\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural<\/p>\n
Dava konusu kuralla, istinaf ve temyize ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih ile uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemece ve sonras\u0131nda istinaf merciince karara ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te istinaf ve temyiz kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenerek de\u011fi\u015febildi\u011fi, bu itibarla davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte temyiz yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n istinaf merciinin karar verdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla temyiz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalabildi\u011fi, bu durumun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131, h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131 ve kanuni h\u00e2kim ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca itiraz konusu kurallarda temyize ili\u015fkin parasal tutar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihin mi yoksa istinaf merciinin karar tarihinin mi esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir belirsizli\u011fin oldu\u011fu, bu suretle kurallar\u0131n hukuki belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkeleriyle de \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi, mahkemeler aras\u0131nda yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n olabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ayn\u0131 tarihte a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde di\u011ferine g\u00f6re daha erken sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olan davalardan biri temyize tabi olurken yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 ge\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lanan di\u011fer davan\u0131n temyiz denetiminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalabilece\u011fi, bu durumun ise e\u015fitlik ilkesini ihlal etti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/p>\n
Kural gere\u011fince istinaf veya temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dava konusunun de\u011fer ve miktar itibar\u0131yla h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal tutarlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde mahkeme veya b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Ki\u015filerin dava konusunu olu\u015fturan alacak ya da mal\u0131n de\u011ferine g\u00f6re dava\/kar\u015f\u0131 dava ya da \u0131slah talebinde bulunabilecekleri a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kanun koyucunun kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmada belirledi\u011fi kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 yarg\u0131laman\u0131n devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7te y\u0131ldan y\u0131la g\u00fcncelledi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda enflasyon nedeniyle ekonomik \u00f6nemini yitiren dava konusu mal ya da alaca\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferinin de enflasyonun olumsuz etkisinden korunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Hukuki ili\u015fkinin do\u011fdu\u011fu, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu olay\u0131n veya hukuki durumun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ya da davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlara g\u00f6re istinafa veya temyize ba\u015fvurulabilecek bir karara kar\u015f\u0131 kural nedeniyle \u00f6zellikle yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal tutarlara g\u00f6re kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131 ortadan kalkabilecektir.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kural gere\u011fince parasal de\u011fer (kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131) g\u00fcncellenirken dava konusu mal ya da alaca\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferinin g\u00fcncellenmemesi nedeniyle enflasyondan dolay\u0131 olu\u015fan k\u00fclfetin tamam\u0131 davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131na y\u00fcklenmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kural kapsam\u0131nda taraflar\u0131n kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuramamalar\u0131 nedeniyle katlanacaklar\u0131 k\u00fclfet ile yarg\u0131laman\u0131n en az maliyetle ve en k\u0131sa zamanda sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kamusal yarar aras\u0131ndaki dengenin taraflar aleyhine bozuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu itibarla ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fckledi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan kuralla h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131s\u0131z ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve iptaline karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
——–<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2023\/182<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/203<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 4\/12\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 30\/1\/2025-32798<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURANLAR:<\/p>\n
1. Adana B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3. Hukuk Dairesi (E.2023\/182)<\/p>\n
2. \u0130stanbul Anadolu 30. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi (E.2024\/165)<\/p>\n
3. Ankara 5. Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi (E.2024\/188)<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na 24\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6763 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesiyle eklenen ek 1. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci ve \u2026 maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar her takvim y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6nceki y\u0131lda uygulanan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n; o y\u0131l i\u00e7in 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Usul Kanununun m\u00fckerrer 298 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her y\u0131l tespit ve ilan edilen yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle uygulan\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci ve 369 uncu maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 10., 13. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Tasarrufun iptali ve alacak davalar\u0131nda itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkemeler, iptalleri i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ek 1. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cParasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
EK MADDE 1- (Ek: 24\/11\/2016-6763\/44 md.)<\/p>\n
