.03.2024 tarihli, 2023\/546 E. ve 2024\/118 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; \u201cSan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, birden \u00e7ok kez sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kat\u0131lana y\u00f6nelik eylemlerinin cinsel ili\u015fki boyutuna ula\u015fmamas\u0131 ve v\u00fccuda organ veya sair bir cisim sokmaya y\u00f6nelik olmamas\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemlerinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun konusuyla yak\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olmay\u0131p bu bak\u0131mdan bir tehlikeye de sebebiyet vermemesi, kat\u0131lan\u0131 zorla duda\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6pen, odas\u0131na ka\u00e7mak isteyen kat\u0131lana ait odan\u0131n anahtar\u0131 ile cep telefonunu alarak d\u0131\u015f kap\u0131 dahil t\u00fcm kap\u0131lar\u0131 kilitleyen ve b\u0131\u00e7ak g\u00f6stererek; \u2018Benimle ili\u015fkiye gireceksin ya da \u00f6leceksin.\u2019 \u015feklindeki tehdit i\u00e7erikli s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yleyen san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eyleminin kat\u0131lan\u0131n mutfak balkonundan atlamas\u0131 sonucu son buldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de; kat\u0131lan\u0131n balkondan atlamadan \u00f6nceki evrede san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ne \u015fekilde sona erdirece\u011fini ortaya koyma ihtimalinin bulunmamas\u0131, olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisiyle cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmesi i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekle tehdit etmesinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketi olarak kabul edilememesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki teklifinin veya tehdidinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lsa dahi, TCK\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinin gerek metninde gerekse gerek\u00e7esinde, icraya ba\u015flama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kast\u0131ndan ziyade d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011finin belirtilmesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketlerine ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ba\u015fkaca maddi delile de ula\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131, bu kapsamda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n cinsel duygular\u0131n\u0131 tatmine y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesinin gerekmesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n konutunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7un nitelikli halini i\u015fleme kast\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan icra hareketlerine ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabule yetmemesi, aksinin kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut delil durumuna g\u00f6re ceza muhakemesi hukukunun en \u00f6nemli ilkeleri aras\u0131nda yer alan \u015f\u00fcpheden san\u0131k yararlan\u0131r ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 sonu\u00e7 do\u011furacak olmas\u0131 ve her somut olayda de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterebilen eylemlerin vahametine g\u00f6re temel cezan\u0131n belirlenmesi suretiyle ceza adaletinin sa\u011flanabilmesi hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; belirtilen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flarla kat\u0131lan\u0131n v\u00fccut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l eden san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eyleminin, basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul\u00a0edilmelidir.\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 itiraz\u0131n\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fine ve karara konu olayda nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VI. Ceza Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Ele\u015ftirimiz ve G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz<\/p>\n
Belirtmeliyiz ki, Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu su\u00e7a te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fi konusunda karar\u0131nda do\u011fru bir kriter ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Genel Kurul; kanun koyucunun 765 say\u0131l\u0131 eski Ceza Kanununda icra hareketlerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k bir ifadeye yer vermedi\u011fini, ancak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Kanununda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya icra hareketlerine ba\u015flama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kabul edildi\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanaatimizce de bu tespit do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; Ceza Genel Kurulu, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, failin kast\u0131n\u0131n neye y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re de\u011fil, failin somut olayda d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan hareketlerinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcse elveri\u015fli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun do\u011frudan do\u011fruya icra hareketlerine ba\u015flan\u0131p ba\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re belirleme yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Biz de bu hususa kat\u0131lmaktay\u0131z. Ger\u00e7ekten de TCK m.35 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k lafz\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; bir su\u00e7a te\u015febb\u00fcs edildi\u011finden s\u00f6z edilebilmesi i\u00e7in, failin kast\u0131n\u0131n basit hali mi, yoksa nitelikli hali mi olu\u015fturdu\u011funa bak\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli olmayacak, e\u011fer nitelikli hale te\u015febb\u00fcsten h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulacaksa, failin nitelikli hale uyan elveri\u015fli hareketlerle do\u011frudan do\u011fruya icras\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, ancak d\u0131\u015f bir etken nedeniyle eylemini tamamlayamadan son verdi\u011finin ortaya koyulmas\u0131 ve ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekecektir. Bu konuda koyulan kriter bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ceza Genel Kurulu ile ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015fmaktay\u0131z. Bu nedenle; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n