T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
M. K.\u00a0 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2019\/34191)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 24\/10\/2024<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
\u00c7a\u011flar \u00d6NCEL<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Beng\u00fcl BERBER<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, \u00f6zel et\u00fct e\u011fitim merkezi a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmemesi nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 4\/10\/2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinin idari y\u00f6nden yap\u0131lan \u00f6n incelemesinden sonra Komisyona sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
4. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc sunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR <\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ve Ulusal Yarg\u0131 A\u011f\u0131 Bili\u015fim Sistemi (UYAP) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filen bilgi ve belgeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvuru Konusu Dava S\u00fcreci<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucu 8\/2\/2007 tarihli ve 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel \u00d6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6zel et\u00fct e\u011fitim merkezi (et\u00fct merkezi) a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in 1\/9\/2016 tarihinde Mu\u011fla \u0130l Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne (\u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc an\u0131lan talebin incelenmesi i\u00e7in Maarif M\u00fcfetti\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yaz\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f, bu yaz\u0131ya verilen cevapta; et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7\u0131lmak istenilen binada engelli eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in asans\u00f6r\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, faaliyet g\u00f6stermesi i\u00e7in yeterli donat\u0131m\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve binan\u0131n Fethiye \u0130l\u00e7e Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce (\u0130l\u00e7e M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) m\u00fch\u00fcrlendi\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvurucu 27\/9\/2016 tarihinde \u0130l\u00e7e M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sundu\u011fu dilek\u00e7e ile binadaki eksiklikleri gidermek istedi\u011fini beyan ederek m\u00fchr\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir. \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 11\/10\/2016 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda “Et\u00fct merkezi olarak a\u00e7\u0131lmak istenilen kurumun T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devletine ve H\u00fckumetine kar\u015f\u0131 aleni bir kalk\u0131\u015fmada bulunan FET\u00d6\/PDY ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde duyumlar bulunmakta olup, bu nedenle kurumun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan” talebin reddedildi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurucu 9\/12\/2016 tarihinde Mu\u011fla Valili\u011fi (\u0130dare) aleyhinde Mu\u011fla 2. \u0130dare Mahkemesinde (Mahkeme) dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu; dava dilek\u00e7esinde idari i\u015flemin masumiyet karinesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etti\u011fini, et\u00fct merkezini a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in mevzuatta belirtilen t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131 yerine getirmesine ra\u011fmen somut dayanak i\u00e7ermeyen bilgilere itibar edildi\u011fini belirterek i\u015flemin iptaline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir. Daval\u0131 cevap dilek\u00e7esinde; ba\u015fvurucunun daha \u00f6nce Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\/Paralel Devlet Yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 (FET\u00d6\/PDY) kapsam\u0131nda kapat\u0131lan \u00d6zel Fethiye A.F. Dershanesinde \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi nedeniyle et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7mas\u0131na izin verilmedi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Mahkeme 17\/7\/2018 tarihinde davan\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde; ba\u015fvurucunun daha \u00f6nce FET\u00d6\/PDY kapsam\u0131nda kapat\u0131lan bir \u00f6\u011fretim kurumunda \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda Mu\u011fla 2. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinde (A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi) FET\u00d6\/PDY’ye \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7ede, her ne kadar ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131laman\u0131n devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclse de daval\u0131 \u0130darenin bu a\u015famada kamu hizmeti niteli\u011findeki e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetine izin vermemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki dava konusu i\u015flemin hukuka uygun oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvurucu istinaf talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130stinaf dilek\u00e7esinde; dava dilek\u00e7esindeki hususlar\u0131 tekrar ederek, Mahkemenin gerek\u00e7esinde belirtilen soru\u015fturman\u0131n idari i\u015flemin tesis edilmesinden sonra ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle ret karar\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 5. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi (B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi) 18\/12\/2018 tarihinde Mahkemenin karar\u0131n\u0131n usul ve kanuna uygun oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun -temyiz kanun yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere- reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu temyiz talebinde bulunmu\u015f, Dan\u0131\u015ftay Sekizinci Dairesi (Dan\u0131\u015ftay) 13\/6\/2019 tarihinde B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesinin karar\u0131n\u0131n temyiz kanun yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmayan kararlardan olmas\u0131 nedeniyle temyiz talebinin incelenmeksizin reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvurucu, nihai h\u00fckm\u00fc 4\/9\/2019 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve 4\/10\/2019 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
