Kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6revleri sebebiyle i\u015fledikleri iddia olunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 izin \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak soru\u015fturulup kovu\u015fturulabilecekleri, bunun istisnas\u0131n\u0131n ise 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu m.161\/5-8 ve 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmas\u0131, R\u00fc\u015fvet ve Yolsuzluklarla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 17. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7lar oldu\u011fu, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n izne, yani takip \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmekteyiz.<\/p>\n
Kamu g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revleri sebebiyle i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n nitelendirilmesinde sorun ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi gibi, hangi su\u00e7un kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda da netlik olmayabilir. Kanun koyucu, \u201ckamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7\u201d \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcne yer vermek suretiyle g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131p, yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ancak soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma izninin al\u0131nmas\u0131 halinde kamu g\u00f6revlisinin sorumlulu\u011fu yoluna gidilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bu tespit, g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7un tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda sorunsuz yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. G\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunun net olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201cg\u00f6rev su\u00e7u\u201d say\u0131lamayacak durumlarda, neyin g\u00f6rev sebebiyle icra edilip edilmedi\u011fini belirlemek \u00e7ok zor olabilecektir. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131na ve unsurlar\u0131na bakmak suretiyle kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7un varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya yoklu\u011funa karar verilemez. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan hareketle, g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla izin al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fundan bahsedilemez.<\/p>\n
Burada en \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fma konusu, ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131 itibariyle g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u say\u0131lamayacak veya g\u00f6revden kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Memurlar ve Di\u011fer Kamu G\u00f6revlilerinin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun uyar\u0131nca soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda toplan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak su\u00e7unun g\u00f6revle ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak, y\u00f6netmek, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olmak veya \u00fcyesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015flemek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m ve yatakl\u0131k etmek su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyemeyece\u011fi, bu sebeple de su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensubu kamu g\u00f6revlisi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131z. S\u0131rf su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan hareketle kamu g\u00f6revlisinin i\u015fleyip i\u015fleyemeyece\u011fi su\u00e7 farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na gidilemez. G\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n neler oldu\u011fu, su\u00e7un ad\u0131na ve unsurlar\u0131na bak\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle tespit edilemez. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan ziyade, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin su\u00e7a g\u00f6revi sebebiyle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kamu g\u00f6revlisinin \u00f6rg\u00fcte kat\u0131lma ve yard\u0131m su\u00e7lar\u0131nda \u00fcstlendi\u011fi rol, verdi\u011fi maddi veya manevi deste\u011fin kayna\u011f\u0131 ifa etti\u011fi kamu g\u00f6revi ve kamu g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan yetkiler oldu\u011funda, bu su\u00e7un kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 say\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir. Kamu g\u00f6revlisinin resmi belgede sahtecilik, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, mala zarar verme, cebir, g\u00f6revin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015flemesi ne kadar m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu m.220\u2019de tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak, y\u00f6netmek, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcyesi olmak veya \u00fcyesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015flemek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m ve yatakl\u0131k etmek su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015flemesi ihtimal dahilindedir.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn mesele, yasal tan\u0131mda yer alan \u201ckamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7\u201d kriterine ne anlam y\u00fcklendi\u011finde toplanmaktad\u0131r. Esas\u0131nda her su\u00e7; kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revine girmeyece\u011fi gibi, g\u00f6revin usule uygun \u015fekilde ifas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda da a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Kamu g\u00f6revlisi, g\u00f6revinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak veya g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan yetkisini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak veya g\u00f6revinin ifas\u0131n\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir amaca tahsis etmek iddias\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir. Hatta 2937 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet \u0130stihbarat Hizmetleri ve Milli \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 26. maddesine g\u00f6re; M\u0130T mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken, g\u00f6revin niteli\u011finden do\u011fan veya g\u00f6revin ifas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015fledikleri iddia olunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 yarg\u0131 dokunulmazl\u0131klar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu dokunulmazl\u0131k, ancak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 izni ile kalkmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kanaatimizce \u00f6nemli olan; kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle, yani g\u00f6revini yerine getirirken, g\u00f6revinin niteli\u011finden dolay\u0131 ve M\u0130T ve Telekom\u00fcnikasyon \u0130leti\u015fim Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mensuplar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ek olarak g\u00f6revin ifas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda su\u00e7a konu eylemin i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fidir. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan hareketle, soru\u015fturma iznine gerek olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilemez. Kamu g\u00f6revlisi, g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan yetkiyi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak suretiyle su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, sahip oldu\u011fu yetkileri su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015fsa, CMK m.161\/8 ve 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 17. maddesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 yolu a\u00e7\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n
