T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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GENEL KURUL<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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B.B. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/30972)<\/p>\n
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Karar Tarihi: 29\/5\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih ve Say\u0131: 3\/12\/2024 – 32741<\/p>\n
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GENEL KURUL<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K TALEB\u0130 KABUL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
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R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
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Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
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Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
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Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
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\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
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Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
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Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
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\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
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Ceren Sedef EREN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
B.B.<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Tu\u011f\u00e7e Duygu K\u00d6KSAL<\/p>\n
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I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, bir sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen payla\u015f\u0131mda hedef g\u00f6sterilme iddias\u0131yla yap\u0131lan \u015fik\u00e2yetin kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 ile e\u015fitlik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 5\/4\/2021 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm, ba\u015fvurunun Genel Kurul taraf\u0131ndan incelenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucu, kalp ve damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 uzman\u0131 profes\u00f6r doktordur. Ba\u015fvurucu; daha \u00f6nce \u00fcniversitede dekanl\u0131k g\u00f6revi de y\u00fcr\u00fcten, otuz y\u0131ll\u0131k meslek hayat\u0131n\u0131 bilime, kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ve hastalar\u0131na adam\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131n hekim oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucu 1\/11\/2020 tarihinde, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Prof. Dr. Burhan Kuzu’nun Twitter hesab\u0131ndan 23\/3\/2020 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131layarak ayn\u0131 sitede payla\u015f\u0131mda bulunmu\u015ftur. Prof. Dr. Burhan Kuzu’nun 23\/3\/2020 tarihli payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“Ebola 1976’da 13 bin; Sars 2002’de 8 bin; Mers 2012’de 858; Domuz gribi 2009’da 8238 can ald\u0131. Asl\u0131nda yakalanan ki\u015filer ile \u00f6lenlerin oran\u0131 COVID-19’dan daha fazla. Daha \u00e7abuk yay\u0131l\u0131yor ama daha az \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc Peki neden d\u00fcnya diken \u00fcst\u00fc? Sosyal medyan\u0131n abart\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015fey var m\u0131?”<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucunun yukar\u0131da yer verilen payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131layarak 1\/11\/2020 tarihinde sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“Bilimle inatla\u015fmak, ciddiye almamak kaybettirir. COVID-19’un son kurbanlar\u0131ndan Burhan Kuzu’nun att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tweet, buna iyi bir \u00f6rnek. Kendisine rahmet dilerken bir kez daha uyarmak istiyorum; l\u00fctfen bu salg\u0131n\u0131 ciddiye al\u0131n, \u00e7ok iyi korunun ve b\u00f6ylece sevdiklerinizi de koruyun!!”<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucunun Prof. Dr. Burhan Kuzu’nun hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi g\u00fcn bu payla\u015f\u0131mda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n tepki \u00e7ekti\u011fi, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (bkz. \u00a7 7) alt\u0131na yap\u0131lan yorumlardan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na yap\u0131lan yorumlarda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn bir insanla ilgili b\u00f6yle bir payla\u015f\u0131m yapmas\u0131n\u0131n ahlaki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 minvalinde ele\u015ftiriler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ba\u015fvurucu ise yorumlara verdi\u011fi yan\u0131tlarda sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k ya da \u00fcslupsuzluk yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin “\u0130nsan olarak utand\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z. Hekim olarak yerin dibine girdim.” \u015feklindeki yorumuna “Hadi can\u0131m yapmay\u0131n!! Bu i\u015f erken a\u00e7\u0131klans\u0131n \u00fclkede var diye ocak sonunda y\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131rken, \u00f6nemsiz demek bug\u00fcnlere geli\u015fteki yollar\u0131n d\u00f6\u015fenmesine katk\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6len meslekta\u015flar\u0131m ad\u0131na, ben bu tavr\u0131n\u0131zdan utan\u00e7 duydum as\u0131l!!!” \u015feklinde cevap vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvurucu, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn s\u00f6z konusu tart\u0131\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda -daha sonra sildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan- bir payla\u015f\u0131m daha yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 silmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak m\u0131 yoksa bir yoruma cevaben mi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. An\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
” Prof. Dr. B. B. <\/p>\n
