T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
EROL ESK\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/53760)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 17\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
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Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
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\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
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Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Tahir Hami TOPA\u00c7<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Erol ESK\u0130<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Soner BAYIR<\/p>\n
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I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel \u015firketin y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi e-postada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeler nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015f akdinin tazminat \u00f6denmeksizin feshedilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. 1971 do\u011fumlu olan ba\u015fvurucu, Z.D. Elektrik \u00dcretimi A.\u015e.de (\u015eirket) mekanik i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayken \u015eirketin Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00fcyelerine “bilgilendirme” konulu bir e-posta g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi e-posta \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“Allah’\u0131n selam\u0131 rahmeti bereketi ihsan\u0131 irfan\u0131 ikram\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fczellikleri \u00fczerinize olsun.<\/p>\n
Eski g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ge\u00e7irmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz ‘Bokla yap\u0131lan sidikle y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r.’ derler. [Z.] Enerji’de de i\u015fler bok’la yap\u0131l\u0131yor sidikle y\u0131k\u0131lmaya mahkumdur. Tebbet suresinde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Ebu Leheb misali yuh olup gitmenizden korkar\u0131m. ‘Ma a\u011fna anh\u00fc ve ma keseb’ Ona ne mal\u0131 fayda verdi, ne de kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Tebbet Suresi-2) Sizin de ne mallar\u0131n\u0131z, ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hay\u0131r hasenatlar, ne \u00f6\u011frencilere verdi\u011finiz burslar, ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z okullar ve hatta Gezek Yataa Camii yerine Hac\u0131 Osman \u015feyhimizin ad\u0131na yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z [H.O.N.K.] Camii sizleri kurtarmayabilir ki ne zaman, taaki k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcnde…<\/p>\n
Bilgilerinize arzederim. Allah’a emanet olun.”<\/p>\n
3. G\u00f6nderilen bu e-postan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 23\/5\/2017 tarihinde, 22\/5\/2003 tarihli ve 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 25. maddesinin (II) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendi uyar\u0131nca hakl\u0131 fesih \u015fartlar\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011fundan bahisle tazminats\u0131z olarak ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015f akdi sona erdirilmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucu, k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131 alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n tahsili amac\u0131yla dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde ba\u015fvurucu; \u00f6zveriyle ve severek i\u015fini yapmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen terfi ettirilmedi\u011fini, yeni personellerin birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda terfi ettirildi\u011fini ve zam ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fyerinde personel kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu, bu durumla ilgili olarak \u015eirketin genel merkezindeki y\u00f6neticilere e-posta g\u00f6ndermesine ra\u011fmen sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine \u015eirketin Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00fcyelerine e-posta g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini, \u015eirket y\u00f6neticilerinin \u015fahs\u0131na ya da \u015eirketin kurumsal yap\u0131s\u0131na dair bir ifadesinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 atas\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn hakaret i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini ve ele\u015ftirel nitelikte oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130\u015f Mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Nazilli 1. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi (Mahkeme) 18\/10\/2018 tarihli ve E.2018\/152, K.2018\/494 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla davan\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lan mail i\u00e7eri\u011finin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde, her ne kadar di\u011fer c\u00fcmleler ele\u015ftiri kapsam\u0131nda rahats\u0131z olunan durumun dile getirilmesi olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilecek ise de ‘bokla yap\u0131lan sidikle y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r derler. [Z.] enerji de i\u015fler bok’la yap\u0131l\u0131yor sidikle y\u0131k\u0131lmaya mahkumdur’ ifadesinin ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir kimsenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin bokla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylenmesinin, ifadenin \u00e7irkin olmas\u0131, hakaret i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, feshin \u0130\u015f Kanunu m.25\/2,b uyar\u0131nca i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 nedenle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuyla davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir”<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucunun istinaf talebi \u00fczerine dosyay\u0131 