\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kuralda, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma yoluyla kullan\u0131lmakta olan m\u00fclklere ili\u015fkin taksite ba\u011flanan bedel ve tazminatlar i\u00e7in 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kanuni faiz \u00f6denece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; kamula\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndaki alacaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, kamu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131k anayasal h\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131n kuralla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma yoluyla kullan\u0131lmakta olan m\u00fclklere ili\u015fkin alacaklara kanuni faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli konusundaki bu emredici h\u00fckm\u00fcn, alaca\u011fa ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinin devam edip etmemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddede yer alan \u201cAnayasa’n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc\u201d ifadesi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n metnini, yani lafz\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne uygun olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Anayasa’n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli maddeleriyle getirilen ek g\u00fcvenceler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 46. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda taksitlendirmelerde ve herhangi bir sebeple \u00f6denmemi\u015f kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedellerinde kamu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dava konusu kuralda ise taksitli \u00f6demeyi gerektiren durumlarda 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kanuni faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmektedir. B\u00f6ylece itiraz konusu kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen taksitlendirme h\u00e2lleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ve herhangi bir sebeple \u00f6denmemi\u015f kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedellerinde kamu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckme ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde, bu t\u00fcr alacaklara kanuni faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde belirtilen, s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Anayasa Mahkemesi a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve iptaline karar vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/p>\n
————-<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/4<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/129<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 27\/6\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 9\/12\/2024-32747<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 14. \u0130cra Hukuk Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019na 16\/11\/2022 tarihli ve 7421 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 19. maddenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma kapsam\u0131ndaki alaca\u011fa ili\u015fkin faizin hatal\u0131 hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fik\u00e2yetin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanaatine varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu ge\u00e7ici 19. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir;<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cGe\u00e7ici Madde 19- (Ek:16\/11\/2022-7421\/7 md.)<\/p>\n
Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 4\/11\/1983 tarihinden 28\/7\/2021 tarihine kadar fiilen kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lan veya kamu yarar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir ihtiyaca tahsis edilerek \u00fczerinde tesis yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara veya kaynaklara k\u0131smen veya tamamen veyahut irtifak hakk\u0131 tesis etmek suretiyle malikin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n fiil\u00ee olarak el konulmas\u0131 veya hukuki el at\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda h\u00fckmedilen bedel ve tazminat \u00f6demelerinde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere, ihtiya\u00e7 olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, merkezi y\u00f6netim b\u00fct\u00e7esine d\u00e2hil idarelerin y\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7elerinde sermaye giderleri i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6deneklerinin (Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin g\u00fcvenlik ve savunmaya y\u00f6nelik mal ve hizmet al\u0131mlar\u0131 ile yap\u0131m giderleri i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan \u00f6deneklerin) y\u00fczde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc, belediye ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ile ba\u011fl\u0131 idareleri i\u00e7in en son kesinle\u015fmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7e gelirleri toplam\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011fer idareler i\u00e7in en son kesinle\u015fmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7e giderleri toplam\u0131n\u0131n en az y\u00fczde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc oran\u0131nda y\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7elerinde pay ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Alacaklar\u0131n toplam tutar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lan \u00f6dene\u011fin toplam tutar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00f6demeler, sonraki y\u0131llara s\u00e2ri olacak \u015fekilde, garameten ve taksitlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Taksitlendirmede, b\u00fct\u00e7e imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ile alacaklar\u0131n tutarlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. Taksitli \u00f6deme s\u00fcresince, 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna g\u00f6re ayr\u0131ca kanuni faiz \u00f6denir.<\/p>\n