Bir kamu g\u00f6revi ile g\u00f6revlendirilen ki\u015fi, bu kamu faaliyetinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6revinin gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere uygun hareket etmek zorundad\u0131r. Bir su\u00e7un g\u00f6revle ilgili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda dikkate al\u0131nabilecek bir\u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct bulunmakla birlikte; g\u00f6revle ilgili su\u00e7lar genel olarak g\u00f6revin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6revde s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6rev sebebiyle haks\u0131z yarar sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gibi esas itibariyle ifa edilen kamu g\u00f6revinin usul\u00fcne uygun olarak kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda g\u00fcndeme gelecektir.<\/p>\n
Burada dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken temel mesele; ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen fiilin verilen kamu g\u00f6revi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, yani kamu g\u00f6revlisine verilen bir g\u00f6revin bulunmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fudur. Kamu g\u00f6revlisinin; kendisine verilen g\u00f6revi kasten, kast\u0131 a\u015fmak suretiyle veya ihmalen usul\u00fcne uygun olarak yerine getirmemesi veya mevzuata ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak g\u00f6revi gere\u011fi yapmamas\u0131 gereken bir \u015feyi yapmas\u0131 durumunda g\u00f6revle ilgili olan, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiil ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil bir su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etti\u011fi durumda, g\u00f6revle ilgili su\u00e7un varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse; bir toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde g\u00f6rev alan kolluk kuvvetinin, toplant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda, uyar\u0131da bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kuvvet kullanmas\u0131 veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kuvvet kullanmas\u0131 halinde g\u00f6revle ilgili olarak i\u015flenmi\u015f kasten yaralama su\u00e7undan bahsedilecektir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin r\u00fc\u015fvet almas\u0131 veya kendisine teslim edilen bir mal\u0131 zimmetine ge\u00e7irmesi de g\u00f6revi alan\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin r\u00fc\u015fvet almas\u0131 veya zilyetli\u011findeki mal\u0131 zimmetine ge\u00e7irmesi g\u00f6revler aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc r\u00fc\u015fvet al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya mal\u0131n zimmete ge\u00e7irilmesi, bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri aras\u0131na girmez.<\/p>\n
Bu sebeple; s\u0131rf su\u00e7 veya ad\u0131ndan hareketle bir su\u00e7un g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmek, bu kapsamda ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6neticili\u011fi veya \u00fcyeli\u011fi ya da cebir ve \u015fiddete dayal\u0131 olarak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ortadan kald\u0131rmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etmek su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revle ilgili saymamak isabetli olmayacakt\u0131r. Burada \u00f6nemli olan; fail taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revin ifas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan yetkisini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak veya a\u015farak su\u00e7a konu fiili icra edip etmedi\u011fi hususun tespit edilmesidir. \u201cG\u00f6rev su\u00e7u\u201d gibi bir ibare de meseleyi a\u00e7\u0131klamaktan uzakt\u0131r. Bir su\u00e7un g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u olmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya g\u00f6revle ilgili olarak i\u015flenip i\u015flenilmemesinden bahsedilebilir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin Y\u00fcce Divan s\u0131fat\u0131 ile hakk\u0131nda yarg\u0131lama yapacaklar\u0131 ki\u015filer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa m.148\/6-7\u2019ye g\u00f6re; \u201cAnayasa Mahkemesi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, bakanlar\u0131, Anayasa Mahkemesi, Yarg\u0131tay, Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u00a0Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyelerini, Ba\u015fsavc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekilini, Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulu ve Say\u0131\u015ftay Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyelerini g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 Y\u00fcce Divan s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lar. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlar\u0131 da g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 Y\u00fcce Divanda yarg\u0131lan\u0131rlar\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcce Divan taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131labilmesinin ko\u015fulu, Anayasada say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin g\u00f6revleri ile ilgili olarak su\u00e7 i\u015flediklerine dair iddialar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, hangi tipte olursa olsun su\u00e7 i\u015flemek Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revine girmez. Ancak bir su\u00e7, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi ile ilgili olabilir, g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanabilir (g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131), g\u00f6revi sebebiyle veya g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenebilir. Bu noktada \u00f6nemli olan, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan bir yetkiyi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131p kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cG\u00f6revi ile ilgili\u201d, \u201cg\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan\u201d ve \u201cg\u00f6revi sebebiyle\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 anlamda g\u00f6rmek gerekir. \u201cG\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda\u201d kavram\u0131 ise bunlardan farkl\u0131 olup, i\u015flenen su\u00e7un g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 ve s\u0131rf g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenen adi bir su\u00e7 niteli\u011fini haiz olmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Hukuku incelendi\u011finde, \u201ckamu kudreti kullanan\u201d, \u201ckamu g\u00f6revlisi\u201d ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00f6zel s\u0131fatlar dikkate al\u0131nmak suretiyle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen istisnai yarg\u0131 dokunulmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct birli\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kimi kuralda dar ve kimi kuralda da geni\u015f dokunulmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmek isteriz.<\/p>\n