inceleyen \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 9. Hukuk Dairesi (Daire) 11\/10\/2021 tarihli karar\u0131yla istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Daire karar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“Somut olayda; davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lan mail i\u00e7eri\u011finin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde, her ne kadar di\u011fer c\u00fcmleler ele\u015ftiri kapsam\u0131nda rahats\u0131z olunan durumun dile getirilmesi olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilecek ise de ‘Bokla yap\u0131lan sidikle y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r derler. [Z.] Enerji’de i\u015fler bokla yap\u0131l\u0131yor sidikle y\u0131k\u0131lmaya mahkumdur’ ifadesinin ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir kimsenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin bokla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylenmesinin, ifadenin \u00e7irkin olmas\u0131, hakaret i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, feshin \u0130\u015f Kanunu m. 25\/2-b uyar\u0131nca i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 nedenle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla davac\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131 taleplerinin reddine karar verilmesi isabetli olup bu y\u00f6nl\u00fc davac\u0131 istinaf talepleri yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir”<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucu nihai karar\u0131 1\/11\/2021 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra 11\/11\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucu; i\u015fyerinde ya\u015fanan adaletsizlikleri s\u0131ral\u0131 amirlerine bildirmesine ra\u011fmen sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle \u015eirketin Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00fcyelerine bir e-posta g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini, e-postadaki ifadelerinin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fini, ele\u015ftiri hakk\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tazminats\u0131z olarak feshedilmesinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011funu ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
9. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
10. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u015eirketin Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00fcyelerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir e-postada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeler nedeniyle feshedilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, i\u015f akdinin feshedildi\u011fi \u015eirkette \u00f6zel hukuk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi bir personeldir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla somut olayda kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan idarenin do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahalesinin s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurunun devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctle negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. \u00c7.A. (3) [GK], B. No: 2018\/10286, 2\/7\/2020, \u00a7 104; Ayla Demir \u0130\u015fat [GK], B. No: 2018\/24245, 8\/10\/2020, \u00a7 113).<\/p>\n
11. Pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015filerinin birbirleriyle olan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yasal altyap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lama gereklerine uygun ve usul y\u00f6n\u00fcnden g\u00fcvenceleri haiz bir yarg\u0131lama kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesini, bu yarg\u0131lamalarda temel haklara ili\u015fkin anayasal g\u00fcvencelerin g\u00f6zetilip g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011finin denetlenmesini de gerektirir (\u00d6m\u00fcr Kara ve Onursal \u00d6zbek, B. No: 2013\/4825, 24\/3\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 47, 48). Bu sebeple devletin negatif bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olarak salt insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bireylerin birbirleriyle olan yatay ili\u015fkileri de insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n konusu olmakta, bunun sonucunda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin eylemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 koruman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda da devletin birtak\u0131m pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Zira devletin, kayna\u011f\u0131 ne olursa olsun yetki alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinden sorumlulu\u011fu, bu haklar\u0131n garant\u00f6r\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal bir sonucudur. Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin bu etkisine yatay etki denmektedir (Tuna Ay\u00e7i\u00e7ek, B. No: 2014\/6526, 24\/01\/2018, \u00a7 59).<\/p>\n
12. Bu do\u011frultuda \u00f6zel hukuk i\u015f ili\u015fkisi kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bireylerin Anayasa ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan haklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahale iddias\u0131 i\u00e7eren uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n karara ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalarda derece mahkemelerince s\u00f6z konusu g\u00fcvenceler g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilmemeli, i\u015fveren ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan \u00e7\u0131karlar adil bi\u00e7imde dengelenmeli, m\u00fcdahalenin i\u015fverenin me\u015fru amac\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmeli, ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulurken ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7eler sunulmal\u0131d\u0131r (\u00d6m\u00fcr Kara ve Onursal \u00d6zbek, \u00a7 50).<\/p>\n
