T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
PINAR ALKAN BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/32238)<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 15\/4\/2025<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
\u015eehadet \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
P\u0131nar ALKAN<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Bedia BORAN BULUT<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, kamu makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve \u00f6nlenebilir nitelikteki canl\u0131 bomba sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonucu meydana gelen yaralanma ve bu olaydan do\u011fan zararlar\u0131n tazmini talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n k\u0131smen reddedilmesi nedeniyle ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere anayasal haklar\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Baz\u0131 sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131nca gerekli yasal izinler al\u0131narak 10\/10\/2015 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc 12.00-16.00 saatleri aras\u0131nda Ankara’da bar\u0131\u015f, emek ve demokrasi konulu bir miting yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Planlamaya g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fehirlerden gelen gruplar Ankara Tren Gar\u0131’nda toplanacak ve Talatpa\u015fa Bulvar\u0131, Opera Meydan\u0131 ile Atat\u00fcrk Bulvar\u0131’n\u0131 takiben S\u0131hh\u0131ye Meydan\u0131’na y\u00fcr\u00fcyecektir. Ankara Tren Gar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde 10\/10\/2015 tarihinde toplanan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrerken saat 10.04 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda pe\u015f pe\u015fe iki patlama meydana gelmi\u015f, olay nedeniyle pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Hasan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 [2. B.], B. No: 2018\/22085, 27\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 7, 8). Mitinge kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Antalya’dan Ankara’ya gelen ba\u015fvurucu da patlama sonucu v\u00fccuduna isabet eden bilye taneleri nedeniyle yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olay hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc soru\u015fturmada sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n DEA\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olan iki canl\u0131 bomba taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, olay \u00f6ncesinde yeterli g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda iki m\u00fclkiye ba\u015fm\u00fcfetti\u015fi ile iki polis ba\u015fm\u00fcfetti\u015fine \u00f6n inceleme yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. \u00d6n inceleme sonucunda haz\u0131rlanan raporda ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fu tespitler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
i. 29\/1\/2015 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Ankara Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00d6nleme ve M\u00fcdahale Plan\u0131’nda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7in faraziyelerin, al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemlerin ve hareket tarz\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f; toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lanlara d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan herhangi bir sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n olabilece\u011fi ihtimalinin de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bahse konu plana g\u00f6re G\u00fcvenlik \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn toplant\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler aras\u0131nda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile ilgili olarak elde edilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc istihbari bilgiyi s\u00fcratle de\u011ferlendirmek de vard\u0131r. Planda genel olarak al\u0131nacak tedbirleri planlama ve organize etme g\u00f6revlerinin G\u00fcvenlik \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ait oldu\u011fu, \u0130stihbarat ve Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele (TEM) \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin genel olarak toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesinden itibaren toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile ilgili olarak istihbarat toplama g\u00f6revini yerine getirecekleri belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. 10\/10\/2015 tarihinde S\u0131hhiye Meydan\u0131’nda yap\u0131lmak istenen miting i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, saat 08.00’den itibaren g\u00f6rev yapmak \u00fczere Asayi\u015f Harek\u00e2t Merkezi olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve toplant\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde bomba aramas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren alan aramalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplanma alan\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayacak \u015fekilde ki\u015filerin \u00fcstlerinin ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n aranmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n veren \u00f6nleme aramas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte toplanma alan\u0131 olan tren gar\u0131 ve \u00e7evresinde arama noktalar\u0131 olu\u015fturularak ki\u015filerin \u00fcstleri aranmam\u0131\u015f, ki\u015filerin \u00fcst aramas\u0131n\u0131n miting yeri olan S\u0131hhiye Meydan\u0131 giri\u015finde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
iii. Mitinge tahminen 10.000 ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 2.044 personelin g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan benzer mitinglere nazaran g\u00f6revlendirilen personel say\u0131s\u0131 yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
iv. Miting i\u00e7in al\u0131nacak g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerini ve personelin hareket tarz\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere Ankara Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcvenlik \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 8\/10\/2015 tarihli ve “emniyet tedbiri” konulu yaz\u0131s\u0131 ilgili birimlere g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bahse konu yaz\u0131da al\u0131nacak g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri ve personelin hareket tarz\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
v. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130stihbarat ve TEM \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine de\u011fi\u015fik kaynaklardan bir\u00e7ok istihbarat bilgisi gelmi\u015ftir. Bu istihbarat bilgilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ya yer, zaman ve ki\u015fiye ili\u015fkin somut bilgiler ihtiva etmemi\u015f ya da teyide muhta\u00e7 niteliktedir ancak s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen istihbarat bilgilerinin yine de g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerinin planlamas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda DEA\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile ili\u015fkili istihbarat\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ankara Tren Gar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde canl\u0131 bomba ter\u00f6r eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Y.E.A.n\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n canl\u0131 bomba eyleminde bulunabilece\u011fine ve irtibatl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 DEA\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn Diyarbak\u0131r ve Suru\u00e7 ter\u00f6r eylemlerinden sonra \u00fclkemizde ses getirecek ba\u015fka ter\u00f6r eylemi haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funa, halk\u0131n kalabal\u0131k oldu\u011fu yerlerde, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinde birden fazla canl\u0131 bomba eylemi yapabilece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik istihbaratlar son derece \u00f6nemlidir zira toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin yo\u011fun olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 illerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Ankara gelmektedir. Bu sebeple an\u0131lan nitelikteki bilgilerin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini planlamakla sorumlu il emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, emniyet birimleri hatta vali ile payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklidir. Buna ra\u011fmen TEM \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, emniyet tedbirlerinin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi veya s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla emniyet birimlerine \u00e7o\u011funlukla ayn\u0131 i\u00e7erikli yaz\u0131lar g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
vi. Gelen istihbarat bilgileri \u00fczerine TEM ve \u0130stihbarat \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri taraf\u0131ndan genellikle ki\u015filerin Ankara ile ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Suru\u00e7’ta meydana gelen patlama sonras\u0131nda birim m\u00fcd\u00fcrlerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile il emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda baz\u0131 toplant\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ter\u00f6r eylemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 daha duyarl\u0131 olunmas\u0131 konusunda tamim haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6nleyici tedbirler -bu tedbirlerin neler oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r- al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca TEM ve \u0130stihbarat \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin koordine etti\u011fi operasyonlar yap\u0131larak baz\u0131 ter\u00f6r eylemleri \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir (\u00f6n incelemeye dair s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve \u00f6n inceleme sonunda haz\u0131rlanan rapor hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Hasan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7\u00a7 11-14).<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucu, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuruda bulunarak bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 sonucu u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc manevi zararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucunun talebi z\u0131mnen reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucu, Ankara 7. \u0130dare Mahkemesi (\u0130dare Mahkemesi) nezdinde 150.000 TL manevi tazminat talepli tam yarg\u0131 davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde ba\u015fvurucu; sald\u0131r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde istihbarat bilgisine sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen idarenin sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve mitingle g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri almad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok iddiada bulunup g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u00f6lenlerin, yaralananlar\u0131n ve yaral\u0131lara yard\u0131m edenlerin \u00fczerine olaydan sonra gaz bombas\u0131 at\u0131p cankurtaranlar\u0131n olay yerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ilk yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 fiilen engelledi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca DEA\u015e sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyar\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili yerlerden getirtilmesi, DEA\u015e ile ilgili istihbarat bilgilerinin temini i\u00e7in yaz\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Ad\u0131yaman’da bulunan birimlerle yaz\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131larak DEA\u015e faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n istenmesi, Suru\u00e7’ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sald\u0131r\u0131yla ilgili olarak bilgi talep edilmesi, Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla konuyla ilgili yaz\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131l\u0131p ilgili bilgi ve belgelerin istenmesini talep etmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda miting \u00f6ncesinde mitinge kat\u0131lan ki\u015filerin g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan planlamalara, al\u0131nan fiil\u00ee tedbirlere ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm bilgi ve belgelerin Ankara Valili\u011fi ile Ankara Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden temin edilmesi gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131; savunmas\u0131nda idarenin hizmet kusurundan kaynaklanan bir g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, idarenin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen dikkat ve \u00f6zeni g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini, olay\u0131n bir ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu, patlamalar\u0131n miting alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve miting i\u00e7in kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan zaman diliminden \u00f6nce ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, idarenin hizmet kusuru bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 17\/7\/2004 tarihli ve 5233 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6r ve Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadeleden Do\u011fan Zararlar\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi, manevi zararlar\u0131n ise 5233 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