Yine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia olunan bir su\u00e7un g\u00f6revi alan\u0131na girmesi, g\u00f6revi ile ilgili bir konudan kaynaklanmas\u0131, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karargah\u0131nda icra edilen bir tasarruftan do\u011fmas\u0131, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin kapsam\u0131na girecek tasarruf hususunda olmas\u0131, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yetki hududunu a\u015fmas\u0131 veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmas\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda, iddian\u0131n “g\u00f6revle ilgili” kavram kapsam\u0131nda ve r\u00fctbesini ve kimli\u011fini kullansa dahi \u00f6zel, aile hayat\u0131 veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan iddialar\u0131n ise \u201cg\u00f6revle ilgisi bulunmayan\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi uygun olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn mesele; su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan ziyade, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkilerini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisi kurulabilecek bir su\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kamu g\u00f6revlisi, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu kamu kudreti kullan\u0131m\u0131 yetkilerinden dolay\u0131 kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu yetkilerini \u00f6rg\u00fcte tahsis etmi\u015fse, CMK m.161\/5-8 ve 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n tipine uygunluk ta\u015f\u0131mayan eylemlerden dolay\u0131 do\u011frudan sorumlu tutulamayacakt\u0131r. Belki bu sorumluluk; 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 17. maddesinde say\u0131lan bankac\u0131l\u0131k, irtikap, r\u00fc\u015fvet, zimmet, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, Devlet s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n if\u015fas\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131nda do\u011frudan ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011finden; bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015flenmesi halinde de su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak, y\u00f6netmek, \u00fcyesi olmak, \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015flemek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m ve yatakl\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 da kamu g\u00f6revlisi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma iznine gerek kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n do\u011frudan soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilecektir.<\/p>\n
Burada ikili bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f g\u00fcndeme gelebilir; birinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, ama\u00e7 su\u00e7 olarak 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 17. maddesinde say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyen su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde, tespiti yap\u0131lan bu illiyet ba\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 TCK m.220 ile ilgili soru\u015fturma izni almaya gerek yoktur. \u00d6rne\u011fin 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 4. maddesinde, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unun bir su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmesi hali a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 neden say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile ilgili ayr\u0131 soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re; ancak kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan ama\u00e7 su\u00e7un a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nedeni say\u0131lan su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc d\u00fczenlemesi varsa, bundan dolay\u0131 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131na gerek olmay\u0131p, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flenmesinde kullan\u0131lan su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc iddias\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, TCK m.220\u2019nin ayr\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 tan\u0131mlay\u0131p bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n da 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 17. maddesinde yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle, 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc iddias\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fan kamu g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu devam eder. Biz bu son d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi desteklemekteyiz.<\/p>\n
(Bu makale, say\u0131n\u00a0Prof. Dr. Ersan \u015eEN\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0www.hukukihaber.net\u00a0sitesinde yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak g\u00f6sterilse dahi makalenin tamam\u0131 \u00f6zel izin al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak al\u0131nt\u0131lanan makalenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, aktif link verilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeden k\u0131smen ya da tamamen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u015fahsi haklara ve fikri haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder.)<\/p>\n
\u200bKamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6revleri sebebiyle i\u015fledikleri iddia olunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 izin \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak soru\u015fturulup kovu\u015fturulabilecekleri, bunun istisnas\u0131n\u0131n ise 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu m.161\/5-8 ve 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmas\u0131, R\u00fc\u015fvet ve Yolsuzluklarla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 17. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7lar oldu\u011fu, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n izne, yani takip \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmekteyiz.<\/p>\n
