\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kuralda, m\u00fc\u015fterinin tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini imzalamas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnden sonra fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde organizasyon \u00fccretinin iade edilmemesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kalma s\u00fcresine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n organizasyon \u00fccretinin \u015firkete ait olmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketicinin fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun devletin t\u00fcketicileri koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/p>\n
Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen cayma ve fesih haklar\u0131 ile m\u00fc\u015fterinin herhangi bir gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermeksizin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan tasarruf d\u00f6nemi bitimine kadar s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sonland\u0131rabilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 herhangi bir ko\u015fula ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 neticesinde \u015firketin herhangi bir maddi talepte bulunmas\u0131 da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yaln\u0131zca m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131ndaki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmemesi\u00a0durumunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetme yetkisi olan \u015firketlerin, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcreden \u00f6nce ve kendisine atfedilecek herhangi bir kusur bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen m\u00fc\u015fteri taraf\u0131ndan feshi h\u00e2linde hi\u00e7bir suretle kar\u015f\u0131 edime hak kazanamamas\u0131n\u0131n \u015firketlerin finansal yap\u0131s\u0131na olumsuz etkide bulunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durum an\u0131lan sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemesine engel olu\u015fturabilecektir.<\/p>\n
Kanun koyucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 167. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda tasarruf finansman \u015firketlerinin de menfaatlerini g\u00f6zetme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinin kurulmas\u0131ndan on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 durumunda organizasyon \u00fccretinin \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan iade edilmeyece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcrken \u015firketin bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00fccrete m\u00fcstahak birtak\u0131m hizmetlerde bulundu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6zetti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015fterinin cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131, organizasyon \u00fccretinin iadesine hak kazanacak \u015fekilde s\u00fcresiz bir bi\u00e7imde kullanabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan ve bu ama\u00e7la personel istihdam eden, \u00e7e\u015fitli giderlerde bulunan \u015firketin ticari manada zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecektir. Bu sebeple m\u00fc\u015fterinin organizasyon \u00fccretini iade alabilmesinin yaln\u0131zca on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n taraflar\u0131n menfaatleri aras\u0131nda bir dengesizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan kural\u0131n emredici de\u011fil tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte bir hukuk kural\u0131 oldu\u011funda ku\u015fku yoktur. Bu ba\u011flamda taraflar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeleri ile d\u00fczenleyecekleri tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde organizasyon \u00fccreti kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken kural\u0131n aksine d\u00fczenleme yapmalar\u0131na engel bir durum bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00a0<\/p>\n
M\u00fc\u015fteriye cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bu hakk\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra ilk on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde organizasyon \u00fccretini iade alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin korunmas\u0131 \u00f6devi kapsam\u0131nda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir tedbirdir. Her ne kadar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 172. maddesi devlete t\u00fcketiciyi koruyucu \u00f6nlemler alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmekte ise de bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcrede kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak organizasyon \u00fccretinin her durumda t\u00fcketiciye iadesi zorunlulu\u011fu do\u011furmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla kanun koyucunun t\u00fcketicinin korunmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirleri belirleme konusunda haiz oldu\u011fu takdir yetkisi ve her iki taraf\u0131n menfaatlerinin dengelenmesine ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kural\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fteri aleyhine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfete yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taraflar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan menfaatlerinin dengelendi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/p>\n
——-<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/114<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/186<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 5\/11\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 31\/12\/2024-32769<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: \u0130stanbul Anadolu 4. T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 21\/11\/2012 tarihli ve 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Finansal Kiralama, Faktoring, Finansman ve Tasarruf Finansman \u015eirketleri Kanunu\u2019na, 4\/3\/2021 tarihli ve 7292 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesiyle eklenen 39\/A maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 35. ve 172. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6denen organizasyon \u00fccretinin iadesi talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 39\/A maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cTasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
MADDE 39\/A- (Ek:4\/3\/2021-7292\/7 md.)<\/p>\n
