ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2023\/67<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/175<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 17\/10\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 9\/1\/2025 – 32777<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130PTAL DAVASINI A\u00c7AN: T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcyeleri Engin ALTAY, \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6ZEL, Engin \u00d6ZKO\u00c7 ile birlikte 132 milletvekili<\/p>\n
\u0130PTAL DAVASININ KONUSU: 18\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63., 90. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
B. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn iptaline karar verilmemesi h\u00e2linde;<\/p>\n
1. 3. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
b. (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c…31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerler,…\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn,<\/p>\n
c. (11) ve (15) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
2. 4. maddesinin (2) ve (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
3. 5. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (1), (2) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
b. (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davetiyle…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
c. (6) ve (7) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
4. 7. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde yer alan \u201c…sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131,…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
5. 9. maddesinin (1), (2) ve (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
6. 10. maddesinin (1) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 7., 10., 13., 17., 35., 38., 45., 46., 56., 63., 87., 135. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
\u0130ptali talep edilen Kanun \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cULUDA\u011e ALANI HAKKINDA KANUN<\/p>\n
Kanun No. 7432<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kabul Tarihi: 18\/1\/2023 <\/p>\n
Ama\u00e7 ve kapsam<\/p>\n
MADDE 1- (1) Bu Kanunun amac\u0131; do\u011fal ve turistik de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahip Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer korunan alanlar ile birlikte jeolojik ve biyolojik varl\u0131klar, su ve benzeri kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, planlanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netilmesi ve denetlenmesi ile Alanda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektir.<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131mlar<\/p>\n
MADDE 2- (1) Bu Kanunun uygulanmas\u0131nda;<\/p>\n
a) Bakan: K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakan\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
b) Bakanl\u0131k: K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
c) Ba\u015fkan: Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
\u00e7) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k: Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
d) Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu: Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k etmek ve tavsiyelerde bulunmak \u00fczere kurulan kurulu,<\/p>\n
e) Ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131: Uluda\u011f Alan planlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girinceye kadar uyulacak esaslar\u0131,<\/p>\n
f) Komisyon: Uluda\u011f Alan Komisyonunu,<\/p>\n
g) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131: Bu Kanuna ekli Harita ve Koordinat Listesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirtilen ve bu Kanun kapsam\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkili ve g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu alan\u0131,<\/p>\n
\u011f) Uluda\u011f Alan planlar\u0131: Bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanan, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, y\u00f6netimi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi, b\u00f6lgede yer alan konaklama ile k\u0131\u015f ve da\u011f turizmi tesislerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, iyile\u015ftirilmesi, yenilenmesi ve geli\u015ftirilmesi, ula\u015f\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri ve altyap\u0131 tesislerinin tasar\u0131m esaslar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi konular\u0131nda hedefleri, stratejileri ve kararlar\u0131 belirleyen her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki planlar\u0131 <\/p>\n
ifade eder.<\/p>\n
Genel esaslar<\/p>\n
MADDE 3- (1) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n kontroll\u00fc giri\u015fini ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak esast\u0131r. Ula\u015f\u0131m, giri\u015f kontrol\u00fc, alan g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, parklanma ve ziyaret\u00e7i merkezlerinde \u00f6denecek olan \u00fccretler ile Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndan faydalanma ko\u015fullar\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir.<\/p>\n
(2) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndaki 21\/7\/1983 tarihli ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununda belirtilen korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lacak her t\u00fcr plan, proje, uygulama, i\u015f ve i\u015flemler, Komisyon kararlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
(3) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulaman\u0131n giderilmesini sa\u011flamak, ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulamaya konu yap\u0131 ve tesisleri y\u0131kmak veya y\u0131kt\u0131rmak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkisindedir. <\/p>\n
(4) Alanda k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve akaryak\u0131t depolar\u0131, sanayi ve benzeri tesisler kurulamaz, madencilik faaliyetleri yap\u0131lamaz, entegre tesislere yer verilemez. Ancak bu Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce 4\/6\/1985 tarihli ve 3213 say\u0131l\u0131 Maden Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca i\u015fletme ruhsat\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f alanlarda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, Uluda\u011f Alan Komisyonunun belirleyece\u011fi kriterlere uyulmak ve uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nmak ko\u015fuluyla kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar korunarak faaliyetler s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
(5) 12\/3\/1982 tarihli ve 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Turizmi Te\u015fvik Kanununun 8 inci ve ge\u00e7ici 12 nci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla Uluda\u011f Alan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki; kamu hizmetlerinde kullan\u0131lan bina ve tesisler, kamu konutlar\u0131 ile Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan veya yapt\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00fcm yap\u0131 ve tesisler hari\u00e7, Hazinenin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetindeki veya Devletin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar, 31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerler, varsa \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm yap\u0131 ve tesisler ile birlikte bu Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine bedelsiz olarak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tahsis edilir. Genel kolluk kuvvetlerine tahsisli veya bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar hakk\u0131nda bu f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n
(6) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda bulunan Hazine ile kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131, kiraya verilmesi, i\u015fletilmesi, i\u015flettirilmesi, \u00f6n izin verilmesi ve \u00fczerlerinde irtifak hakk\u0131 kurulmas\u0131, Devletin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaki yerlerin kiraya verilmesi, i\u015fletilmesi, i\u015flettirilmesi, \u00f6n izin ve kullanma izni verilmesi gibi i\u015flemler Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda yarar g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerin tahsisi, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kiralanmas\u0131, i\u015fletilmesi, i\u015flettirilmesinde Bakanl\u0131k yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
(7) 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a talep edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tahsisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a Bakanl\u0131\u011fa devredilir ve bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n an\u0131lan Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca tahsisi m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(8) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda zilyetlik, imar veya ihya yoluyla toprak kazan\u0131lamaz. Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 2 nci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (B) bendi uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n
(9) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndaki ormanlar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131, korunmas\u0131, yang\u0131n, hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131larla m\u00fccadele 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca fonksiyonel orman amenajman planlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr ve elde edilen t\u00fcm gelirler Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc D\u00f6ner Sermaye b\u00fct\u00e7esine aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndaki yabani a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alanlar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 ile yang\u0131n, hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131larla m\u00fccadelede 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca destek ve i\u015f birli\u011fi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme plan\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(10) Bu Kanun kapsam\u0131na giren orman alanlar\u0131nda; 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun be\u015finci fas\u0131l d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan su\u00e7lar\u0131n takibi ve ayn\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131ndaki koruma hizmetleri orman muhafaza memurlar\u0131nca sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(11) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile alana ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerini yapma, yapt\u0131rma, izin verme ve denetleme yetkisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(12) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda, planlar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hizmet ve faaliyetler ile koruma, y\u00f6netim, i\u015fletme, tan\u0131t\u0131m, spor, e\u011flenme ve dinlenme hizmetleri i\u00e7in gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc altyap\u0131 ve di\u011fer tesislerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda, yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, i\u015fletilmesinde, i\u015flettirilmesinde ve bu i\u015flemlerin ilgili belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile koordine h\u00e2linde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yetkilidir. <\/p>\n
(13) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda turizm tesisi yap\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla tahsis edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer alan turizm tesislerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan personelin sadece konaklama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi ve ya\u015fam kalitelerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla; yard\u0131mc\u0131 hizmet \u00fcnitelerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca personel lojman\u0131 alanlar\u0131 planlanabilir ve tahsis edilebilir.<\/p>\n
(14) Planlar uyar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tesisin, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n koyaca\u011f\u0131 esaslar dahilinde, \u00e7evre sorunu yaratmayacak \u015fekilde, at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma sistemiyle donat\u0131lmas\u0131 vetesisle birlikte bitirilmesi, tesisi yapan kurulu\u015f veya \u015fah\u0131slarca sa\u011flan\u0131r ve kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131n tabii peyzaja uygun \u00e7evre tanzimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n belirleyece\u011fi esaslara g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
(15) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan yerlerdeki ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filere ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tesisleri, onayl\u0131 uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in, gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(16) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa ait ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar Devlet mal\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bunlar aleyhine su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenler Devlet mallar\u0131 aleyhine su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenler gibi cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Orman say\u0131lan yerler kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. <\/p>\n
(17) Bu Kanunda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan h\u00e2llerde 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evre Kanunu, 3\/5\/1985 tarihli ve 3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanunu, 1\/7\/2003 tarihli ve 4915 say\u0131l\u0131 Kara Avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu ile ilgili di\u011fer mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Uluda\u011f Alan planlar\u0131<\/p>\n
MADDE 4- (1) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak uygulamalar, meri planlar ile ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
(2) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekte planlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, yenilenmesi ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi i\u015flemleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu planlar, Komisyonun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Bakan oluru uyar\u0131nca Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a yap\u0131lacak onama sonras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer. <\/p>\n
(3) Uygulamaya y\u00f6nelik imar planlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girene kadar ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, Alan\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7erisinde ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n teklifi, Komisyonun karar\u0131 ve Bakan onay\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer. <\/p>\n
(4) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde haz\u0131rlanacak olan \u00fcst \u00f6l\u00e7ekli plan\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Alan\u0131n naz\u0131m ve uygulama imar planlar\u0131 etaplar h\u00e2linde yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
(5) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda bu Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten sonra ilgili di\u011fer idarelerce yeni plan onaylanamaz.<\/p>\n
(6) Uluda\u011f Alan plan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelik ile belirlenir.<\/p>\n
Komisyonun belirlenmesi, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
MADDE 5- (1) Komisyon, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc uygulamaya y\u00f6nelik karar almaya yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
(2) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge kurullar\u0131 ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge komisyonlar\u0131na verilen yetki ve g\u00f6revler Komisyon taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, Komisyon, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tescili, s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik karar almaya yetkilidir. Sit s\u0131n\u0131r ve derece de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Komisyonun oy birli\u011fi ile ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar do\u011frultusunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
(3) Komisyon a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n
a) \u00dcniversitelerin mimarl\u0131k, \u015fehir planlama\/\u015fehir ve b\u00f6lge planlama, orman m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, hukuk, jeoloji m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, harita m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, \u00e7evre m\u00fchendisli\u011fi ve biyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden lisans e\u011fitimlerini tamamlayarak mezun olmu\u015f, Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6revlendirilecek, alan\u0131nda uzman ve en az on y\u0131l deneyime sahip d\u00f6rt \u00fcye<\/p>\n
b) Bursa Valisi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilecek bir vali yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
c) Bakanl\u0131k Yat\u0131r\u0131m ve \u0130\u015fletmeler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden iki \u00fcye ile K\u00fclt\u00fcr Varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve M\u00fczeler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bir \u00fcye, \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden iki \u00fcye ile Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, alanlar\u0131nda uzman birer \u00fcye<\/p>\n
\u00e7) Bursa B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilecek bir \u00fcye<\/p>\n
(4) Komisyonda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclecek konunun niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re oy hakk\u0131 olmamak kayd\u0131yla ilgili yerel y\u00f6netimler ile kurum ve kurulu\u015flardan uzman \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131labilir. Komisyonun g\u00fcndemiyle ilgili meslek odalar\u0131, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davetiyle toplant\u0131ya g\u00f6zlemci olarak kat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
(5) \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendi uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi iki y\u0131ld\u0131r. Yeni \u00fcyeler g\u00f6revlendirilene kadar mevcut \u00fcyeler g\u00f6revine devam eder.<\/p>\n
(6) Komisyon kararlar\u0131 idari yarg\u0131 yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere kesindir. Kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131, belediyeler ile ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer Komisyon kararlar\u0131na uymak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(7) Komisyonun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul ve esaslar\u0131 ile Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelik ile belirlenir.<\/p>\n
Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulunun belirlenmesi, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
MADDE 6- (1) Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n
a) Alan Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n
b) Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas\u0131ndan bir \u00fcye<\/p>\n
c) G\u00fcney Marmara Turistik Otelciler ve \u0130\u015fletmeciler Birli\u011finden bir \u00fcye<\/p>\n
\u00e7) T\u00fcrkiye Seyahat Acentalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Bursa temsilcisi<\/p>\n
d) Bursa Gen\u00e7lik ve Spor \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ya da yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
e) Osmangazi Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsilcisi<\/p>\n
(2) Gerek g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu toplant\u0131s\u0131na Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daveti ile \u00fcniversiteler, ilgili sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan ve meslek odalar\u0131ndan birer \u00fcye kat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
(3) Dan\u0131\u015fma Kuruluna Bakan onay\u0131 ile ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6revlendirme yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
(4) Ba\u015fkan ayn\u0131 zamanda Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulunun da ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(5) Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k eder ve tavsiyelerde bulunur.<\/p>\n
(6) Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu, y\u0131lda en az d\u00f6rt kez olmak \u00fczere gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00e2llerde Kurul Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ile toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(7) Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulunca bilgi, tecr\u00fcbe ve uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131labilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ki\u015fi veya kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n temsilcileri toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131labilir veya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n
(8) Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulunun g\u00f6revleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul ve esaslar\u0131 ile kurul \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelik ile belirlenir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelirleri ve giderleri<\/p>\n