Kamu g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revleri sebebiyle i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n nitelendirilmesinde sorun ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi gibi, hangi su\u00e7un kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda da netlik olmayabilir. Kanun koyucu, \u201ckamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7\u201d \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcne yer vermek suretiyle g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131p, yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ancak soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma izninin al\u0131nmas\u0131 halinde kamu g\u00f6revlisinin sorumlulu\u011fu yoluna gidilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bu tespit, g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7un tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda sorunsuz yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. G\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunun net olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201cg\u00f6rev su\u00e7u\u201d say\u0131lamayacak durumlarda, neyin g\u00f6rev sebebiyle icra edilip edilmedi\u011fini belirlemek \u00e7ok zor olabilecektir. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131na ve unsurlar\u0131na bakmak suretiyle kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7un varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya yoklu\u011funa karar verilemez. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan hareketle, g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla izin al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fundan bahsedilemez.<\/p>\n
Burada en \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fma konusu, ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131 itibariyle g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u say\u0131lamayacak veya g\u00f6revden kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Memurlar ve Di\u011fer Kamu G\u00f6revlilerinin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun uyar\u0131nca soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda toplan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak su\u00e7unun g\u00f6revle ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak, y\u00f6netmek, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olmak veya \u00fcyesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015flemek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m ve yatakl\u0131k etmek su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyemeyece\u011fi, bu sebeple de su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensubu kamu g\u00f6revlisi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131z. S\u0131rf su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan hareketle kamu g\u00f6revlisinin i\u015fleyip i\u015fleyemeyece\u011fi su\u00e7 farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na gidilemez. G\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n neler oldu\u011fu, su\u00e7un ad\u0131na ve unsurlar\u0131na bak\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle tespit edilemez. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan ziyade, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin su\u00e7a g\u00f6revi sebebiyle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kamu g\u00f6revlisinin \u00f6rg\u00fcte kat\u0131lma ve yard\u0131m su\u00e7lar\u0131nda \u00fcstlendi\u011fi rol, verdi\u011fi maddi veya manevi deste\u011fin kayna\u011f\u0131 ifa etti\u011fi kamu g\u00f6revi ve kamu g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan yetkiler oldu\u011funda, bu su\u00e7un kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 say\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir. Kamu g\u00f6revlisinin resmi belgede sahtecilik, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, mala zarar verme, cebir, g\u00f6revin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015flemesi ne kadar m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu m.220\u2019de tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak, y\u00f6netmek, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcyesi olmak veya \u00fcyesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015flemek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m ve yatakl\u0131k etmek su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015flemesi ihtimal dahilindedir.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn mesele, yasal tan\u0131mda yer alan \u201ckamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7\u201d kriterine ne anlam y\u00fcklendi\u011finde toplanmaktad\u0131r. Esas\u0131nda her su\u00e7; kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revine girmeyece\u011fi gibi, g\u00f6revin usule uygun \u015fekilde ifas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda da a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Kamu g\u00f6revlisi, g\u00f6revinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak veya g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan yetkisini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak veya g\u00f6revinin ifas\u0131n\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir amaca tahsis etmek iddias\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir. Hatta 2937 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet \u0130stihbarat Hizmetleri ve Milli \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 26. maddesine g\u00f6re; M\u0130T mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken, g\u00f6revin niteli\u011finden do\u011fan veya g\u00f6revin ifas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015fledikleri iddia olunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 yarg\u0131 dokunulmazl\u0131klar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu dokunulmazl\u0131k, ancak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 izni ile kalkmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kanaatimizce \u00f6nemli olan; kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle, yani g\u00f6revini yerine getirirken, g\u00f6revinin niteli\u011finden dolay\u0131 ve M\u0130T ve Telekom\u00fcnikasyon \u0130leti\u015fim Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mensuplar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ek olarak g\u00f6revin ifas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda su\u00e7a konu eylemin i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fidir. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan hareketle, soru\u015fturma iznine gerek olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilemez. Kamu g\u00f6revlisi, g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan yetkiyi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak suretiyle su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, sahip oldu\u011fu yetkileri su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015fsa, CMK m.161\/8 ve 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 17. maddesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 yolu a\u00e7\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n
Bir kamu g\u00f6revi ile g\u00f6revlendirilen ki\u015fi, bu kamu faaliyetinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6revinin gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere uygun hareket etmek zorundad\u0131r. Bir su\u00e7un g\u00f6revle ilgili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda dikkate al\u0131nabilecek bir\u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct bulunmakla birlikte; g\u00f6revle ilgili su\u00e7lar genel olarak g\u00f6revin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6revde s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6rev sebebiyle haks\u0131z yarar sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gibi esas itibariyle ifa edilen kamu g\u00f6revinin usul\u00fcne uygun olarak kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda g\u00fcndeme gelecektir.<\/p>\n