\u00a0(1) 200 \u00fcnc\u00fc, 201 inci, 341 inci, 362 nci ve 369 uncu maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar her takvim y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6nceki y\u0131lda uygulanan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n; o y\u0131l i\u00e7in 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Usul Kanununun m\u00fckerrer 298 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her y\u0131l tespit ve ilan edilen yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle uygulan\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmayan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) 200 \u00fcnc\u00fc ve 201 inci maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda hukuki i\u015flemin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 341 inci, 362 nci ve 369 uncu maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) (Ek:7\/11\/2024-7531\/22 md.) \u0130stinaf ve temyiz kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuruda esas al\u0131nan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rda yeniden de\u011ferleme nedeniyle meydana gelen art\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesinin kald\u0131rma veya Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n bozma kararlar\u0131 \u00fczerine yeniden verilen kararlar hakk\u0131nda uygulanmaz, ilk karar tarihinde ge\u00e7erli olan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
1. 341. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c\u0130stinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilen kararlar<\/p>\n
MADDE 341- (1) (De\u011fi\u015fik:22\/7\/2020-7251\/34 md.) \u0130lk derece mahkemelerinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir:<\/p>\n
a) Nihai kararlar.<\/p>\n
b) \u0130htiyati tedbir ve ihtiyati haciz taleplerinin reddi kararlar\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 verilen ihtiyati tedbir ve ihtiyati haciz kararlar\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n yoklu\u011funda verilen ihtiyati tedbir ve ihtiyati haciz kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itiraz \u00fczerine verilen kararlar.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Miktar veya de\u011feri \u00fc\u00e7 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar kesindir. (Ek c\u00fcmle: 24\/11\/2016-6763\/41 md.) Ancak manevi tazminat davalar\u0131nda verilen kararlara kar\u015f\u0131, miktar veya de\u011fere bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) Alaca\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dava edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda \u00fc\u00e7 bin T\u00fcrk Liral\u0131k kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(4) Alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n dava edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda, kararda as\u0131l talebinin kabul edilmeyen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen taraf, istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvuramaz.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(5) \u0130lk derece mahkemelerinin di\u011fer kanunlarda temyiz edilebilece\u011fi veya haklar\u0131nda Yarg\u0131taya ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f olup da b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na giren dava ve i\u015flere ili\u015fkin nihai kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerine ba\u015fvurulabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
2. 361. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cTemyiz edilebilen kararlar<\/p>\n
MADDE 361- (1) B\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi hukuk dairelerinden verilen temyizi kabil nihai kararlar ile hakem kararlar\u0131n\u0131n iptali talebi \u00fczerine verilen kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren iki hafta i\u00e7inde temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Davada hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan taraf da hukuki yarar\u0131 bulunmak \u015fart\u0131yla temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvurabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
3. 362. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cTemyiz edilemeyen kararlar<\/p>\n
MADDE 362- (1) B\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kararlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvurulamaz:<\/p>\n
a) Miktar veya de\u011feri k\u0131rk bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 (bu tutar d\u00e2hil) ge\u00e7meyen davalara ili\u015fkin kararlar.<\/p>\n
b) Kira ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan ve miktar veya de\u011feri itibar\u0131yla temyiz edilebilen alacak davalar\u0131 ile kira ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan di\u011fer davalardan \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k kira tutar\u0131 temyiz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olanlar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere 4 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddede g\u00f6sterilen davalar ile (23\/6\/1965 tarihli ve 634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunundan do\u011fup ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ayn\u0131na ili\u015fkin olan davalar hari\u00e7) \u00f6zel kanunlarda sulh hukuk mahkemesinin g\u00f6revine girdi\u011fi belirtilen davalarla ilgili kararlar.<\/p>\n
c) (De\u011fi\u015fik:22\/7\/2020-7251\/39 md.) Yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi i\u00e7inde bulunan ilk derece mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkisi hakk\u0131nda verilen kararlar ile yarg\u0131 yeri belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin kararlar.<\/p>\n
\u00e7) \u00c7eki\u015fmesiz yarg\u0131 i\u015flerinde verilen kararlar.<\/p>\n
d) Soyba\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan davalar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesine ili\u015fkin davalarla ilgili kararlar.<\/p>\n
e) Yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi i\u00e7indeki ilk derece mahkemeleri h\u00e2kimlerinin davay\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye hukuki veya fiil\u00ee engellerinin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, davan\u0131n o yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi i\u00e7indeki ba\u015fka bir mahkemeye nakline ili\u015fkin kararlar.<\/p>\n
f) Ge\u00e7ici hukuki korumalar hakk\u0131nda verilen kararlar.<\/p>\n
g) (Ek:22\/7\/2020-7251\/39 md.) 353 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi kapsam\u0131nda verilen kararlar.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Birinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendindeki kararlarda alaca\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dava edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda, k\u0131rk bin T\u00fcrk Liral\u0131k kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir. Alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n dava edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, kararda as\u0131l talebinin kabul edilmeyen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131rk bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen taraf\u0131n temyiz hakk\u0131 yoktur. Ancak, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu takdirde, di\u011fer taraf da d\u00fczenleyece\u011fi cevap dilek\u00e7esiyle karar\u0131 temyiz edebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
