ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/15<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/159<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 24\/9\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 21\/11\/2024-32729<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 26. Hukuk Dairesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 3\/11\/1980 tarihli ve 2330 say\u0131l\u0131 Nakdi Tazminat ve Ayl\u0131k Ba\u011flanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve manevi\u2026\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 17. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Operasyon g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda asker\u00ee arac\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazada \u00f6len asker ki\u015finin yak\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan maddi ve manevi tazminat davas\u0131nda itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptalleri i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STEN\u0130LEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenilen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 6. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cNakdi tazminat ve ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisi<\/p>\n
Madde 6 \u2013 Bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6denecek nakdi tazminat ile ba\u011flanacak emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u011fran\u0131lan maddi ve manevi zararlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131 mercilerinde maddi ve manevi zararlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulacaklar\u0131 tazminat\u0131n hesab\u0131nda bu kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6denen nakdi tazminat ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bulunan ayl\u0131klar g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
1. 3. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cNakdi tazminat<\/p>\n
Madde 3 \u2013 Bu kanun kapsam\u0131na girenlerden;<\/p>\n
a) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 1\/4\/1998 – 4356\/1 Md.) \u00d6lenlerin kanuni miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na, en y\u00fcksek Devlet Memuru br\u00fct ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (Ek g\u00f6sterge dahil) 100 kat\u0131 tutar\u0131nda,<\/p>\n
b) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 1\/4\/1998 – 4356\/1 md.) Ya\u015famak i\u00e7in gerekli hareketleri yapmaktan aciz ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m ve deste\u011fi ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilecek \u015fekilde mal\u00fcl olanlara 200 kat\u0131, di\u011fer engelli h\u00e2le gelenlere (a) bendinde belirtilen tutar\u0131n % 25’inden % 75’ine kadar, yaralananlara ise % 20’sini ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere engellilik ve yaralanma derecesine g\u00f6re,<\/p>\n
Nakdi tazminat \u00f6denir.<\/p>\n
Bu nakdi tazminat\u0131n tespitine esas tutulacak ayl\u0131k; tazminat verilmesine dair karar tarihindeki en y\u00fcksek Devlet memuru ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (Ek g\u00f6sterge dahil) br\u00fct tutar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c) (a) bendi esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re tespit edilen nakdi tazminat\u0131n kanuni miras\u00e7\u0131lara intikalinde; \u00f6lenin e\u015f ve f\u00fcruu veya yaln\u0131zca f\u00fcruu ile i\u00e7tima eden ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihinde sa\u011f olan ana ve babas\u0131n\u0131n her birine ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmak \u00fczere % 15 tutar\u0131ndaki k\u0131sm\u0131 verildikten sonra kalan\u0131 i\u00e7tima eden di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara \u00f6denir. Di\u011fer hallerde miras h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. Ancak ana veya babaya verilen tazminat \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n her birine \u00f6denen tazminattan fazla olamaz.<\/p>\n
d) (Ek: 7\/6\/1990 – 3658\/2 md.) Kesin raporun al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n uzayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde tazminat\u0131n \u00f6denme us\u00fcllerine g\u00f6re, olay tarihi itibariyle, (b) bendine g\u00f6re hesaplanacak miktar\u0131n asgari oran\u0131 \u00fczerinden avans \u00f6denir.<\/p>\n
Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc halin devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, bu maddede yer alan nakdi tazminat miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131ya kadar indirilmesine veya nakdi tazminata ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmamas\u0131na Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yetkilidir.\u201d,<\/p>\n
2. 4. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cAyl\u0131k ba\u011flanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Madde 4 \u2013 Bu Kanun kapsam\u0131na girenlerden;<\/p>\n
a) Engelli h\u00e2le gelerek ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 sosyal g\u00fcvenlik mevzuat\u0131na g\u00f6re emekliye sevk edilenlere g\u00f6rev malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b) Emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 almakta iken engelli h\u00e2le gelenlerin almakta olduklar\u0131 ayl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6rev malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c) \u00d6lenlerin kendilerine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gereken g\u00f6rev malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, dul ve yetimlerine intikal ettirilir.<\/p>\n
Bu madde gere\u011fince ilgili sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131nca kendi mevzuatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u011flanan ayl\u0131klar, (\u2026) % 25 art\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6denir.<\/p>\n
d) Herhangi bir sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumuna tabi olmayanlar\u0131n engelli h\u00e2le gelmeleri halinde, \u00f6\u011frenim durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununun de\u011fi\u015fik 36 nc\u0131 maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenecek giri\u015f derece ve kademeleri \u00fczerinden (\u00d6\u011frenimi bulunmayanlar\u0131n ilkokul mezunu gibi) kendilerine, \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde dul ve yetimlerine 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re T.C. Emekli Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131nca g\u00f6rev malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 % 25 art\u0131r\u0131larak ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(De\u011fi\u015fik f\u0131kra: 12\/7\/2013-6495\/80 md.) Birinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) ve (b) bentleri h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanarak ayl\u0131k ba\u011flananlara ayl\u0131k ba\u011flama tarihi itibar\u0131yla sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131nca kendi