Burada dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken temel mesele; ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen fiilin verilen kamu g\u00f6revi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, yani kamu g\u00f6revlisine verilen bir g\u00f6revin bulunmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fudur. Kamu g\u00f6revlisinin; kendisine verilen g\u00f6revi kasten, kast\u0131 a\u015fmak suretiyle veya ihmalen usul\u00fcne uygun olarak yerine getirmemesi veya mevzuata ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak g\u00f6revi gere\u011fi yapmamas\u0131 gereken bir \u015feyi yapmas\u0131 durumunda g\u00f6revle ilgili olan, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiil ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil bir su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etti\u011fi durumda, g\u00f6revle ilgili su\u00e7un varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse; bir toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde g\u00f6rev alan kolluk kuvvetinin, toplant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda, uyar\u0131da bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kuvvet kullanmas\u0131 veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kuvvet kullanmas\u0131 halinde g\u00f6revle ilgili olarak i\u015flenmi\u015f kasten yaralama su\u00e7undan bahsedilecektir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin r\u00fc\u015fvet almas\u0131 veya kendisine teslim edilen bir mal\u0131 zimmetine ge\u00e7irmesi de g\u00f6revi alan\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin r\u00fc\u015fvet almas\u0131 veya zilyetli\u011findeki mal\u0131 zimmetine ge\u00e7irmesi g\u00f6revler aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc r\u00fc\u015fvet al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya mal\u0131n zimmete ge\u00e7irilmesi, bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri aras\u0131na girmez.<\/p>\n
Bu sebeple; s\u0131rf su\u00e7 veya ad\u0131ndan hareketle bir su\u00e7un g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmek, bu kapsamda ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6neticili\u011fi veya \u00fcyeli\u011fi ya da cebir ve \u015fiddete dayal\u0131 olarak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ortadan kald\u0131rmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etmek su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revle ilgili saymamak isabetli olmayacakt\u0131r. Burada \u00f6nemli olan; fail taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revin ifas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan yetkisini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak veya a\u015farak su\u00e7a konu fiili icra edip etmedi\u011fi hususun tespit edilmesidir. \u201cG\u00f6rev su\u00e7u\u201d gibi bir ibare de meseleyi a\u00e7\u0131klamaktan uzakt\u0131r. Bir su\u00e7un g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u olmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya g\u00f6revle ilgili olarak i\u015flenip i\u015flenilmemesinden bahsedilebilir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin Y\u00fcce Divan s\u0131fat\u0131 ile hakk\u0131nda yarg\u0131lama yapacaklar\u0131 ki\u015filer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa m.148\/6-7\u2019ye g\u00f6re; \u201cAnayasa Mahkemesi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, bakanlar\u0131, Anayasa Mahkemesi, Yarg\u0131tay, Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u00a0Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyelerini, Ba\u015fsavc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekilini, Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulu ve Say\u0131\u015ftay Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyelerini g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 Y\u00fcce Divan s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lar. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlar\u0131 da g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 Y\u00fcce Divanda yarg\u0131lan\u0131rlar\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcce Divan taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131labilmesinin ko\u015fulu, Anayasada say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin g\u00f6revleri ile ilgili olarak su\u00e7 i\u015flediklerine dair iddialar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, hangi tipte olursa olsun su\u00e7 i\u015flemek Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revine girmez. Ancak bir su\u00e7, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi ile ilgili olabilir, g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanabilir (g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131), g\u00f6revi sebebiyle veya g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenebilir. Bu noktada \u00f6nemli olan, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan bir yetkiyi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131p kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cG\u00f6revi ile ilgili\u201d, \u201cg\u00f6revinden kaynaklanan\u201d ve \u201cg\u00f6revi sebebiyle\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 anlamda g\u00f6rmek gerekir. \u201cG\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda\u201d kavram\u0131 ise bunlardan farkl\u0131 olup, i\u015flenen su\u00e7un g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 ve s\u0131rf g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenen adi bir su\u00e7 niteli\u011fini haiz olmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Hukuku incelendi\u011finde, \u201ckamu kudreti kullanan\u201d, \u201ckamu g\u00f6revlisi\u201d ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00f6zel s\u0131fatlar dikkate al\u0131nmak suretiyle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen istisnai yarg\u0131 dokunulmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct birli\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kimi kuralda dar ve kimi kuralda da geni\u015f dokunulmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmek isteriz.<\/p>\n
