T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
BURAK AKBAY VE D\u0130\u011eERLER\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/7380)<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 17\/12\/2024<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
H\u00fcseyin Ozan ADIYAMAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucular<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
1. Burak AKBAY<\/p>\n
2. Sabri Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6ZD\u0130L<\/p>\n
3. Estetik Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e.<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. \u0130smail YILMAZ<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, ulusal bir gazetede yay\u0131mlanan k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerden dolay\u0131 tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu Burak Akbay, S\u00f6zc\u00fc gazetesi ve yay\u0131n sahibi Estetik Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e.nin kurucu orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucu Sabri Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6zdil ise bu gazetede yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanan bir k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131 ve gazetecidir.<\/p>\n
3. S\u00f6zc\u00fc gazetesinin 2\/10\/2016 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucu Sabri Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6zdil’in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f’\u0131kl\u0131k Sistemi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu, k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fu ifadeleri kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
“Fakir fukaraya yard\u0131m ediyoruz ayaklar\u0131yla m\u00fctedeyyin insanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplayan [K.Y.M.] Derne\u011fi, fet\u00f6c\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Afrika\u2019da a\u00e7lar\u0131 doyuruyoruz d\u00fcmeniyle kurban paras\u0131 toplad\u0131klar\u0131, Somali\u2019de dana kestik, Uganda\u2019da koyun kestik deyip, kurban paralar\u0131n\u0131 Pensilvanya\u2019ya havale ettikleri anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u00dcstelik… \u0130\u015fte bak\u0131n sizin kurban\u0131 b\u00f6yle kestik, \u015f\u00f6yle da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131k diye CD\u2019ler g\u00f6nderiyorlard\u0131, kurban ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunanlar bu CD\u2019leri seyredip, hay\u0131rlara vesile olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in dua ediyorlard\u0131, me\u011fer, be\u015f senedir herkese ayn\u0131 CD\u2019yi g\u00f6nderiyorlarm\u0131\u015f iyi mi… Herifler bir tane kurban kesmi\u015f, seyreden herkes kendisininki zannediyormu\u015f!<\/p>\n
Bu dernek ne zaman kuruldu?<\/p>\n
2004\u2019te, Akp iktidara gelir gelmez kuruldu.<\/p>\n
2006\u2019da, Akp h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckamu yarar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dernek stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d verildi.<\/p>\n
2007\u2019de, Akp h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan \u201cizinsiz yard\u0131m toplama yetkisi\u201d verildi.<\/p>\n
2008\u2019de TBMM ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, TBMM \u00dcst\u00fcn Hizmet \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc verildi.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi fet\u00f6c\u00fc dedikleri bu derne\u011fe \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmet \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc verdiklerinde, TBMM ba\u015fkan\u0131 kimdi? Herhalde \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019yd\u00fc!<\/p>\n
Keriz Feneri\u2019ni hat\u0131rlars\u0131n\u0131z… M\u00fcbarek ramazan ay\u0131nda burnuna sinek konmu\u015f Afrikal\u0131 a\u00e7 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterip, ‘asr\u0131n iyilik hareketi’ slogan\u0131yla m\u00fctedeyyin insanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f topluyorlard\u0131. Kurban ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sahte faturalarla indiragandi yapt\u0131klar\u0131, kendilerine villa ald\u0131klar\u0131, gemi ald\u0131klar\u0131, zekat paralar\u0131n\u0131 sevgililerine yedirdikleri, dini b\u00fct\u00fcn pozlar\u0131 verirken, Las Vegas\u2019ta kumara bile gittikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Keriz Feneri derne\u011fi de, t\u0131pk\u0131 [K.Y.M.] Derne\u011fi gibi, 2004 senesinde, Akp iktidara gelir gelmez sahneye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
2004\u2019te kamu yarar\u0131na dernek stat\u00fcs\u00fc alabilmek i\u00e7in Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a ba\u015fvurdu. O zamanlar, bu izni sadece Dan\u0131\u015ftay verebiliyordu. Keriz Feneri derne\u011fi, Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019dan izin istedi. Dan\u0131\u015ftay reddetti, izin vermedi. Aradan biraz zaman ge\u00e7ti, tekrar Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a ba\u015fvurdu, tekrar izin istedi. Dan\u0131\u015ftay gene reddetti, gene izin vermedi. Bunun \u00fczerine ne oldu biliyor musunuz… Akp h\u00fck\u00fcmeti zart diye devreye girdi, zurt diye dernekler kanununu de\u011fi\u015ftirdi, Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019dan izin al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131, izin yetkisini bakanlar kuruluna verdi.<\/p>\n
Dan\u0131\u015ftay engeli ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r kald\u0131r\u0131lmaz, Keriz Feneri\u2019ne bakanlar kurulu karar\u0131yla ‘kamu yarar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dernek stat\u00fcs\u00fc’ verildi. Bir sene sonra, 2005\u2019te ‘izinsiz yard\u0131m toplama yetkisi’ verildi, vergiden muaf tutuldu. 2007\u2019de TBMM ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan TBMM \u00dcst\u00fcn Hizmet \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc verildi.<\/p>\n
Keriz Feneri\u2019ne \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmet \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc verdiklerinde, TBMM ba\u015fkan\u0131 kimdi? Muhtemelen \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019yd\u00fc!<\/p>\n