Bence siz hastalanmay\u0131n ve elimize d\u00fc\u015fmeyin [g\u00fcl\u00fcc\u00fck simgesi] Ama d\u00fc\u015fece\u011finiz de bir ger\u00e7ek [g\u00fcl\u00fcc\u00fck simgesi]”<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurucunun bu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi \u015f\u00f6yle cevap vermi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
“\u00d6lm\u00fc\u015f bir hastan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan hesaba kitaba soyunan, hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m diye gerinen sizin gibilerin eline d\u00fc\u015fmekten Allah korusun. Kendinize de o kadar g\u00fcvenmeyin. Kimin kimin eline d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi bilinmez.”<\/p>\n
11. S\u00f6z konusu sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m sitesinde kendisini baz\u0131 yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu olarak tan\u0131tan ve baz\u0131 TV programlar\u0131nda yorumculuk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen F.T., mavi tik i\u00e7eren ve herkese a\u00e7\u0131k olan hesab\u0131ndan 1\/11\/2020 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda bir payla\u015f\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. F.T. payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na, yukar\u0131da yer verilen ba\u015fvurucu ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 9, 10) g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc (Ba\u015fvurucu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 silmeden \u00f6nce baz\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131larca ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.) ile ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bilgilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesap g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc eklemi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131m \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“Prof. Dr. @B. B. hastal\u0131kl\u0131 seviyede bir Kemalist. \u0130\u015fin k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, bu \u015fah\u0131s hastalar\u0131n\u0131 siyasi tercihlerine g\u00f6re ay\u0131r\u0131p Kemalist olmayanlar\u0131 alenen tehdit eden faal bir Doktor! K. M. de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor! Bilginize Bakan Beyler! @dr.fahrettinkoca @abdulhamitgul@suleymansoylu”<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvurucu, F.T.nin bu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn “Sen nas\u0131l b\u00f6yle bir yalan\u0131 s\u00f6ylersin!! Hedef g\u00f6stermek nedir!! Hayat\u0131mda hi\u00e7 insan ay\u0131rmad\u0131m.. Bunu sen de\u011fil, hastalar\u0131m bilir!!! Senin ismini bu tweetinle birlikte hedef g\u00f6stermek ve iftiradan savc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa bildiriyorum!!!” \u015feklinde cevap vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvurucu; an\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 (bkz. \u00a7 11) nedeniyle halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik, hakaret, ki\u015filerin huzur ve s\u00fck\u00fbnunu bozma, iftira, tehdit ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015fka bir davran\u0131\u015fla i\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u00fcrriyetini ihlale te\u015febb\u00fcs su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan F.T. hakk\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunmu\u015ftur. \u015eik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esinde; F.T.nin 599.000 takip\u00e7isi bulunan resm\u00ee hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede 965 kez retweet edildi\u011fini, 75 kez al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 2.400 be\u011feni ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 4\/11\/2020 tarihi itibar\u0131yla ise etkile\u015fim say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 1.000 retweet, 82 al\u0131nt\u0131 ve 2.500 be\u011feni \u015feklinde oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Dilek\u00e7ede ayr\u0131ca isminin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastanenin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131mla can g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve mesle\u011fini icra etmesini tehlikeye sokacak \u015fekilde toplumun bir kesimine alenen hedef g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini, bu nedenle an\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak \u015fiddete \u00e7a\u011f\u0131racak veya \u015fiddetin bir gerek\u00e7esini olu\u015fturacak nitelikte oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. \u0130stanbul Anadolu Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Aile \u0130\u00e7i Su\u00e7lar\u0131 Soru\u015fturma B\u00fcrosu 5\/11\/2020 tarihinde, \u015fiddete u\u011frama tehlikesi alt\u0131nda olan ba\u015fvurucunun korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla 8\/3\/2012 tarihli ve 6284 say\u0131l\u0131 Ailenin Korunmas\u0131 ve Kad\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 \u015eiddetin \u00d6nlenmesine Dair Kanun ‘un ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen koruma tedbirlerinden bir veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n tatbik edilmesini Kad\u0131k\u00f6y \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden istemi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 tarihte ba\u015fvurucu da \u0130stanbul Valili\u011finden koruma talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu 13\/11\/2020 tarihinde \u0130stanbul \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Koruma \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sevki ile Kad\u0131k\u00f6y \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan evi ve i\u015fyerinde \u00f6nleyici koruma devriye hizmetlerinin art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu kapsamda kendisine devriye polisinin telefon numaras\u0131n\u0131n da aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. \u0130stanbul Anadolu Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k) ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yeti hakk\u0131nda kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar gerek\u00e7esinde, ilgili payla\u015f\u0131mda hakaret i\u00e7eren herhangi bir kelimeye rastlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, “Kemalist” kelimesinin Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi benimsemi\u015f insanlara hitaben s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini, hakaret olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2linde de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ma\u011fdurun i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda herhangi bir elem veya keder duygusu uyand\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla payla\u015f\u0131mda hakaret unsurunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Ki\u015filerin huzur ve s\u00fck\u00fbnunu bozma su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n da olayda tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, herhangi bir kuruma ihbar ve \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan iftira su\u00e7undan da bahsedilemeyece\u011fini, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ma\u011fdurun i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda korkuya, endi\u015feye ve pani\u011fe kap\u0131lmaya neden olacak bir duygu uyand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fini belirtmi\u015f; kendisini gazeteci olarak tan\u0131mlayan \u015f\u00fcphelinin ba\u015fvurucuya ili\u015fkin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7may\u0131 gerektirir ba\u015fkaca bir su\u00e7 unsurunun tespit edilemedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Ba\u015fvurucu, kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karara itiraz etmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul Anadolu 5. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karardaki gerek\u00e7enin ve de\u011ferlendirmenin yerinde oldu\u011fu kanaatine vard\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan itiraz\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. Nihai nitelikteki bu karar 11\/3\/2021 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucuya tebli\u011f edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu 5\/4\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
18. \u0130lgili ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk i\u00e7in bkz. Fetullah G\u00fclen [GK], B. No: 2014\/12225, 14\/7\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 11-24.<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 29\/5\/2024 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. \u015eeref ve \u0130tibar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvurucu; bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunda, ilgili payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddete te\u015fvik edici oldu\u011fu ve kendisini ciddi bir \u015fiddet riski alt\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa verdi\u011fi \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esindeki iddialar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 13). Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7a F.T.nin ifadesi dahi al\u0131nmadan ve hi\u00e7bir soru\u015fturma i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmadan ilgisiz ve yetersiz bir gerek\u00e7eyle kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 verildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurucu, bu nedenle \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, isminin kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k belgelerde gizlenmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
21. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; ba\u015fvurucunun payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yapan ki\u015fi aleyhine ayr\u0131ca manevi tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak dosyada bir bilgi ve belge olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu itibarla s\u00f6z konusu hukuk davas\u0131 yolunun ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yeti kapsam\u0131nda etkili bir hukuk yolu olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilmeyece\u011fi hususunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinde dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
22. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyan\u0131nda bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunda yer verdi\u011fi hususlar\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
23. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cDevletin temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revleri, \u2026 Cumhuriyeti ve demokrasiyi korumak, ki\u015filerin ve toplumun refah, huzur ve mutlulu\u011funu sa\u011flamak; ki\u015finin temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerini, sosyal hukuk devleti ve adalet ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayacak surette s\u0131n\u0131rlayan siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal engelleri kald\u0131rmaya, insan\u0131n madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Herkes, ya\u015fama, madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.”<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder. Bireyin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131, ki\u015fisel kimli\u011finin ve manevi b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n korumas\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu, somut olaya konu payla\u015f\u0131mda kendisi hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek olmayan hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil isnad\u0131nda bulunulmas\u0131ndan, ismi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyeri bilgilerinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a verilerek hedef g\u00f6sterilmesinden ve buna ra\u011fmen kendisine isnat edilen hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiillerin ger\u00e7ek olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili hi\u00e7bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ya da de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmayarak etkili bir soru\u015fturma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmemesinden \u015fik\u00e2yet etmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda ba\u015fvurucunun t\u00fcm iddialar\u0131, Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015feref ve itibar hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenecektir.<\/p>\n