A. E.2023\/182 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (\u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck) h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR ve Muhterem \u0130NCE\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 6\/12\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural ve s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, bu dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptalleri i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6revine giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikte bulunan kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 369. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda taraflar\u0131n duru\u015fma isteyebilecekleri h\u00e2llere ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131ra yer verilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un ek 1. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde 341., 362. ve 369. maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n istinaf incelemesi a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde temyiz a\u015famas\u0131ndaki duru\u015fma i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 belirleyen 369. maddenin bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. \u00d6te yandan ek 1. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin itiraz konusu \u201c\u2026maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar her takvim y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6nceki y\u0131lda uygulanan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n; o y\u0131l i\u00e7in 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Usul Kanununun m\u00fckerrer 298 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her y\u0131l tespit ve ilan edilen yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle uygulan\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve an\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilecek kararlar ile temyize tabi olamayacak kararlarda parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirleyen 341. ve 362. maddelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmayan \u201c\u2026369 uncu\u2026\u201d ibaresi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli, ortak kurallar niteli\u011findedir. Bu itibarla bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu g\u00f6zetilerek kurallar\u0131n esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin kurallarda yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci\u2026\u201d ibareleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
5. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na 24\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6763 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesiyle eklenen ek 1. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci ve \u2026 maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar her takvim y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6nceki y\u0131lda uygulanan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n; o y\u0131l i\u00e7in 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Usul Kanununun m\u00fckerrer 298 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her y\u0131l tespit ve ilan edilen yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle uygulan\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin an\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan \u201c…341 inci, 362 nci…\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci ve 369 uncu maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn;<\/p>\n
1. \u201c\u2026369 uncu…\u201d ibaresinin itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu ibareye ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
2. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin an\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mda yer alan \u201c…341 inci, 362 nci…\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. E.2024\/165 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
6. An\u0131lan \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 24\/9\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural ve s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
7. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme, 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ek 1. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci ve 369 uncu maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn iptalini talep etmi\u015ftir. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesi a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde temyiz talebinde bulunulabilecek istinaf kararlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 belirleyen an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 362. maddesinin ve temyiz a\u015famas\u0131ndaki duru\u015fma i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 belirleyen 369. maddesinin bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. \u00d6te yandan ek 1. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu \u201c\u2026maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201c\u2026341 inci\u2026\u201d ibaresinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmayan \u201c\u2026362 nci ve 369 uncu\u2026\u201d ibaresi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli, ortak kural niteli\u011findedir. Bu itibarla bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu g\u00f6zetilerek kural\u0131n esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin kuralda yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
9. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na 24\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6763 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesiyle eklenen ek 1. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
A. \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci ve 369 uncu maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan \u201c\u2026362 nci ve 369 uncu\u2026\u201d ibaresinin itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu ibareye ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. An\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci,…\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
C. E.2024\/188 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
10. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 5\/11\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130RME KARARLARI<\/p>\n
A. 2024\/165 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
11. 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na 24\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6763 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesiyle eklenen ek 1. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci,…\u201d ibaresinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n, aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2023\/182 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2023\/182 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 24\/9\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
B. 2024\/188 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
12. 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na 24\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6763 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesiyle eklenen ek 1. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/188 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n, aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2023\/182 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2023\/182 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 5\/11\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
IV. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvuru kararlar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Murat \u00d6ZDEN taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, iptali istenen ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131, bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
14. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 341. maddesinde ilk derece mahkemelerince verilen nihai kararlar ile ihtiyati tedbir ve ihtiyati haciz taleplerinin reddi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 verilen ihtiyati tedbir ve ihtiyati haciz kararlar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n yoklu\u011funda verilen ihtiyati tedbir ve ihtiyati haciz kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itiraz \u00fczerine verilen kararlar\u0131n istinaf incelemesine tabi olaca\u011f\u0131 ancak miktar veya de\u011feri \u00fc\u00e7 bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n kesin oldu\u011fu, manevi tazminat davalar\u0131nda verilen kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 ise miktar veya de\u011fere bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. An\u0131lan maddeye g\u00f6re alaca\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dava edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda \u00fc\u00e7 bin T\u00fcrk liral\u0131k kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir. Alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n dava edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda ise kararda as\u0131l talebinin kabul edilmeyen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen taraf istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvuramaz.<\/p>\n
16. Maddenin (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ilk derece mahkemelerinin di\u011fer kanunlarda temyiz edilebilece\u011fi veya haklar\u0131nda Yarg\u0131taya ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f olup da b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na giren dava ve i\u015flere ili\u015fkin nihai kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerine ba\u015fvurulabilir.<\/p>\n
17. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 361. maddesine g\u00f6re b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi hukuk dairelerinden verilen temyizi kabil nihai kararlar ile hakem kararlar\u0131n\u0131n iptali talebi \u00fczerine verilen kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren iki hafta i\u00e7inde temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir. Davada hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan taraf da hukuki yarar\u0131 bulunmak \u015fart\u0131yla temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvurabilir.<\/p>\n
18. 362. maddede ise temyiz edilemeyecek b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemeleri kararlar\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan verilen miktar veya de\u011feri k\u0131rk bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen davalara ili\u015fkin kararlar; kira ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan ve miktar veya de\u011feri itibar\u0131yla temyiz edilebilen alacak davalar\u0131 ile kira ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan di\u011fer davalardan \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k kira tutar\u0131 temyiz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olanlar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere 4. maddede g\u00f6sterilen davalarla ilgili kararlar; (23\/6\/1965 tarihli ve 634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019ndan do\u011fup ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ayn\u0131na ili\u015fkin olan davalar hari\u00e7) \u00f6zel kanunlarda sulh hukuk mahkemesinin g\u00f6revine girdi\u011fi belirtilen davalarla ilgili kararlar; yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi i\u00e7inde bulunan ilk derece mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkisi hakk\u0131nda verilen kararlarla yarg\u0131 yeri belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin kararlar; \u00e7eki\u015fmesiz yarg\u0131 i\u015flerinde verdi\u011fi kararlar; soy ba\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan davalar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesine ili\u015fkin davalarla ilgili kararlar; yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi i\u00e7indeki ilk derece mahkemeleri h\u00e2kimlerinin davay\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye hukuki veya fiil\u00ee engellerinin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, davan\u0131n o yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi i\u00e7indeki ba\u015fka bir mahkemeye nakline ili\u015fkin kararlar; ge\u00e7ici hukuki korumalar hakk\u0131nda verilen kararlar; 353. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6n inceleme sonunda esas incelemesi yap\u0131lmadan karar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve davan\u0131n yeniden g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in dosyan\u0131n karar\u0131 veren mahkemeye veya kendi yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresinde uygun g\u00f6rece\u011fi ba\u015fka bir yer mahkemesine ya da g\u00f6revli ve yetkili mahkemeye g\u00f6nderilmesine ili\u015fkin kararlar temyiz edilemez.<\/p>\n
19. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca miktar veya de\u011feri k\u0131rk bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen davalara ili\u015fkin kararlarda alaca\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dava edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda, k\u0131rk bin T\u00fcrk liral\u0131k kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir. Alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n dava edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, kararda as\u0131l talebinin kabul edilmeyen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131rk bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen taraf\u0131n temyiz hakk\u0131 yoktur. Ancak kar\u015f\u0131 taraf temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu takdirde, di\u011fer taraf da d\u00fczenleyece\u011fi cevap dilek\u00e7esiyle karar\u0131 temyiz edebilir.<\/p>\n
20. Ek 1. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde 200., 201., 341., 362. ve 369. maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n her takvim y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6nceki y\u0131lda uygulanan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n; o y\u0131l i\u00e7in 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Usul Kanunu\u2019nun m\u00fckerrer 298. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her y\u0131l tespit ve ilan edilen yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. An\u0131lan c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci\u2026\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kurallardan ilkini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kural uyar\u0131nca istinaf ve temyiz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ili\u015fkin parasal tutarlar her y\u0131l yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmak suretiyle uygulanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. An\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda 200. ve 201. maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda hukuki i\u015flemin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 341., 362. ve 369. maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131krada yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci\u2026\u201d ibaresi de itiraz konusu di\u011fer kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla istinaf ve temyiz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar esas al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Bu maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise istinaf ve temyiz kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuruda esas al\u0131nan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rda yeniden de\u011ferleme nedeniyle meydana gelen art\u0131\u015f\u0131n b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesinin kald\u0131rma veya Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n bozma kararlar\u0131 \u00fczerine yeniden verilen kararlar hakk\u0131nda uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131, ilk karar tarihinde ge\u00e7erli olan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
23. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih ile uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemece ve sonras\u0131nda istinaf merciince karara ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te istinaf ve temyiz kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenerek de\u011fi\u015febildi\u011fi, bu itibarla davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte temyiz yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n istinaf merciinin karar verdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla temyiz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalabildi\u011fi, bu durumun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131, h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131 ve kanuni h\u00e2kim ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca itiraz konusu kurallarda temyize ili\u015fkin parasal tutar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihin mi yoksa istinaf merciinin karar tarihinin mi esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir belirsizli\u011fin oldu\u011fu, bu suretle kurallar\u0131n hukuki belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkeleriyle de \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi, mahkemeler aras\u0131nda yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n olabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ayn\u0131 tarihte a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde di\u011ferine g\u00f6re daha erken sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olan davalardan biri temyize tabi olurken yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 ge\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lanan di\u011fer davan\u0131n temyiz denetimin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalabilece\u011fi, bu durumun ise e\u015fitlik ilkesini ihlal etti\u011fi belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 10., 13. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
1. Kanun\u2019un Ek 1. Maddesinin (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Birinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci\u2026\u201d \u0130baresinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHerkes, me\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollardan faydalanmak suretiyle yarg\u0131 mercileri \u00f6n\u00fcnde davac\u0131 veya daval\u0131 olarak iddia ve savunma ile adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d denilerek yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131na davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131 olarak ba\u015fvurabilme hakk\u0131 ve bunun do\u011fal sonucu olarak da iddia, savunma ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendisi bir temel hak niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde di\u011fer temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden gereken \u015fekilde yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan en etkili g\u00fcvencelerden birisidir (AYM, E.2017\/120, K.2018\/33, 28\/3\/2018, \u00a7 17).<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa Mahkemesinin \u00f6nceki kararlar\u0131nda mahkemelerce verilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn bir ba\u015fka yarg\u0131 mercii taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2018\/71, K.2018\/118, 27\/12\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 8-10; E.2020\/21, K.2020\/53, 1\/10\/2020, \u00a7 19; E.2021\/34, K.2022\/21, 24\/2\/2022, \u00a7 18; E.2022\/135, K.2023\/30, 16\/2\/2023, \u00a7 17; E.2023\/36, K.2023\/142, 26\/7\/2023, \u00a7 10).<\/p>\n
26. Bu itibarla h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ilk derece mahkemelerinin verdi\u011fi kararlar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yarg\u0131 mercii taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. \u00d6te yandan an\u0131lan hak kapsam\u0131nda istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun reddine ili\u015fkin kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 bir kanun yolunun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir. Ancak bu durumun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 154. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 merciine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son inceleme mercii olma niteli\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gerekir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n adli yarg\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u00e7tihat mercii olma niteli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
28. \u0130stinaf merciinin ilk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak i\u015fin esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ilk elden karar verdi\u011fi durumlarda ise istinaf merciinin i\u015fin esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bu karar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yarg\u0131 mercii taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesi gerekir (AYM, E.2018\/71, K.2018\/118, 27\/12\/2018, \u00a7 34; E.2023\/36, K.2023\/142, 26\/7\/2023, \u00a7 23).<\/p>\n
29. Bununla birlikte usul ekonomisi ve makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lama ilkeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemsiz say\u0131labilecek baz\u0131 davalarda verilen kararlar\u0131n kesin olmas\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmez (AYM, E.2022\/135, K.2023\/30, 16\/2\/2023, \u00a7 35; E.2023\/36, K.2023\/142, 26\/7\/2023, \u00a7 22).<\/p>\n
30. \u0130tiraz konusu kural istinaf ve temyize ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n her takvim y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere \u00f6nceki y\u0131lda uygulanan parasal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n o y\u0131l i\u00e7in 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un m\u00fckerrer 298. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her y\u0131l tespit ve ilan edilen yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek suretiyle h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
32. Bu kapsamda h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p kurallar keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Esasen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinde kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
34. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un m\u00fckerrer 298. maddesinin (B) f\u0131kras\u0131nda yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131n\u0131n, yeniden de\u011ferleme yap\u0131lacak y\u0131l\u0131n ekim ay\u0131nda (ekim ay\u0131 d\u00e2hil) bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu Yurt \u0130\u00e7i \u00dcretici Fiyatlar\u0131 Endeksinde (Y\u0130-\u00dcFE) meydana gelen ortalama fiyat art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 oldu\u011fu, bu oran\u0131n Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca Resm\u00ee Gazete ile ilan edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
35. Bu itibarla istinaf ve temyize ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n ne \u015fekilde g\u00fcncellenece\u011finin herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
36. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde, hak arama h\u00fcrriyeti i\u00e7in herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte bunun hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan mutlak bir hak oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka maddelerinde yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile devlete y\u00fcklenen \u00f6devlerin \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebi g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131r te\u015fkil edebilece\u011fi kabul edilmektedir (AYM, E.2013\/95, K.2014\/176, 13\/11\/2014; AYM, E.2014\/177, K.2015\/49, 14\/5\/2015).<\/p>\n
37. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biri de makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 141. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cDavalar\u0131n en az giderle ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan s\u00fcratle sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yarg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revidir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle davalar\u0131n makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bitirilmesi gereklili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bu hak gere\u011fince devlet, yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n gereksiz yere uzamas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek etkin \u00e7areler olu\u015fturmak zorundad\u0131r (AYM, E.2013\/4, K.2013\/35, 28\/2\/2013). \u00d6te yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 141. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda davalar\u0131n en az giderle sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hususu da bir ilke olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Usul ekonomisi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu ilke, yarg\u0131lama maliyetinin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fekilde olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu s\u00fcrecin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir (AYM, E.2018\/71, K.2018\/118, 27\/12\/2018, \u00a7 30).<\/p>\n
38. Temyiz ve istinaf parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenmesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin amac\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n enflasyon nedeniyle g\u00fcn\u00fcn ekonomik \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, bu suretle istinaf ve temyiz mercilerinin i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stinaf ve temyiz mercilerinin i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc hafifletilerek davalar\u0131n makul s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ve daha az masrafla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n anayasal a\u00e7\u0131dan me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
39. Me\u015fru amaca y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan kural\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 da gerekir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
40. \u0130stinaf ve temyiz parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenmesinin, an\u0131lan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n enflasyon etkisiyle erimesini, bu suretle istinaf ve temyiz mercilerinin i\u015f y\u00fcklerinin artmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilecek nitelikte bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu konusunda ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla belirtilen parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n her y\u0131l yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, istinaf ve temyiz mercilerinin i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc hafifletilerek yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
41. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 142. maddesinde \u201cMahkemelerin kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve yarg\u0131lama usulleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re kanun koyucu Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n temel ilkelerine ve Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcvence kurallar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak ko\u015fuluyla yarg\u0131lama usullerinin belirlenmesi konusunda geni\u015f takdir yetkisine sahiptir (AYM, E.2013\/4, K.2013\/35, 28\/02\/2013). Kanun koyucunun geni\u015f takdir yetkisini haiz bulundu\u011fu alanlarda anayasal ve kanuni haklar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan ya da ki\u015filere k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyen d\u00fczenlemeler yaparken tercih etti\u011fi arac\u0131n gereklili\u011fi konusunda sorun bulunabilmesi i\u00e7in daha hafif k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyen ara\u00e7 veya ara\u00e7lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p se\u00e7ilen arac\u0131n ki\u015fiye bariz bir bi\u00e7imde a\u011f\u0131r bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fckledi\u011finin de anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (AYM, E.2023\/127, K.2024\/105, 9\/5\/2024, \u00a7 27). Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde istinaf ve temyiz parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenmesinin kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi ara\u00e7lardan oldu\u011fu ve gereklilik kriterini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
42. Bununla birlikte yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131n\u0131n enflasyon oranlar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlendi\u011fi, b\u00f6ylece istinaf ve temyize ili\u015fkin parasal tutarlar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili bu oran\u0131n davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik ve sosyal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyecek derecede oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kuralda hedeflenen me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ile h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama aras\u0131nda makul dengenin g\u00f6zetildi\u011fi ve kural\u0131n orant\u0131s\u0131z bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu itibarla kuralla h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez (ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2022\/135, 2023\/30, 16\/2\/2023, \u00a7 36).<\/p>\n
43. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 36. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. Kanun\u2019un Ek 1. Maddesinin (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131nda Yer Alan \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci\u2026\u201d \u0130baresinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