hangi su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye kastetti\u011fi de\u011fil, temel halin mi, yoksa nitelikli halin mi icra hareketlerine do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Burada Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu ile ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz husus; inceleme konumuz olan kararda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hareketlerin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli hareket say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketlerine san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ba\u015flan\u0131p ba\u015flan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Somut olay incelendi\u011finde; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana sald\u0131rarak dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kat\u0131lan\u0131n istemedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek ka\u00e7\u0131p kendisini odaya kilitledi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131 kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mazsan seni \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fim diyerek tehdit etti\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve odada bekledi\u011fi, bir s\u00fcre sonra san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kez hitaben \u201cGel konu\u015fal\u0131m, bu konu kapans\u0131n, kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7arak odadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 birlikte salona ge\u00e7tikleri, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n burada da kat\u0131lana tekrar sar\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun \u00fczerine kat\u0131lan\u0131n odas\u0131na ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle odas\u0131na giremedi\u011fi, yine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n telefonunu da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan\u0131n bu kez banyoya ka\u00e7arak kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitledi\u011fi, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 saat s\u00fcreyle banyoda kalarak a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana hitaben \u201cBen ba\u015fka odaya ge\u00e7iyorum, sen de kendi odana ge\u00e7, ben yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan pi\u015fman\u0131m\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa tekrar inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7arak banyodan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kez elinde bulunan b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131lana do\u011frultarak \u201cBenimle cinsel ili\u015fkiye gireceksin ya da \u00f6leceksin\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n korktu\u011fu ve ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak evin d\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 ile odalar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 kilitli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ka\u00e7amad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan\u0131n olay nedeniyle \u00e7ok korktu\u011fu ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in 1. katta bulunan evin mutfak balkonundan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hususlar\u0131n\u0131n sabit oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulu; kat\u0131lan\u0131n balkondan atlamadan \u00f6nceki evrede san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ne \u015fekilde sona erdirece\u011fini ortaya koyma ihtimalinin bulunmamas\u0131, olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisiyle cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmesi i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekle tehdit etmesinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketi olarak edilememesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki teklifinin veya tehdidinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lsa dahi, TCK m.35\u2019in metninde ve gerek\u00e7esinde icraya ba\u015flama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kast\u0131ndan ziyade d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011finin belirtilmesi gerek\u00e7eleriyle, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da ifade etti\u011fimiz \u00fczere; Ceza Genel Kurulunun te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc de\u011ferlendirirken, failin kast\u0131n\u0131n buna y\u00f6nelik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ortaya koymas\u0131 isabetlidir. Ancak bu do\u011fru tespitten yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak, verilen karar\u0131n sonucu hukuken isabetli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Somut olayda fail; basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011findeki fiilleri defalarca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f, ancak bununla yetinmemi\u015f, yaln\u0131zca kast\u0131n\u0131n nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu ortaya koymakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, zaten ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011findeki eylemlerin \u00fczerine, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla elinde bulundurdu\u011fu b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kullanarak, ma\u011fduru cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmekle somut olarak tehdit etmi\u015ftir. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 fiillerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi sonras\u0131nda, ma\u011fduru defalarca kand\u0131rarak su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin hareketlerine devam etmesi, bununla da yetinemeyerek ve eline b\u0131\u00e7ak almak suretiyle kendisi ile cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmedi\u011fi durumda \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fini ma\u011fdura s\u00f6ylemesi fiillerinin, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Netice olarak san\u0131k; somut olayda yaln\u0131zca kast\u0131n\u0131n nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu ortaya koymakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek ad\u0131na b\u0131\u00e7ak kullanarak somut bir tehdide ba\u015fvurmu\u015f ve bunu do\u011frudan ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine ve kabule g\u00f6re; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kast\u0131n\u0131n ve icra hareketlerinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu i\u015flemeye y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu, bunda teredd\u00fct g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi, bu amac\u0131na ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcrl\u00fc yollar denedi\u011fi, en son tehdit ve \u015fiddete ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu, bu maksatla eline b\u0131\u00e7ak almak suretiyle ma\u011fduru kovalad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fdurun kendisini bir odaya kilitlemek ve ard\u0131ndan balkondan atlamak suretiyle can\u0131n\u0131 ve cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabildi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n elinde olmayan sebeplerle icra hareketlerinin yar\u0131da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun da nitelikli cinsel istismar su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcs olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, her ne kadar Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda kriterleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan netle\u015fmese de, sark\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ani ve kesintili hareketler olarak kabul edildi\u011fi, cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n basit halinin ise devaml\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7eren, fakat san\u0131\u011f\u0131n nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131na getirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi\u011fi cinsellik i\u00e7eren davran\u0131\u015flar olarak kabul edildi\u011fi, failin niyeti ve icra hareketlerinden nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan tespitler halinde, bundan ka\u00e7arak kendisini korudu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn gerekti\u011fi, yar\u0131da kalan icra hareketleri ile bunlar\u0131n neticeye yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re TCK m.35\u2019de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza oranlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilece\u011fi, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinden kopuk bir \u015fekilde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerleyen sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda ne yapaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir kesinli\u011fin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrinin benimsenmesi suretiyle basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, aksi halde nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun te\u015febb\u00fcse m\u00fcsait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn gerekece\u011fi, somut olayda icra edilen hareketlerin basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una de\u011fil, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una ait icra hareketleri oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu sebeplerle; inceleme konumuz olan kararda Ceza Genel Kurulunun teorik tespitlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirtmekle birlikte, vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonuca kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, ma\u011fdurun adeta somut olayda can\u0131n\u0131 zor kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde t\u00fcm mercilerin olu\u015fu kabul etti\u011fi \u015fekilde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemlerinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n icra hareketleri oldu\u011funu, bu nedenle kararda nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ifade etmek isteriz.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Ersan \u015een<\/p>\n
Av. Cem Serdar<\/p>\n
(Bu makale, say\u0131n\u00a0Prof. Dr. Ersan \u015eEN\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0www.hukukihaber.net\u00a0sitesinde yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak g\u00f6sterilse dahi makalenin tamam\u0131 \u00f6zel izin al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak al\u0131nt\u0131lanan makalenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, aktif link verilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeden k\u0131smen ya da tamamen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u015fahsi haklara ve fikri haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder.)<\/p>\n
\u200bI. Karar<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 13.03.2024 tarihli, 2023\/546 E. ve 2024\/118 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n
II. Hukuki S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/p>\n
San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda D\u00fczce A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcsten h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmu\u015f, karar\u0131n san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafii taraf\u0131ndan istinaf edilmesi \u00fczerine, Sakarya B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 7. Ceza Dairesince istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
San\u0131k m\u00fcdafii karar\u0131 temyiz etmi\u015f, dosyay\u0131 inceleyen Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi, hen\u00fcz nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketlerinin bulunmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hali ile fiilin basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilip bu su\u00e7tan h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken, su\u00e7 vasf\u0131n\u0131n tayininde yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcsten kurulan mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun kabul\u00fc yerine esastan reddedilmesi isabetsizli\u011finden bozulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana birka\u00e7 kez sar\u0131larak dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6pmek ve onunla cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmek istedi\u011fini beyan etmek suretiyle kast\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak ve kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan kat\u0131lan\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7akla tehdit ederek, direncini k\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, cinsel davran\u0131\u015flarla do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli hareketlerle at\u0131l\u0131 nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 eyleminin icras\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak kat\u0131lan\u0131n kendisini balkondan atmas\u0131 sonucu kast