\u00a0(1) Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, belirli bir tasarruf tutar\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u015fart\u0131yla konut, \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yeri veya ta\u015f\u0131t edinimi i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015fteriye finansman kullanma hakk\u0131 veren, \u015firkete ise m\u00fc\u015fteriye ait birikmi\u015f tasarruf tutar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme, geri \u00f6deme ve finansman kulland\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile organizasyon \u00fccreti alma hakk\u0131 veren, faizsiz finansman esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenen s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya uzaktan ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle mesafeli olarak ya da mesafeli olsun olmas\u0131n Kurulun yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015feklin yerine ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fini belirledi\u011fi ve bir bili\u015fim veya elektronik haberle\u015fme cihaz\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek ve m\u00fc\u015fteri kimli\u011finin do\u011frulanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n verecek y\u00f6ntemler yoluyla kurulacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) M\u00fc\u015fteri, s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde herhangi bir gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermeksizin ve cezai \u015fart \u00f6demeksizin tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden cayma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. M\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6z konusu cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u015firket, organizasyon \u00fccreti d\u00e2hil, m\u00fc\u015fteriden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 cayma karar\u0131n\u0131n bildirilmesinden itibaren on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(4) M\u00fc\u015fteri, tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tasarruf d\u00f6nemi bitimine kadar s\u00f6zle\u015fmede fesih hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u015eirket, m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde organizasyon \u00fccreti bedeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan toplam birikim tutar\u0131n\u0131, Kurulca belirlenecek s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fc\u015fteriye iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. M\u00fc\u015fterinin talebi ile tahsisat ileriki bir tarihe ertelenebilir, erteleme h\u00e2linde m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri sakl\u0131 kal\u0131r. Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131ndaki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmemesi durumu haricinde, \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan tek tarafl\u0131 olarak feshedilemez.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(5) Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde asgari olarak tutarlara, vadeye, organizasyon \u00fccretine, gelir, maliyet ve masraflara, konut, \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yeri veya ta\u015f\u0131t edinimine y\u00f6nelik tasarruf etme ve finansman kulland\u0131rma d\u00f6nem ve ko\u015fullar\u0131na, iade s\u00fcre ve \u015fartlar\u0131na, temerr\u00fcde, cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesine, feshine, miras\u00e7\u0131lara intikaline, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflara devrine, taraflar\u0131n hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer al\u0131r. \u015eirketler tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri kapsam\u0131nda taahh\u00fct ettikleri y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri yerine getirmek zorundad\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fterinin bilgilendirilmesine ve bu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar Kurulca belirlenir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 27\/6\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle ba\u015fvurunun y\u00f6ntemine uygunlu\u011fu sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cAnayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemelerce ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. maddesinde Anayasa Mahkemesine itiraz yoluyla yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurularda izlenecek y\u00f6ntem d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkemenin bu davada uygulanacak bir kanun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu f\u0131krada say\u0131lan belgeleri dizi listesine ba\u011flayarak Anayasa Mahkemesine g\u00f6nderece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f; an\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendinde de \u201c\u0130ptali istenen kurallar\u0131n Anayasan\u0131n hangi maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan gerek\u00e7eli ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131\u201d Anayasa Mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilecek belgeler aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maddenin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde dayanaktan yoksun veya y\u00f6ntemine uygun olmayan itiraz ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan esas incelemeye ge\u00e7ilmeksizin gerek\u00e7eleriyle reddedilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. An\u0131lan \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn 46. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde de itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkemenin gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131nda, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin her birinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n hangi maddelerine hangi nedenlerle ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funun ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ve gerek\u00e7eleriyle birlikte a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn 49. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde ise Anayasa Mahkemesince yap\u0131lan ilk incelemede, ba\u015fvuruda eksikliklerin bulundu\u011fu tespit edilirse itiraz yoluna ili\u015fkin i\u015flerde esas incelemeye ge\u00e7ilmeksizin ba\u015fvurunun reddine karar verilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Yap\u0131lan incelemede itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 39\/A maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u015eirket, m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde\u2026\u201d ve \u201c…toplam birikim tutar\u0131n\u0131, Kurulca belirlenecek s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fc\u015fteriye iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 35. ve 172. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funun belirtildi\u011fi ancak hangi nedenlerle an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair herhangi bir gerek\u00e7eye yer verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Buna g\u00f6re an\u0131lan ibarelere y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fvurunun 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 40. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi ile \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn 46. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 40. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince y\u00f6ntemine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
7. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 21\/11\/2012 tarihli ve 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Finansal Kiralama, Faktoring, Finansman ve Tasarruf Finansman \u015eirketleri Kanunu\u2019na 4\/3\/2021 tarihli ve 7292 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesiyle eklenen 39\/A maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130kinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u015eirket, m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde\u2026\u201d ve \u201c…toplam birikim tutar\u0131n\u0131, Kurulca belirlenecek s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fc\u015fteriye iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d ibarelerine y\u00f6nelik itiraz ba\u015fvurusunun 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 40. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince y\u00f6ntemine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. \u0130kinci c\u00fcmlesinin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r S\u00fcmeyye KOCAMAN taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p>\n
9. Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi isimsiz s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler aras\u0131nda kabul edilmekteyken 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da 7292 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la bir k\u0131s\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmak suretiyle tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine kanuni dayanak kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve an\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin isimli s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00e2line gelmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 39\/A maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, belirli bir tasarruf tutar\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u015fart\u0131yla konut, \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri veya ta\u015f\u0131t edinimi i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015fteriye finansman kullanma hakk\u0131; \u015firkete ise m\u00fc\u015fteriye ait birikmi\u015f tasarruf tutar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme, geri \u00f6deme ve finansman kulland\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile organizasyon \u00fccreti alma hakk\u0131 veren, faizsiz finansman esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenen s\u00f6zle\u015fme olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. An\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya uzaktan ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle mesafeli olarak ya da mesafeli olsun olmas\u0131n Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurulunun (Kurul) yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015feklin yerine ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fini belirledi\u011fi ve bir bili\u015fim veya elektronik haberle\u015fme cihaz\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek ve m\u00fc\u015fteri kimli\u011finin do\u011frulanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n verecek y\u00f6ntemler yoluyla kurulacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi ifade edilerek \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u00e7eri\u011finde bulunmas\u0131 gereken esasl\u0131 unsurlar ise maddenin (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde; asgari olarak tutarlara, vadeye, organizasyon \u00fccretine, gelir, maliyet ve masraflara, konut, \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri veya ta\u015f\u0131t edinimine y\u00f6nelik tasarruf etme ve finansman kulland\u0131rma d\u00f6nem ve ko\u015fullar\u0131na, iade s\u00fcre ve \u015fartlar\u0131na, temerr\u00fcde, cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesine, feshine, miras\u00e7\u0131lara intikaline, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflara devrine, taraflar\u0131n hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere yer verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin taraflar\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fteri ve \u015firkettir. \u015eirket; m\u00fc\u015fterinin tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme, bunlar\u0131 geri \u00f6deme ve finansman kulland\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nmakta, bunlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ise m\u00fc\u015fteriden organizasyon \u00fccreti alma hakk\u0131na sahip olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Madde gerek\u00e7esinde de ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin amac\u0131, belirli bir birikim s\u00fcreci sonunda belirli bir konuda finansman elde etmektir. Bu bak\u0131mdan s\u00f6zle\u015fme, birbiriyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik bir tasarruf ve finansman taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle m\u00fc\u015fteri taahh\u00fct etti\u011fi tasarruf tutar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015firket nezdinde biriktirmekte ve bunun sonucunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer alan s\u00fcre, yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn devam etmesine ili\u015fkin ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesiyle m\u00fc\u015fteriye belirli bir konu ve tutarda finansman sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (l) bendinde tasarruf finansman faaliyeti; \u201cbir s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u015fart\u0131yla konut, \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yeri veya ta\u015f\u0131t\u0131n edinimi i\u00e7in faizsiz finansman esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirli bir s\u00fcre tasarruf edilmesi, m\u00fc\u015fterilere finansman kulland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve toplanan tasarruflar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin konusunu ancak konut, \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yeri veya ta\u015f\u0131t edinimi olu\u015fturabilecektir.<\/p>\n
15. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kran\u0131n (k) bendine g\u00f6re tahsisat ise tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, belirlenen ko\u015fullar\u0131n yerine gelmesi \u015fart\u0131 ile m\u00fc\u015fterinin tasarruf birikimlerinin ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131nda taahh\u00fct edilen finansman tutar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterinin, miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n veya vekilinin konut, \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri veya ta\u015f\u0131t edinmesi amac\u0131yla sat\u0131c\u0131 konumundaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere hesaben \u00f6denmesi olarak nitelendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
16. 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 39\/A maddesinde m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayma ve fesih haklar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re m\u00fc\u015fteri, s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde herhangi bir gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermeksizin ve cezai \u015fart \u00f6demeksizin tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden cayma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. M\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6z konusu cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u015firket, organizasyon \u00fccreti d\u00e2hil, m\u00fc\u015fteriden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 cayma karar\u0131n\u0131n bildirilmesinden itibaren on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
17. Maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise fesih hakk\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde m\u00fc\u015fterinin, tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tasarruf d\u00f6nemi bitimine kadar s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi fesih hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f, ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u015firketin, organizasyon \u00fccreti bedeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan toplam birikim tutar\u0131n\u0131, Kurulca belirlenecek s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fc\u015fteriye iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130tiraz konusu kural an\u0131lan c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026organizasyon \u00fccreti bedeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan\u2026\u201d ibaresidir.<\/p>\n
18. Organizasyon \u00fccretinin niteli\u011fi Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (j) bendinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan bende g\u00f6re organizasyon \u00fccreti, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda tasarruf finansman faaliyeti ve tasarruf fon havuzunun y\u00f6netimi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6deyecekleri tutard\u0131r. Organizasyon \u00fccreti Kanun\u2019un 39\/A maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin esasl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fince organizasyon \u00fccreti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015firketin m\u00fc\u015fteriden herhangi bir bedel talep etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6te yandan Kanun\u2019da organizasyon \u00fccretinin tutar\u0131na ve \u00f6denme zaman\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu hususlarda s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisi ilkesi ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
19. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralla, m\u00fc\u015fterinin tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini imzalamas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnden sonra fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde organizasyon \u00fccretinin iade edilmemesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu itibarla m\u00fc\u015fteri s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rsa toplam birikim tutar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra organizasyon \u00fccretini de iade alabilecek iken bu s\u00fcreden sonra tasarruf d\u00f6nemi bitimine kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yaln\u0131zca organizasyon \u00fccreti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan toplam birikim tutar\u0131n\u0131 iade alabilecek, organizasyon \u00fccreti ise \u015firkete ait olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kalma s\u00fcresine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n organizasyon \u00fccretinin \u015firkete ait olmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketicinin fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun devletin t\u00fcketicileri koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 35. ve 172. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
21. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 167. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
22. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 48. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsler kurmak serbesttir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re ki\u015filerin istedikleri alanda yapacaklar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler yoluyla hukuki ili\u015fkiye girebilmelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kuracaklar\u0131 te\u015febb\u00fcslerle ne \u015fekilde faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fini de serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilmeleri Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. maddesinin gere\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
23. \u00d6zel hukuk, ki\u015filerin birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerini e\u015fitlik ve irade serbestisi esas\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleyen hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6zel hukukta irade \u00f6zerkli\u011fi, ki\u015filerin yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde istedikleri hukuki sonuca bu yoldaki iradelerini yeterince a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurarak ula\u015fabilmelerini ifade etmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda s\u00f6zle\u015fme iki tarafl\u0131 bir hukuki i\u015flem olup taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve birbirine uygun surette irade a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla meydana gelir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise \u00f6zel hukuktaki irade \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ilkesinin anayasa hukuku alan\u0131ndaki dayana\u011f\u0131d\u0131r (AYM, E.2016\/141, K.2018\/27, 28\/2\/2018, \u00a7 15; E.2016\/192, K.2017\/160, 29\/11\/2017, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