44. Kural, istinaf ve temyize ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n hangi tarih itibar\u0131yla uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kuralla s\u00f6z konusu parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle ilk derece mahkemesince veya ilk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak i\u015fin esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar veren istinaf merciince aleyhine h\u00fck\u00fcm verilen taraf\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
45. Ki\u015filerin davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte hangi s\u00fcrelerde ve hangi usullerle dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fini, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle mahkemeye ne \u015fekilde ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fini ve bunun ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmesi mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fidir. H\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131 ise yarg\u0131 mercilerince aleyhine karar verilen tarafa bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yolu denetimine ba\u015fvurma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan hukuki belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkeleri gere\u011fince ilk derece mahkemesi veya b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131smen veya tamamen aleyhine karar verilen taraf\u0131n bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurup ba\u015fvuramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fvurma imk\u00e2n\u0131 varsa hangi \u015fartlarda bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak bilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
46. Kural gere\u011fince h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal tutar\u0131n g\u00fcncellenmesinde dikkate al\u0131nan yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un m\u00fckerrer 298\/A maddesi gere\u011fince belirlenmekte, Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca ilan edilmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle denetlenmesi talep edilecek h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihte yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n belirlenmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde bu tarih itibar\u0131yla mahkeme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulup ba\u015fvurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunun herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak belirlenebilece\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n belirlilik ve hukuki \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
47. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n en az maliyetle ve makul s\u00fcrede sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kamusal yarar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla bir k\u0131s\u0131m yarg\u0131sal kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulamamas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda kesinlik ile ilgili parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n belirlenerek bu de\u011ferlerin y\u0131ldan y\u0131la g\u00fcncellenmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilir. Bu itibarla kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nacak parasal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n hukuki ili\u015fkinin do\u011fdu\u011fu, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu olay\u0131n veya hukuki durumun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihe veya uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n herhangi bir a\u015famas\u0131ndaki bir tarihe g\u00f6re belirlenmesi de bu yetki kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ancak buna ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmadan beklenen toplumsal yarar ile davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131n\u0131n kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan menfaatleri aras\u0131nda makul dengenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle kural\u0131n k\u0131smen veya tamamen aleyhine h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulan tarafa a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenmemesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
48. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ek 1. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re 341. ve 362. maddelerdeki parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar enflasyon nedeniyle y\u0131llar itibar\u0131yla \u00f6nemini yitirebilece\u011finden yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellenmektedir. Kuralla kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcm tarihinde ge\u00e7erli olan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
49. Kural kapsam\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm tarihinde ge\u00e7erli olan parasal tutar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalan kararlar\u0131n kesin olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerinin ve Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc azalt\u0131larak davalar\u0131n bir an \u00f6nce sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda kural\u0131n yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en az giderle sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
50. Kanun koyucunun kural kapsam\u0131nda me\u015fru amaca ula\u015fmak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi y\u00f6ntemleri belirlemede takdir yetkisinin bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde hukuki ili\u015fkinin do\u011fdu\u011fu, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi veya davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihler yerine h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki parasal de\u011feri dikkate almas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
51. Anayasa Mahkemesine g\u00f6re, taraflar\u0131n menfaatleri aras\u0131nda enflasyon nedeniyle ya\u015fanan ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak adil bir denge kurulmas\u0131 devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri kapsam\u0131nda olup m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise devletin enflasyon nedeniyle ya\u015fanan ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gerekmektedir (AYM, E.2022\/83, K.2023\/69, 5\/4\/2023, \u00a7 24; Ali Tetik, B. No: 2019\/3214, 6\/10\/2022, \u00a7 50).<\/p>\n
52. Kural gere\u011fince istinaf veya temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dava konusunun de\u011fer ve miktar itibar\u0131yla h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal tutarlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde mahkeme veya b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
53. Ki\u015filerin dava konusunu olu\u015fturan alacak ya da mal\u0131n de\u011ferine g\u00f6re -kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurmada o tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal de\u011ferleri (kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131) de dikkate alarak- dava\/kar\u015f\u0131 dava ya da \u0131slah talebinde bulunabilecekleri a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kanun koyucunun kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmada belirledi\u011fi kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 yarg\u0131laman\u0131n devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7te y\u0131ldan y\u0131la g\u00fcncelledi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda enflasyon nedeniyle ekonomik \u00f6nemini yitiren dava konusu mal ya da alaca\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferinin de enflasyonun olumsuz etkisinden korumas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