13. Derece mahkemelerince taraflar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 dengelenirken ve m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc irdelenirken i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 ve zorlay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerin ne \u015fekilde belirlendi\u011fi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n temel haklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalede bulunulmas\u0131na neden olan me\u015fru amac\u0131n m\u00fcdahale ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n eylem ya da eylemsizlikleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 bir i\u015flem olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut olay\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yarg\u0131lamalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen i\u015flemlerin ve neticede verilen karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinin bizatihi ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in derece mahkemelerince gereken \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir (baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte bkz. \u00d6m\u00fcr Kara ve Onursal \u00d6zbek, \u00a7 51).<\/p>\n
14. Yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olayda Anayasa Mahkemesince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, ba\u015fvurucu ile i\u015fveren \u015eirket aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel hukuk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan feshedilmesi \u00fczerine kamu makamlar\u0131nca etkili bir yarg\u0131sal sistem kurulup i\u015fletilerek ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile i\u015fverenin menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurmak suretiyle devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmekte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Volkan \u00c7ak\u0131r, B. No: 2017\/35488, 7\/4\/2021, \u00a7 28).<\/p>\n
15. Ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda, i\u015f\u00e7i olan ba\u015fvurucunun \u015eirketin Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00fcyelerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi e-postada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeler nedeniyle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi hakl\u0131 fesih h\u00fck\u00fcmlerince tazminat \u00f6denmeksizin sona erdirilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun ihbar ve k\u0131dem tazminatlar\u0131n\u0131 tahsil etmek amac\u0131yla a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava ise derece mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmi\u015ftir. Derece mahkemeleri kararlar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi e-postada yer alan “Bokla yap\u0131lan sidikle y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r derler. [Z.] Enerji’de i\u015fler bokla yap\u0131l\u0131yor sidikle y\u0131k\u0131lmaya mahkumdur” ifadesinin \u00e7irkin olmas\u0131 ve hakaret i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015fveren a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan fesih i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 neden olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
16. T\u00fcrk i\u015f hukukunda, doktrin ve Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131 ile feshin son \u00e7are olmas\u0131 ilkesi benimsenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshine son \u00e7are olarak ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131, daha hafif tedbirlerle ya da y\u00f6ntemlerle i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 durumunda ancak fesih d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir (bu do\u011frultuda bkz. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, 22\/3\/2007, E.2006\/36997, K.2007\/8174; Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, 24\/2\/2016, E.2015\/26193, K.2016\/3803; Yarg\u0131tay 7. Hukuk Dairesi, 17\/3\/2016, E.2015\/39141, K.2016\/6555; Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, 12\/6\/2007, E.2007\/8740, K.2007\/18743; Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, 14\/12\/2009, E.2009\/11733, K.2009\/34774). Feshin son \u00e7are olmas\u0131 ilkesi, i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 18. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ge\u00e7erli sebeple fesih h\u00e2llerinde g\u00fcndeme gelmekle birlikte an\u0131lan Kanun’un 25. maddesinde h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nan hakl\u0131 sebeple derh\u00e2l fesih kurumunun temelinde de m\u00fcndemi\u00e7tir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131taya g\u00f6re i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan feshi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli bir sebebin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131nda feshin son \u00e7are olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekirken i\u015fverence hakl\u0131 sebeple fesih h\u00e2linin ortaya konulmas\u0131 durumunda zaten i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in geriye ba\u015fvurulabilecek tek \u00e7are olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshi kalmaktad\u0131r (sendika hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda feshin son \u00e7are olmas\u0131 ilkesine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar i\u00e7in bkz. Muharrem \u00c7imen [GK], B. No: 2016\/5002, 23\/3\/2023, \u00a7\u00a7 26, 50).<\/p>\n
17. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin koruma alan\u0131nda kalan baz\u0131 s\u00f6z, fiil ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin feshedilmesinin ki\u015filer i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131r bir sonu\u00e7 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu nedenle son \u00e7are oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmeden temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini kullanan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin feshedilmesi s\u00f6z konusu i\u015f\u00e7iler ve di\u011ferleri \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye neden olacakt\u0131r. O h\u00e2lde bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshinin temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ihlaline neden olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam ettirilmesini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen ve do\u011frudan en a\u011f\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan bu sebeplerin i\u015fverence ve daha sonra denetleme yapan derece mahkemelerince hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde ortaya konulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir (Sonay Tezcan ve Kardelen Yo\u011fungan, B. No: 2018\/24097, 2\/5\/2023, \u00a7 63). Somut olayda ise ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6zleri kaba olarak kabul edilse bile yarg\u0131 mercileri taraf\u0131ndan bu s\u00f6zlerin i\u015f akdinin feshini hakl\u0131 k\u0131lacak boyuta ne \u015fekilde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilememi\u015ftir (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. H\u00fclya \u0130nan, B. No: 2019\/10642, 11\/1\/2023, \u00a7 19).<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa Mahkemesi G\u00fclbiz Alkan (B. No: 2018\/33476, 7\/10\/2021) karar\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7inin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile i\u015fverenin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131 gereken adil dengeye ili\u015fkin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken birtak\u0131m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler belirlemi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re dile getirilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n nerede, kimlerle ve hangi \u015fartlarda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ki\u015finin amac\u0131, iyi niyetli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131rf \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere zarar vermek maksad\u0131yla kullan\u0131p kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kullan\u0131lan ifadeler ve bunlar\u0131n hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131na etkileri (G\u00fclbiz Alkan, \u00a7 37) \u015feklindeki kriterler somut olay ba\u011flam\u0131nda da uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
19. E-posta i\u00e7eri\u011fi incelendi\u011finde ba\u015fvurucu, i\u015fverenin ki\u015filere ve topluma yararl\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da faaliyette bulundu\u011funu ifade ettikten sonra kendisinin de bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu kurumun i\u015fleyi\u015fini ele\u015ftirmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6zlerin muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131na sarf edilmi\u015f hakaret i\u00e7erikli ifadeler de\u011fil kurumsal i\u015fleyi\u015fe ili\u015fkin de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7eren ele\u015ftiri mahiyetinde ifadeler oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Tunca \u0130lker \u00d6\u011freten (2), B. No: 2018\/3843, 13\/4\/2023, \u00a7 30; Cengiz \u015eim\u015fek, B. No: 2018\/19950, 13\/9\/2022, \u00a7 37; Halil Faki Erdal, B. No: 2016\/14380, 25\/9\/2019, \u00a7 39; Meral \u00d6zata \u00d6zg\u00fcrol, B. No: 2015\/2326, 26\/12\/2018, \u00a7 49; Hulisi Elmas, B. No: 2014\/13607, 10\/1\/2018, \u00a7 37). Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucu s\u00f6z konusu ifadeleri \u015eirketin veya muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131 sarsacak nitelikte kamuya a\u00e7\u0131klama gibi aleni bir \u015fekilde de\u011fil sadece ilgili ki\u015filere e-posta g\u00f6ndermek suretiyle dile getirmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda e-posta sadece g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f ve infial etkisi azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Kenan G\u00fcl, B. No: 2015\/17892, 19\/2\/2019, \u00a7 64; Cengiz \u015eim\u015fek, \u00a7 38).<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6z konusu ifadeleri kullanmas\u0131ndaki amac\u0131 ve motivasyonu da irdelenmelidir. Ba\u015fvurucu, s\u0131ral\u0131 amirlerine ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 iletmesine kar\u015f\u0131n sonu\u00e7 alamamas\u0131 nedeniyle hakl\u0131 fesih nedeni olarak kabul edilen ifadeleri i\u00e7eren e-postay\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini belirtmektedir. \u0130\u015fverenin ba\u015fvurucunun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zleri kaba ve rahats\u0131z edici buldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte ba\u015fvurucunun de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bu ifadeleri kullanmas\u0131ndaki temel amac\u0131n i\u015fverenlere y\u00f6nelik bir hakaret de\u011fil u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131klar hususunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratmak oldu\u011fu ve ba\u015fvurucunun bunlar\u0131 kurum i\u015fleyi\u015fini nitelemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hakl\u0131 fesih nedeni olarak kabul edilen bu ifade, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kelimeler nedeniyle sosyoekonomik olarak daha y\u00fcksek seviyelerdeki baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerde kaba olarak nitelendirilse dahi bu ifadenin toplumun bir kesimince vahim ve kabul edilemez i\u015fleri ele\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bilinmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6z konusu ifadelerin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n on dokuz y\u0131l gibi uzun say\u0131labilecek bir s\u00fcre \u015eirkete emek ve mesaisini harcayan, buna kar\u015f\u0131n haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ba\u015fvurucunun agresif anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
21. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015fvurucu, toplumca s\u0131rf basit, kaba ya da yak\u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z kabul edilebilecek bir s\u00f6z\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131r bir sonu\u00e7la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f; s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi feshedilerek tazminat elde edememi\u015ftir. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7 nedeniyle Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere g\u00f6re feshin son \u00e7are olmas\u0131 prensibinin bu t\u00fcr davalarda de\u011ferlendirilmesinin temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nemde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Zira son \u00e7are oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmeden feshin hakl\u0131 nedene dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul\u00fcyle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini kullanan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin feshedilmesi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tazminattan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu i\u015f\u00e7iler ve di\u011ferleri \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye neden olacakt\u0131r. O h\u00e2lde bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshinin temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ihlaline neden olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam ettirilmesini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen ve do\u011frudan en a\u011f\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan bu sebeplerin i\u015fverence ve daha sonra denetleme yapan derece mahkemelerince hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde ortaya konulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Kardelen Yo\u011fungan ve Sonay Tezcan, \u00a7 63; Ayhan Aky\u00fcz ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2018\/6851, 10\/5\/2023, \u00a7 45). Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015f akdinin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tazminat talebinin reddedilmesinde feshin son \u00e7are olmas\u0131 prensibinin de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
22. Yukar\u0131daki de\u011ferlendirmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa Mahkemesi 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 25. maddesinin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir yoruma tabi tutularak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n dolayl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve derece mahkemelerinin Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ilkelere uygun hareket etmedikleri kanaatine varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
24. Ba\u015fvurucu, ihlalin tespiti ve yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi ile birlikte miktar\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmeksizin tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
25. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni bir karar vermektir (Mehmet Do\u011fan, B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3), B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
26. Eski h\u00e2le getirme kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurucuya manevi zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda net 30.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere Nazilli 1. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine (E.2018\/152, K.2018\/494) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvurucuya net 30.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 487,60 TL har\u00e7 ve 18.800 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 19.287,60 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 17\/7\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 17\/7\/2024 tarihli ve 2021\/53760 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 EROL ESK\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/53760) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 17\/7\/2024 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE Raport\u00f6r : Tahir Hami TOPA\u00c7 Ba\u015fvurucu : Erol ESK\u0130 Vekili : Av. Soner BAYIR \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel \u015firketin y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi e-postada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeler nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015f akdinin tazminat \u00f6denmeksizin feshedilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. 1971 do\u011fumlu olan ba\u015fvurucu, Z.D. Elektrik \u00dcretimi A.\u015e.de (\u015eirket) mekanik i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayken \u015eirketin Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00fcyelerine “bilgilendirme” konulu bir e-posta g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi e-posta \u015fu \u015fekildedir: “Allah’\u0131n selam\u0131 rahmeti bereketi ihsan\u0131 irfan\u0131 ikram\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fczellikleri \u00fczerinize olsun. Eski g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ge\u00e7irmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz ‘Bokla yap\u0131lan sidikle y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r.’ derler. [Z.] Enerji’de de i\u015fler bok’la yap\u0131l\u0131yor sidikle y\u0131k\u0131lmaya mahkumdur. Tebbet suresinde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Ebu Leheb misali yuh olup gitmenizden korkar\u0131m. ‘Ma a\u011fna anh\u00fc ve ma keseb’ Ona ne mal\u0131 fayda verdi, ne de kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Tebbet Suresi-2) Sizin de ne mallar\u0131n\u0131z, ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hay\u0131r hasenatlar, ne \u00f6\u011frencilere verdi\u011finiz burslar, ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z okullar ve hatta Gezek Yataa Camii yerine Hac\u0131 Osman \u015feyhimizin ad\u0131na …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n