sigortal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6denmekte olan gelir ve\/veya ayl\u0131klar\u0131n toplam\u0131, 14\/7\/1965 tarihli ve 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununun 36 nc\u0131 maddesi gere\u011fince \u00f6\u011frenim durumuna g\u00f6re belirlenecek giri\u015f derece ve kademesi ile 30 y\u0131l fiili hizmet s\u00fcresi esas al\u0131narak m\u00fclga h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de dahil 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re hesaplanacak vazife malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %25 art\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 tutar\u0131ndan az olamaz ve bu \u015fekilde belirlenen gelir ve\/veya ayl\u0131klar ilgili sigortal\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2lindeki ayl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Birinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) ve (b) bentleri kapsam\u0131na girenler, ayl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere (d) bendi kapsam\u0131na girenlerin malull\u00fck h\u00e2line ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklardan da ayn\u0131 esas ve usuller \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yararland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu Kanuna veya bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanarak ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren kanunlara g\u00f6re ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanan maluller ile 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 56 nc\u0131ve m\u00fclga 64 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi kapsam\u0131nda ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanan malullerin, malul say\u0131lmalar\u0131 sebebiyle ayl\u0131k ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten \u00f6nceki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sigortal\u0131l\u0131k ve prim \u00f6deme s\u00fcreleri, i\u015ftirak\u00e7ilik ve fiili hizmet s\u00fcreleri ile bunlar\u0131n itibari ve fiili hizmet s\u00fcresi zamm\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilen s\u00fcreleri, malull\u00fck ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flanmas\u0131ndan sonra ge\u00e7ecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma veya sigortal\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcreleriyle hi\u00e7bir sebeple birle\u015ftirilemez. Bu \u015fekilde ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ge\u00e7en s\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcreler; malull\u00fck ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flanmas\u0131ndan sonra ge\u00e7en sigortal\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin tabi olaca\u011f\u0131 sigortal\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2li ile m\u00fclga 2829 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uygulamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden dikkate al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, sonradan ge\u00e7en sigortal\u0131l\u0131k veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k\/emeklilik, malull\u00fck ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm\/dul veya yetim ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda veya toptan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda ilgili mevzuat\u0131na g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma veya sigortal\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcresi olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Ancak, bu Kanuna g\u00f6re ayl\u0131k ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayanlardan, ayl\u0131k ba\u011fland\u0131ktan sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 5510 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihinden sonra olanlar i\u00e7in 5510 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 4 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamaz. Yukar\u0131da belirtilen kanunlara g\u00f6re malull\u00fck ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flanmas\u0131na esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hastal\u0131k ya da engellilik h\u00e2lleri ve bu hastal\u0131k ya da engellilik hallerindeki ilerlemeler, sonradan ge\u00e7en \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sebebiyle ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hak kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde dikkate al\u0131nmaz. (Ek c\u00fcmle: 25\/3\/2020-7226\/6 md.) Ancak, bu kapsamdakiler ayl\u0131k ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten sonra ge\u00e7en \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en az 20 y\u0131ldan beri sigortal\u0131 bulunmak ve en az 5000 g\u00fcn malull\u00fck, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcm sigortalar\u0131 primi \u00f6demi\u015f olmak \u015fart\u0131yla talepleri halinde ayr\u0131ca ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(Ek f\u0131kra: 12\/7\/2013-6495\/80 md.) Bu madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 56 nc\u0131 maddesi kapsam\u0131ndakiler ve harp malulleri hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, M. Emin KUZ, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR ve Muhterem \u0130NCE\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 1\/2\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurma talebinin esas inceleme a\u015famas\u0131nda karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131na OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Cem G\u00dcNDO\u011eDU taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
3. 2330 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da, an\u0131lan Kanun kapsam\u0131nda belli faaliyetlerde g\u00f6revlendirilenlerin bu g\u00f6revlerinden dolay\u0131 ya da g\u00f6revleri sona ermi\u015f olsa bile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hizmet nedeniyle derh\u00e2l veya bu y\u00fczden maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 yaralanma ya da hastal\u0131k sonucu \u00f6lmeleri veya engelli duruma gelmeleri h\u00e2linde \u00f6denecek nakdi tazminat ile birlikte ba\u011flanacak ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve say\u0131lan nedenlerle yaralanmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6denecek nakd\u00ee tazminat\u0131n esas ve y\u00f6ntemleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesinde Kanun kapsam\u0131na giren kamu g\u00f6revlileri ve di\u011fer ki\u015filer belirlenmi\u015f; 3. ve 4. maddelerinde ise bu kapsama girenlere \u00f6denecek nakd\u00ee tazminat ile ba\u011flanacak ayl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar tespit edilmi\u015ftir. 3. maddeye g\u00f6re Kanun kapsam\u0131na girenlerden \u00f6lenlerin kanuni miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na, en y\u00fcksek devlet memuru br\u00fct ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (ek g\u00f6sterge d\u00e2hil) 100 kat\u0131 tutar\u0131nda, ya\u015famak i\u00e7in gerekli hareketleri yapmaktan aciz ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m ve deste\u011fi ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilecek \u015fekilde malul olanlara 200 kat\u0131, di\u011fer engelli h\u00e2le gelenlere (a) bendinde belirtilen tutar\u0131n %25\u2019inden %75\u2019ine kadar, yaralananlara ise %20\u2019sini ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere engellilik ve yaralanma derecesine g\u00f6re nakd\u00ee tazminat \u00f6denecektir.<\/p>\n