B. Ceza Yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 S\u00fcreci<\/p>\n
14. Ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda 23\/01\/2017 tarihinde FET\u00d6\/PDY’ye \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan iddianame d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinde yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda 2\/10\/2019 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan 1 y\u0131l 6 ay 22 g\u00fcn hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve yasal ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na (HAGB) karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde; ba\u015fvurucunun dershanede g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen sohbet toplant\u0131lar\u0131na ve Zaman gazetesiyle ilgili protesto g\u00f6sterisine kat\u0131lmak suretiyle hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde kalarak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda hareket etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, ba\u015fvurucunun te\u015fhis ve beyanlar\u0131 gere\u011fince etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden faydaland\u0131r\u0131larak cezas\u0131nda indirime gidildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. Ba\u015fvurucu, an\u0131lan karara kar\u015f\u0131 Mu\u011fla 3. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesine itiraz etmi\u015f; yap\u0131lan inceleme sonucunda HAGB karar\u0131n\u0131n usul ve kanuna uygun oldu\u011funun belirlenmesi nedeniyle 25\/11\/2019 tarihinde itiraz\u0131n kesin olarak reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
16. 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
Bir kurumda \u00f6\u011fretime ba\u015flayabilmek i\u00e7in kurum a\u00e7ma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur. \u0130zin ba\u015fvurular\u0131 ilgili mill\u00ee e\u011fitim m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131l\u0131r. Valilik\u00e7e yap\u0131lan inceleme sonucunda a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen okullar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kurumlara kurum a\u00e7ma izni verilir. Valilik\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen okullara ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurular ise kurum a\u00e7ma izni verilmek \u00fczere Bakanl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n
Kurum a\u00e7ma izni talebinin valilik\u00e7e reddedilmesi h\u00e2linde, kurucu veya kurucu temsilcisi taraf\u0131ndan taleplerinin reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin tebli\u011finden itibaren onbe\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde Bakanl\u0131\u011fa itirazda bulunulabilir. \u0130tiraz, Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a onbe\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde karara ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurum a\u00e7ma izni al\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kuruma \u00f6\u011frenci kayd\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
…”<\/p>\n
17. 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 4. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“\u00d6zel \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi kurucular\u0131nda, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi kurucular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131nda, kurucu temsilcilerinde ve personelinde; 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 bir y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle hapis cezas\u0131 ya da affa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olsa bile Devletin egemenlik alametlerine ve organlar\u0131n\u0131n sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, Devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, mill\u00ee savunmaya kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, Devlet s\u0131rlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ve casusluk, zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ve 11\/10\/2006 tarihli ve 5549 say\u0131l\u0131 Su\u00e7 Gelirlerinin Aklanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan ceza almam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 veya haklar\u0131nda bu su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 kovu\u015fturma bulunmamas\u0131, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine ya da Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunca Devletin mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 faaliyette bulundu\u011funa karar verilen yap\u0131, olu\u015fum veya gruplara \u00fcyeli\u011fi, mensubiyeti ya da iltisak\u0131 yahut bunlarla irtibat\u0131 olmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 aran\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 24\/10\/2024 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
19. Ba\u015fvurucu; kamuda atanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 dershanenin FET\u00d6 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 neticesinde i\u015fsiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in talepte bulundu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan talebinin kapat\u0131lan e\u011fitim kurumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve hakk\u0131ndaki ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 nedenleriyle haks\u0131z \u015fekilde reddedildi\u011fini ifade eden ba\u015fvurucu, masumiyet karinesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edildi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu ayr\u0131ca, s\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6\u011fretmenlik lisans\u0131 iptal edilmemi\u015fse de B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesinin karar\u0131 neticesinde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n fiilen ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u0131n hatal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi neticesinde temyiz talebinin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmedi\u011fini vurgulayarak m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n, din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ile kanunilik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
20. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmeyi gerekli k\u0131lan asgari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelenirken ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 davada mahk\u00fbm oldu\u011funun dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte, ba\u015fvurucuya y\u00f6nelik idari i\u015flemin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun oldu\u011fu belirtilerek ba\u015fvurunun incelenmesinde s\u00f6z konusu idari i\u015flemin ulusal g\u00fcvenlik, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131 gibi me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeni i\u00e7in gerekli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte son olarak, ba\u015fvurucunun anayasal haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011fi konusunda yap\u0131lacak incelemede Anayasa ve ilgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder (Tahir Canan, B. No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
1. Uygulanabilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
22. Ba\u015fvurucunun iddialar\u0131n\u0131n, FET\u00d6\/PDY ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7mas\u0131na izin verilmemesine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mesleki hayata y\u00f6nelik bu t\u00fcr tedbirlerin ya da m\u00fcdahalelerin hangi durumlarda \u00f6zel hayat ba\u011flam\u0131nda uygulanabilir oldu\u011fu hususunda belirlenen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler C.A. (3) karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (ayn\u0131 kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 90-96). Ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul edilerek mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmesinin mesleki ve \u00f6zel ili\u015fkilere ciddi etkilerinin olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
23. \u00d6te yandan kamuya atanamayan ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olanaklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki i\u015flemin ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla mesle\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ili\u015fki kurabilme ve geli\u015ftirebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zay\u0131flamas\u0131na, mesle\u011fini devam ettirebilmesi, sosyal ve mesleki itibar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7mas\u0131na izin verilmemesinin \u00f6zel hayat\u0131na dair bilgilere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca fesih i\u015fleminin ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6zel hayat\u0131na ciddi \u015fekilde etki etti\u011fi ve bu etkinin belirli bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Neticede gerek nedene gerekse sonuca dayal\u0131 olarak somut ba\u015fvurunun \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu belirlendi\u011finden an\u0131lan kararda belirtilen ilkelerden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir y\u00f6n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
24. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
3. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
25. \u00d6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik negatif ve pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kesin bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Devlet i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, her durumda \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na keyf\u00ee surette m\u00fcdahaleden ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar. Pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler de \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bireyler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler alan\u0131nda olsa da \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvencelerini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik olaya \u00f6zg\u00fc tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Adnan Oktar (3), B. No: 2013\/1123, 2\/10\/2013, \u00a7 32; \u00d6m\u00fcr Kara ve Onursal \u00d6zbek, B. No: 2013\/4825, 24\/3\/2016, \u00a7 46; Tamer Mahmuto\u011flu [GK], B.No: 2017\/38953, 23\/7\/2020, \u00a7 98).<\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvurucunun et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7ma talebinin \u0130darece reddedildi\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla somut olaydaki hukuki ili\u015fkinin kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi alt\u0131nda \u015fekillendi\u011fi ve ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6zel hayat\u0131na y\u00f6nelen m\u00fcdahalenin kamu kurumunun ret i\u015fleminden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurunun devletin negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. C.A. (3) [GK], B. No: 2018\/10286, 2\/7\/2020, \u00a7 104).<\/p>\n
a. M\u00fcdahalenin Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
27. Ba\u015fvurucunun et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7ma talebinin reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131 mercilerince reddedilmesi ve bu suretle e\u011fitim faaliyetinden al\u0131konulmas\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucunun mesleki hayat\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ret i\u015fleminin sonucu olarak kamusal bir makam taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6zel hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. M\u00fcdahalenin \u0130hlal Olu\u015fturup Olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
28. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.”<\/p>\n
29. Yukar\u0131da belirlenen m\u00fcdahale, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde belirtilen ko\u015fullara uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesini ihlal edecektir. Bu sebeple s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve somut ba\u015fvuruya uygun d\u00fc\u015fen, kanun taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclme, me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131ma, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmama kriterlerine uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekir (Halil Berk, B. No: 2017\/8758, 21\/3\/2018, \u00a7 49; S\u00fcveyda Yark\u0131n, B. No: 2017\/39967, 11\/12\/2019, \u00a7 32; \u015eennur Acar, B. No: 2017\/9370, 27\/2\/2020, \u00a7 34; R.G. [GK], B. No: 2017\/31619, 23\/7\/2020, \u00a7 82).<\/p>\n
i. Kanunilik <\/p>\n
30. Ba\u015fvuru konusu m\u00fcdahalenin 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Me\u015fru Ama\u00e7<\/p>\n
31. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun daha \u00f6nce FET\u00d6\/PDY kapsam\u0131nda kapat\u0131lan bir \u00f6\u011fretim kurumunda \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinde FET\u00d6\/PDY’ye \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak bu a\u015famada ba\u015fvurucunun kamu hizmeti niteli\u011findeki e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetine izin verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
32. \u00d6zellikle kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan idarelerin mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fin ve kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131 ile kamu hizmetinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 durumlarda takdir yetkilerinin daha geni\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil eden mesle\u011fe ili\u015fkin tedbirlerde mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fin ve kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n, kamu hizmetinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma nedeni olarak kabul edilebilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda somut olay \u00f6zelinde \u0130dare taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelen m\u00fcdahalenin s\u00f6z konusu s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedenlerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu suretle me\u015fru ama\u00e7 unsurunu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
iii. Demokratik Toplum D\u00fczeninin Gereklerine Uygunluk ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck<\/p>\n
\u00a0(1) Genel \u0130lkeler<\/p>\n
33. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir. A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirme, s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n amac\u0131 ile bu amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere ba\u015fvurulan ara\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki \u00fczerinde temellenen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yap\u0131lamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmama ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmama bi\u00e7iminde iki ayr\u0131 kritere yer verilmi\u015f olmakla birlikte bu iki kriter bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131 olup aralar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r (Ferhat \u00dcst\u00fcnda\u011f, B. No: 2014\/15428, 17\/7\/2018, \u00a7 45).<\/p>\n
34. M\u00fcdahaleyi olu\u015fturan tedbirin zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in amaca ula\u015fmaya elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131, ba\u015fvurulabilecek en son \u00e7are ve al\u0131nabilecek en hafif \u00f6nlem olarak kendisini g\u00f6stermesi gerekmektedir. Amaca ula\u015fmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmayan veya ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amaca nazaran bariz bir bi\u00e7imde a\u011f\u0131r olan bir m\u00fcdahalenin zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemeyecektir (Ferhat \u00dcst\u00fcnda\u011f, \u00a7 46).<\/p>\n
35. Orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise s\u0131n\u0131rlamayla ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 ile ba\u015fvurulan s\u0131n\u0131rlama tedbiri aras\u0131nda dengesizlik bulunmamas\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k, bireyin hakk\u0131 ile kamunun menfaatleri veya m\u00fcdahalenin amac\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ise di\u011fer bireylerin hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Dengeleme sonucu m\u00fcdahalede bulunulan hakk\u0131n sahibine terazinin di\u011fer kefesinde bulunan kamu menfaati veya di\u011fer bireylerin menfaatine nazaran a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a orant\u0131s\u0131z bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklendi\u011finin tespiti h\u00e2linde orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir sorunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilebilir (Ferhat \u00dcst\u00fcnda\u011f, \u00a7 46).<\/p>\n
36. Ba\u015fvurucunun ifa etti\u011fi g\u00f6revin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitilmesini i\u00e7eren \u00f6\u011fretmenlik mesle\u011fi oldu\u011fu da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretmenlik mesle\u011fi, niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yeti\u015ftirilmeleri ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ile yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik mesle\u011finin muhatap kitlesinin \u00e7ocuklar olmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00f6zetilmesi gereken menfaatlerden birinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yeti\u015ftirilmeleri ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik mesle\u011finin daha \u00f6zellikli bir konumu oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6rev yapanlar\u0131n di\u011fer ki\u015filerin tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabi olmalar\u0131 do\u011fald\u0131r (Z.A., B. No: 2013\/2928, 18\/10\/2017, \u00a7 70).<\/p>\n
37. Buna g\u00f6re \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahale, zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yorsa ya da zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakla birlikte orant\u0131l\u0131 de\u011filse demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun bir m\u00fcdahale olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) \u0130lkelerin Olaya Uygulanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
38. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6zel et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvurunun reddedilmesi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun daha \u00f6nce FET\u00d6\/PDY kapsam\u0131nda kapat\u0131lan bir \u00f6\u011fretim kurumunda \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi nezdinde FET\u00d6\/PDY’ye \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Mahkemenin gerek\u00e7esinde e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetlerinin kamu hizmeti niteli\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