24. S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devletin ki\u015filerin istedikleri hukuki sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve ki\u015filerin belirli hukuki sonu\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelen iradelerini ge\u00e7erli olarak tan\u0131mas\u0131, onlar\u0131n iradelerinin y\u00f6neldi\u011fi hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n do\u011faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilke olarak benimsemesi ve korumas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uyar\u0131nca ki\u015filer, hukuksal ili\u015fkilerini \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeleriyle ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle d\u00fczenlemekte serbesttir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda tan\u0131nan bu ilke \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde taraflar, istedi\u011fi zaman istedi\u011fi bir ki\u015fiyle herhangi bir konuda hukuksal ili\u015fki kurabilmekte, bu ili\u015fkiyi de\u011fi\u015ftirebilmekte veya ortadan kald\u0131rabilmektedir. (AYM, E.2018\/78, K.2022\/114, 13\/10\/2022, \u00a7 252). Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131p yapmama ve yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sona erdirme serbestisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan m\u00fcdahale yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erir (baz\u0131 farklarla birlikte bkz. AYM, E.2016\/192, K.2017\/160, 29\/11\/2017, \u00a7 13; E.2017\/154, K.2019\/18, 10\/4\/2019, \u00a7 11; E.2019\/40, K.2020\/40, 17\/7\/2020, \u00a7 27).<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesi insan\u0131n maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamay\u0131 devletin temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
26. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. maddesinde bir temel hak olarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekten ve etkili bir \u015fekilde korunabilmesi yaln\u0131zca devletin m\u00fcdahaleden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda koruma sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in devletin negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin de olmas\u0131 gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. ve 48. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca devletin s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, kimi durumlarda \u00f6zel ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in belirli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda yasal, idari, mali, yarg\u0131sal ve di\u011fer tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilke olarak taraflar\u0131n y\u00fcklenecekleri edimleri serbest bir bi\u00e7imde belirleyebilmelerini gerektirse de bu durum devletin taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynakl\u0131 edimlerini d\u00fczenlemesine engel de\u011fildir. Aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn devlete y\u00fckledi\u011fi pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, bu ba\u011flamda taraflar\u0131n edimlerinin d\u00fczenlenmesini de gerektirebilmektedir. Devletin \u00f6zel hukuk ili\u015fkileriyle ilgili pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bu ili\u015fkilere uygulanacak belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir hukuk d\u00fczeni olu\u015fturma \u00f6devi gelmektedir. \u00d6zel hukuk ili\u015fkilerine uygulanacak hukuk d\u00fczenlenirken t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n menfaatlerinin g\u00f6zetilmesi ve adil bir bi\u00e7imde dengelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
28. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 167. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cDevlet, para, kredi, sermaye, mal ve hizmet piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli i\u015flemelerini sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirici tedbirleri al\u0131r;\u2026\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilerek ekonomik hayat\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fini d\u00fczenlemek, gerekti\u011finde bu alana m\u00fcdahale etmek hususunda devlet g\u00f6revli k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede devlet, tasarruflar\u0131 ve tasarruf sahiplerinin hak ve menfaatlerini korumak ile biriken tasarruflar\u0131n mill\u00ee ekonominin gereklerine g\u00f6re kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakla g\u00f6revli olup bu g\u00f6revini yerine getirebilmek i\u00e7in para ve kredi piyasalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleme ve denetleme gereksinimi duyabilir ya da bu sistemi y\u00f6nlendirebilir. Devletin para, kredi ve sermaye politikalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda ve saptanm\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda sahip oldu\u011fu ekonomik g\u00f6revlerini ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in ulusal ekonominin gereklerine uygun olarak d\u00fczenlemeler yapmak, bunlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve kald\u0131rmak anayasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kanun koyucunun yetkisindedir (AYM, E.2018\/93, K.2021\/69, 13\/10\/2021, \u00a7 33).<\/p>\n
29. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 172. maddesinde ise devletin t\u00fcketicileri koruyucu ve ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 tedbirleri alaca\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcketicilerin kendilerini koruyucu giri\u015fimleri te\u015fvik edece\u011fi ifade edilerek t\u00fcketicilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin do\u011frudan ve \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde de \u00f6zetle t\u00fcketicilerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketici toplumu diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan belirli bir geli\u015fmi\u015flik seviyesindeki \u00fclkelerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte- bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fmemi\u015f \u00fclkelerde de toplumsal bir sorun oldu\u011funun sonradan g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu konuda getirilecek tedbirlerin t\u00fcketicileri koruyaca\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n bir serbest piyasa ekonomisi tedbiri oldu\u011fu, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce t\u00fcketicilerde t\u00fcketici bilincinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, devletin t\u00fcketicileri koruyucu ba\u015fka tedbirler de alabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2016\/162, K.2017\/156, 15\/11\/2017, \u00a7 8).<\/p>\n