Birinci f\u0131kra, bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla bedel ve tazminat\u0131 \u00f6denmemi\u015f olan t\u00fcm davalarda ve icra takiplerinde de uygulan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN ve Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 18\/1\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle ba\u015fvurunun y\u00f6ntemine uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un \u201cAnayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemelerce ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. maddesinde Anayasa Mahkemesine itiraz yoluyla yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurularda izlenecek y\u00f6ntem d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkemenin bu davada uygulanacak bir kanun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda, bu f\u0131krada say\u0131lan belgeleri dizi listesine ba\u011flayarak Anayasa Mahkemesine g\u00f6nderece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f; an\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendinde de \u201c\u0130ptali istenen kurallar\u0131n Anayasan\u0131n hangi maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan gerek\u00e7eli ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131\u201d Anayasa Mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilecek belgeler aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maddenin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde dayanaktan yoksun veya y\u00f6ntemine uygun olmayan itiraz ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan esas incelemeye ge\u00e7ilmeksizin gerek\u00e7eleriyle reddedilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. An\u0131lan \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn 46. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde de itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran mahkemenin gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131nda Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin her birinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n hangi maddelerine, hangi nedenlerle ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funun ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ve gerek\u00e7eleriyle birlikte a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Yine \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn 49. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde Anayasa Mahkemesince yap\u0131lan ilk incelemede ba\u015fvuruda eksikliklerin bulundu\u011funun tespit edilmesi h\u00e2linde itiraz yoluna ili\u015fkin i\u015flerde esas incelemeye ge\u00e7ilmeksizin ba\u015fvurunun reddine karar verilece\u011fi; (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise an\u0131lan (b) bendi uyar\u0131nca verilen karar\u0131n itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran mahkemenin eksiklikleri tamamlayarak yeniden ba\u015fvurmas\u0131na engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme, 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 19. maddesinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n iptalini talep etmekle birlikte, ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda sadece an\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesine ili\u015fkin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddialar\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7elendirmi\u015f; maddenin geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ise Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n hangi maddelerine, hangi nedenlerle ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ve gerek\u00e7eleriyle birlikte a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun ge\u00e7ici 19. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
A. Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
B. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun, 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015f ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince y\u00f6ntemine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Hilal YAZICI taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; kamula\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndaki alacaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, kamu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131k anayasal h\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131n kuralla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma yoluyla kullan\u0131lmakta olan m\u00fclklere ili\u015fkin alacaklara kanuni faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli konusundaki bu emredici h\u00fckm\u00fcn, alaca\u011fa ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinin devam edip etmemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
9. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 19. maddesiyle kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda h\u00fckmedilen bedel ve tazminat \u00f6demelerinde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netim b\u00fct\u00e7esine d\u00e2hil idarelerin, belediye ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ile ba\u011fl\u0131 idareler ve di\u011fer idarelerin b\u00fct\u00e7elerinde belirli oranlarda pay ayr\u0131lmas\u0131; alaca\u011f\u0131n, ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6demelerin e\u015fit taksitlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma yoluyla kullan\u0131lmakta olan m\u00fclklere ili\u015fkin taksite ba\u011flanan bedel ve tazminatlar i\u00e7in 4\/12\/1984 tarihli ve 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuni Faiz ve Temerr\u00fct Faizine \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kanuni faizin \u00f6denece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\/ Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve parayla de\u011ferlendirilebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2015\/39, K.2015\/62, 1\/7\/2015, \u00a7 20). Kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atmaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu hususunda teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiye ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve tasarruf etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 32). Bu ba\u011flamda malikin m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkilerinden herhangi birinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 veya m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil eder (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 53).<\/p>\n
14. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin hen\u00fcz tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen fiilen kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lan veya kamu yarar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir ihtiyaca tahsis edilerek \u00fczerinde tesis yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara veya kaynaklara k\u0131smen veya tamamen veyahut irtifak hakk\u0131 tesis etmek suretiyle malikin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n fiil\u00ee olarak el konulmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa Mahkemesi, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda veya hi\u00e7 kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen m\u00fcdahalelerde de Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. ve 46. maddelerindeki g\u00fcvencelerin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir (ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde bkz. AYM, E.2023\/101, K.2023\/207, 30\/11\/2023, \u00a7 56; E.2019\/93, K.2023\/87, 4\/5\/2023, \u00a7 173; E.2022\/61, K.2022\/101, 8\/9\/2022 \u00a7 40).<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede bulunulurken temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinin de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesi uyar\u0131nca m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa Mahkemesinin s\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