etti\u011fi eylemi elinde olmayan nedenlerle tamamlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu suretle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u00fccuda organ sokmak suretiyle cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn etti\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Say\u0131n Daire itiraz\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6rmemi\u015f ve dosya Ba\u015fsavc\u0131 itiraz\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi i\u00e7in Ceza Genel Kuruluna g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. Ceza Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131na Konu Somut Olay<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun karar\u0131na konu olayda; \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi, b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi ve Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi ile Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda maddi vakan\u0131n olu\u015funa ili\u015fkin bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; karar\u0131n iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi ad\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer verilen olay\u0131n olu\u015f \u015fekli, karar s\u00fcrecinde yer alan t\u00fcm merciler taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Somut olaya g\u00f6re; kat\u0131lan ile tan\u0131k \u2026\u2019n\u0131n 1 ayd\u0131r arkada\u015f olduklar\u0131 ve 20 g\u00fcnden beri \u2026 ile san\u0131\u011fa ait evde kald\u0131klar\u0131, ancak bu s\u0131rada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n evde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 22.05.2021 tarihinde ise san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu eve geldi\u011fi, \u2026 ile \u2026\u2019in birlikte alkol ald\u0131klar\u0131 ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n o gece evde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, 23.05.2021 tarih ve saat 05:30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda tan\u0131k \u2026\u2019in i\u015fe gitmek i\u00e7in evden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n evde yaln\u0131z kald\u0131klar\u0131, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn saat 11:00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131 dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6perek ona sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak kat\u0131lan\u0131n istemedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek odaya ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitledi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lana hitaben \u201cKap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mazsan seni \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fim\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve odada bekledi\u011fi, bir s\u00fcre sonra san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kez hitaben \u201cGel konu\u015fal\u0131m, bu konu kapans\u0131n, kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7arak odadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 birlikte salona ge\u00e7tikleri, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n burada da kat\u0131lana tekrar sar\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun \u00fczerine kat\u0131lan\u0131n odas\u0131na ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle odas\u0131na giremedi\u011fi, yine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n telefonunu da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan\u0131n bu kez banyoya ka\u00e7arak kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitledi\u011fi, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 saat s\u00fcreyle banyoda kalarak a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana hitaben \u201cBen ba\u015fka odaya ge\u00e7iyorum, sen de kendi odana ge\u00e7, ben yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan pi\u015fman\u0131m\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa tekrar inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7arak banyodan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kez elinde bulunan b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131lana do\u011frultarak \u201cBenimle cinsel ili\u015fkiye gireceksin ya da \u00f6leceksin\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n korktu\u011fu ve ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak evin d\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 ile odalar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 kilitli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ka\u00e7amad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan\u0131n olay nedeniyle \u00e7ok korktu\u011fu ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in 1. katta bulunan evin mutfak balkonundan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kemik k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015facak \u015fekilde yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Kapsam\u0131 ve Konusu<\/p>\n
Somut olay\u0131n olu\u015f \u015fekli bak\u0131m\u0131ndan merciler aras\u0131nda bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan davada; \u00f6zel daire olan Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi ile Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ve Ceza Genel Kurulunca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gereken hukuki sorun; yukar\u0131da yer verdi\u011fimiz somut olayda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana y\u00f6nelik eyleminin basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu mu, yoksa te\u015febb\u00fcs a\u015famas\u0131nda kalan nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu mu olu\u015fturdu\u011funun belirlenmesine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