5. 4. maddeye g\u00f6re ise Kanun kapsam\u0131na girenlerden engelli h\u00e2le gelerek ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 sosyal g\u00fcvenlik mevzuat\u0131na g\u00f6re emekliye sevk edilenlere g\u00f6rev malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flanacak, emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 almakta iken engelli h\u00e2le gelenlerin almakta olduklar\u0131 ayl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6rev malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecektir. \u00d6lenlerin kendilerine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gereken g\u00f6rev malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, dul ve yetimlerine intikal ettirilecek, madde gere\u011fince ilgili sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131nca kendi mevzuatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u011flanan ayl\u0131klar %25 art\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6denecektir. Herhangi bir sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumuna tabi olmayanlar\u0131n engelli h\u00e2le gelmeleri halinde, \u00f6\u011frenim durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 14\/7\/1965 tarihli ve 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun de\u011fi\u015fik 36. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenecek giri\u015f derece ve kademeleri \u00fczerinden (\u00f6\u011frenimi bulunmayanlar\u0131n ilkokul mezunu gibi) kendilerine, \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde dul ve yetimlerine 8\/6\/1949 tarihli ve 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Emekli Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6rev malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 %25 art\u0131r\u0131larak ba\u011flanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. 2330 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinde de \u00f6denecek nakd\u00ee tazminat ile ba\u011flanacak emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n u\u011fran\u0131lan maddi ve manevi zararlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu, yarg\u0131 mercilerinde maddi ve manevi zararlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulacaklar\u0131 tazminat\u0131n hesab\u0131nda bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6denen nakd\u00ee tazminat ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bulunan ayl\u0131klar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. An\u0131lan maddede yer alan \u201c\u2026ve manevi\u2026\u201d ibareleri itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Bu itibarla kurallar uyar\u0131nca Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re hesaplanarak ilgililere \u00f6denen nakd\u00ee tazminat ve ba\u011flanan emekli ayl\u0131klar\u0131 yarg\u0131 mercilerince h\u00fckmedilecek maddi ve manevi tazminat hesaplamalar\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kurallar kapsam\u0131nda nakd\u00ee tazminat ve emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demelerinin manevi zararlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi nedeniyle mahkemelerce manevi tazminat\u0131n tekli\u011fi ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi ilkesinin g\u00f6zetilerek bu y\u00f6ndeki taleplerin reddine karar verildi\u011fi, kurallar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 madde metninde \u00f6denen tazminat\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n maddi ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n manevi tazminat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir belirlemenin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun farkl\u0131 yarg\u0131sal uygulamalara sebebiyet verdi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca zarar g\u00f6renin de s\u00f6z konusu madde gere\u011fince yap\u0131lan \u00f6demenin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 bilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu durumun ki\u015filerin manevi zarar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanamamas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 17. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
9. Anayasa’n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devleti, eylem ve i\u015flemleri hukuka uygun, insan haklar\u0131na dayanan, bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, her alanda adil bir hukuk d\u00fczeni kurup bunu geli\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayan, Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 durum ve tutumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nan, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcn kurallar\u0131yla kendini ba\u011fl\u0131 sayan, yarg\u0131 denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k olan devlettir.<\/p>\n
10. Hukuk devletinin temel ilkelerinden biri belirliliktir. Bu ilkeye g\u00f6re yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ya da ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve uygulanabilir olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Belirlilik ilkesi, hukuksal g\u00fcvenlikle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olup hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, normlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar. Bu bak\u0131mdan kanunun metninin, bireylerin gerekti\u011finde hukuki yard\u0131m almak suretiyle hangi somut eylem ve olguya hangi hukuksal yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n veya sonucun ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve kesinlikte \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmelerine imk\u00e2n verecek nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
11. 2330 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 6. maddesinde an\u0131lan Kanun kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6denecek nakd\u00ee tazminat ile ba\u011flanacak emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hem maddi hem de manevi zararlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmekte, ayr\u0131ca yarg\u0131 mercilerinde maddi ve manevi zararlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulacaklar\u0131 tazminat\u0131n hesab\u0131nda bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6denen nakd\u00ee tazminat ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bulunan ayl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Bununla birlikte \u00f6denen nakd\u00ee tazminat ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bulunan emekli ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 olaya ili\u015fkin olarak a\u00e7\u0131lacak tazminat davalar\u0131nda h\u00fckmedilecek miktar\u0131n belirlenmesinde dikkate al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in an\u0131lan \u00f6demelerin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n maddi ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n manevi zarar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funun mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilmesi zorunludur.<\/p>\n