54. Zira hukuki ili\u015fkinin do\u011fdu\u011fu, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu olay\u0131n veya hukuki durumun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ya da davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlara g\u00f6re istinafa veya temyize ba\u015fvurulabilecek bir karara kar\u015f\u0131 kural nedeniyle \u00f6zellikle yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal tutarlara g\u00f6re kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131 ortadan kalkabilecektir.<\/p>\n
55. Kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kural gere\u011fince parasal de\u011fer (kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131) g\u00fcncellenirken, dava konusu mal ya da alaca\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferinin g\u00fcncellenmemesi nedeniyle enflasyondan dolay\u0131 olu\u015fan k\u00fclfetin tamam\u0131 davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131na y\u00fcklenmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kural kapsam\u0131nda taraflar\u0131n kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuramamalar\u0131 nedeniyle katlanacaklar\u0131 k\u00fclfet ile yarg\u0131laman\u0131n en az maliyetle ve en k\u0131sa zamanda sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kamusal yarar aras\u0131ndaki dengenin taraflar aleyhine bozuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fckledi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan kuralla h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131s\u0131z ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
56. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 36. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
V. \u0130PTAL\u0130N D\u0130\u011eER KURALLARA ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/p>\n
57. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda kanunun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn belirli kurallar\u0131n\u0131n iptali, di\u011fer kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furuyorsa bunlar\u0131n da Anayasa Mahkemesince iptaline karar verilebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
58. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ek 1. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci…\u201d ibaresinin iptali nedeniyle uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalmayan bu ibareden sonra gelen \u201c\u2026ve\u2026\u201d ibaresinin 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince iptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
VI. \u0130PTAL KARARININ Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RECE\u011e\u0130 G\u00dcN SORUNU<\/p>\n
59. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da bunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, iptal kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar. Gereken hallerde Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu tarih, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.\u201d denilmekte, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu kural tekrarlanmak suretiyle Anayasa Mahkemesinin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
60. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ek 1. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026341 inci, 362 nci\u2026\u201d ve \u201c\u2026ve…\u201d ibarelerinin iptal edilmesi nedeniyle do\u011facak hukuksal bo\u015fluk kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek nitelikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince bu ibarelere ili\u015fkin iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
VII. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na 24\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6763 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesiyle eklenen ek 1. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…341 inci, 362 nci…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan;<\/p>\n
1. \u201c…341 inci, 362 nci…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
2. \u201c…362 nci…\u201d ibaresinden sonra gelen \u201c…ve\u2026\u201d ibaresinin 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
4\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde E.2023\/182 numaral\u0131 dosyada, 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na 24\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6763 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesiyle eklenen ek 1. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…341 inci, 362 nci…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve iptaline, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural Dava konusu kuralla, istinaf ve temyize ili\u015fkin parasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihteki miktar\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih ile uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemece ve sonras\u0131nda istinaf merciince karara ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te istinaf ve temyiz kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenerek de\u011fi\u015febildi\u011fi, bu itibarla davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte temyiz yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n istinaf merciinin karar verdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla temyiz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalabildi\u011fi, bu durumun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131, h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131 ve kanuni h\u00e2kim ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca itiraz konusu kurallarda temyize ili\u015fkin parasal tutar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihin mi yoksa istinaf merciinin karar tarihinin mi esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir belirsizli\u011fin oldu\u011fu, bu suretle kurallar\u0131n hukuki belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkeleriyle de \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi, mahkemeler aras\u0131nda yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n olabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ayn\u0131 tarihte a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde di\u011ferine g\u00f6re daha erken sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olan davalardan biri temyize tabi olurken yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 ge\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lanan di\u011fer davan\u0131n temyiz denetiminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalabilece\u011fi, bu durumun ise e\u015fitlik ilkesini ihlal etti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi Kural gere\u011fince istinaf veya temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dava konusunun de\u011fer ve miktar itibar\u0131yla h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tarihte ge\u00e7erli olan parasal tutarlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde mahkeme veya b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n