26. Devlet, bireyin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131na keyf\u00ee olarak m\u00fcdahale etmemek ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 41; D.\u00d6., B. No: 2014\/1291, 13\/10\/2016, \u00a7 48). Ki\u015finin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, Anayasa’n\u0131n 5. maddesiyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde devlete pozitif ve negatif \u00f6devler y\u00fckler (Serpil Kerimo\u011flu ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2012\/752, 17\/9\/2013, \u00a7\u00a7 50, 51). Pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, ki\u015filerin birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerini de kapsayacak \u015fekilde ki\u015fisel itibara sayg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla birtak\u0131m tedbirler al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 47; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7 40). \u015eeref ve itibara y\u00f6nelik olarak yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 bireyin korunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 ihlal edilmi\u015f olabilir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 42; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7 36).<\/p>\n
27. Anayasa Mahkemesi Adnan Oktar (3) (B. No: 2013\/1123, 2\/10\/2013) karar\u0131nda, bireylerin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin m\u00fcdahale etmesine kar\u015f\u0131 etkili mekanizmalar kurmaya y\u00f6nelik olarak devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn mutlaka cezai soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nitekim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 bireyin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n hukuk muhakemesi yoluyla da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle an\u0131lan kararda hakaret iddias\u0131yla ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131, tazminat davas\u0131 yolunun daha etkili bir giderim sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan bunu etkili ba\u015fvuru yolu olarak kabul etmemi\u015f ve ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmemesi gerek\u00e7esiyle kabul edilemezlik karar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir (Adnan Oktar (3), \u00a7\u00a7 35-45). Bunun yan\u0131nda Anayasa Mahkemesi, internet \u00fczerinden i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelik soru\u015fturmalardaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri de g\u00f6zeterek ki\u015filerin Anayasa’da korunan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri \u00fczerinde ciddi endi\u015feler ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilecek \u015fekilde geni\u015f kapsamda etkiler uyand\u0131rmayan ya da toplumsal menfaati etkilemeyen \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin bir ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturmas\u0131na konu edilmemesini de devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirmemi\u015ftir (Mustafa Tepeli [GK], B. No: 2014\/5831, 1\/3\/2017; benzer y\u00f6ndeki bir ba\u015fka karar i\u00e7in bkz. Burhan Kuzu, B. No: 2014\/4988, 19\/12\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 41-44).<\/p>\n
28. Bununla birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesi, ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet ve nefrete te\u015fvik eden ifadelerle ilgili olarak devletin ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u015feklinde pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc do\u011fabilece\u011fini de kabul etmi\u015ftir (Kaos Gl Derne\u011fi, B. No: 2014\/18891, 23\/5\/2018, \u00a7 46; Mehmet Ayta\u00e7, B. No: 2017\/26514, 11\/2\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 52, 53). Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fck temelinde nefreti yayan, y\u00fccelten veya hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steren, \u015fiddete te\u015fvik eden, ayr\u0131ca \u015fiddete y\u00f6nlendirebilecek ya da te\u015fvik edebilecek nitelikteki ifadelerle ilgili olarak T\u00fcrk hukukunda koruyucu ve d\u00fczeltici tedbirler al\u0131nabilecek ba\u015fka mekanizmalar bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi takdirde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle etkili bir ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 yapman\u0131n -s\u00f6z konusu ifadelerin T\u00fcrk ceza hukuku kurallar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca hangi su\u00e7a v\u00fccut verdi\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak- devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden biri oldu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Mehmet Ayta\u00e7, \u00a7 44).<\/p>\n
29. Ba\u015fvurucu, kendisi hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil isnad\u0131nda bulunulan payla\u015f\u0131mda ismine ve i\u015fyerine de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer verilmesi sebebiyle s\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u015fiddete te\u015fvik edici oldu\u011funu ve ciddi bir \u015fiddet riski alt\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
30. F.T. ba\u015fvuru konusu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun daha sonra sildi\u011fi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile bu payla\u015f\u0131ma \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan verilen cevab\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131lam\u0131\u015f ve bu ba\u011flamda ba\u015fvurucunun hasta ay\u0131ran ve kendi ideolojisinden olmayanlar\u0131 alenen tehdit eden bir doktor oldu\u011fu yorumunu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca ba\u015fvurucunun sildi\u011fi payla\u015f\u0131mdan ve payla\u015f\u0131ma verilen cevaptan bu \u015fekilde bir somut olgu isnad\u0131n\u0131n ve ele\u015ftirinin nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan F.T.nin ba\u015fvuru konusu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n nefret s\u00f6ylemi i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu gibi do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak \u015fiddete te\u015fvik eden ya da \u015fiddetin bir gerek\u00e7esini olu\u015fturabilecek nitelikte oldu\u011fundan bahsedilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir. F.T. ba\u015fvurucunun ilgili sosyal medya sitesinde ba\u015flayan tart\u0131\u015fmaya ili\u015fkin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na dair yorumu ve ele\u015ftirisini \u00f6ncelikle ba\u015fvurucunun mesle\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilgili g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bakanlar\u0131n ve daha sonra Twitter isimli platformdan toplumun bilgisine sunmak istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