9. \u0130dare Mahkemesi dilek\u00e7eler a\u015famas\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra 23\/2\/2017 tarihli karar\u0131yla davay\u0131 k\u0131smen kabul ederek ba\u015fvurucuya 30.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesine, fazlaya ili\u015fkin taleplerin ise reddine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. 5233 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve sosyal risk ilkesine ili\u015fkin geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunulan karar gerek\u00e7esinde, ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 niteli\u011fini haiz olay nedeniyle yaralanan ba\u015fvurucunun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 elem ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc sonucu olu\u015fan manevi zarar\u0131n\u0131n tazmini talebinin 5233 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, bu ba\u011flamda ba\u015fvurucunun duymu\u015f oldu\u011fu ac\u0131 ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak manevi tazminat talebinin k\u0131smen kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesinin uygun oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurucu ile daval\u0131 idarenin istinaf talebi Ankara B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 10. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi (\u0130stinaf Mahkemesi) taraf\u0131ndan 23\/5\/2018 tarihinde reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvurucu ile daval\u0131 idare, \u0130stinaf Mahkemesi karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 temyiz kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Dan\u0131\u015ftay Onuncu Dairesi (Daire) 15\/12\/2020 tarihinde temyiz talepleriyle ilgili karar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Karar gerek\u00e7esinde, \u00f6ncelikle Dairenin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131 sonucu bir zarar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve idarenin gerek hizmet kusuru gerekse kusursuz sorumluluk h\u00e2llerinin olayda bulunmamas\u0131 durumunda 5233 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda gerekli inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131larak karar verilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7enin devam\u0131nda ayn\u0131 olay\u0131 temel alan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda farkl\u0131 idare mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan verilen ara kararlar\u0131 \u00fczerine Ankara Valili\u011fi (emniyet birimleri) taraf\u0131ndan verilen cevaplarda emniyet birimlerine konuya ili\u015fkin ihbarda bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u00f6n inceleme raporunda Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Ankara d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da emniyet birimine iletti\u011fi, DEA\u015e’\u0131n canl\u0131 bomba gibi eylemlerde bulunma haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yaz\u0131n\u0131n toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinde emniyet tedbiri almakla g\u00f6revli g\u00fcvenlik \u015fube m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne iletildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir bilge\/belge bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla beraber birden fazla birimle payla\u015f\u0131lan s\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131 nedeniyle elinde istihbari bilgi bulunan idarece \u00f6nceki standart uygulamadan ayr\u0131larak bu bilgiyi ilgili birimlere iletmesi, g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri almas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda gerekli hassasiyet ve \u00f6zenin g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilece\u011fini ancak s\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131 nedeniyle idarenin hizmet kusuru temelinde sorumlu tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n yer, zaman ve ki\u015fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan somut bir i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, bu ba\u011flamda olay \u00f6ncesine ili\u015fkin olarak idarenin hizmet kusurundan bahsedilemeyece\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7ede ayr\u0131ca \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n inceleme raporu ve Ankara Valili\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan sunulan Olay Tutana\u011f\u0131 ile emniyet tedbirleri konulu yaz\u0131 temel al\u0131narak idarenin \u00f6nceki uygulamalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda a\u00e7\u0131k hava toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda toplanma yeri ile ilgili herhangi bir genel araman\u0131n yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yeterli say\u0131da emniyet personelinin g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6nleyici ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fe y\u00f6nelik bomba aramalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek idarenin bu y\u00f6nden de kusurunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinin sunumu, yaral\u0131lara m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de olay yerinde yeterli say\u0131da ambulans\u0131n g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fini, sadece 65 dakika i\u00e7inde t\u00fcm yaral\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131na nakledildi\u011fini, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir ileti\u015fim aksakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek idarenin bu bak\u0131mdan da hizmet kusurunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 itibar\u0131yla somut olayda idarenin hizmet kusurunun ve\/veya kusursuz sorumlulu\u011funun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederek \u0130stinaf Mahkemesi h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Daire, karar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 idare mahkemelerinde has\u0131m konumuna al\u0131nmas\u0131na karar verilen Ankara Valili\u011finin savunmas\u0131ndan bahsetmi\u015ftir. Bu savunma ekinde; olay sonras\u0131 idareye y\u00f6nelik olarak -bir ba\u015fka tam yarg\u0131 davas\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen- hizmet kusuru iddialar\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlayan 17\/3\/2016 tarihli Ankara \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131s\u0131, olayda zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015filerin kimler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren liste, toplant\u0131ya izin verilmesine dair 30\/9\/2015 tarihli Ankara Valili\u011fi yaz\u0131s\u0131, olay sonras\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti sunumuna dair Ankara \u0130l Sa\u011fl\u0131k M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile 112 Acil \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ve Olay Tutana\u011f\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Ankara \u0130l Sa\u011fl\u0131k M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn an\u0131lan yaz\u0131s\u0131nda patlama \u00f6ncesinde olay yerinde tam te\u00e7hizatl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ambulans\u0131n bekletildi\u011fi, patlama ihbar\u0131 \u00fczerine olay yerine 57’si resm\u00ee, 5’i \u00f6zel olmak \u00fczere 62 ambulans\u0131n g\u00f6revlendirilerek yaral\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131na nakledildi\u011fi ve 65 dakika i\u00e7inde olay yerinde hi\u00e7bir yaral\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yine Ankara Valili\u011fi 112 Acil \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 29\/4\/2016 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda olaya ili\u015fkin olarak ilk \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n saat 10.05’te yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan 33 saniye sonra vaka formu d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak gerekli y\u00f6nlendirmelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te herhangi bir ileti\u015fim aksakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. Ankara Valili\u011finin savunma dilek\u00e7esi ekindeki 23\/10\/2015 tarihli Olay Tutana\u011f\u0131’nda ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fu tespitler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