30. Kural, m\u00fc\u015fteri ve \u015firket aras\u0131nda \u00f6zel hukuk h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde akdedilecek olan tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshi h\u00e2linde m\u00fc\u015fterinin \u00f6dedi\u011fi organizasyon \u00fccretinin iade edilmemesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kural\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ilgisinin bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Organizasyon \u00fccreti, \u015firketin tek gelir kalemi oldu\u011fundan, kurulan tasarruf ve finans sisteminin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fcmesinin de en \u00f6nemli arac\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. Bununla birlikte kanun koyucunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fczenlemelerin menfaatler dengesinin kurulmas\u0131nda taraflardan biri aleyhine \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe neden olmas\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn devlete y\u00fckledi\u011fi pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ba\u011fda\u015fmayabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her iki taraf\u0131n menfaatlerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca dengelenmesi ve s\u00fcrecin taraflardan biri aleyhine \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir netice do\u011furacak \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
31. 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 39\/A maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesi uyar\u0131nca m\u00fc\u015fterinin, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan itibaren on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn ge\u00e7mesinden ba\u015flayarak tasarruf d\u00f6nemi bitimine kadar s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilece\u011fi, bu durumda \u015firketin organizasyon \u00fccreti bedeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan toplam birikim tutar\u0131n\u0131, Kurulca belirlenecek s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fc\u015fteriye iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kuralla fesih s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fc\u015fterinin bu hakk\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde organizasyon \u00fccreti bedeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan toplam birikim tutar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fteriye iade edilece\u011finin herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
32. Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015firket, bir yandan tasarruf finansman sistemine kat\u0131lmak isteyen ki\u015fileri bulmak, bir araya getirmek, tasarruf ve finansman d\u00f6nemlerini d\u00fczenlemek ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalamak \u015feklinde i\u015fleyen bir organizasyon faaliyeti y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte iken di\u011fer yandan nezdinde biriken tasarruflar\u0131n da y\u00f6netimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir. Sunulan bu hizmetlerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak \u015firketin m\u00fc\u015fteriden talep edebilece\u011fi tek edimin ise organizasyon \u00fccreti oldu\u011fu ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile i\u015fin niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi uzun bir d\u00f6neme yay\u0131lan y\u00fcksek mebla\u011fl\u0131 bir hukuki ili\u015fkinin do\u011fdu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015fteri taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denen organizasyon \u00fccretinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshi durumunda iade edilmeyece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik kuralla, bir yandan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin muhtemel s\u00fcresini g\u00f6zeterek bir organizasyon y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan \u015firket bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fesihten kaynakl\u0131 olarak m\u00fc\u015fterinin sistemden erken ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle sistemde olu\u015fabilecek aksamalar ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 do\u011facak mali kay\u0131plar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesinin, di\u011fer yandan o ana kadar s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 olarak m\u00fc\u015fterinin biriken tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme borcunu yerine getiren \u015firketin bu ediminin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen cayma ve fesih haklar\u0131 ile m\u00fc\u015fterinin herhangi bir gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermeksizin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan tasarruf d\u00f6nemi bitimine kadar s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sonland\u0131rabilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 herhangi bir ko\u015fula ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f; haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 neticesinde \u015firketin herhangi bir maddi talepte bulunmas\u0131 da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin konusunu m\u00fc\u015fterinin bizzat kendisinin tasarruf etmesinin olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve biriken tutar \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi zamanda diledi\u011fi \u015fekilde tasarruf edebilmesinin ama\u00e7lanmas\u0131 bu haklar\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, yaln\u0131zca m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131ndaki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmemesi durumunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetme yetkisi olan \u015firketlerin, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcreden \u00f6nce ve kendisine atfedilecek herhangi bir kusur bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen m\u00fc\u015fteri taraf\u0131ndan feshi h\u00e2linde hi\u00e7bir suretle kar\u015f\u0131 edime hak kazanamamas\u0131n\u0131n, \u015firketlerin finansal yap\u0131s\u0131na olumsuz etkide bulunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durum an\u0131lan sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemesine engel olu\u015fturabilecektir.<\/p>\n