MADDE 7- (1) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelirleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a) Genel b\u00fct\u00e7eden yap\u0131lacak Hazine yard\u0131mlar\u0131<\/p>\n
b) 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara tahsis edilen veya kiralanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan elde edilen gelirler hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda bulunan Hazine ile kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile Devletin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaki yerlerin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131, kiraya verilmesi, i\u015fletilmesi, i\u015flettirilmesi, \u00f6n izin verilmesi, irtifak hakk\u0131 kurulmas\u0131, kullanma izni verilmesi ve ecrimisil i\u015flemlerinden elde edilen gelirler<\/p>\n
c) Marka ve patent gelirleri<\/p>\n
\u00e7) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurular ve Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a sunulacak hizmetler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nacak \u00fccretler<\/p>\n
d) Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tan\u0131t\u0131m, bas\u0131m ve yay\u0131n gelirleri ile fikr\u00ee m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 gelirler<\/p>\n
e) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndaki i\u015fletme ve faaliyet gelirleri<\/p>\n
f) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a verilecek idari para cezalar\u0131ndan elde edilecek gelirlerin yar\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
g) Yard\u0131m ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar ile sponsorluk gelirleri<\/p>\n
\u011f) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k gelirlerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesinden elde edilen gelirler<\/p>\n
h) Di\u011fer gelirler<\/p>\n
(2) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda et\u00fct, envanter, planlama, proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, m\u00fc\u015favirlik, denetim hizmetleri, jeolojik\/jeoteknik et\u00fctlerin elde edilmesi, tabii kaynaklar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, d\u00fczenlenmesi, imar, \u0131slah ve \u00e7evre tanzimi, \u00f6zel plan ve projelere g\u00f6re yap\u0131lacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyetlerin gerektirdi\u011fi harcamalar<\/p>\n
b) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda, planlar\u0131 gere\u011fince ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00fczerlerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak tesisi ve kiralanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin harcamalar<\/p>\n
c) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda yer alan i\u015fletme, sportif faaliyet, spor ama\u00e7l\u0131 organizasyon, tan\u0131tma, altyap\u0131, \u00fcstyap\u0131, idare binas\u0131, sosyal binalar, ziyaret\u00e7i merkezi, tan\u0131tma merkezi, saha sergileri ve bu t\u00fcr faaliyetlerle ilgili her t\u00fcrl\u00fc harcamalar<\/p>\n
\u00e7) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 hizmetlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u00e7, gere\u00e7, ekipman ve benzeri ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, kiralanmas\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131, onar\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesi ile ilgili harcamalar<\/p>\n
d) Personel, istihdam, temsil ve a\u011f\u0131rlama ile ilgili giderler<\/p>\n
e) Komisyon \u00fcyelerine ait yolluk ve huzur hakk\u0131 giderleri<\/p>\n
f) Demirba\u015f ve t\u00fcketim malzemeleri ile ilgili harcamalar<\/p>\n
g) K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve turizm i\u015fletmecili\u011fine ait giderler<\/p>\n
\u011f) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilen ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulamaya konu yap\u0131 ve tesisleri y\u0131kma ve y\u0131kt\u0131rma i\u015flemleri d\u00e2hil ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n giderilmesini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik i\u015flemler ile ilgili giderler<\/p>\n
h) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili di\u011fer giderler<\/p>\n
(3) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa yap\u0131lacak \u00fccrete tabi ba\u015fvurular ve Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a sunulacak hizmetler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nacak \u00fccretlere ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar, ilgili kurumlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenir.<\/p>\n
Muafiyet ve indirimler<\/p>\n
MADDE 8- (1) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, bu Kanunda ve ilgili mevzuat\u0131nda say\u0131lan faaliyetleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden 2\/7\/1964 tarihli ve 492 say\u0131l\u0131 Har\u00e7lar Kanunu ile 26\/5\/1981 tarihli ve 2464 say\u0131l\u0131 Belediye Gelirleri Kanunu gere\u011fince al\u0131nan har\u00e7lardan ve harcamalara kat\u0131lma paylar\u0131ndan, d\u00fczenlenen k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden damga vergisinden, kendisine yap\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ve yard\u0131mlar nedeniyle veraset ve intikal vergisinden, sahip oldu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla emlak vergisinden ve tapu ve kadastro d\u00f6ner sermaye hizmet bedelinden muaft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(2) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa yap\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc nakd\u00ee ve ayni ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ve yard\u0131mlar ile sponsorluk harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131, 31\/12\/1960 tarihli ve 193 say\u0131l\u0131 Gelir Vergisi Kanunu ile 13\/6\/2006 tarihli ve 5520 say\u0131l\u0131 Kurumlar Vergisi Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde gelir veya kurumlar vergisi matrah\u0131n\u0131n tespitinde, gelir veya kurumlar vergisi beyannamesi \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6sterilmek \u015fart\u0131yla beyan edilen gelirden veya kurum kazanc\u0131ndan indirilebilir.<\/p>\n
(3) Bu Kanunun 7 nci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b), (c), (d) ve (e) bentleri hari\u00e7 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu Kanunda ve ilgili mevzuat\u0131nda say\u0131lan g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili faaliyetlerinden elde etti\u011fi gelirleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iktisadi i\u015fletme olu\u015fmu\u015f say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n
Yasaklar ve cezalar<\/p>\n
MADDE 9- (1) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal de\u011ferleri ile jeolojik\/jeomorfolojik dokusunun, turizm potansiyelinin korunmas\u0131na ve ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik al\u0131nan tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde elli bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131ndan be\u015f y\u00fcz bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131na kadar idari para cezas\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(2) Birinci f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131na girmeyen, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n mevcut durumunu bozmayan ve yap\u0131sal uygulamalar i\u00e7ermeyen konulara ili\u015fkin belirlenecek tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 veya izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyette bulunulmas\u0131 ve spor ama\u00e7l\u0131 organizasyon yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda ise on bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131ndan y\u00fcz bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131na kadar idari para cezas\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(3) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda meri planlar ile ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131lan in\u015fai ve fiziki m\u00fcdahalelerde 3194 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen idari para cezalar\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(4) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde;<\/p>\n
a) 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve 4915 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda yasaklanan fiillerin i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde idari para cezalar\u0131 iki misli art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 74 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen cezalar yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b) 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 112 nci, 113 \u00fcnc\u00fc ve 114 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddelerine g\u00f6re istenecek tazminat ve a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma gideri bir misli art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(5) Bu maddenin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca verilen idari para cezalar\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a uygulan\u0131r. Verilen idari para cezalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 otuz g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde idare mahkemelerinde dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir. \u0130dari para cezalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131 yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 takip ve tahsilat\u0131 durdurmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00c7e\u015fitli h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/p>\n
MADDE 10- (1) 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge kurulu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine, koruma, uygulama ve denetim b\u00fcrolar\u0131 ile \u00e7evre, \u015fehircilik ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine verilen g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
(2) Bu Kanunda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen g\u00f6revlerle ilgili olarak di\u011fer mevzuatta Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yap\u0131lan at\u0131flar Bakanl\u0131\u011fa, Uluda\u011f Milli Park M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan at\u0131flar ise Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(3) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile turizm potansiyeli g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015ftirilen h\u00fck\u00fcm<\/p>\n
MADDE 11- (1) 10\/12\/2003 tarihli ve 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu Mal\u00ee Y\u00f6netimi ve Kontrol Kanununa ekli (II) say\u0131l\u0131 Cetvelin \u201cB) \u00d6zel B\u00fct\u00e7eli Di\u011fer \u0130dareler\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r eklenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\u201c44) Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi b\u00fct\u00e7esi ve di\u011fer i\u015flemler<\/p>\n
GE\u00c7\u0130C\u0130 MADDE 1- (1) Bu Kanunla kurulan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k te\u015fkilatlan\u0131ncaya kadar, Uluda\u011f Milli Park\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu Kanunla Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 olarak belirlenen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Uluda\u011f Milli Park\u0131 M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilgili mevzuat\u0131na g\u00f6re faaliyetlerine devam eder.<\/p>\n
(2) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 2023 mali y\u0131l\u0131 harcamalar\u0131, yeni bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esinde yer alan \u00f6deneklerden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(3) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak bu Kanunla Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa devredilen yetki ve g\u00f6revler kapsam\u0131nda kalan ve Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce ilgili idarelerce s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015fler, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k te\u015fkilat\u0131 kuruluncaya kadar bu idarelerce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k te\u015fkilat\u0131 kuruldu\u011fu tarih itibar\u0131yla bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ilgili idarelerce hak, alacak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa devredilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(4) \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa devredilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden dolay\u0131 ilgili idarelerce taraf olunan davalar, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 ile ilgili k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge kurulu kararlar\u0131 ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge komisyonu kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar ile ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan takiplerde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k kendili\u011finden taraf s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ili\u015fkin olarak bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden \u00f6nce ilgili idarelerce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015f ve i\u015flemler sebebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lacak dava ve takipler Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6neltilir.<\/p>\n
(5) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131na ili\u015fkin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev alan\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ar\u015fiv belgesi ilgili kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bu Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n
(6) Bu Kanunun uygulanmas\u0131na dair y\u00f6netmelikler, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip en ge\u00e7 bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulur.<\/p>\n
(7) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde meri t\u00fcm planlar\u0131n uygulamas\u0131, ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131 belirlenene kadar devam eder. Ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi ile meri planlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 durdurulur. \u00dcst \u00f6l\u00e7ek planlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde uygulanmas\u0131 durdurulmu\u015f olan mevcut planlar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a incelenerek Komisyonun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulabilir.<\/p>\n
(8) Bu Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Uluda\u011f Alan planlar\u0131, ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesini takiben iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Komisyona sunulur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/p>\n
MADDE 12- (1) Bu Kanun yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fctme<\/p>\n
MADDE 13- (1) Bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gere\u011fince Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR ve Muhterem \u0130NCE\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 5\/4\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurma talebinin esas inceleme a\u015famas\u0131nda karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131na OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a02. Dava dilek\u00e7esi ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r \u0130smail Emrah PERDEC\u0130O\u011eLU taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, dava konusu kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten ve 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca 25\/9\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakan\u0131 Mehmet Nuri ERSOY ile birlikte Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Nadir ALPASLAN, Hukuk Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Muharrem EL\u0130\u015e, Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 Ne\u015fe \u00c7ILDIK ve El\u00e7in \u015e\u0130M\u015eEK \u00d6NC\u00dc, Birim Sorumlusu Onur MERAL, Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 B\u00fclent \u00c7\u0131nar \u00c7AVU\u015e ve teknik destek vermek \u00fczere kat\u0131lan Murat DEM\u0130REL\u2019in s\u00f6zl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 dinlendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Kanun\u2019un T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130ncelenmesi <\/p>\n
1. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
3. Dava konusu 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cAma\u00e7 ve kapsam\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1. maddesine g\u00f6re bu Kanun; Kanun\u2019a ekli Harita ve Koordinat Listesi\u2019nde s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirtilen do\u011fal ve turistik de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahip Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer korunan alanlar ile birlikte jeolojik ve biyolojik varl\u0131klar, su ve benzeri kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, planlanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netilmesi ve denetlenmesi ile bu alanda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n d\u00fczenlemesi amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesinde tan\u0131mlar, 3. maddesinde Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda uygulanacak genel esaslar, 4. maddesinde Uluda\u011f alan planlar\u0131, 5. maddesinde Uluda\u011f Alan Komisyonunun (Komisyon) belirlenmesi, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131, 6. maddesinde Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulunun belirlenmesi, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131, 7. maddesinde Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k) gelirleri ve giderleri, 8. maddesinde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mali y\u00f6nden tabi oldu\u011fu muafiyet ve indirimler, 9. maddesinde Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda uygulanan yasak ve cezalar, 10. maddesinde 21\/7\/1983 tarihli ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda kalan g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclme \u015fekli ile Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi usul\u00fc, 11. maddesinde 10\/12\/2003 tarihli ve 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu Mal\u00ee Y\u00f6netimi ve Kontrol Kanunu\u2019na ekli (II) say\u0131l\u0131 Cetvel\u2019de de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapan h\u00fck\u00fcm, 12. maddesinde Kanun\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihi ve 13. maddesinde y\u00fcr\u00fctecek makam d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. An\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmler birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde Kanun\u2019un temel konusunun do\u011fal ve turistik \u00f6neme sahip Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n dokusunun ve do\u011fal kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi ve y\u00f6netilmesi bi\u00e7imindeki kamu hizmetinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde uygulanacak usul ve esaslar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi, bunlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan sorumlu idari birimlerin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve g\u00f6revleri ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usullerinin belirlenmesi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
6. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; Uluda\u011f Mill\u00ee Park\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da tasarrufta bulunulmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan dava konusu Kanun\u2019un kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekonomik \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla bu yerin tahrip edilmesine yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bu alan\u0131n turizm amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik idari i\u015flemleri iptal eden yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle ge\u00e7ersiz h\u00e2le getirildi\u011fi, Kanun\u2019un ayr\u0131ca tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile \u00e7evrenin, ormanlar ile k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu \u00e7evre hukukuna ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalarla ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi belirtilerek Kanun\u2019un t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63., 90. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devleti eylem ve i\u015flemleri hukuka uygun, insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131, bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, her alanda adil bir hukuk d\u00fczeni kurup bunu geli\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayan, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 durum ve tutumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nan, hukuk kurallar\u0131yla kendini ba\u011fl\u0131 sayan ve yarg\u0131 denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k olan devlettir.<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi gere\u011fince kanunlar kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesinin kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kamu yarar\u0131 genel bir ifadeyle bireysel, \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlardan ayr\u0131 ve bunlara \u00fcst\u00fcn olan toplumsal yarar\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Kanunun ama\u00e7 \u00f6gesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019ya uygun say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda kamu yarar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir amac\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Kanunun kamu yarar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ama\u00e7la yaln\u0131z \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar i\u00e7in veya yaln\u0131zca belirli ki\u015filerin yarar\u0131na olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131labiliyorsa ama\u00e7 unsuru bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n
9. Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde kural\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesindeki kamu yarar\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n isabetli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil incelenen kural\u0131n ihdas\u0131nda kamu yarar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda belirli bireylerin ya da gruplar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilip g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011fi incelenir. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla bir kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenirken kamu yarar\u0131 konusunda Anayasa Mahkemesinin yapaca\u011f\u0131 inceleme, yaln\u0131zca kural\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n denetimiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un genel gerek\u00e7esinde \u201cBu Kanun ile; do\u011fal ve turistik de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahip Uluda\u011f b\u00f6lgesinin, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer korunan alanlar ile birlikte kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve turizm potansiyelinin geli\u015ftirilmesi hedefleri do\u011frultusunda, alam b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ele al\u0131p planlamak, farkl\u0131 kurumlara ait planlama yetkilerini tek bir kurumda toplayarak bug\u00fcne kadar bu konuda ya\u015fanan yetki karma\u015fas\u0131m ortadan kald\u0131rmak, alan\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede etkin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretebilmek, potansiyel arz eden ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te hayata ge\u00e7irilecek kayak alanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ele almak, alan\u0131n Bursa \u015fehir merkeziyle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, konaklamak turistler ile g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik ziyaret\u00e7ilerin alandan faydalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir sistem dahilinde hayata ge\u00e7irmek ve bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun haline gelmi\u015f olan ula\u015f\u0131m ve otopark organizasyonu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ihtiya\u00e7 arz eden teknik altyap\u0131 eksikliklerinin yeniden tan\u0131mlanarak sorunlar\u0131n tek elden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak, gerekti\u011finde yerel y\u00f6netimler ve di\u011fer kurumlarla koordinasyon sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n belirlenmesi ve bu Alanda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerin d\u00fczenlenmesi ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Kanun\u2019un do\u011fal ve turistik de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi, koruma kullanma dengesi dikkate al\u0131narak alana y\u00f6nelik olarak \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6netim rejiminin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda alanda daha \u00f6nce ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f yetki karma\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi amac\u0131yla kabul edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla Kanun\u2019un kamu yarar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Kanun\u2019un uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011fi hususu ise yerindeli\u011fe ili\u015fkin olup anayasa yarg\u0131s\u0131 denetiminin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenle Kanun, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirme kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 90. maddesiyle ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. Kanun\u2019un 3. Maddesinin (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n, (5) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Birinci C\u00fcmlesinin \u201c…31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerler,…\u201d B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, (11) ve (15) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
a. Anlam ve Kapsam <\/p>\n
13. \u00dclkemiz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda bulunan korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlar\u0131, bunlara y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lacak i\u015flem ve faaliyetlerin d\u00fczenlenmesi, bu konuda gerekli ilke ve uygulama kararlar\u0131n\u0131 alacak te\u015fkilat\u0131n kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleri 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu kapsamda an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinde korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. Dava konusu kuralla, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda olup 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lacak her t\u00fcr plan, proje, uygulama, i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerin Komisyon kararlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinde Komisyonun olu\u015fumu belirlenmi\u015f, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge kurullar\u0131 ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge komisyonlar\u0131na verilen yetki ve g\u00f6revlerin Komisyon taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, Komisyonun bu alan i\u00e7inde do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tescili, s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik kararlar\u0131 almaya yetkili oldu\u011fu, sit s\u0131n\u0131r ve derece de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin Komisyonun oybirli\u011fi ile ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar do\u011frultusunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re Komisyon \u00fcniversitelerin mimarl\u0131k, \u015fehir planlama\/\u015fehir ve b\u00f6lge planlama, orman m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, hukuk, jeoloji m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, harita m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, \u00e7evre m\u00fchendisli\u011fi ve biyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden lisans e\u011fitimlerini tamamlayarak mezun olmu\u015f, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6revlendirilecek, alan\u0131nda uzman ve en az on y\u0131l deneyime sahip d\u00f6rt \u00fcye; Bursa Valisi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilecek bir vali yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131; Bakanl\u0131k Yat\u0131r\u0131m ve \u0130\u015fletmeler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden iki \u00fcye ile K\u00fclt\u00fcr Varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve M\u00fczeler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bir \u00fcye, \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden iki \u00fcye ile Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden alanlar\u0131nda uzman birer \u00fcye ve Bursa B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilecek bir \u00fcye olmak \u00fczere on \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcyeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcyelerin g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi an\u0131lan maddenin (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca iki y\u0131l olup yeni \u00fcyeler g\u00f6revlendirilene kadar mevcut \u00fcyelerin g\u00f6revi devam edecektir.<\/p>\n
17. Maddenin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re Komisyonun, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclecek konunun niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re oy hakk\u0131 olmamak kayd\u0131yla ilgili yerel y\u00f6netimler ile kurum ve kurulu\u015flardan uzman \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131labilme yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcndemle ilgili meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daveti \u00fczerine g\u00f6zlemci olarak toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca Komisyon kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 idari yarg\u0131 yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olup bu kararlara, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, belediyelerin ve ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin uymas\u0131 zorunludur. (7) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada ise Komisyonun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul ve esaslar\u0131 ile Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
18. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kural\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc plan, proje, uygulama i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi hususundaki yetkinin alan\u0131nda uzman ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma B\u00f6lge Kurullar\u0131n\u0131n ve Komisyonlar\u0131 yerine yeterlili\u011fi ve uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan, karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin i\u015fleyi\u015fi dahi belirli olmayan Komisyona b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131la\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na, yeni yollar ve otoparklar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle bitki ve canl\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tahrip edilmesine neden olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 63. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 63. maddesinde \u201cDevlet, tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, bu ama\u00e7la destekleyici ve te\u015fvik edici tedbirleri al\u0131r.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re devletin tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama ve bu ama\u00e7la destekleyici ve te\u015fvik edici tedbirleri alma \u00f6devi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. Kural, kapsam\u0131nda yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin plan, proje, uygulama, i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden sorumlu idari birimi belirlemektedir. Kuralda bu varl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik olarak yap\u0131lacak uygulama ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek i\u015flemleri 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvencelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakan bir y\u00f6n bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. Ayr\u0131ca Komisyonun yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00fcyelerinin niteli\u011fi ile an\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek sit s\u0131n\u0131r ve derece de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin Komisyonun oybirli\u011fiyle al\u0131nan karar do\u011frultusunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi ve Komisyon kararlar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131 denetimine tabi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Komisyonun, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda bulunan k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fi faaliyetlerinin devletin tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama \u015feklindeki pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
22. \u00d6te yandan 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un amac\u0131 ve Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal ve turistik olarak ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kuralla bu yerde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin kanun koyucunun takdirinde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 63. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. (5) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kran\u0131n Birinci C\u00fcmlesinin \u201c…31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerler,…\u201d B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n
a. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
24. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde 12\/3\/1982 tarihli ve 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Turizmi Te\u015fvik Kanunu\u2019nun 8. ve ge\u00e7ici 12. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki kamu hizmetlerinde kullan\u0131lan bina ve tesisler, kamu konutlar\u0131 ile Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan veya yapt\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00fcm yap\u0131 ve tesisler hari\u00e7, Hazinenin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetindeki veya devletin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n, 31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerlerin, varsa \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm yap\u0131 ve tesisler ile birlikte 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine bedelsiz olarak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tahsis edilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan c\u00fcmlenin \u201c\u202631\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerler,\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. Bu itibarla kuralla, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerlerin, varsa \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm yap\u0131 ve tesisler ile birlikte 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine bedelsiz olarak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tahsis edilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
26. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda bedelsiz olarak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tahsis edilebilecek yerlerle ilgili istisna kapsamda olan yerler ise 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 8. ve ge\u00e7ici 12. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu Kanun\u2019un 8. maddesinde k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve turizm koruma ve geli\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri ve turizm merkezlerinde bulunan ve Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yarar g\u00f6r\u00fclen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n Bakanl\u0131\u011fa tahsis usul\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
27. Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 12. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da s\u00f6z konusu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce mevzuat\u0131 uyar\u0131nca orman say\u0131lan alanlar ve mill\u00ee parklar \u00fczerinde, turizm yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek amac\u0131yla Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca konaklama ve k\u0131\u015f turizm merkezlerindeki g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik ile mekanik tesis hatt\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 yap\u0131lan kiralama s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ile \u00f6n izin ve kesin izin verilen, bu izne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca irtifak hakk\u0131 tesis edilen veya kullanma izni verilen yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ve i\u015fletmecilerin s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin Kanun\u2019un 8. maddesine g\u00f6re uyarlanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
28. Bu itibarla k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve turizm koruma ve geli\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri ve turizm merkezlerinde bulunan ve Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yarar g\u00f6r\u00fclerek Bakanl\u0131\u011fa tahsis edilen yerler ile ge\u00e7ici 12. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca 8. maddeye uyarlanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere konu yerlerin kural kapsam\u0131nda olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle bu yerlerin kural uyar\u0131nca Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine bedelsiz olarak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tahsis edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
29. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kural\u0131n orman ve mill\u00ee park stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki yerler \u00fczerindeki tasarruf yetkisini Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verdi\u011fi, bu durumun s\u00f6z konusu yerler \u00fczerinde 6831 ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f ve trampa da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, kullanma, kiralama, intifa veya irtifak haklar\u0131 tesis etme yetkisinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furdu\u011fu, kuralda bu yerlere tesis ve in\u015faat yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu y\u00f6nde bir karar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hukukilik denetiminin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, yaln\u0131zca idari dava yoluna gidilebilece\u011fi, bu suretle kanuni g\u00fcvencelerin ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131l\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu <\/p>\n
30. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56. maddesinin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda \u201cHerkes, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\/ \u00c7evreyi geli\u015ftirmek, \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve \u00e7evre kirlenmesini \u00f6nlemek Devletin ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6devidir.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re \u00e7evrenin geli\u015ftirilmesi, \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve \u00e7evre kirlenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik tedbirleri almak devletin temel \u00f6devlerindendir. Devlet, \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in etkili bir hukuk d\u00fczeni olu\u015fturmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kabul edilen 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evre Kanunu ile s\u00f6z konusu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yasal zemini olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
\u00a031. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 169. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cDevlet, ormanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve sahalar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli kanunlar\u0131 koyar ve tedbirleri al\u0131r. Yanan ormanlar\u0131n yerinde yeni orman yeti\u015ftirilir, bu yerlerde ba\u015fka \u00e7e\u015fit tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lamaz. B\u00fct\u00fcn ormanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zetimi Devlete aittir.\u201d, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise \u201cOrmanlara zarar verebilecek hi\u00e7bir faaliyet ve eyleme m\u00fcsaade edilemez.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca devlete y\u00fcklenen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri yerine getirmek amac\u0131yla da 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kabul edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
32. Kural, kapsam\u0131nda yer alan yerlerin y\u00f6netim ve denetiminden sorumlu idari birimi belirlemektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural, yap\u0131lacak uygulama ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek i\u015flemler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu yerleri ilgili yasal mevzuatta \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcvence ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalardan muaf tutmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Bu itibarla kurala konu Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n ormanlar\u0131n, tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak ilgili kanunlarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcvenceler kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n devletin \u00e7evre hakk\u0131 ile ormanlar\u0131n, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
34. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
3. (11) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
a. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
35. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile alana ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerini yapma, yapt\u0131rma, izin verme ve denetleme yetkisi tan\u0131yan kural\u0131n sportif faaliyetin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle belirsiz oldu\u011fu, bu belirsizli\u011fin idareye s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve geni\u015f bir takdir yetkisi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 13. ve 17. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
i. \u201c…yapt\u0131rma, izin verme…\u201d \u0130baresi<\/p>\n
36. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
37. Kural, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile bu alana ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerini yapt\u0131rma ve faaliyetlere izin verme yetkisinin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131kta oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n
38. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 48. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsler kurmak serbesttir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc herkes y\u00f6n\u00fcnden g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, her ger\u00e7ek veya \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fisinin tercih etti\u011fi alanda iktisadi-ticari faaliyette bulunmak \u00fczere te\u015febb\u00fcs kurabilmesini, diledi\u011fi mesleki faaliyete girebilmesini ve faaliyetiyle mesle\u011fini devletin veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin m\u00fcdahalesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n diledi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fctebilmesini ifade etmektedir (AYM, E.2015\/34, K.2015\/48, 13\/5\/2015).<\/p>\n
39. Kural kapsam\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen yetkiyle te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
40. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
41. Anayasa Mahkemesinin s\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
42. Esasen temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan olan hukuki belirlilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
43. Kural uyar\u0131nca Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 herhangi bir sportif faaliyet ile bu alana ili\u015fkin herhangi bir i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetinin yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu faaliyetlere izin verilmesi yetkisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilmi\u015f bulunmakla birlikte faaliyetleri yapt\u0131rma ve bunlara izin vermeye ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslara dair herhangi bir yasal d\u00fczenleme mevcut de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 herhangi bir sportif faaliyet ile alana ili\u015fkin olarak herhangi bir i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetini yapt\u0131rmak ya da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in hangi nitelik ya da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerin aranaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f, bu konudaki takdir t\u00fcm\u00fcyle Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
44. Bu itibarla kuralla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 herhangi bir sportif faaliyet ile alana ili\u015fkin herhangi bir i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetinin yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da bu t\u00fcr bir faaliyete izin verilmesi konusundaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere ili\u015fkin yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve belirlenmeksizin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131 belirli olmayan bir yetki tan\u0131nmas\u0131 te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ilkesiyle \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki bir karar i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2020\/30, K.2023\/12, 25\/1\/2023, \u00a7\u00a7 168-173).<\/p>\n
45. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 48. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 48. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirme kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 48. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. F\u0131kran\u0131n Kalan K\u0131sm\u0131<\/p>\n
46. Kuralla, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile bu alana ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerini yapma ve denetleme yetkisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
47. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u201chukuk devletinin\u201d temel ilkelerinden biri belirliliktir. Belirlilik ilkesi yaln\u0131zca yasal belirlili\u011fi de\u011fil daha geni\u015f anlamda hukuki belirlili\u011fi de ifade etmektedir. Hukuki belirlilik ilkesinde as\u0131l olan, bir hukuk normunun uygulanmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n o hukuk d\u00fczeninde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yasal d\u00fczenlemeye dayan\u0131larak eri\u015filebilir, bilinebilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla yarg\u0131sal i\u00e7tihatlar ile de hukuki belirlilik sa\u011flanabilir. As\u0131l olan, muhtemel muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n mevcut \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda belirli bir i\u015flemin ne t\u00fcr sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmelerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacak bir normun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
48. Hukuk devleti ilkesinin unsurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkesi ki\u015filerin hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7larken belirlilik ilkesi ise d\u00fczenlenen konudan yaln\u0131z kavram, ad ve kurum olarak s\u00f6z edilmesini de\u011fil bunlar\u0131n kanun metninde kuralla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar. Kuralla\u015ft\u0131rma ise d\u00fczenlenen alanda temel ilkelerin konulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7er\u00e7evenin \u00e7izilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemelerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 kanunda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu olmay\u0131p incelenen kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kanunlar ya da ba\u015fka kanunlarla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da belirlilik ilkesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeterlidir (AYM, E.2020\/11, K.2023\/98, 18\/5\/2023, \u00a7 125).<\/p>\n
49. Kuralla, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131ndaki turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile bu alana ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve denetlenmesi hususundaki i\u015f ve i\u015flemler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli mevzuattan farkl\u0131 bir uygulaman\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenemez. Kural, esasen Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda bu i\u015f ve i\u015flemler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkili idari birimi bu alan\u0131n y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k olarak belirlemektedir. Bu itibarla kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yetkinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve belirsiz nitelikte oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
50. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN ve Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 17. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. (15) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
a. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
51. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; Uluda\u011f alan\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n imar plan\u0131na uygun projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yetki tan\u0131yan dava konusu kuralda kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edilmesi imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bu yetkinin gerekli ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. ve 46. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
52. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
53. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\/ Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve parayla de\u011ferlendirilebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2015\/39, K.2015\/62, 1\/7\/2015, \u00a7 20). Kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu hususunda teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
54. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiye ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve tasarruf etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/87, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 32). Bu ba\u011flamda malikin m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkilerinden herhangi birinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 veya m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama olu\u015fturur (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 53).<\/p>\n
55. Dava konusu kuralla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan yerlerdeki ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filere ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tesislerin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
56. Kuralla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda i\u00e7inde kalan yerlerdeki ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filere ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tesisin, onayl\u0131 uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yetkisinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n hangi y\u00f6ntemle yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olarak belirlendi\u011fi, kural\u0131n kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na meydan verecek bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
57. Anayasa’n\u0131n 35. maddesi uyar\u0131nca m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilmektedir. Toplum yarar\u0131, ortak \u00e7\u0131kar, genel yarar gibi birbirinin yerine kullan\u0131lan kavramlarla ifade edilen ve bireysel \u00e7\u0131kardan farkl\u0131 onun \u00fcst\u00fcnde ortak bir yarar olan kamu yarar\u0131 genel yarar ve toplumsal yarar gibi ifadeleri de kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015f yorumlanmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.1999\/46, K.2000\/25, 20\/09\/2000). Kamu yarar\u0131 kavram\u0131, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi durumlarda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131 vermekle bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama amac\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rerek ve bu anlamda bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olu\u015fturarak m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde korumaktad\u0131r (Yunis A\u011flar, B. No: 2013\/1239, 20\/3\/2014, \u00a7 28).<\/p>\n
58. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cDevlet ve kamu t\u00fczelki\u015fileri; kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi hallerde, ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015fin \u00f6demek \u015fart\u0131yla, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyette bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, kanunla g\u00f6sterilen esas ve usullere g\u00f6re, kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve bunlar \u00fczerinde idar\u00ee irtifaklar kurmaya yetkilidir.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
59. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve temel \u00f6gesinin kamu yarar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n malikin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6denmek \u015fart\u0131yla devlet taraf\u0131ndan sona erdirilmesi suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6zel bir m\u00fcdahale bi\u00e7imidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan kaynakl\u0131 m\u00fcdahalelerin de kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
60. Kuralla, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma yetkisi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuralda bu yetkinin kullan\u0131labilmesi Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda onayl\u0131 uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi haiz Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yetkisi veren kural\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flama ve b\u00f6ylece bu yerin 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ama\u00e7lar\u0131yla uyumlu olarak y\u00f6netilmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
61. Di\u011fer yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi uyar\u0131nca s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi ise elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
62. Kural uyar\u0131nca Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filere ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n gerekti\u011finde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yetkisini haizdir. Bu yetkiyi tan\u0131yan kural\u0131n, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini ve b\u00f6ylece bu yerin 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ama\u00e7lar\u0131yla uyumlu olarak y\u00f6netilmesini sa\u011flama amac\u0131na katk\u0131 sunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu nedenle kural kapsam\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen yetki ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen me\u015fru ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filere ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka daha hafif bir ara\u00e7la istenen amaca ula\u015f\u0131labilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011finden s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011fu da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
63. Kuralda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019da kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemler, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin hesaplanmas\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi, taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n usulleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla kural kapsam\u0131nda 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131narak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin, t\u00fcm kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde yarg\u0131sal denetim yolunun i\u015fletilebilece\u011fi de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda orant\u0131s\u0131z bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya sebep olaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
64. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
C. Kanun\u2019un 4. Maddesinin (2) ve (6) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi <\/p>\n
1. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
65. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak uygulamalar\u0131n, meri planlar ile ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
66. An\u0131lan maddenin dava konusu (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekte planlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, yenilenmesi ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi i\u015flemlerinin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi, bu planlar\u0131n Komisyonun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakan\u0131n\u0131n (Bakan) oluru uyar\u0131nca Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a yap\u0131lacak onama sonras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
67. Maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda uygulamaya y\u00f6nelik imar planlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girene kadar ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n teklifi, Komisyonun karar\u0131 ve Bakan onay\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi; (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde haz\u0131rlanacak olan \u00fcst \u00f6l\u00e7ekli plan\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan n\u00e2z\u0131m ve uygulama imar planlar\u0131n\u0131n etaplar h\u00e2linde yap\u0131labilece\u011fi ve (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten sonra ilgili di\u011fer idarelerce yeni plan onaylanamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
68. Dava konusu (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada ise Uluda\u011f alan plan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
69. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kurallarla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 planlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile planlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenmesi hususunda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa ve Bakanl\u0131\u011fa s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z takdir yetkisinin verildi\u011fi belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
70. Dava konusu kurallar, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7. ve 127. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
71. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 127. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda mahall\u00ee idarelerin il, belediye veya k\u00f6y halk\u0131n\u0131n mahall\u00ee m\u00fc\u015fterek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere kurulu\u015f esaslar\u0131 kanunla belirtilen ve karar organlar\u0131 kanunda g\u00f6sterilen se\u00e7menler taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilerek olu\u015fturulan kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri olduklar\u0131; ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda mahall\u00ee idarelerin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleri ile yetkilerinin yerinden y\u00f6netim ilkesine uygun olarak kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
72. Anayasa\u2019da merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netim ile yerel y\u00f6netim ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, yerel y\u00f6netimlerin karar organlar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imle g\u00f6reve gelmesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, se\u00e7imlerinin s\u00fcreli olmas\u0131, kararlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi organlar\u0131 eliyle almas\u0131 ve uygulatmas\u0131, kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin bulunmas\u0131, g\u00f6revleri ile orant\u0131l\u0131 gelir kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gibi yetki ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 mahall\u00ee idarelerin \u00f6zerkliklerinin g\u00f6stergesidir (AYM, E.2019\/112, K.2020\/35, 25\/6\/2020, \u00a7 30).<\/p>\n
73. \u00d6zerklik, ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n kanunla belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla kendi faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131 alma ve uygulama konusunda gerekli yetkiyle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f etkilere kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131na \u00f6zerklik tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni faaliyetlerini hizmetin gereklerine ve kamu yarar\u0131na uygun bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almakt\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/112, K.2020\/35, 25\/6\/2020, \u00a7 31).<\/p>\n
74. Di\u011fer yandan kanun koyucunun kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmek ve Anayasa\u2019da mahall\u00ee idareler i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ilke ve kurallara uygun olmak ko\u015fuluyla merkez\u00ee idare ile mahall\u00ee idare aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6rev s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme ve idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinden hareketle, mahall\u00ee idareleri ortadan kald\u0131rma ya da etkisiz k\u0131lma amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olmamak kayd\u0131yla belirli alanlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirli ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak mahall\u00ee idarelere ait baz\u0131 g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netime b\u0131rakma ya da mahall\u00ee idarenin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lan baz\u0131 konularda hizmetin niteli\u011fini g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6revlerin yerine getirilmesiyle ilgili \u00f6zel birtak\u0131m usul ve esaslar \u00f6ng\u00f6rme konusunda takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2020\/42, K.2023\/99, 18\/5\/2023, \u00a7 65).<\/p>\n
75. Bununla birlikte kanun koyucu, bu takdir yetkisini kullan\u0131rken mahall\u00ee idarelerin \u00f6zerkli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemeler ihdas etti\u011finde hukuk devleti ilkesinin bir gere\u011fi olan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r (bu y\u00f6ndeki bir karar i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2019\/88, K.2022\/159, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7 28). Bu ilke ise elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik, ba\u015fvurulan \u00f6nlemin ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ba\u015fvurulan \u00f6nlemin ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olmas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise ba\u015fvurulan \u00f6nlem ve ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
76. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin dava konusu (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131yla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekte planlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, yenilenmesi ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi i\u015flemlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi yetkisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu planlar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giri\u015f usul\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00e2liyle kural\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki belediye ve m\u00fccavir alanlarda s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yerel y\u00f6netimlerin \u00f6zerkli\u011fine m\u00fcdahalede bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