V. Ceza Genel Kurulunun G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Karar\u0131<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 13.03.2024 tarihli, 2023\/546 E. ve 2024\/118 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; \u201cSan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, birden \u00e7ok kez sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kat\u0131lana y\u00f6nelik eylemlerinin cinsel ili\u015fki boyutuna ula\u015fmamas\u0131 ve v\u00fccuda organ veya sair bir cisim sokmaya y\u00f6nelik olmamas\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemlerinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun konusuyla yak\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olmay\u0131p bu bak\u0131mdan bir tehlikeye de sebebiyet vermemesi, kat\u0131lan\u0131 zorla duda\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6pen, odas\u0131na ka\u00e7mak isteyen kat\u0131lana ait odan\u0131n anahtar\u0131 ile cep telefonunu alarak d\u0131\u015f kap\u0131 dahil t\u00fcm kap\u0131lar\u0131 kilitleyen ve b\u0131\u00e7ak g\u00f6stererek; \u2018Benimle ili\u015fkiye gireceksin ya da \u00f6leceksin.\u2019 \u015feklindeki tehdit i\u00e7erikli s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yleyen san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eyleminin kat\u0131lan\u0131n mutfak balkonundan atlamas\u0131 sonucu son buldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de; kat\u0131lan\u0131n balkondan atlamadan \u00f6nceki evrede san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ne \u015fekilde sona erdirece\u011fini ortaya koyma ihtimalinin bulunmamas\u0131, olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisiyle cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmesi i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekle tehdit etmesinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketi olarak kabul edilememesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki teklifinin veya tehdidinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lsa dahi, TCK\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinin gerek metninde gerekse gerek\u00e7esinde, icraya ba\u015flama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kast\u0131ndan ziyade d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011finin belirtilmesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketlerine ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ba\u015fkaca maddi delile de ula\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131, bu kapsamda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n cinsel duygular\u0131n\u0131 tatmine y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesinin gerekmesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n konutunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7un nitelikli halini i\u015fleme kast\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan icra hareketlerine ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabule yetmemesi, aksinin kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut delil durumuna g\u00f6re ceza muhakemesi hukukunun en \u00f6nemli ilkeleri aras\u0131nda yer alan \u015f\u00fcpheden san\u0131k yararlan\u0131r ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 sonu\u00e7 do\u011furacak olmas\u0131 ve her somut olayda de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterebilen eylemlerin vahametine g\u00f6re temel cezan\u0131n belirlenmesi suretiyle ceza adaletinin sa\u011flanabilmesi hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; belirtilen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flarla kat\u0131lan\u0131n v\u00fccut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l eden san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eyleminin, basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul\u00a0edilmelidir.\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 itiraz\u0131n\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fine ve karara konu olayda nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VI. Ceza Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Ele\u015ftirimiz ve G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz<\/p>\n
Belirtmeliyiz ki, Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu su\u00e7a te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fi konusunda karar\u0131nda do\u011fru bir kriter ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Genel Kurul; kanun koyucunun 765 say\u0131l\u0131 eski Ceza Kanununda icra hareketlerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k bir ifadeye yer vermedi\u011fini, ancak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Kanununda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya icra hareketlerine ba\u015flama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kabul edildi\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanaatimizce de bu tespit do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; Ceza Genel Kurulu, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, failin kast\u0131n\u0131n neye y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re de\u011fil, failin somut olayda d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan hareketlerinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcse elveri\u015fli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun do\u011frudan do\u011fruya icra hareketlerine ba\u015flan\u0131p ba\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re belirleme yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Biz de bu hususa kat\u0131lmaktay\u0131z. Ger\u00e7ekten de TCK m.35 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k lafz\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; bir su\u00e7a te\u015febb\u00fcs edildi\u011finden s\u00f6z edilebilmesi i\u00e7in, failin kast\u0131n\u0131n basit hali mi, yoksa nitelikli hali mi olu\u015fturdu\u011funa bak\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli olmayacak, e\u011fer nitelikli hale te\u015febb\u00fcsten h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulacaksa, failin nitelikli hale uyan elveri\u015fli hareketlerle do\u011frudan do\u011fruya icras\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, ancak d\u0131\u015f bir etken nedeniyle eylemini tamamlayamadan son verdi\u011finin ortaya koyulmas\u0131 ve ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekecektir. Bu konuda koyulan kriter bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ceza Genel Kurulu ile ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015fmaktay\u0131z. Bu nedenle; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n hangi su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye kastetti\u011fi de\u011fil, temel halin mi, yoksa nitelikli halin mi icra hareketlerine do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Burada Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu ile ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz husus; inceleme konumuz olan kararda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hareketlerin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli hareket say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketlerine san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ba\u015flan\u0131p ba\u015flan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Somut olay incelendi\u011finde; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana sald\u0131rarak dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kat\u0131lan\u0131n istemedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek ka\u00e7\u0131p kendisini odaya kilitledi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131 kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mazsan seni \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fim diyerek tehdit etti\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve odada bekledi\u011fi, bir s\u00fcre sonra san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kez hitaben \u201cGel konu\u015fal\u0131m, bu konu kapans\u0131n, kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7arak odadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 birlikte salona ge\u00e7tikleri, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n burada da kat\u0131lana tekrar sar\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun \u00fczerine kat\u0131lan\u0131n odas\u0131na ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle odas\u0131na giremedi\u011fi, yine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n telefonunu da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan\u0131n bu kez banyoya ka\u00e7arak kap\u0131y\u0131 kilitledi\u011fi, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 saat s\u00fcreyle banyoda kalarak a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana hitaben \u201cBen ba\u015fka odaya ge\u00e7iyorum, sen de kendi odana ge\u00e7, ben yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan pi\u015fman\u0131m\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa tekrar inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7arak banyodan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kez elinde bulunan b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131lana do\u011frultarak \u201cBenimle cinsel ili\u015fkiye gireceksin ya da \u00f6leceksin\u201d dedi\u011fi, kat\u0131lan\u0131n korktu\u011fu ve ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak evin d\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 ile odalar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 kilitli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ka\u00e7amad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan\u0131n olay nedeniyle \u00e7ok korktu\u011fu ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in 1. katta bulunan evin mutfak balkonundan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hususlar\u0131n\u0131n sabit oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulu; kat\u0131lan\u0131n balkondan atlamadan \u00f6nceki evrede san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ne \u015fekilde sona erdirece\u011fini ortaya koyma ihtimalinin bulunmamas\u0131, olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisiyle cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmesi i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekle tehdit etmesinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketi olarak edilememesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki teklifinin veya tehdidinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lsa dahi, TCK m.35\u2019in metninde ve gerek\u00e7esinde icraya ba\u015flama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kast\u0131ndan ziyade d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011finin belirtilmesi gerek\u00e7eleriyle, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da ifade etti\u011fimiz \u00fczere; Ceza Genel Kurulunun te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc de\u011ferlendirirken, failin kast\u0131n\u0131n buna y\u00f6nelik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ortaya koymas\u0131 isabetlidir. Ancak bu do\u011fru tespitten yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak, verilen karar\u0131n sonucu hukuken isabetli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Somut olayda fail; basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011findeki fiilleri defalarca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f, ancak bununla yetinmemi\u015f, yaln\u0131zca kast\u0131n\u0131n nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu ortaya koymakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, zaten ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011findeki eylemlerin \u00fczerine, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla elinde bulundurdu\u011fu b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kullanarak, ma\u011fduru cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmekle somut olarak tehdit etmi\u015ftir. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 fiillerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi sonras\u0131nda, ma\u011fduru defalarca kand\u0131rarak su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin hareketlerine devam etmesi, bununla da yetinemeyerek ve eline b\u0131\u00e7ak almak suretiyle kendisi ile cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmedi\u011fi durumda \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fini ma\u011fdura s\u00f6ylemesi fiillerinin, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Netice olarak san\u0131k; somut olayda yaln\u0131zca kast\u0131n\u0131n nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu ortaya koymakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek ad\u0131na b\u0131\u00e7ak kullanarak somut bir tehdide ba\u015fvurmu\u015f ve bunu do\u011frudan ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine ve kabule g\u00f6re; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kast\u0131n\u0131n ve icra hareketlerinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu i\u015flemeye y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu, bunda teredd\u00fct g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi, bu amac\u0131na ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcrl\u00fc yollar denedi\u011fi, en son tehdit ve \u015fiddete ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu, bu maksatla eline b\u0131\u00e7ak almak suretiyle ma\u011fduru kovalad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fdurun kendisini bir odaya kilitlemek ve ard\u0131ndan balkondan atlamak suretiyle can\u0131n\u0131 ve cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabildi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n elinde olmayan sebeplerle icra hareketlerinin yar\u0131da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun da nitelikli cinsel istismar su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcs olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, her ne kadar Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda kriterleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan netle\u015fmese de, sark\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ani ve kesintili hareketler olarak kabul edildi\u011fi, cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n basit halinin ise devaml\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7eren, fakat san\u0131\u011f\u0131n nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131na getirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi\u011fi cinsellik i\u00e7eren davran\u0131\u015flar olarak kabul edildi\u011fi, failin niyeti ve icra hareketlerinden nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan tespitler halinde, bundan ka\u00e7arak kendisini korudu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn gerekti\u011fi, yar\u0131da kalan icra hareketleri ile bunlar\u0131n neticeye yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re TCK m.35\u2019de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza oranlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilece\u011fi, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinden kopuk bir \u015fekilde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerleyen sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda ne yapaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir kesinli\u011fin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrinin benimsenmesi suretiyle basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, aksi halde nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun te\u015febb\u00fcse m\u00fcsait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn gerekece\u011fi, somut olayda icra edilen hareketlerin basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una de\u011fil, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una ait icra hareketleri oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu sebeplerle; inceleme konumuz olan kararda Ceza Genel Kurulunun teorik tespitlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirtmekle birlikte, vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonuca kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, ma\u011fdurun adeta somut olayda can\u0131n\u0131 zor kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde t\u00fcm mercilerin olu\u015fu kabul etti\u011fi \u015fekilde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemlerinin nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n icra hareketleri oldu\u011funu, bu nedenle kararda nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ifade etmek isteriz.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Ersan \u015een<\/p>\n
Av. Cem Serdar<\/p>\n
(Bu makale, say\u0131n\u00a0Prof. Dr. Ersan \u015eEN\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0www.hukukihaber.net\u00a0sitesinde yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak g\u00f6sterilse dahi makalenin tamam\u0131 \u00f6zel izin al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak al\u0131nt\u0131lanan makalenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, aktif link verilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeden k\u0131smen ya da tamamen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u015fahsi haklara ve fikri haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder.)\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I. Karar Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 13.03.2024 tarihli, 2023\/546 E. ve 2024\/118 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131. II. Hukuki S\u00fcre\u00e7 San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda D\u00fczce A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcsten h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmu\u015f, karar\u0131n san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafii taraf\u0131ndan istinaf edilmesi \u00fczerine, Sakarya B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 7. Ceza Dairesince istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. San\u0131k m\u00fcdafii karar\u0131 temyiz etmi\u015f, dosyay\u0131 inceleyen Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi, hen\u00fcz nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unun icra hareketlerinin bulunmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hali ile fiilin basit cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilip bu su\u00e7tan h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken, su\u00e7 vasf\u0131n\u0131n tayininde yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcsten kurulan mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun kabul\u00fc yerine esastan reddedilmesi isabetsizli\u011finden bozulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana birka\u00e7 kez sar\u0131larak dudaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6pmek ve onunla cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmek istedi\u011fini beyan etmek suretiyle kast\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak ve kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan kat\u0131lan\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7akla tehdit ederek, direncini k\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, cinsel davran\u0131\u015flarla do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli hareketlerle at\u0131l\u0131 nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 eyleminin icras\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak kat\u0131lan\u0131n kendisini balkondan atmas\u0131 sonucu kast etti\u011fi eylemi elinde olmayan nedenlerle tamamlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu suretle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u00fccuda organ sokmak suretiyle cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7una te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn etti\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Say\u0131n Daire itiraz\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6rmemi\u015f ve dosya Ba\u015fsavc\u0131 itiraz\u0131n\u0131n …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n