i. Toplanma alan\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayacak \u015fekilde ki\u015filerin \u00fcstlerinin ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n aranmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n veren \u00f6nleme aramas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ii. Olay sabah\u0131 saat 06.02’den itibaren 500 bariyer kullan\u0131larak miting alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evrelenmesine ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
iii. Miting i\u00e7in gelen toplulu\u011fun hareketlerinin izlenmesi ve bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen Muhabere Elektronik \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (MOBESE ve telsiz) g\u00f6revlilerine ilaveten t\u00fcm birimlerden toplam 2.044 personel planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
iv. \u00d6zel Harek\u00e2t \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce yeteri kadar personel, talep edilmesi h\u00e2linde g\u00f6rev almak \u00fczere haz\u0131r bulundurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
v. Ankara Tren Gar\u0131 ile miting alan\u0131nda yeteri kadar itfaiye, ambulans ve zab\u0131ta g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
vi. Ankara vali yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda G\u00fcvenlik, Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele ve \u0130stihbarat \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri, \u0130l Jandarma Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi EGO M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u0130tfaiye Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130l Sa\u011fl\u0131k M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6revlilerinden olu\u015fan Asayi\u015f Harek\u00e2t Merkezi (Kriz Merkezi) olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
vii. Bomba \u0130mha ve \u0130nceleme \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 yeteri kadar g\u00f6revli ve bomba arama dedekt\u00f6r k\u00f6pek timleri ile birlikte ilk toplanma alan\u0131 ve S\u0131hhiye Meydan\u0131’na kadar olan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f g\u00fczergah\u0131nda bomba, patlay\u0131c\u0131, bereleyici ve benzeri madde aramas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
viii. Saat 09.00’da g\u00fcvenlik \u015fube m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Trafik Denetleme \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ekipler amirine arama noktalar\u0131na yak\u0131n yerlerdeki kamyonet ve panelvan tipi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n uzman ekiplerce kontrol edilerek kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talimat\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ix. Miting alan\u0131 ve bu alana \u00e7\u0131kan cadde ve sokaklar trafi\u011fe kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, belirli yerlerde giri\u015f arama koridorlar\u0131 ve polis zinciri olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Arama noktalar\u0131 ve polis zincirinde g\u00f6rev almak \u00fczere sekiz, toplamda ise 13 \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc birli\u011fi g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
x. Miting alan\u0131nda bulunan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra miting i\u00e7in kurulan platform, platform \u00e7evresi ve miting alan\u0131nda bomba arama dedekt\u00f6r k\u00f6pek timleri kullan\u0131larak bomba, patlay\u0131c\u0131, bereleyici ve benzeri madde aramas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. Ba\u015fvurucu, nihai h\u00fckm\u00fc 11\/7\/2021 tarihinde tebell\u00fc\u011f etmesinin ard\u0131ndan 9\/8\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
16. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
A. Ya\u015fam Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia <\/p>\n
17. Ba\u015fvurucu;<\/p>\n
i. \u0130zin al\u0131narak yap\u0131lacak mitingde bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fine dair ger\u00e7ek ve yak\u0131n bir riskin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu riskten haberdar olan kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n sahip olduklar\u0131 yetkiler kapsam\u0131nda ve makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde riskin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
ii. G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin olaydan sonra \u00f6lenlere ve yaral\u0131lara yard\u0131m edenlerin \u00fczerine gaz bombas\u0131 at\u0131p ambulanslar\u0131n olay yerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirdi\u011fini, olayda yeterince acil sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti sunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
iii. Yarg\u0131lama makamlar\u0131n\u0131n; ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddialar\u0131 dikkate almadan, yeterli ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmadan ve olayda hizmet kusurunun neden bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamadan sosyal risk ilkesine dayal\u0131 olarak yetersiz manevi tazminata h\u00fckmetti\u011fini belirterek ya\u015fam hakk\u0131, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ve etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
18. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; \u00f6ncelikle ba\u015fvurucu lehine sosyal risk ilkesi uyar\u0131nca h\u00fckmedilen manevi tazminata i\u015faret edilerek ba\u015fvurucunun u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n giderildi\u011fi ve bu nedenle ma\u011fdur s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalk\u0131p kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra miting i\u00e7in al\u0131nan tedbirler a\u00e7\u0131klanarak ba\u015fvurucunun yaralanmas\u0131na sebep olan patlaman\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak organize edildi\u011fi, zarar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n kusurundan do\u011fdu\u011fu, bireysel bir olay olan ter\u00f6r eylemine y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir ihbar\u0131n ya da istihbari bilginin idareye intikal etmedi\u011fi, meydana gelen ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 eylemini azmettiren, yard\u0131m eden ve i\u015ftirak eden kamu g\u00f6revlisi oldu\u011funa dair bilgi, belge ve delil elde edilemedi\u011fi, ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen \u00f6nlenmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ter\u00f6r eylemlerinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve engellenmesindeki imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131klar g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda mevcut olayda devletin kusur sorumlulu\u011funun bulundu\u011funu kabul etmenin kamu makamlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck meydana getirecek bir yorum oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Son olarak idareye kar\u015f\u0131 hizmet kusuru ya da sosyal risk ilkesine dayan\u0131larak a\u00e7\u0131lan tam yarg\u0131 davalar\u0131nda ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6denmesine h\u00fckmedilen tazminat miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirlerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini belirterek ba\u015fvurucuya \u00f6denen tazminat\u0131n yeterli oldu\u011funu ve ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen zarar\u0131n nedenlerini tespit etme ve zarar\u0131 