Yine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia olunan bir su\u00e7un g\u00f6revi alan\u0131na girmesi, g\u00f6revi ile ilgili bir konudan kaynaklanmas\u0131, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karargah\u0131nda icra edilen bir tasarruftan do\u011fmas\u0131, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin kapsam\u0131na girecek tasarruf hususunda olmas\u0131, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yetki hududunu a\u015fmas\u0131 veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmas\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda, iddian\u0131n “g\u00f6revle ilgili” kavram kapsam\u0131nda ve r\u00fctbesini ve kimli\u011fini kullansa dahi \u00f6zel, aile hayat\u0131 veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan iddialar\u0131n ise \u201cg\u00f6revle ilgisi bulunmayan\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi uygun olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn mesele; su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan ziyade, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkilerini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisi kurulabilecek bir su\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kamu g\u00f6revlisi, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu kamu kudreti kullan\u0131m\u0131 yetkilerinden dolay\u0131 kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu yetkilerini \u00f6rg\u00fcte tahsis etmi\u015fse, CMK m.161\/5-8 ve 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n tipine uygunluk ta\u015f\u0131mayan eylemlerden dolay\u0131 do\u011frudan sorumlu tutulamayacakt\u0131r. Belki bu sorumluluk; 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 17. maddesinde say\u0131lan bankac\u0131l\u0131k, irtikap, r\u00fc\u015fvet, zimmet, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, Devlet s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n if\u015fas\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131nda do\u011frudan ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011finden; bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015flenmesi halinde de su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmak, y\u00f6netmek, \u00fcyesi olmak, \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015flemek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m ve yatakl\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 da kamu g\u00f6revlisi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma iznine gerek kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n do\u011frudan soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilecektir.<\/p>\n
Burada ikili bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f g\u00fcndeme gelebilir; birinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, ama\u00e7 su\u00e7 olarak 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 17. maddesinde say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyen su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde, tespiti yap\u0131lan bu illiyet ba\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 TCK m.220 ile ilgili soru\u015fturma izni almaya gerek yoktur. \u00d6rne\u011fin 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 4. maddesinde, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unun bir su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmesi hali a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 neden say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile ilgili ayr\u0131 soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re; ancak kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan ama\u00e7 su\u00e7un a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nedeni say\u0131lan su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc d\u00fczenlemesi varsa, bundan dolay\u0131 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131na gerek olmay\u0131p, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flenmesinde kullan\u0131lan su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc iddias\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, TCK m.220\u2019nin ayr\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 tan\u0131mlay\u0131p bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n da 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 17. maddesinde yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle, 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc iddias\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fan kamu g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu devam eder. Biz bu son d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi desteklemekteyiz.<\/p>\n
(Bu makale, say\u0131n\u00a0Prof. Dr. Ersan \u015eEN\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0www.hukukihaber.net\u00a0sitesinde yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak g\u00f6sterilse dahi makalenin tamam\u0131 \u00f6zel izin al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak al\u0131nt\u0131lanan makalenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, aktif link verilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeden k\u0131smen ya da tamamen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u015fahsi haklara ve fikri haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder.)\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6revleri sebebiyle i\u015fledikleri iddia olunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 izin \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak soru\u015fturulup kovu\u015fturulabilecekleri, bunun istisnas\u0131n\u0131n ise 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu m.161\/5-8 ve 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmas\u0131, R\u00fc\u015fvet ve Yolsuzluklarla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 17. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7lar oldu\u011fu, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n izne, yani takip \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmekteyiz. Kamu g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revleri sebebiyle i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n nitelendirilmesinde sorun ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi gibi, hangi su\u00e7un kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda da netlik olmayabilir. Kanun koyucu, \u201ckamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7\u201d \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcne yer vermek suretiyle g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131p, yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ancak soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma izninin al\u0131nmas\u0131 halinde kamu g\u00f6revlisinin sorumlulu\u011fu yoluna gidilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu tespit, g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7un tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda sorunsuz yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. G\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunun net olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201cg\u00f6rev su\u00e7u\u201d say\u0131lamayacak durumlarda, neyin g\u00f6rev sebebiyle icra edilip edilmedi\u011fini belirlemek \u00e7ok zor olabilecektir. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131na ve unsurlar\u0131na bakmak suretiyle kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi sebebiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7un varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya yoklu\u011funa karar verilemez. Su\u00e7un ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131ndan hareketle, g\u00f6revden kaynaklanan yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla izin al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fundan bahsedilemez. Burada en \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fma konusu, ad\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131 itibariyle …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n