39. 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 4. maddesinde (bkz. \u00a7 17) e\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 kurucu ve y\u00f6neticilerinde aranan \u015fartlara yer verilmi\u015ftir. E\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim kurumu y\u00f6netici ve kurucular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara g\u00f6re kat\u0131 \u015fartlar aranmas\u0131n\u0131n, faaliyetin \u00f6nemi ile y\u00f6netim yetkisinin faaliyet \u00fczerindeki etkisi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde somut olay\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re ola\u011fan say\u0131labilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
40. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucu kararlara dayanak olan kovu\u015fturman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hakk\u0131nda ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funa dair somut bir delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015f ise de ba\u015fvuruya konu olay\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun ifa etmek istedi\u011fi e\u011fitim kurumu y\u00f6neticili\u011finin \u00f6zellikleri ile birlikte de\u011ferlendirmesi gereklidir. Anayasa Mahkemesi C.E. karar\u0131nda, (C.E., B. No: 2016\/436, 12\/9\/2019, \u00a7 64) okullar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar ve gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131 oldu\u011funu, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin de hem ki\u015filikleri hem de ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131 ile bu \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Kararda, bu nedenle \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin geli\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00f6\u011frencilerin hayata bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6rnek ve rol model olmak gibi bir g\u00f6revi de ifa ettikleri vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin kendilerini rol model olarak sunmasalar bile muhatap olduklar\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar ile gen\u00e7lerin onlardan etkilenmelerinin ve onlar\u0131n olumlu ya da olumsuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek almalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenci\/\u00f6\u011fretmen ili\u015fkisinin do\u011fal sonucu olarak her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Et\u00fct merkezinin de bir \u00f6zel e\u011fitim kurumu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde bu kurumlarda y\u00f6netici ya da kurucu olman\u0131n, y\u00f6netim yetkileri de g\u00f6zetildi\u011findee\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetinin \u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin an\u0131lan kararda belirtilen tespitler kapsam\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
41. Buradan hareketle; et\u00fct merkezi ba\u011flam\u0131nda e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim kurumunun ve faaliyetinin a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00f6nemi g\u00f6zetilerek ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ait bir okulda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve hakk\u0131nda ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011finden kovu\u015fturma olmas\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim kurumu a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyen bir unsur olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 kurucular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim yetkisi \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6\u011fretmelerin se\u00e7imi, niteli\u011fini belirlemedeki yetkileri, onlar ve \u00f6\u011frenciler \u00fczerindeki etkisi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u0130dare ve Mahkemenin de\u011ferlendirmelerinin temelsiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ayr\u0131ca idare ve yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda yer verilen ba\u015fvurucunun somut durumuna ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmelerin ba\u015fvurucunun et\u00fct merkezi kurmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir yasak i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi; ba\u015fvurucunun da bu y\u00f6nde bir iddias\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
42. Ayr\u0131ca yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinde ba\u015fvurucunun kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve savunmas\u0131 ile delillerini sunmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmak suretiyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvencelerden yararland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; ba\u015fvurucuya isnat edilen eylemlerin mahiyeti ve ifa edilen g\u00f6revin \u00f6nemi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucuya y\u00f6nelen m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplumun gereklerine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
43. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmedi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u00d6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE Engin YILDIRIM ve Kenan YA\u015eAR’\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde BIRAKILMASINA,<\/p>\n
D. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 24\/10\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, \u00f6zel et\u00fct e\u011fitim merkezi a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmemesi nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu \u00f6zel et\u00fct e\u011fitim merkezi a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in Mu\u011fla \u0130l Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u015fvurmu\u015f, \u0130dare bu talebi “Et\u00fct merkezi olarak a\u00e7\u0131lmak istenilen kurumun FET\u00d6\/PDY ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde duyumlar bulunmakta olup, bu nedenle kurumun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan” gerek\u00e7esi ile reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130darenin bu cevab\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n reddi ve kesinle\u015fmesi ile ba\u015fvurucu s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
4. \u00c7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere somut ba\u015fvuru \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenebilir niteliktedir.<\/p>\n
5. Anayasa uyar\u0131nca temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle kanunla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re de Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde yer alan kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahale \u015fekli anlamda bir kanuna dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 31).<\/p>\n