giderme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeterince etkili \u015fekilde i\u015fletildi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyan\u0131nda ma\u011fdur s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015f ve ba\u015fvuru formundaki iddialar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvurucu, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin olaydan sonra \u00f6lenlere yard\u0131m edenlerin \u00fczerine gaz bombas\u0131 at\u0131p ambulanslar\u0131n olay yerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ise de \u00f6len herhangi bir yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle ba\u015fvurucunun an\u0131lan iddias\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 veya Anayasa ile Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin ortak koruma alan\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fka hak, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck veya yasak kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re bir olayda ya\u015fam hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilkelerin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlardan biri do\u011fal olmayan bir \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi olmakla birlikte baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6l\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmese dahi olay\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde incelenebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup bu inceleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken eylemin potansiyel olarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc nitelikte olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, maruz kal\u0131nan eylemin ma\u011fdurun fiziki b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerindeki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir (Mehmet Karada\u011f [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/2030, 26\/6\/2014, \u00a7 20; Yasin A\u011fca [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/13163, 11\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 10, 109). Ba\u015fvuruya konu ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, miting i\u00e7in toplanan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alanda bomba patlat\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olup \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc niteli\u011fi konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmayan bu sald\u0131r\u0131 nedeniyle 100’den fazla ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f; aralar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun da oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle ba\u015fvurunun ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenebilece\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Ba\u015fvurucunun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fik\u00e2yetleri esas olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte olan ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n idarenin kusuru nedeniyle engellenemedi\u011fi, a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 tazminat davas\u0131nda da aksi y\u00f6ndeki olgulara ra\u011fmen idarenin hizmet kusurunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yetersiz manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedildi\u011fine y\u00f6neliktir. Bu nedenle ba\u015fvurunun ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin maddi boyutu ile etkili soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fctme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin usul boyutu kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
23. Ba\u015fvuruya konu ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda yaralanan veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131 vefat eden pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan Anayasa Mahkemesine sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve \u00f6nlenebilir olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen idarenin sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 kusuru nedeniyle \u00f6nleyemedi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla \u00e7ok say\u0131da ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u015fvurulara konu yarg\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda olay\u0131n meydana gelmesinde idarenin kusurunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ancak bu sonuca nas\u0131l var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir gerek\u00e7e sunulmam\u0131\u015f; bir k\u0131s\u0131m yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde ise idarenin olay\u0131n meydana gelmesinde kusuru oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin iddialar hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmadan sosyal risk ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde inceleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi, birinci grup yarg\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutu kapsam\u0131nda incelemi\u015f ve idari yarg\u0131 mercilerinin Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin gerektirdi\u011fi titizlikte inceleme yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zira uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in gerekli delilleri toplamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\/veya ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u00f6rnek kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Hasan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7; Okan Alada\u011f [2. B.], B. No: 2019\/20420, 24\/11\/2021). \u0130kinci grup yarg\u0131sal s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ise ya\u015fam hakk\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u015fvurularda ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n iddialar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden teoride ve uygulamada etkili olan tam yarg\u0131 davas\u0131 yolunun, meselenin yaln\u0131zca sosyal risk ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle etkisiz k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131p ya\u015fam\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik ihlalin tespit edilmesi hususunda ba\u015fvuruculara ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131 sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (\u00f6rnek kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Celaleddin \u00c7akmak [2. B.], B. No: 2018\/22072, 11\/3\/2021; Ali H\u0131d\u0131r Tekin [1. B.], B. No: 2018\/35243, 15\/9\/2021). Eldeki ba\u015fvuruya konu yarg\u0131sal s\u00fcre\u00e7te Daire, toplanan deliller \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde idarenin kusurunun bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeler yapm\u0131\u015f ve idarenin kusurunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa Mahkemesinin daha \u00f6nce karara ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvurulardan ayr\u0131lan bu ba\u015fvuruda, hem ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin maddi boyutu hem de etkili soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fctme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin usul boyutu incelenmelidir.<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa Mahkemesi Hasan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ba\u015fvurusunda, yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda sosyal risk ilkesi uyar\u0131nca ba\u015fvurucu lehine h\u00fckmedilen tazminat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede yarg\u0131lamada ya\u015fam\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir tespitte bulunulmamas\u0131 ve idarenin kusursuz sorumluluk ilkesi uyar\u0131nca olaydan sorumlu oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesi nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucunun ma\u011fdur s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (an\u0131lan kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 41-43). Somut ba\u015fvuru bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da bu de\u011ferlendirmeden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirecek bir durum bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