20. Esasen temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan olan hukuki belirlilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. Kuralda hangi kapsamdaki alacaklar i\u00e7in hangi durumda ve hangi oranda faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne de ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinden biri de Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne uygunluktur. Anayasa Mahkemesi, somut olaya uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan organlar\u0131n temel hak ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere yapt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fcdahalelerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirir. B\u00f6yle bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinin emredici h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir gere\u011fidir (Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (2) [GK], B. No: 2018\/30030, 17\/9\/2020, \u00a7 68; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7 79).<\/p>\n
23. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde yer alan \u201cAnayasa’n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc\u201d ifadesi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n metnini, yani lafz\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne uygun olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Anayasa’n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli maddeleriyle getirilen ek g\u00fcvenceler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Anayasa, \u00e7o\u011fu durumda bir hak veya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaln\u0131zca tan\u0131makla yetinmeyerek onun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini ayr\u0131ca vurgulayarak veya baz\u0131 y\u00f6nlerine belli bir \u00f6nem atfederek koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131r. Anayasa koyucunun bir hakk\u0131 tan\u0131man\u0131n yan\u0131nda o hakk\u0131n norm alan\u0131na giren bir boyutunu ayr\u0131ca ve \u00f6zel olarak ifade etmesi, buna ili\u015fkin ek bir g\u00fcvence getirmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir (Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (2), \u00a7 69; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3), \u00a7 79).<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi \u015fart\u0131yla kullan\u0131labilecek bir yetki oldu\u011fu h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli ile kesin h\u00fckme ba\u011flanan art\u0131r\u0131m bedelinin nakden ve pe\u015fin olarak \u00f6denece\u011fi, ancak tar\u0131m reformunun uygulanmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji ve sulama projeleri ile isk\u00e2n projelerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi, yeni ormanlar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi, k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve turizm amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan topraklar\u0131n bedellerinin \u00f6denme \u015feklinin kanunla g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi ve kanunun taksitle \u00f6demeyi \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ancak taksitle \u00f6demenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bu h\u00e2llerde taksitlendirme s\u00fcresinin be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131, bu takdirde taksitlerin e\u015fit olarak \u00f6denece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise taksitlendirmelerde ve herhangi bir sebeple \u00f6denmemi\u015f kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedellerinde kamu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. Kural, taksitli \u00f6demeyi gerektiren durumlarda 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kanuni faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemekte, b\u00f6ylece Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen taksitlendirme h\u00e2lleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ve herhangi bir sebeple \u00f6denmemi\u015f kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedellerinde kamu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckme ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde, bu t\u00fcr alacaklara kanuni faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde belirtilen, s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n
26. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019na 16\/11\/2022 tarihli ve 7421 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 19. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE 27\/6\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi 27\/6\/2024 tarihinde E.2024\/4 numaral\u0131 dosyada, 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019na 7421 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 19. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve iptaline karar vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma yoluyla kullan\u0131lmakta olan m\u00fclklere ili\u015fkin taksite ba\u011flanan bedel ve tazminatlar i\u00e7in 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kanuni faiz \u00f6denece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; kamula\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndaki alacaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, kamu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131k anayasal h\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131n kuralla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma yoluyla kullan\u0131lmakta olan m\u00fclklere ili\u015fkin alacaklara kanuni faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli konusundaki bu emredici h\u00fckm\u00fcn, alaca\u011fa ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinin devam edip etmemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddede yer alan \u201cAnayasa’n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc\u201d ifadesi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n metnini, yani lafz\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne uygun olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Anayasa’n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli maddeleriyle getirilen ek g\u00fcvenceler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 46. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda taksitlendirmelerde ve herhangi bir sebeple \u00f6denmemi\u015f kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedellerinde kamu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dava konusu kuralda ise taksitli \u00f6demeyi gerektiren durumlarda 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kanuni faizin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmektedir. B\u00f6ylece itiraz konusu kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n