77. Dava konusu kural\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde \u201c\u2026B\u00f6ylece, Alandaki plan haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve onama s\u00fcrecinde bug\u00fcne kadar ya\u015fanan yetki karma\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f ve bu kapsamda, her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekte planlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, yenilenmesi ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi yetkisi Komisyonun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Bakan Oluru al\u0131nmak suretiyle Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda kuralla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda yap\u0131la\u015fma esaslar\u0131na ili\u015fkin yetki karma\u015fas\u0131 ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi suretiyle yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n planl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
78. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kuralla do\u011fal ve turistik de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6neme sahip Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekte planlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, yenilenmesi ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi i\u015flemlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi hususunda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkili k\u0131l\u0131narak bu planlar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girme usul\u00fcn\u00fcn Komisyonun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Bakan oluru ve Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k onama \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kural\u0131n elveri\u015fli ve gerekli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
79. \u00d6te yandan kural, yaln\u0131zca Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir yetki kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. Sahip oldu\u011fu tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile turizm y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem nedeniyle \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6netim rejimi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu alan ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmak kayd\u0131yla yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin mahall\u00ee idarelerin g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin yerine getirilmesini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu itibarla kural, mali \u00f6zerklik ilkesiyle \u00e7eli\u015fmemektedir.<\/p>\n
80. Mahall\u00ee idarelerin o y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n mahall\u00ee m\u00fc\u015fterek nitelikteki ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere kurulmu\u015f kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bunlara tan\u0131nan \u00f6zerkli\u011fin kapsam\u0131 da g\u00f6revleri gere\u011fi yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 mahall\u00ee hizmetlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kuralla g\u00f6revleri gere\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 mahall\u00ee hizmetlerin yerine getirilmesiyle do\u011frudan bir ilgisi bulunmayan Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netilmesine ili\u015fkin birtak\u0131m i\u015flem ve faaliyetlerin belediye ve m\u00fccavir alan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yerine getirilmesi hususunda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkilendirilmesinin yerel y\u00f6netimlerin idari \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
81. Ayr\u0131ca Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak uygulama ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek i\u015flemlerde de ormanlar\u0131n, tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin ge\u00e7erli olmaya devam edece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n \u00e7evre hakk\u0131 ile ormanlar\u0131n, tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik anayasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
82. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesinde \u201cYasama yetkisi T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir. Bu yetki devredilemez.\u201d denilmektedir. Yasama yetkisinin T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine (TBMM) ait olmas\u0131 ve bu yetkinin devredilememesi, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesinin bir gere\u011fidir. Bu h\u00fckme yer veren Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde yasama yetkisinin parlamentoya ait olmas\u0131 \u201cdemokrasi rejimini benimseyen siyasi rejimlerde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir durum\u201d olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca gerek\u00e7ede \u201cMillet ad\u0131na kanun koyma yetkisini yasama meclisi yerine getirir. Bu yetki devredilemez. Ancak, Anayasan\u0131n 99 ve 129 uncu maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d denilmek suretiyle bu ilkenin anlam\u0131 ve istisnalar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Madde gerek\u00e7esinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, yasama yetkisinin devredilemezli\u011fi, esasen kanun koyma yetkisinin TBMM d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir organca kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesi ile yasaklanan, kanun yapma yetkisinin devredilmesidir (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013).<\/p>\n
83. T\u00fcrevsel nitelikteki d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin d\u00fczenleme yetkisi; s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir yetkidir. Bu nedenle temel ilkeleri belirlenmeksizin ve \u00e7er\u00e7evesi \u00e7izilmeksizin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na d\u00fczenleme yetkisi veren bir kanun kural\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, belirsiz, geni\u015f bir alan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin d\u00fczenlemesine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 Anayasa’n\u0131n belirtilen maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturur. Bununla birlikte yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n temel ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi kanunla belirledikten sonra uzmanl\u0131k ve idare tekni\u011fine ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye b\u0131rakmas\u0131, yasama yetkisinin devri olarak yorumlanamaz (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2019\/36, K.2021\/15, 4\/3\/2021, \u00a7 57).<\/p>\n
84. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi konularda kanunda genel ifadelerle d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131larak ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinin y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevsel nitelikteki d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Anayasa\u2019da m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen konularda yasaman\u0131n aslili\u011fi ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri haricinde ge\u00e7erli olan y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevselli\u011fi ilkeleri gere\u011fi idari i\u015flemlerin kanuna dayanmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Ancak bu durumda kanunda belirlenmesi gereken \u00e7er\u00e7eve, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumdakinden \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f olabilecektir (AYM, E.2018\/91, K.2020\/10, 19\/2\/2020, \u00a7 110; E.2019\/36, K.2021\/15, 4\/3\/2021, \u00a7 56; E.2022\/54, K.2022\/99, 8\/9\/2022, \u00a7 27).<\/p>\n
85. Dava konusu (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krayla Uluda\u011f alan plan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 4. maddesinde Uluda\u011f alan planlar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fine, yap\u0131m ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girme s\u00fcreci ile ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131na ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanma s\u00fcrecine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dava konusu kuralla bu d\u00fczenlemelere tabi olunmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na yetki tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla kuralla Bakanl\u0131\u011fa temel ilkeler belirlenmeksizin ve \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izilmeksizin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, belirsiz ve geni\u015f bir takdir yetkisi tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
86. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 56., 63., 127. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. Kanun\u2019un 5. Maddesinin (1), (2) ve (3) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n, (4) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davetiyle…\u201d \u0130baresi ile (6) ve (7) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. (1), (2), (3), (6) ve (7) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar<\/p>\n
a. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
87. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kurallarla Komisyona anayasal olarak korunmas\u0131 gereken varl\u0131k ve de\u011ferler \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir tasarruf yetkisinin tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Komisyonca al\u0131nacak kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 idari denetim yolunun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, liyakatli olmayan, herhangi bir uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan ki\u015filerin Komisyonda g\u00f6rev alabilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Komisyonun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul ve esaslar\u0131 ile Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n herhangi kanuni bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izilmeksizin y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
i. (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
88. Dava konusu kuralla, Komisyonun Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc uygulamaya y\u00f6nelik karar almaya yetkili oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
89. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesiyle Komisyonun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Komisyona, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge kurullar\u0131 ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge komisyonlar\u0131na verilen yetki ve g\u00f6revleri kullanma, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131ndaki sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik karar alma yetkileri tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte dava konusu kuralda Komisyonun, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc uygulamaya y\u00f6nelik karar almaya yetkili oldu\u011fu belirtilmekle yetinilmi\u015f; bu kararlar\u0131n hangi konularda, kanunla verilen hangi g\u00f6revlerin kapsam\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla \u00f6zel \u00f6neminden kaynakl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 bir rejim alt\u0131nda y\u00f6netimi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda Komisyona yetki veren kural\u0131n belirli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
90. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. (2) ve (3) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar<\/p>\n
91. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinin dava konusu (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge kurullar\u0131 ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge komisyonlar\u0131na verilen yetki ve g\u00f6revlerin Komisyon taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Komisyonun Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tescili, s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik karar almaya yetkili oldu\u011fu ve sit alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r ve derece de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin Komisyonun oybirli\u011fiyle ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar do\u011frultusunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
92. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56. maddesinde \u00e7evrenin, 63. maddesinde tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, 169. maddesinde ise ormanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla devlete \u00f6devler y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir. Devletin an\u0131lan yerlerin korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yapmas\u0131 bu \u00f6devlerden biridir. Nitekim 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun bu kapsamda kabul edilmi\u015f d\u00fczenlemelerdir.<\/p>\n
93. Kuralla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kalan yerlerin korunmas\u0131, y\u00f6netilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda sorumlu idari merci olarak Komisyon belirlenmi\u015f, bu alandaki do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tescili, s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik karar alma yetkisi de Komisyona verilmi\u015ftir. Kuralda ayr\u0131ca sit s\u0131n\u0131r ve derece de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u00e7in oybirli\u011fiyle karar alma zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kural\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek uygulama ve i\u015flemlerde ormanlar\u0131n, tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lan bir h\u00fck\u00fcm \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde bu alanda yap\u0131lacak uygulama ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek i\u015flemlerde de ormanlar\u0131n, tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin ge\u00e7erli olmaya devam edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n ormanlar ile tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
94. \u00d6te yandan kuralla Komisyona tan\u0131nan yetkinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve belirsiz nitelikte oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
95. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinin dava konusu (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise Komisyonun olu\u015fumu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
96. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
97. Buna g\u00f6re kural\u0131n liyakatli olmayan, herhangi bir uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan ki\u015filerin Komisyonda g\u00f6rev alabilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Komisyonun yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa ile \u00f6zel olarak korunmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen alanlara ili\u015fkin olarak devlete y\u00fcklenen sorumlulu\u011fun yerine getirilmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
98. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. (6) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra <\/p>\n
99. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 40. ve 125. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
100. Dava konusu kuralla, Komisyon kararlar\u0131n\u0131n idari yarg\u0131 yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere kesin oldu\u011fu ve kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131, belediyeler ile ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin Komisyon kararlar\u0131na uymak zorunda oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
101. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin korunmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201cAnayasa ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri ihl\u00e2l edilen herkes, yetkili makama geciktirilmeden ba\u015fvurma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. An\u0131lan h\u00fckme g\u00f6re ki\u015filerin yarg\u0131 makamlar\u0131 ile idari makamlar \u00f6n\u00fcnde haklar\u0131n\u0131 arayabilmelerine kolayl\u0131k ve imk\u00e2n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 anayasal bir zorunluluktur. Bu zorunluluk, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihlal edilen ya da ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia eden ki\u015filerin ilgili yarg\u0131 veya idari merciler nezdinde \u015fik\u00e2yetlerini dile getirmesi hususunda devlete gerekli ve yeterli mekanizmalar\u0131 olu\u015fturarak uygun ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmektedir (AYM, E.2019\/102, K.2019\/99, 25\/12\/2019, \u00a7 16; E.2021\/46, K.2022\/47, 21\/4\/2022, \u00a7 15; E.2022\/141, K.2023\/17, 25\/1\/2023, \u00a7 17).<\/p>\n
102. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131; anayasal bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren herkese hakk\u0131n niteli\u011fine uygun olarak iddialar\u0131n\u0131 inceletebilece\u011fi makul, eri\u015filebilir, etkili, ihlalin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini veya s\u00fcrmesini engellemeye ya da sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya elveri\u015fli idari ve yarg\u0131sal yollara ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 teminat alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/74, K.2019\/92, 24\/12\/2019, \u00a7 31; E.2019\/102, K.2019\/99, 25\/12\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 16, 17).<\/p>\n
103. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 125. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc eylem ve i\u015flemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131 yolunun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu; yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da idarenin kendi eylem ve i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan zarar\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulundu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131narak idarenin hukuka ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yarg\u0131 denetimi sayesinde etkili bi\u00e7imde sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve idare edilenler, idarenin kanunsuz ve keyf\u00ee davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunmu\u015ftur. Anayasa\u2019da say\u0131lan istisnai h\u00e2ller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda idari eylem ve i\u015flemlere kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131 yolunun kapat\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan h\u00fckm\u00fc, yetkili idare organlar\u0131n\u0131n kamu hizmetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere idari eylem ve i\u015flem \u015feklinde ortaya koyduklar\u0131 tasarruflar\u0131n kanunun koydu\u011fu esas ve \u015fekillere ve kanunun amac\u0131na uygun olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131 mercilerince incelenip de\u011ferlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir (AYM, E.2018\/2, K.2018\/43, 2\/5\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 6, 7).<\/p>\n
104. Kuralla Komisyon kararlar\u0131n\u0131n idari y\u00f6nden kesin oldu\u011fu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle kural uyar\u0131nca Komisyon kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir idari merci nezdinde itirazda bulunulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ancak kuralda bu kararlar\u0131n yarg\u0131sal denetime tabi olmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca idari makamlarca al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir idari makam taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesi zorunlulu\u011funu \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcm de bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
105. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 40. ve 125. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 40. ve 125. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iv. (7) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
(1). F\u0131kran\u0131n \u201c\u2026ile Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u2026\u201d B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n
106. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
107. Dava konusu kural, Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131na ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
108. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesinin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131 \u201cDevletin, kamu iktisad\u00ee te\u015febb\u00fcsleri ve di\u011fer kamu t\u00fczelki\u015filerinin genel idare esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 kamu hizmetlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi asl\u00ee ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revler, memurlar ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlileri eliyle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\/ Memurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin nitelikleri, atanmalar\u0131, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, ayl\u0131k ve \u00f6denekleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir. Ancak, mal\u00ee ve sosyal haklara ili\u015fkin toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
109. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131yla memurlar ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlileri \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan anayasal g\u00fcvenceye kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bu bak\u0131mdan Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde yer alan di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinden olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in de \u00f6ncelikle Komisyonun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu maddesinde belirtilen, devletin ve di\u011fer kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerinin genel idare esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 kamu hizmetlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revlerden olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti gerekir.<\/p>\n
110. Devletin kamu iktisadi te\u015febb\u00fcsleri ve di\u011fer kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerinin genel idare esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kamu hizmetlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revlerde memur ve\/veya di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinden hangisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tercih, kanun koyucunun takdir alan\u0131 i\u00e7indedir. Di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlileri kavram\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revlerde kamu hukuku ili\u015fkisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan fakat memur olmayan ki\u015fileri kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
111. Kamu hizmeti, geni\u015f tan\u0131m\u0131yla devlet ya da di\u011fer kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri taraf\u0131ndan ya da bunlar\u0131n denetim ve g\u00f6zetimleri alt\u0131nda ortak gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak ve kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in topluma sunulmu\u015f s\u00fcrekli ve d\u00fczenli etkinliklerdir. Toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n zorunlu gereksinimlerinden olan d\u00fczenlilik ve s\u00fcreklilik isteyen \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131 ve iyile\u015ftirilmesi hizmeti de niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi kamu hizmeti olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
112. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinde \u201c\u0130dare, kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.\/ \u0130darenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleri, merkezden y\u00f6netim ve yerinden y\u00f6netim esaslar\u0131na dayan\u0131r.\/ Kamu t\u00fczelki\u015fili\u011fi, kanunla veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle kurulur.\u201d denilmektedir. Komisyonun belirlenmesi, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
113. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la Komisyona tan\u0131nan g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Komisyonun faaliyetinin kamu hizmeti niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, planlanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netilmesi ve denetlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan asli sorumlulu\u011fu bulunan ve icrai yetki kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren g\u00f6rev icra ettikleri, bu g\u00f6revlerin ge\u00e7ici bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131p s\u00fcrekli oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcyelerin yerine getirece\u011fi g\u00f6revin asli ve s\u00fcrekli nitelikte oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlisi stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
114. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kuralla di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlisi stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc haiz Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona ermesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kanunda herhangi bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve, temel ilke ve esaslar belirlenmeksizin Bakanl\u0131\u011fa do\u011frudan d\u00fczenleme yetkisinin verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu hususlarda Bakanl\u0131\u011fa asli d\u00fczenleme yetkisi veren kural\u0131n yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fan bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
115. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
(2). F\u0131kran\u0131n Kalan K\u0131sm\u0131<\/p>\n
116. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
117. Dava konusu kural, Komisyonunun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul ve esaslar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
118. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinde Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin kimlerden olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131, ne kadar s\u00fcreyle g\u00f6rev yapacaklar\u0131 ile Komisyonun g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (2) ve (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda, 4. maddesinin (2) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda, ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesinin (7) ve (8) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda Komisyona tan\u0131nan yetkiler belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla kuralla Komisyonun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik temel ilke ve esaslar ile \u00e7er\u00e7evenin kanunla belirlendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
119. Bu itibarla Kanun\u2019da Komisyonunun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul ve esaslar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7er\u00e7eve belirledikten sonra idareye teknik konularda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi veren kural\u0131n belirlilik ve yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
120. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 7. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. (4) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kran\u0131n \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c\u2026Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davetiyle\u2026\u201d \u0130baresi<\/p>\n
a. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
121. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kuralla meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n kendi alanlar\u0131 ile ilgili toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daveti \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi ancak her biri kendi alan\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n anayasal i\u015flevlerini yerine getirebilmek i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131larak ilgili ki\u015fileri ve kamuoyunu ayd\u0131nlatmak isteyebilecekleri ancak kural\u0131n meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 idarenin keyfili\u011fine b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 135. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
122. Dava konusu kural, Komisyonun g\u00fcndemiyle ilgili meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n toplant\u0131ya g\u00f6zlemci olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davette bulunmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
123. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 135. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00fcst kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n belli bir mesle\u011fe mensup olanlar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak, mesleki faaliyetlerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak, mesle\u011fin genel menfaatlere uygun olarak geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak, meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n birbiriyle ve halkla olan ili\u015fkilerinde d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00fcveni h\u00e2kim k\u0131lmak \u00fczere meslek disiplini ve ahlak\u0131n\u0131 korumak maksad\u0131yla, kanunla kurulan ve organlar\u0131 kendi \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan kanunda g\u00f6sterilen usullere g\u00f6re yarg\u0131 g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda, gizli oyla se\u00e7ilen kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri oldu\u011fu, be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise bu meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde devletin idari ve mali denetimine ili\u015fkin kurallar\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
124. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesi; meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili mesle\u011fe ili\u015fkin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, faaliyetlerin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, disiplinin korunmas\u0131 ve halkla olan ili\u015fkilerde g\u00fcvenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131 ile kurulabilece\u011fini belirtmek suretiyle meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131na tan\u0131nan anayasal i\u015flevin belirli bir mesle\u011fin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Nitekim s\u00f6z konusu maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda faaliyette bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla faaliyetlerinin kurulu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/88, K.2022\/159, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
125. Bu itibarla anayasal ba\u011flamda meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015f amac\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u015flevinin meslekle ilgili konular olarak belirlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kuralla Komisyonun g\u00fcndemindeki konuyla ilgili olarak meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n toplant\u0131ya g\u00f6zlemci olarak kat\u0131labilmesinin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davetiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebinin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 h\u00e2linde meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n mesleki bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbelerine ba\u015fvurabilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131mak oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n anayasal i\u015flevlerini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (bu y\u00f6ndeki bir karar i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2019\/88, K.2022\/159, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
126. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 135. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
D. Kanun\u2019un 7. Maddesinin (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131,…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
127. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kuralla Hazinenin, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda kalan \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile devletin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaki yerleri satma ve trampa yoluyla devretme yetkisinin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu yetkinin kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kural nedeniyle s\u00f6z konusu alanda tahribat ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi gibi d\u00fczensiz yap\u0131la\u015fmaya neden olunabilece\u011fi, bu durumun \u00e7evrenin, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ormanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki anayasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2 ., 45., 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
128. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 127., 130. ve 135. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
129. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara tahsis edilen veya kiralanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan elde edilen gelirler hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere Hazine ile kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda bulunan \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile devletin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaki yerlerin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131, kiraya verilmesi, i\u015fletilmesi, i\u015flettirilmesi, bu yerler i\u00e7in \u00f6n izin verilmesi, bu yerler \u00fczerinde irtifak hakk\u0131 kurulmas\u0131, bu t\u00fcr yerler i\u00e7in kullanma izni verilmesi ve bu t\u00fcr yerlerle ilgili ecrimisil i\u015flemlerinden elde edilen gelirler Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelirleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan bentte yer alan \u201c\u2026sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131,..\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
130. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 127. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yerel y\u00f6netimlerin \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ilkesi, yerinden y\u00f6netimin varl\u0131k \u015fartlar\u0131ndan olan mali \u00f6zerkli\u011fi de kapsamaktad\u0131r. Mali \u00f6zerklik kavram\u0131 ise mahall\u00ee idarelerin mali kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yerel vergi ve har\u00e7lardan olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131, gelirlerini ve varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun bir bi\u00e7imde kullanabilmelerini ve esnek bir b\u00fct\u00e7e sistemine sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle mahall\u00ee idarelerin mali \u00f6zerkli\u011fi, merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netimin mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gelir kaynaklar\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7eleri olmas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Nitekim an\u0131lan maddenin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde de \u201cBu idarelere, g\u00f6revleri ile orant\u0131l\u0131 gelir kaynaklar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmek suretiyle mahall\u00ee idarelerin mali \u00f6zerkli\u011fi teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/7, K.2018\/80, 5\/7\/2018, \u00a7 42).<\/p>\n
131. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 130. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201d\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim esaslar\u0131na dayanan bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde milletin ve \u00fclkenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131 ile; orta\u00f6\u011fretime dayal\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczeylerde e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapmak, \u00fclkeye ve insanl\u0131\u011fa hizmet etmek \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli birimlerden olu\u015fan kamu t\u00fczelki\u015fili\u011fine ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip \u00fcniversiteler Devlet taraf\u0131ndan kanunla kurulur.\u201d, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201d\u00dcniversiteler ile \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri ve yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 serbest\u00e7e her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yay\u0131nda bulunabilirler. Ancak, bu yetki, Devletin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve milletin ve \u00fclkenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi aleyhinde faaliyette bulunma serbestli\u011fi vermez.\u201d, sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201d\u00dcniversitelerin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7eler; Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulunca tetkik ve onayland\u0131ktan sonra Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sunulur ve merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netim b\u00fct\u00e7esinin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu esaslara uygun olarak i\u015fleme t\u00e2bi tutularak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulur ve denetlenir.\u201d dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131nda da \u201dY\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015f ve organlar\u0131 ile i\u015fleyi\u015fleri ve bunlar\u0131n se\u00e7imleri, g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 \u00fcniversiteler \u00fczerinde Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetim hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanma usulleri, \u2026 \u00f6\u011frenimin ve \u00f6\u011fretimin h\u00fcrriyet ve teminat i\u00e7inde ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bilim ve teknoloji gereklerine g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi, \u2026 kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
132. \u00dcniversitelerin bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fi; \u00fcniversitelerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen e\u011fitim, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve benzeri etkinliklerin planlanmas\u0131, d\u00fczenlenmesi ve icra edilmesi a\u015famalar\u0131nda y\u00f6netim yetkisinin serbest\u00e7e kullan\u0131labilmesini, belirtilen faaliyetlerle ilgili \u00fcniversite kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kararlar\u0131n \u00fcniversite y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131nca serbest\u00e7e al\u0131nabilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, idari ve mali \u00f6zerklikle birlikte \u00fcniversitelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz nitelikte bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu unsurlardan herhangi birine yap\u0131lacak m\u00fcdahale di\u011fer unsurlar\u0131n da olumsuz \u015fekilde etkilenmesine neden olacakt\u0131r (AYM, E.2015\/61, K.2016\/172, 2\/11\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 43-45). Nitekim Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 130. sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u00fcniversitelerin b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin kendileri taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmek suretiyle mali konularda anayasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar g\u00f6zetilerek karar alma yetkisinin \u00fcniversitelere ait oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2022\/90, K.2023\/201, 30\/11\/2023, \u00a7 59).<\/p>\n
133. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 135. maddesinde de meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n karar ve y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imle g\u00f6reve gelmesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve sorumlu organlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerine yarg\u0131 karar\u0131yla son verilebilece\u011finin h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir (AYM, E.2011\/100, K.2012\/191, 29\/11\/2012).<\/p>\n
134. Meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fi merkez\u00ee idareden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak karar ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ebilme, ilgili mesleki faaliyetlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00fcyelerini ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 karar alma ve uygulama, meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n uyaca\u011f\u0131 ilke ve kurallar\u0131 belirleme ve \u00fcyeleri hakk\u0131nda disiplin tedbirleri uygulama yetkisini i\u00e7ermektedir (AYM, E.2011\/100, K.2012\/191, 29\/11\/2012).<\/p>\n
135. Kuralla belediyelerin, \u00fcniversitelerin ve kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetinde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n da sat\u0131\u015f veya trampas\u0131ndan elde edilen gelirlerin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k geliri olarak kabul edilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle s\u00f6z konusu idarelerin mali \u00f6zerkli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
136. Sahip oldu\u011fu tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile turizm y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem nedeniyle 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6netim rejimi \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenen Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda, gerek an\u0131lan Kanun kapsam\u0131nda gerekse 25\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 117 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019yle Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerin yerine getirilmesinde gerekli kayna\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen y\u00f6ntemle gelir elde edilmesini d\u00fczenleyen kural\u0131n me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
137. Kuralda belediyeler, \u00fcniversiteler ve kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f veya trampas\u0131ndan elde edilecek gelirin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tahsis edilmesinin me\u015fru amaca ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
138. Bununla birlikte kural, Anayasa ile kendilerine idari ve mali \u00f6zerklik tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan mahall\u00ee idarelerin, \u00fcniversitelerin ve kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7erek bu idarelerin gelir ve giderleri \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan etki do\u011furabilecek niteliktedir. Kural s\u00f6z konusu idarelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya trampas\u0131ndan elde edilecek gelirler \u00fczerindeki mali \u00f6zerkliklerini t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda kural\u0131n Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa gelir tahsis edilmesi amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en uygun ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle gerekli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
139. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 127., 130. ve 135. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 127., 130. ve 135. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 45., 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
E. Kanun\u2019un 9. Maddesinin (1), (2) ve (4) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar\u0131<\/p>\n
1. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
140. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kurallarla \u00e7e\u015fitli idari para cezalar\u0131 ile yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesine kar\u015f\u0131n bu cezalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na neden olacak eylemlerin belirlenmedi\u011fi, farkl\u0131 yerler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi suretiyle e\u015fitlik ilkesinin zedelendi\u011fi belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 10. ve 38. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
a. (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
141. Dava konusu kuralla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal de\u011ferleri ile jeolojik\/jeomorfolojik dokusunun, turizm potansiyelinin korunmas\u0131na ve ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik al\u0131nan tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde elli bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131ndan be\u015f y\u00fcz bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131na kadar idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
142. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKimse, i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan kanunun su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiilden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz; kimseye su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi zaman kanunda o su\u00e7 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f olan cezadan daha a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza verilemez.\u201d denilerek su\u00e7un kanunili\u011fi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da \u201dCeza ve ceza yerine ge\u00e7en g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri ancak kanunla konulur.\u201d denilerek cezan\u0131n kanunili\u011fi ilkesi g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde yer alan su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca hangi fiillerin yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve bu yasak fiillere verilecek cezalar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirli olarak kanunda g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir. Ki\u015filerin yasak fiilleri \u00f6nceden bilmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine dayanan bu ilkeyle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2020\/16, K.2020\/33, 25\/6\/2020, \u00a7 15).<\/p>\n
143. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde idari su\u00e7 ve cezalar ile adli su\u00e7 ve cezalar aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan her ikisi de bu maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ilkelere tabidir. Adli ve idari su\u00e7larda davran\u0131\u015f normlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve haks\u0131zl\u0131k te\u015fkil eden bir fiille, kanun koyucunun koruma alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hukuki de\u011ferin ihlali s\u00f6z konusu olup adli ve idari cezalar\u0131n her ikisi de cebir i\u00e7ermektedir (AYM, E.2015\/85, K.2016\/3, 13\/1\/2016, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
144. Korunan hukuki de\u011fer ile ihlalin neden oldu\u011fu hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ayn\u0131 olmamas\u0131 ise idari su\u00e7 ve cezalar ile adli su\u00e7 ve cezalar aras\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Adli para cezalar\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek miktarlarda idari para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n verilebilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan d\u00fczenlemeler de bulunmakla birlikte adli su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen cezalar\u0131n idari su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen cezalardan genellikle daha a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131, h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 cezalar\u0131n kural olarak adli su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131, idari su\u00e7larda kanun koyucunun daha az \u00f6nem atfetti\u011fi bir hukuki de\u011ferin ihlal edilmesi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n da genellikle idari bir makam taraf\u0131ndan idari usuller izlenerek uygulanmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesindeki ilkelerin ayn\u0131 boyut ve kapsam\u0131yla idari su\u00e7lara da uygulanmas\u0131, i\u015fin mahiyetine uygun d\u00fc\u015fmemektedir. Yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fleyen yap\u0131s\u0131 ile ekonomik ve teknik hayat\u0131n h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen ve geli\u015fen \u015fartlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek su\u00e7 ve cezalarda kanunilik ilkesinin idari su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden daha esnek uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (AYM, E.2015\/85, K.2016\/3, 13\/1\/2016, \u00a714; AYM, E.2019\/110, K.2021\/85, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 19).<\/p>\n
145. Dava konusu kuralda, idari su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden ve idari para cezas\u0131 \u015feklinde idari yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanan eylemlerin konusu Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal de\u011ferleri ile jeolojik\/jeomorfolojik dokusunun, turizm potansiyelinin korunmas\u0131na ve ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik al\u0131nan tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da s\u00f6z konusu tedbirler ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yapt\u0131r\u0131ma neden olacak bu tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2llerine dair herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla idari para cezas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen kural\u0131n belirli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
146. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
b. (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
i. F\u0131kran\u0131n \u201cBirinci f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131na girmeyen, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n mevcut durumunu bozmayan ve yap\u0131sal uygulamalar i\u00e7ermeyen konulara ili\u015fkin belirlenecek tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 veya\u2026\u201d B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n
147. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 9. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptali nedeniyle an\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201cBirinci f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131na girmeyen, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n mevcut durumunu bozmayan ve yap\u0131sal uygulamalar i\u00e7ermeyen konulara ili\u015fkin belirlenecek tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 veya\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6l\u00fcm 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. F\u0131kran\u0131n Kalan K\u0131sm\u0131<\/p>\n
148. Dava konusu kural, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyette bulunulmas\u0131 ve spor ama\u00e7l\u0131 organizasyon yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda on bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131ndan y\u00fcz bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131na kadar idari para cezas\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
149. Dava konusu kuralda, idari su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden ve idari para cezas\u0131 \u015feklinde idari yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanan eylemlerin konusunun izin al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyette bulunulmas\u0131 ve spor ama\u00e7l\u0131 organizasyon yap\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kuralda turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile spor ama\u00e7l\u0131 organizasyonlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131na ve \u00f6zelliklerine yer verilmedi\u011fi gibi 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da veya ba\u015fka bir kanunda bu y\u00f6nde bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen idari para cezas\u0131na muhatap olmamak i\u00e7in iznin hangi idari merciden al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve hangi ko\u015fullara tabi olaca\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131nda da herhangi bir yasal d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla idari para cezas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen kural\u0131n belirli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
150. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
c. (4) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
i. (a) Bendi<\/p>\n
151. Dava konusu kural\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesiyle Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve 1\/7\/2003 tarihli ve 4915 say\u0131l\u0131 Kara Avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nda yasaklanan fiillerin i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde idari para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n iki misli art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 74. maddesinde belirtilen cezalar\u0131n ise yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
152. 6831, 2872 ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunlarda yasak filler ve bu yasaklara uyulmamas\u0131 durumunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen idari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 74. maddesinde de k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131 bulmak amac\u0131yla izinsiz ara\u015ft\u0131rma, kaz\u0131 ve sondaj yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde hapis cezalar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu itibarla s\u00f6z konusu Kanunlarda idari veya adli su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden ve idari para cezas\u0131 ya da hapis cezas\u0131 \u015feklinde yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanan yasak fiillerin Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde Kanunlarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n iki misli, hapis cezalar\u0131n\u0131n ise yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik, belirlilik ve kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
153. Kanun koyucu yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemeleri yaparken hukuk devleti ilkesinin bir gere\u011fi olan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
154. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede 6831, 2872 ve 4915 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunlarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen idari para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda iki misli, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 74. maddesinde belirtilen cezalar\u0131n ise yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal ve turistik de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahip olan bu alan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet edilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkiye neden olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n an\u0131lan amaca ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
155. Ayr\u0131ca kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen art\u0131r\u0131m oranlar\u0131 ile bu kapsamda uygulanan idari para cezalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131sal denetimin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklememektedir. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n eylem ile ceza aras\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gereken makul dengeyi g\u00f6zetti\u011fi ve orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
156. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, dil, \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, siyas\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, felsef\u00ee inan\u00e7, din, mezhep ve benzeri sebeplerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmeksizin kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fittir.\/ Kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler e\u015fit haklara sahiptir. Devlet, bu e\u015fitli\u011fin ya\u015fama ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu maksatla al\u0131nacak tedbirler e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yorumlanamaz.\/ \u00c7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar, \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcler, harp ve vazife \u015fehitlerinin dul ve yetimleri ile malul ve gaziler i\u00e7in al\u0131nacak tedbirler e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131lmaz.\/ Hi\u00e7bir ki\u015fiye, aileye, z\u00fcmreye veya s\u0131n\u0131fa imtiyaz tan\u0131namaz.\/ Devlet organlar\u0131 ve idare makamlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flemlerinde kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesine uygun olarak hareket etmek zorundad\u0131rlar.\u201d denilmek suretiyle kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
157. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde belirtilen kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesi hukuksal durumlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 olanlar i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu ilke ile eylemli de\u011fil hukuksal e\u015fitlik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. E\u015fitlik ilkesinin amac\u0131 ayn\u0131 durumda bulunan ki\u015filerin kanunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ayn\u0131 i\u015fleme ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, ki\u015filere ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektir. Bu ilkeyle, ayn\u0131 durumda bulunan kimi ki\u015fi ve topluluklara ayr\u0131 kurallar uygulanarak kanun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fitli\u011fin ihlali yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik, herkesin her y\u00f6nden ayn\u0131 kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Durumlar\u0131ndaki \u00f6zellikler, kimi ki\u015filer ya da topluluklar i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik kurallar\u0131 ve uygulamalar\u0131 gerektirebilir. Ayn\u0131 hukuksal durumlar ayn\u0131, ayr\u0131 hukuksal durumlar farkl\u0131 kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulursa Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen e\u015fitlik ilkesi zedelenmez (AYM, E.2020\/95, K.2022\/3, 26\/1\/2022, \u00a7 25).<\/p>\n
158. E\u015fitlik ilkesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lacak anayasall\u0131k denetiminde \u00f6ncelikle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ayn\u0131 ya da benzer durumda bulunan ki\u015filere farkl\u0131 muamele yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmelidir. Yap\u0131lacak bu belirlemenin ard\u0131ndan ise farkl\u0131 muamelenin nesnel ve makul bir temele dayan\u0131p dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 irdelenmelidir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi, ama\u00e7 ve ara\u00e7 aras\u0131nda hakkaniyete uygun bir dengenin bulunmas\u0131 gere\u011fini ifade eder. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle bu ilke, farkl\u0131 muamelenin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen objektif ama\u00e7 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir (AYM, E.2021\/1, K.2021\/32, 29\/4\/2021, \u00a7 32).<\/p>\n
159. Kanun koyucu, kurallarla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenleme getirmi\u015f ve 6831, 2872 ve 4915 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunlarda yasaklanan filleri Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda i\u015fleyen ki\u015filere uygulanacak idari para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n iki kat art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 74. maddesinde belirtilen cezalar\u0131n ise yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu itibarla s\u00f6z konusu yasak fiillerin Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde uygulanacak olan idari para cezalar\u0131 ile hapis cezalar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yasaklanan fiillerin i\u015flendi\u011fi yere g\u00f6re ki\u015filerin farkl\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara tabi k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
160. E\u015fitlik ilkesinin gere\u011fi olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yapmaya m\u00fcsait olacak \u015fekilde benzer durumda olanlar aras\u0131nda bir k\u0131sm\u0131 aleyhine getirilen farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlemenin bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k niteli\u011finde olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in nesnel ve makul bir temele dayanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
161. 6831, 2872, 4915 ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunlarda belirtilen su\u00e7lar\u0131 Uluda\u011f aln\u0131nda i\u015fleyenler ile Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015fleyenlerin benzer durumda olduklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Belirtilen su\u00e7lar\u0131 Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda i\u015fleyenlerin daha a\u011f\u0131r bir yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n -su\u00e7un Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fi temelinde- farkl\u0131 muamele olu\u015fturdu\u011fu da tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Bununla birlikte do\u011fal ve turistik \u00f6zellikleri bir arada bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Uluda\u011f alan\u0131ndaki tabiat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel \u00f6nem g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ayr\u0131m\u0131n nesnel ve makul bir temele dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Ayn\u0131ca kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen idari para cezas\u0131 ve hapis cezas\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 muamelenin orant\u0131s\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
162. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. ve 38. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. F\u0131kran\u0131n Kalan K\u0131sm\u0131<\/p>\n
163. Dava konusu kural, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 112., 113. ve 114. maddelerine g\u00f6re istenecek tazminat ve a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma giderinin bir misli art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
164. Kuralla at\u0131fta bulunulan an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un maddelerinde her \u00e7e\u015fit orman su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flenmesinden do\u011fan idare zararlar\u0131 ile tahrip edilen ve yak\u0131lan orman alanlar\u0131ndaki a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma masraflar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti ve tazminine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
165. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede 112. maddede Kanun\u2019la yasaklanan dikiliden a\u011fa\u00e7 kesilmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki fiillerin i\u015flenmesi nedeniyle meydana gelen zarar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re hukuk mahkemesinde ger\u00e7ek zarar \u00fczerinden tazminat talebinde bulunulabilece\u011fi, 113. maddede Kanun\u2019la yasaklanan fiilin dikiliden a\u011fa\u00e7 kesilmesine taalluku h\u00e2linde a\u011fa\u00e7 m\u00fcsadere edilmi\u015f olsa dahi talep h\u00e2linde h\u00fckmolunacak tazminat\u0131n mahall\u00ee rayice g\u00f6re hesaplanaca\u011f\u0131, 114. maddede ise her t\u00fcrl\u00fc orman su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile tahrip olunan veya yak\u0131lan sahalar i\u00e7in, Kanun\u2019da yaz\u0131l\u0131 tazminattan ba\u015fka ayr\u0131ca a\u011fa\u00e7 cinsine g\u00f6re cari y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki mahall\u00ee birim saha a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma gideri esas tutularak a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma masraf\u0131na da h\u00fckmolunaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
166. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinin onuncu f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin, ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyetinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furan bir m\u00fceyyide uygulayamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Kural\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde \u201cki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyetinin a\u011f\u0131r tahdidini te\u015fkil eden hapis cezalar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z mahkemelerce h\u00fckmedilebilece\u011fi; yani bunun bir \u00abidar\u00ee m\u00fceyyide\u00bb olarak (mesel\u00e2 disiplin cezas\u0131) idare taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 esas\u0131n\u0131 getirmektir.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa koyucunun idari m\u00fceyyideleri Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda kabul etti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
167. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ilkelere, idarenin para cezas\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ile birlikte daha genel olarak di\u011fer idari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n da tabi oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekir (bu y\u00f6ndeki karar i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2000\/43, K.2004\/60, 13\/5\/2004; AYM, E.2018\/30, K.2018\/94, 25\/9\/2018). <\/p>\n
168. Dava konusu kuralla bir misli art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tazminat, 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la yasaklanan dikiliden a\u011fa\u00e7 kesilmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki fiillerin i\u015flenmesi nedeniyle meydana gelen zararlar\u0131n tazmin edilmesine y\u00f6nelik olup idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m niteli\u011findedir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kuralda bir misli art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131 gereken ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc orman su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile tahrip olunan veya yak\u0131lan sahalar i\u00e7in tazminattan ayr\u0131 olarak, a\u011fa\u00e7 cinsine g\u00f6re cari y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki mahall\u00ee birim saha a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma gideri esas tutularak hesaplanan a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma gideri de idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
169. Kurala konu tazminat ve a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma giderinin hangi durumlarda al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve nas\u0131l hesaplanaca\u011f\u0131 6831 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re idari tedbir niteli\u011findeki uygulamalara ili\u015fkin kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ve belirlilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
170. S\u00f6z konusu tazminat ve a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma giderinin bir misliyle art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet edilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkiye neden olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n an\u0131lan amaca ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
171. Kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen art\u0131r\u0131m oran\u0131 ile bu y\u00f6ndeki uygulanacak idari yapt\u0131r\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131sal denetim yolunun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fckledi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n kabahat ile ceza aras\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gereken makul dengeyi g\u00f6zetti\u011fi ve orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
172. Kural 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 112., 133. ve 114. maddelerinin uygulanmas\u0131na, kabahatin Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda i\u015flenmesi temelinde farkl\u0131l\u0131k getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte kural\u0131n kanun koyucunun b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7inde korunmas\u0131 gereken bir b\u00f6lge olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenleme niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Do\u011fal ve turistik \u00f6zellikleri bir arada bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bu alanda i\u015flenen kabahatlere uygulanan yapt\u0131r\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen farkl\u0131 muamelenin nesnel ve makul bir temele dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen art\u0131r\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kuralla getirilen farkl\u0131 muamelenin orant\u0131s\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
173. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. ve 38. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
F. Kanun\u2019un 10. Maddesinin (1) ve (3) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
174. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kurallarla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek yetkilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 hususunda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n kanunla belirlenmi\u015f olan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin de yine kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi h\u00e2lde bu yetkinin idareye b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu yetkinin \u00f6zel olarak korunmas\u0131 gereken yerlerin aleyhine kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle Uluda\u011f alan\u0131na d\u00e2hil edilen yerleri y\u00f6netme yetkisinin de Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ece\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu yerlerin y\u00f6netilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gereken yeterlili\u011fe sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63, 87. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
a. (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
175. Dava konusu kuralla 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge kurulu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine, koruma, uygulama ve denetim b\u00fcrolar\u0131 ile \u00e7evre, \u015fehircilik ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine verilen g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerin Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kural, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131na \u00f6zel olarak s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden sorumlu idari birimi tespit etmektedir.<\/p>\n
176. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
177. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 5. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 5. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 87. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
b. (3) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
178. Dava konusu kuralla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile turizm potansiyeli g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmak suretiyle ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
179. Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a ekli Harita ve Koordinat Listesi\u2019nde belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n kanunla belirlendi\u011fi ve idarenin g\u00f6revleri ile yetkilerinin de an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019la belirlenen bu alanla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
180. Kuralla Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na tan\u0131nan yetkinin kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile turizm potansiyelinin g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6te yandan an\u0131lan yetkinin kullan\u0131labilmesi; ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilgili oldu\u011fu Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n belirsiz oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
181. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 56., 63. ve 169. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. ve 87. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130PTAL\u0130N D\u0130\u011eER KURALLARA ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/p>\n
182. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda kanunun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin veya TBMM \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn belirli kurallar\u0131n\u0131n iptali, di\u011fer kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ya da t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furuyorsa bunlar\u0131n da Anayasa Mahkemesince iptaline karar verilebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
183. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 9. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptali nedeniyle uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalmayan an\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201cBirinci f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131na girmeyen, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n mevcut durumunu bozmayan ve yap\u0131sal uygulamalar i\u00e7ermeyen konulara ili\u015fkin belirlenecek tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 veya\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince iptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
V. \u0130PTAL KARARININ Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RECE\u011e\u0130 G\u00dcN SORUNU<\/p>\n
184. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da bunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, iptal kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar. Gereken hallerde Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu tarih, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.\u201d denilmekte, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu kural tekrarlanmak suretiyle Anayasa Mahkemesinin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
185. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…yapt\u0131rma,izin verme…\u201d ibaresinin, 5. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ve (7) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026ile Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, 9. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilmesi nedeniyle do\u011facak hukuksal bo\u015fluk kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek nitelikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince bu kurallara ili\u015fkin iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
VI. Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN DURDURULMASI TALEB\u0130<\/p>\n
186. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle, dava konusu kurallar\u0131n uygulanmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde telafisi g\u00fc\u00e7 veya imk\u00e2ns\u0131z zararlar\u0131n do\u011fabilece\u011fi belirtilerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. 7. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde yer alan \u201c…sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131,…\u201d ibaresine y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 talebinin, ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. 1. 3. maddesinin (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…yapt\u0131rma, izin verme…\u201d ibaresine,<\/p>\n
2. 5. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na,<\/p>\n
b. (7) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026ile Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne,<\/p>\n
3. 9. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131na,<\/p>\n
y\u00f6nelik iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmelerinin ertelenmeleri nedeniyle bu f\u0131kralara, b\u00f6l\u00fcme ve ibareye ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. 1. T\u00fcm\u00fcne, <\/p>\n
2. 3. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na,<\/p>\n
b. (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c…31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerler,…\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne,<\/p>\n
c. (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c…yapt\u0131rma, izin verme…\u201d ibaresi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u0131sm\u0131na,<\/p>\n
\u00e7. (15) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na,<\/p>\n
3. 4. maddesinin (2) ve (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131na,<\/p>\n
4. 5. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (2) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131na,<\/p>\n
b. (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davetiyle…\u201d ibaresine,<\/p>\n
c. (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na,<\/p>\n
\u00e7. (7) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026ile Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u0131sm\u0131na,<\/p>\n
5. 9. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na,<\/p>\n
6. 10. maddesinin (1) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131na,<\/p>\n
y\u00f6nelik iptal talepleri 17\/10\/2024 tarihli ve E.2023\/67, K.2024\/175 say\u0131l\u0131 kararla reddedildi\u011finden t\u00fcm\u00fcne, f\u0131kralara, b\u00f6l\u00fcme, k\u0131s\u0131mlara ve ibareye ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
17\/10\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VII. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
18\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. 1. 3. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
b. (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c…31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerler,…\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
c. i. (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…yapt\u0131rma, izin verme…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
ii. (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN ile Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
\u00e7. (15) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
2. 4. maddesinin (2) ve (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131na ve iptal taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
3. 5. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
b. (2) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131na ve iptal taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
c. (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davetiyle…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
\u00e7. (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
d. (7) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. \u201c\u2026ile Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeliklerinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
ii. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
4. 7. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde yer alan \u201c…sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131,…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
5. 9. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
b. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. \u201cBirinci f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131na girmeyen, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n mevcut durumunu bozmayan ve yap\u0131sal uygulamalar i\u00e7ermeyen konulara ili\u015fkin belirlenecek tedbirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 veya\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
ii. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
c. (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
6. 10. maddesinin (1) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131na ve iptal taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
17\/10\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememizce 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…yapt\u0131rma, izin verme…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve iptaline, (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ise Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Kar\u015f\u0131oy, iptal istemi reddedilen kalan k\u0131s\u0131mla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n
2. Kural, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile bu alana ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerini yapt\u0131rma ve faaliyetlere izin verme yetkisinin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131kta oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. Kural kapsam\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen yetkiyle te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmektedir. Onbirinci f\u0131kran\u0131n \u201cyapt\u0131rma, izin verme\u201d ibaresiyle ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iptal gerek\u00e7esinde faaliyetleri yapt\u0131rma ve bunlara izin vermeye ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslara ve kriterlere dair kanunda bir belirlemenin yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
3. Kural\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise Uluda\u011f alan\u0131ndaki turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile bu alana ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve denetlenmesi hususundaki i\u015f ve i\u015flemler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa yetki verilmektedir. Kural olarak bireylerin s\u00f6z konusu alanda te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde ve yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde faaliyette bulunabilecekleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n
4. S\u00f6z konusu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck incelenen kural ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanmakta ve faaliyette bulunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan izin al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte Kanunda iznin verilmesine ili\u015fkin usul ve \u015fartlara dair herhangi bir belirleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyet yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in hangi \u015fartlar\u0131n, kriterlerin aranaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in an\u0131lan kriterlerin idare taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmesine imkan verilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum temel haklara ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n keyfili\u011fe izin vermeyecek ve belirlili\u011fi sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011funa ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r (bu y\u00f6nde bkz. AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). D\u00fczenlemenin kanunilik kriterini kar\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 ve bu nedenle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 13. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iptal edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun 18\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c…yapt\u0131rma,…\u201d ve \u201c…izin verme…\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Bununla birlikte Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kural\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (11) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201cUluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile alana ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerini yapma, yapt\u0131rma, izin verme ve denetleme yetkisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktad\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklindedir. <\/p>\n
4. Mahkememizin kuraldaki \u201c…yapt\u0131rma,…\u201d ve \u201c…izin verme…\u201d ibareleri ile ilgili Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k gerek\u00e7elerinin kural\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. Zira f\u0131kradaki di\u011fer yetkilere ili\u015fkin de Kanun\u2019da temel bir \u00e7er\u00e7evenin \u00e7izilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
5. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ayn\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatinde oldu\u011fumdan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 17\/10\/2024 tarihli, 2023\/67 esas – 2024\/175 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2023\/67 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/175 Karar Tarihi : 17\/10\/2024 R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 9\/1\/2025 – 32777 \u00a0 \u0130PTAL DAVASINI A\u00c7AN: T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcyeleri Engin ALTAY, \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6ZEL, Engin \u00d6ZKO\u00c7 ile birlikte 132 milletvekili \u0130PTAL DAVASININ KONUSU: 18\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un; A. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63., 90. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131na, B. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn iptaline karar verilmemesi h\u00e2linde; 1. 3. maddesinin; a. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n, b. (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c…31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda orman say\u0131lan yerler ile daha \u00f6nce 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2873 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli Parklar Kanunu gere\u011fince tespit ve ilan edilen yerler,…\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, c. (11) ve (15) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n, 2. 4. maddesinin (2) ve (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n, 3. 5. maddesinin; a. (1), (2) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n, b. (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n davetiyle…\u201d ibaresinin, c. (6) ve (7) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n, 4. 7. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde yer alan \u201c…sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131,…\u201d ibaresinin, 5. 9. maddesinin (1), (2) ve (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n, 6. 10. maddesinin (1) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 7., 10., 13., 17., 35., …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n