31. Bunun yan\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucu, F.T.nin ismini ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yazarak kendisini hedef g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fse de ifadelerin gerek lafz\u0131ndan gerek sunuldu\u011fu kitle veya ko\u015fullar gibi hususlar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u011flam\u0131ndan b\u00f6yle bir sonuca var\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Kald\u0131 ki ismine ve i\u015fyerine ait bu bilgilere ilgili d\u00f6nemde Twitter isimli platformda aktif hesab\u0131 bulunan ba\u015fvurucunun profilinde kendisinin yer verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
32. Yukar\u0131daki tespitler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce \u015feref ve itibara yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen m\u00fcdahale ile ilgili olarak ba\u015fvurucunun yaln\u0131zca ceza muhakemesi yoluna ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu ve somut ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha etkili bir giderim yolu olan hukuk davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaks\u0131z\u0131n bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulundu\u011fu nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa Mahkemesine bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunulabilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmesi ko\u015fulunun yerine getirildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez (Necati G\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve Recep G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, B. No: 2012\/1027, 12\/2\/2013, \u00a7\u00a7 19, 20; Halkevleri Derne\u011fi ve \u0130lknur Birol, B. No: 2013\/577, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 32; Fetullah G\u00fclen, \u00a7\u00a7 47, 48).<\/p>\n
33. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kabul edilebilirlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmeksizin ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmemesi nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. E\u015fitlik \u0130lkesinin \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
34. Ba\u015fvurucu, kendi ideolojik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc do\u011frultusunda hedef g\u00f6sterilmesi ve kamu otoritelerinin bu ba\u011flamda etkili soru\u015fturma yapmamalar\u0131 nedeniyle e\u015fitlik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
35. Anayasa’n\u0131n 10. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen e\u015fitlik ilkesi ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin (S\u00f6zle\u015fme) 14. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik iddialar\u0131n soyut olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmay\u0131p mutlaka Anayasa ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131nda yer alan di\u011fer temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir (Onurhan Solmaz, B. No: 2012\/1049, 26\/3\/2013, \u00a7 33).<\/p>\n
36. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n incelenebilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurucunun kendisiyle benzer durumdaki ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik farkl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n me\u015fru bir temeli olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, din, dil vb. ayr\u0131mc\u0131 bir nedene dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 makul delillerle ortaya koymas\u0131 gerekir (Adnan Oktar (3), \u00a7 50).<\/p>\n
37. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun F.T. taraf\u0131ndan hedef g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fi gibi ideolojik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc nedeniyle kamu otoriteleri taraf\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yeti hakk\u0131nda etkili soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda da somut bir bilgi ya da belge sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddialar\u0131 temellendiremedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
38. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kabul edilebilirlik \u015fartlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmeksizin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k belgelerde ba\u015fvurucunun kimli\u011finin gizli tutulmas\u0131 talebinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
B. \u015eeref ve itibar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmemesi nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
C. E\u015fitlik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
D. Yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde BIRAKILMASINA 29\/5\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 29\/5\/2024 tarihli ve 2021\/30972 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 GENEL KURUL \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 B.B. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/30972) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 29\/5\/2024 R.G. Tarih ve Say\u0131: 3\/12\/2024 – 32741 \u00a0 GENEL KURUL \u00a0 KARAR G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K TALEB\u0130 KABUL \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA Ba\u015fkanvekili : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM \u00a0 \u00a0 R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7 \u00a0 \u00a0 Recai AKYEL \u00a0 \u00a0 Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Raport\u00f6r : Ceren Sedef EREN Ba\u015fvurucu : B.B. Vekili : Av. Tu\u011f\u00e7e Duygu K\u00d6KSAL \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, bir sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen payla\u015f\u0131mda hedef g\u00f6sterilme iddias\u0131yla yap\u0131lan \u015fik\u00e2yetin kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 ile e\u015fitlik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 5\/4\/2021 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm, ba\u015fvurunun Genel Kurul taraf\u0131ndan incelenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. 4. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 5. Ba\u015fvurucu, kalp ve damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 uzman\u0131 profes\u00f6r doktordur. …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n