6. Bununla birlikte temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanunlar\u0131n \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir. Hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kanunun niteli\u011fi yani s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fi ve kesinli\u011fi de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 28\/9\/2022 tarihli ve E.2022\/76, K.2022\/112 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla, 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin 9\/5\/2018 tarihli ve 7141 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 11. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026veya haklar\u0131nda bu su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 kovu\u015fturma bulunmamas\u0131\u2026\u201d ibaresinin, an\u0131lan f\u0131krada yer alan \u201c\u2026personelinde\u2026\u201d ve \u201c\u2026anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibareleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve iptaline karar verilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczenlemeyle \u00f6zel e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak ya da bu kurumlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak isteyen ki\u015filer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan kovu\u015fturma bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n, bu ki\u015filerin an\u0131lan faaliyetlerine engel olmayaca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa Mahkemesinin s\u00f6z konusu karar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda inceleme yaparak kovu\u015fturma bulunmamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kuralla ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amaca, \u00f6zel \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131na al\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ilgili makamlara takdir yetkisi tan\u0131mak ya da ilgili makamlara kovu\u015fturma sonuna kadar bekleme yetkisi vermek, h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda g\u00f6rev yapan personel y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise kovu\u015fturma durumunun i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin ask\u0131da kalmas\u0131 h\u00e2llerinden biri olarak kabul\u00fc gibi daha hafif tedbirlerle ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim buna benzer tedbirlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli meslek gruplar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mevzuatta d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi vurgulanarak, kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamayla ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnken ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan kovu\u015fturma bulunmamas\u0131 \u015feklindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n gerekli, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011funun s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2022\/76, K.2022\/112 \u00a7 9).<\/p>\n
9. Somut olayda, ba\u015fvurucunun et\u00fct merkezi a\u00e7ma talebini reddeden idarece s\u00f6z konusu kurumun FET\u00d6\/PDY ile irtibatl\u0131 oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin duyumlar bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca derece mahkemelerinin kararlar\u0131nda, ba\u015fvurucunun daha \u00f6nce FET\u00d6\/PDY kapsam\u0131nda kapat\u0131lan bir \u00f6\u011fretim kurumunda \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilerek 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 4. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan, \u00f6zel e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kurucular\u0131 ve personeli hakk\u0131nda anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan kovu\u015fturma bulunmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Buna g\u00f6re her ne kadar bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu olan m\u00fcdahalenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihte \u015fekli anlamda bir kanunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmasa da Anayasa Mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da belirtilen iptal karar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda uygulanan kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kanunilik ko\u015fulunu sa\u011flayacak nitelikte bir kapsama ve maddi i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Abdulkadir Tuncay, B. No: 2019\/35343, 30\/3\/2022, \u00a7 50).<\/p>\n
11. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi kanaati ile \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 24\/10\/2024 tarihli ve 2019\/34191 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 M. K.\u00a0 BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2019\/34191) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 24\/10\/2024 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM \u00a0 \u00a0 R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7 \u00a0 \u00a0 Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Raport\u00f6r : \u00c7a\u011flar \u00d6NCEL Ba\u015fvurucu : Vekili : Av. Beng\u00fcl BERBER \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, \u00f6zel et\u00fct e\u011fitim merkezi a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmemesi nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 4\/10\/2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinin idari y\u00f6nden yap\u0131lan \u00f6n incelemesinden sonra Komisyona sunulmu\u015ftur. 4. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 5. B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. 6. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc sunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 7. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ve Ulusal Yarg\u0131 A\u011f\u0131 Bili\u015fim Sistemi (UYAP) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filen bilgi ve belgeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir: A. Ba\u015fvuru Konusu Dava S\u00fcreci 8. Ba\u015fvurucu 8\/2\/2007 tarihli ve 5580 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel \u00d6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6zel et\u00fct e\u011fitim merkezi (et\u00fct merkezi) a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n