34. Kanun koyucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 167. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda tasarruf finansman \u015firketlerinin de menfaatlerini g\u00f6zetme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinin kurulmas\u0131ndan on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 durumunda organizasyon \u00fccretinin \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan iade edilmeyece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcrken \u015firketin bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00fccrete m\u00fcstahak birtak\u0131m hizmetlerde bulundu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6zetti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015fterinin cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131, organizasyon \u00fccretinin iadesine hak kazanacak \u015fekilde s\u00fcresiz bir bi\u00e7imde kullanabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan ve bu ama\u00e7la personel istihdam eden, \u00e7e\u015fitli giderlerde bulunan \u015firketin ticari manada zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi ortadad\u0131r. Bu sebeple m\u00fc\u015fterinin organizasyon \u00fccretini iade alabilmesinin yaln\u0131zca on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n taraflar\u0131n menfaatleri aras\u0131nda bir dengesizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
35. \u00d6te yandan kural\u0131n emredici de\u011fil tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte bir hukuk kural\u0131 oldu\u011funda ku\u015fku yoktur. Bu ba\u011flamda taraflar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeleri ile d\u00fczenleyecekleri tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde organizasyon \u00fccreti kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken kural\u0131n aksine d\u00fczenleme yapmalar\u0131na engel bir durum bulunmamaktad\u0131r (Benzer y\u00f6nde bkz. Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesi, E.2021\/2214, K.2022\/1956, 6\/4\/2022).<\/p>\n
36. Kanun koyucunun m\u00fc\u015fteriye cayma hakk\u0131 ve cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden ilk on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde organizasyon \u00fccretini iade alabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015fteriye cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bu hakk\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra ilk on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde organizasyon \u00fccretini iade alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketicinin korunmas\u0131 \u00f6devi kapsam\u0131nda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir tedbir oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Her ne kadar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 172. maddesi devlete t\u00fcketiciyi koruyucu \u00f6nlemler alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmekte ise de bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcrede kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak organizasyon \u00fccretinin her durumda t\u00fcketiciye iadesi zorunlulu\u011fu do\u011furmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
37. Bu itibarla kanun koyucunun t\u00fcketicinin korunmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirleri belirleme konusunda haiz oldu\u011fu takdir yetkisi ve her iki taraf\u0131n menfaatlerinin dengelenmesine ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kural\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fteri aleyhine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfete yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taraflar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan menfaatlerinin dengelendi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
38. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 48., 167. ve 172. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 48., 167. ve 172. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
21\/11\/2012 tarihli ve 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Finansal Kiralama, Faktoring, Finansman ve Tasarruf Finansman \u015eirketleri Kanunu\u2019na 4\/3\/2021 tarihli ve 7292 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesiyle eklenen 39\/A maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026organizasyon \u00fccreti bedeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE 5\/11\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi 5\/11\/2024 tarihinde E.2024\/114 numaral\u0131 dosyada, 6361 say\u0131l\u0131 Finansal Kiralama, Faktoring, Finansman ve Tasarruf Finansman \u015eirketleri Kanunu\u2019na 4\/3\/2021 tarihli ve 7292 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesiyle eklenen 39\/A maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026organizasyon \u00fccreti bedeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda, m\u00fc\u015fterinin tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini imzalamas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnden sonra fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde organizasyon \u00fccretinin iade edilmemesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kalma s\u00fcresine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n organizasyon \u00fccretinin \u015firkete ait olmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketicinin fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun devletin t\u00fcketicileri koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi Tasarruf finansman s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen cayma ve fesih haklar\u0131 ile m\u00fc\u015fterinin herhangi bir gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermeksizin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan tasarruf d\u00f6nemi bitimine kadar s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sonland\u0131rabilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 herhangi bir ko\u015fula ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 neticesinde \u015firketin herhangi bir maddi talepte bulunmas\u0131 da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yaln\u0131zca m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131ndaki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmemesi\u00a0durumunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetme yetkisi olan \u015firketlerin, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcreden \u00f6nce ve kendisine atfedilecek herhangi bir kusur bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen m\u00fc\u015fteri taraf\u0131ndan feshi h\u00e2linde hi\u00e7bir suretle kar\u015f\u0131 edime hak kazanamamas\u0131n\u0131n \u015firketlerin finansal yap\u0131s\u0131na olumsuz etkide bulunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durum an\u0131lan sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemesine engel olu\u015fturabilecektir. Kanun koyucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 167. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda tasarruf finansman \u015firketlerinin de menfaatlerini g\u00f6zetme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda m\u00fc\u015fterinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinin kurulmas\u0131ndan on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 durumunda organizasyon \u00fccretinin \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan iade …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n