1. Ya\u015fam Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Maddi Boyutunun \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
26. Anayasa’n\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan 17. maddesinin kendisine y\u00fckledi\u011fi pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler uyar\u0131nca devlet; yetki alan\u0131ndaki bireylerin ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 kamu g\u00f6revlileri ile di\u011fer bireylerin eylemlerinden hatta ki\u015filerin kendi eylemlerinden kaynaklanabilecek risklere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma \u00f6devi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r (G\u00f6khan Yi\u011fit Ko\u00e7 ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2019\/25727, 28\/7\/2022, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
27. Koruma \u00f6devinin yerine getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in devletin ya\u015fam hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelen tehdit ve risklere kar\u015f\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve koruyucu yasal ve idari \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturmas\u0131 (\u0130pek Deniz ve di\u011ferleri [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/1595, 21\/4\/2016, \u00a7 149; T.A. [GK], B. No: 2017\/32972, 29\/9\/2021, \u00a7 135), bir ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ek ve yak\u0131n bir tehlikenin bulundu\u011funun kamu makamlar\u0131nca bilindi\u011fi ya da bilinmesi gerekti\u011fi durumlarda organlar\u0131 veya g\u00f6revlileri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve bu tehlikenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini \u00f6nleyebilecek \u015fekilde \u00f6nlemler almas\u0131 (T.A., \u00a7 136; G\u00f6khan Yi\u011fit Ko\u00e7 ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 36) hatta \u00f6nceden belirlenebilir bir veya daha fazla bireyin ya\u015fam\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir tehdit s\u00f6z konusu olmasa bile ki\u015filerin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in genel g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri almas\u0131 gerekir (Mehmet \u00c7etinkaya ve Maide \u00c7etinkaya [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/1280, 28\/5\/2014, \u00a7 59). Bu \u00f6dev, bireylerin ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n ter\u00f6rden kaynaklanan bir tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu durumlar i\u00e7in de s\u00f6z konusudur (Mehmet \u00c7etinkaya ve Maide \u00c7etinkaya, \u00a7 62).<\/p>\n
28. \u00d6te yandan yetkili makamlardan ya\u015famla ilgili her t\u00fcrl\u00fc potansiyel tehdidin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in somut tedbirler almas\u0131 beklenemeyece\u011fi (Mehmet \u00c7etinkaya ve Maide \u00c7etinkaya, \u00a7 60) gibi \u00f6zellikle insan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezli\u011fi, \u00f6ncelikler ve kaynaklar de\u011ferlendirilerek yap\u0131lacak i\u015flem veya y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek faaliyet tercihi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kamu makamlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde yorumlanmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ad\u0131na pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6ntem benimsenebilir ve mevzuatta d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f herhangi bir tedbirin yerine getirilmesinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olunsa bile pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler di\u011fer bir tedbirle yerine getirilebilir. Unutulmamas\u0131 gerekir ki ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin yerine getirilmesi kapsam\u0131nda al\u0131nacak tedbirlerin belirlenmesi, idari ve yarg\u0131sal makamlar\u0131n takdirindedir (Bilal Turan ve di\u011ferleri (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/2075, 4\/12\/2013, \u00a7 59; T.A., \u00a7\u00a7 136, 137; G\u00f6khan Yi\u011fit Ko\u00e7 ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 37).<\/p>\n
29. Ba\u015fvuruya konu olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r’da, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 Temmuz ay\u0131nda ise \u015eanl\u0131urfa’n\u0131n Suru\u00e7 il\u00e7esinde kitlesel kalabal\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan olay\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nceden duyurulan ve izin verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kitlesel etkinliklere y\u00f6nelik ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 konusunda bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck do\u011fdu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bununla birlikte an\u0131lan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck mutlak nitelikte de\u011fildir ve devletin somut olaydan sorumlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n 10\/10\/2015 tarihinde yap\u0131lacak etkinli\u011fe kat\u0131lacak ki\u015filerin ya\u015famlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ek ve yak\u0131n riski bilip bilmedikleri veya bilmelerinin gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi, biliyor ya da bilmeleri gerekiyorsa sald\u0131r\u0131 riskini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kendilerinden makul olarak beklenebilecek gerekli \u00f6nleyici tedbirleri al\u0131p almad\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r (Suru\u00e7’taki sald\u0131r\u0131 olay\u0131ndan kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurudaki benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. Ali Sadet ve di\u011ferleri [2. B.], B. No: 2018\/6838, 8\/6\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 83-86).<\/p>\n
30. Daire karar\u0131ndaki tespitler (bkz. \u00a7 11) ve Hasan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ba\u015fvurusundaki bilgi ve belgeler nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvuruya konu olaydaki hi\u00e7bir unsur kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n 10\/10\/2015 tarihli g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik belirli, somut ve yak\u0131n bir tehdit bulundu\u011funu bildiklerine veya bilmeleri gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret etmemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca yetkililerin g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lan ki\u015filerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla g\u00f6steri alan\u0131na barikat kurulmas\u0131, iki binin \u00fczerinde personel g\u00f6revlendirilmesi, miting alan\u0131na girenlerin aranmas\u0131, alan ve \u00e7evresinde patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde aramas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi makul olarak kabul edilebilecek bir dizi tedbir ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 da (bkz. \u00a7 14) g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
31. Ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra da yetkililerin acil kurtarma hizmetlerinin derh\u00e2l olay yerine g\u00f6nderilebilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, olay\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olu\u015fan kaos ortam\u0131na ra\u011fmen nispeten h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeterli tedavinin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (bkz. \u00a7 13). Ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fekilde polis sald\u0131r\u0131dan hemen sonra kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak ve kolluk kuvvetlerinin olay yerine eri\u015fimini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz kullanm\u0131\u015fsa da bu uygulaman\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n yaral\u0131lara ilk yard\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale etmesini herhangi bir \u015fekilde engelledi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tespit yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki ba\u015fvurucu, yeterli acil sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti sunulmayanlar aras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu veya olay yerinde kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince kullan\u0131lan gaza maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
32. Belirtilen bu hususlar ve 12.00-16.00 saatleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan g\u00f6sterinin haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi s\u0131rada hen\u00fcz g\u00f6steri ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f iken saat 10.04’te pe\u015fi s\u0131ra iki patlaman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi hususu da g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa Mahkemesinin genel anlamda bulundu\u011fu kabul edilen ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 riskinin idare taraf\u0131ndan hafife al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya bu risk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha iyi planlama ve di\u011fer \u00f6nleyici tedbirlere ba\u015fvurularak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen neticenin \u00f6nlenebilece\u011fini de\u011ferlendirebilecek bir konumda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Yap\u0131lan belirlemeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n 10\/10\/2015 tarihli g\u00f6steriyle ilgili olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, ciddi ve yak\u0131n bir ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 tehdidi oldu\u011fundan habersiz oldu\u011fu ve bu t\u00fcr bir ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin do\u011fas\u0131nda var olan \u00f6zel zorluklar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fen sorumlulu\u011fu yerine getirmedi\u011finin s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (ayn\u0131 olay hakk\u0131nda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. Sel\u00e7uk\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 23093\/20, 9\/7\/2024).<\/p>\n
34. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvuruda ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n maddi boyutunun ihlal edilmedi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. Ya\u015fam Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Usul Boyutunun \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden <\/p>\n
35. Pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda devletin ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan yasal ve idari \u00e7er\u00e7evenin gere\u011fi gibi uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu hakka y\u00f6nelik ihlallerin durdurulup cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak etkili bir yarg\u0131sal sistem kurma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, kamusal olsun veya olmas\u0131n, ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n tehlikeye girebilece\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erlidir (T.A., \u00a7 134; G\u00f6khan Yi\u011fit Ko\u00e7 ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 38).<\/p>\n
36. Ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline kasten sebebiyet verilmemi\u015f ise etkili bir yarg\u0131sal sistem kurma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck her olayda mutlaka ceza davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez. Ma\u011fdurlara hukuki, idari hatta disiplinle ilgili hukuk yollar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 yeterli olabilir (Nafia Sevin Erg\u00fcn Sefada ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2014\/14844, 1\/12\/2016, \u00a7 63).<\/p>\n
37. Ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki sorumlulu\u011fu ortaya koymak ad\u0131na adli ve idari yarg\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat talepli davalarda makul derecede ivedilik ve \u00f6zen \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmesi gerekmektedir (Perihan U\u00e7ar ve di\u011ferleri [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/5860, 1\/12\/2015, \u00a7 52; G\u00f6khan Yi\u011fit Ko\u00e7 ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 39) ancak yarg\u0131 mercilerinin \u00f6zenli inceleme yapma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ile ilgili her davada mutlaka ma\u011fdurlar lehine sonuca var\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti etmez (Aysun Okumu\u015f ve Aytekin Okumu\u015f [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/4086, 20\/4\/2016, \u00a7 73; G\u00f6khan Yi\u011fit Ko\u00e7 ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 40).<\/p>\n
38. Ba\u015fvurucunun ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun ihlal edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddias\u0131 idarenin hizmet kusurunun tespit edilip bunun neticesinde do\u011fan zararlardan sorumlu tutulmas\u0131 gerekirken bu husus g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilerek taleplerinin k\u0131smen reddedilmesine y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n
39. Daire nihai karar\u0131nda, hizmet kusurunun hatta kusursuz sorumluluk h\u00e2linin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131rken ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nce mevcut olan bilgilere dayanarak durumu de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f ve yetkililerin ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterecek herhangi bir bilgiye sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca kararda s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6steriyle ilgili olarak yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan yeterli g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaral\u0131lar\u0131n ambulansla en yak\u0131n hastanelere tahliye ettirilmesi nedeniyle sald\u0131r\u0131dan 65 dakika sonra olay yerinde hi\u00e7 yaral\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, saat 10.05’te 112 Acil Servis arand\u0131ktan 33 saniye sonra acil servislerin acil bak\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131 olanlara \u00f6ncelik vermek \u00fczere koordine olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli servisler aras\u0131nda ileti\u015fimde herhangi bir kopukluk ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama neticesinde ba\u015fvurucunun manevi tazminat talebi sosyal risk ilkesi uyar\u0131nca k\u0131smen kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