13. \u00d6te yandan s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6demelerin hangi zarara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilgili ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesi de a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda tazminat taleplerinin ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00f6demenin niteli\u011finin idare taraf\u0131ndan belirtilmesi veya mevzuatta a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekir. Aksi durum ki\u015filer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hak kay\u0131plar\u0131na yol a\u00e7an uygulamalara neden olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
14. Kurallarda idarece \u00f6denen tutarlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n manevi zarara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yarg\u0131 mercilerince de manevi zarar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tazminata h\u00fckmedildi\u011fi takdirde bunun dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmekle birlikte bu t\u00fcr \u00f6demelerin ne kadarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n manevi zarara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00f6demenin niteli\u011finin idare taraf\u0131ndan belirtilmesi gerekti\u011fini ortaya koyan herhangi bir g\u00fcvenceye ya da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcte yer verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. Bu itibarla idarece maddi ve manevi manevi zarar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan \u00f6demenin ne kadarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n manevi zarar kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ortaya koyan ve bu \u00f6demelerin niteli\u011finin ilgililer taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan herhangi bir g\u00fcvence ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct i\u00e7ermeyen kurallar\u0131n belirli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
16. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptalleri gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kurallar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. ve 35. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130PTAL KARARININ Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RECE\u011e\u0130 G\u00dcN SORUNU<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da bunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, iptal kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar. Gereken hallerde Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu tarih, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.\u201d denilmekte, 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu kural tekrarlanarak Mahkemenin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
18. 2330 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve manevi\u2026\u201d ibarelerinin iptal edilmeleri nedeniyle do\u011facak hukuksal bo\u015fluk kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek nitelikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
V. Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN DURDURULMASI TALEB\u0130<\/p>\n
19. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle, itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n uygulanmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde telafisi g\u00fc\u00e7 veya imk\u00e2ns\u0131z zararlar\u0131n do\u011fabilece\u011fi belirtilerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3\/11\/1980 tarihli ve 2330 say\u0131l\u0131 Nakdi Tazminat ve Ayl\u0131k Ba\u011flanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve manevi\u2026\u201d ibarelerine y\u00f6nelik iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmelerinin ertelenmeleri nedeniyle bu ibarelere ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE 24\/9\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
3\/11\/1980 tarihli ve 2330 say\u0131l\u0131 Nakdi Tazminat ve Ayl\u0131k Ba\u011flanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve manevi\u2026\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olduklar\u0131na ve \u0130PTALLER\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE 24\/9\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 24\/9\/2024 tarihli, 2024\/15 esas – 2024\/159 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/15 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/159 Karar Tarihi : 24\/9\/2024 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 21\/11\/2024-32729 \u00a0 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 26. Hukuk Dairesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 3\/11\/1980 tarihli ve 2330 say\u0131l\u0131 Nakdi Tazminat ve Ayl\u0131k Ba\u011flanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve manevi\u2026\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 17. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Operasyon g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda asker\u00ee arac\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazada \u00f6len asker ki\u015finin yak\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan maddi ve manevi tazminat davas\u0131nda itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptalleri i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STEN\u0130LEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130 A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenilen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 6. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u00a0\u201cNakdi tazminat ve ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisi Madde 6 \u2013 Bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6denecek nakdi tazminat ile ba\u011flanacak emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u011fran\u0131lan maddi ve manevi zararlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131 mercilerinde maddi ve manevi zararlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulacaklar\u0131 tazminat\u0131n hesab\u0131nda bu kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6denen nakdi tazminat ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bulunan ayl\u0131klar g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur.\u201d B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Kanun\u2019un; 1. 3. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cNakdi tazminat Madde 3 \u2013 Bu kanun kapsam\u0131na girenlerden; a) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 1\/4\/1998 – …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n