40. Mevcut durumda yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada yaralanma olay\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen ko\u015fullar\u0131n tespiti ve ba\u015fvurucunun iddialar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda idarenin sorumlulu\u011funun belirlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli makul ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve elde edilen deliller kapsam\u0131nda idarenin hizmet kusuru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda nesnel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilenerek gerekli irdelemelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yarg\u0131lama sonunda ise ba\u015fvurucunun ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifleten sosyal risk ilkesi benimsenerek bu ilke uyar\u0131nca belli miktarda manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir. Somut olay a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ya\u015fam\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edilmedi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmas\u0131 da g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n etkili soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fctme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin usul boyutunun gerekliliklerinin yerine getirilmedi\u011finin s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
41. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvuruda ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun ihlal edilmedi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
42. Ba\u015fvurucu, baz\u0131 ki\u015filerce tutuklaman\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davalar\u0131nda bile daha y\u00fcksek manevi tazminatlara h\u00fckmedildi\u011fini belirterek ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
43. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n incelenebilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurucunun kendisiyle benzer durumdaki ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik farkl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n me\u015fru bir temeli olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, din, dil vb. ayr\u0131mc\u0131 bir nedene dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 makul delillerle ortaya koymas\u0131 gerekir (Adnan Oktar (3) [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/1123, 2\/10\/2013, \u00a7 50).<\/p>\n
44. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucu, kendisine hangi nedenle ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddialar\u0131n temellendirilemedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
45. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
C. K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
46. Ba\u015fvurucu ayr\u0131ca olay sonras\u0131nda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu manzara ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ruhsal travman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 derecede d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131ndaki hi\u00e7bir unsur bu iddia hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131 bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurudaki temel mesele ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011fidir ve bu mesele zaten incelenmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 17-41). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddia hakk\u0131nda inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D. Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc D\u00fczenleme Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
47. Ba\u015fvurucu, g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir ancak k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddia hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddia y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu nedenle toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. 1. Ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
2. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131n \u0130NCELENMES\u0130NE GEREK OLMADI\u011eINA,<\/p>\n
C. 1. Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n maddi boyutunun \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde BIRAKILMASINA,<\/p>\n
E. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 15\/4\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 15\/4\/2025 tarihli ve 2021\/32238 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR PINAR ALKAN BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/32238) Karar Tarihi: 15\/4\/2025 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Metin KIRATLI Raport\u00f6r : \u015eehadet \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK Ba\u015fvurucu : P\u0131nar ALKAN Vekili : Av. Bedia BORAN BULUT I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, kamu makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve \u00f6nlenebilir nitelikteki canl\u0131 bomba sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonucu meydana gelen yaralanma ve bu olaydan do\u011fan zararlar\u0131n tazmini talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n k\u0131smen reddedilmesi nedeniyle ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere anayasal haklar\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Baz\u0131 sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131nca gerekli yasal izinler al\u0131narak 10\/10\/2015 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc 12.00-16.00 saatleri aras\u0131nda Ankara’da bar\u0131\u015f, emek ve demokrasi konulu bir miting yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Planlamaya g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fehirlerden gelen gruplar Ankara Tren Gar\u0131’nda toplanacak ve Talatpa\u015fa Bulvar\u0131, Opera Meydan\u0131 ile Atat\u00fcrk Bulvar\u0131’n\u0131 takiben S\u0131hh\u0131ye Meydan\u0131’na y\u00fcr\u00fcyecektir. Ankara Tren Gar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde 10\/10\/2015 tarihinde toplanan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrerken saat 10.04 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda pe\u015f pe\u015fe iki patlama meydana gelmi\u015f, olay nedeniyle pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Hasan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 [2. B.], B. No: 2018\/22085, 27\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 7, 8). Mitinge kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Antalya’dan Ankara’ya gelen ba\u015fvurucu da patlama sonucu v\u00fccuduna isabet eden bilye taneleri nedeniyle yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olay hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc soru\u015fturmada sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-141563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n