\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi\u2019ne sald\u0131rd\u0131lar, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f E\u011fitim Vakf\u0131\u2019na sald\u0131rd\u0131lar, Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Derne\u011fi\u2019ne sald\u0131rd\u0131lar… TBMM \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmet \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc verilen ve ‘dindar’ denilen derneklerden biri doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc hem doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 hem fet\u00f6c\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Samimi fikrimi sorarsan\u0131z…<\/p>\n
Kendi memleketimizde bunca \u015fehit ailesi, bunca gazi varken, garibanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden okuyamayan bunca \u00e7ocu\u011fumuz varken, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in yurtlara, burslara, her bir kuru\u015fu alt\u0131n de\u011ferinde yard\u0131mlara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z varken… Say\u0131n ahalimiz, haritadaki yerini bile bilmedi\u011fi Myanmar\u2019a kurban ba\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131yorsa, Sudan\u2019da Kongo\u2019da iftar veriyorsa, kendi \u00e7ocu\u011funun okulunu bok g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrken, Tanzanya\u2019ya okul yapt\u0131r\u0131yorsa… Bu ahaliyi soymak sevapt\u0131r!<\/p>\n
O nedenle… ‘Hay\u0131rlara Vesilenin S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc’ ismiyle dernek kurma haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131m. Hen\u00fcz kendilerine dan\u0131\u015fmad\u0131m ama, [B.C., U.D. ve E.\u00c7.yi] m\u00fctevelli heyetine almay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Cibuti\u2019de imam hatip \u00fcniversitesi a\u00e7\u0131p, Etiyopya\u2019da deve kesece\u011fiz, karda k\u0131\u015fta \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmesinler diye Senegalli \u00e7ocuklara gocuk alaca\u011f\u0131z. [M.G.den] rica ettim, ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunan m\u00fctedeyyin hay\u0131rseverlere g\u00f6nderece\u011fimiz CD\u2019leri bizzat haz\u0131rlayacak.<\/p>\n
Panama\u2019dan bi hesap numaras\u0131 ayarlar ayarlamaz, yay\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131m, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6nderirsiniz. Yok ben illa hemen vereyim derseniz, \u00e7antayla-po\u015fetle elden teslim alma servisimiz mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
E h\u00e2liyle, meclis ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bi \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmet \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc de bize takdim eder gari.”<\/p>\n
4. D.F. Yard\u0131mla\u015fma ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi (D.F. Derne\u011fi) k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular aleyhine Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y 8. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde (Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi) 50.000 TL talepli manevi tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davac\u0131 Dernek dilek\u00e7esinde, “Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f’\u0131kl\u0131k Sistemi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yer verilen “Keriz Feneri\u2019ni hat\u0131rlars\u0131n\u0131z… M\u00fcbarek ramazan ay\u0131nda burnuna sinek konmu\u015f Afrikal\u0131 a\u00e7 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterip, ‘asr\u0131n iyilik hareketi’ slogan\u0131yla m\u00fctedeyyin insanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f topluyorlard\u0131. Kurban ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sahte faturalarla indiragandi yapt\u0131klar\u0131, kendilerine villa ald\u0131klar\u0131, gemi ald\u0131klar\u0131, zekat paralar\u0131n\u0131 sevgililerine yedirdikleri, dinib\u00fct\u00fcn pozlar\u0131 verirken, Las Vegas\u2019ta kumara bile gittikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.” \u015feklindeki ifadelerin ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak insani yard\u0131m alan\u0131nda toplumun kendisine duydu\u011fu g\u00fcven ve kamuoyundaki itibar ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oran\u0131nda hizmette bulunabildi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Dernek, k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131ndaki ifadelerin Derne\u011fin ve y\u00f6neticilerinin itibar\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fini, telafisi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z zarara neden oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucular ise uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin beyanlar\u0131nda k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fbmetin izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisi verdi\u011fi K.Y.M. Derne\u011finin Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\/Paralel Devlet Yap\u0131lanmas\u0131yla (FET\u00d6\/PDY) ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funa ve yard\u0131m paralar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair haberler \u00fczerine haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisi verilmesindeki usul\u00fc ele\u015ftirdiklerinin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015f, bu ele\u015ftiriyi yaparken ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisine sahip olan ve bu yetkiyi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla baz\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri soru\u015fturulan D.F. Derne\u011finden bahsettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klayan ba\u015fvurucular, k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki ifadeleri daha \u00f6nce \u00e7e\u015fitli bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda yer verilen haberlerdeki bilgi ve iddialara dayanarak kurgulad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca dava konusu yaz\u0131y\u0131 haz\u0131rlarken esas ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ettikleri haberlerin g\u00f6rsellerini delil olarak Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine sunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesine sunduklar\u0131 evraka g\u00f6re 13\/5\/2015 tarihinde H\u00fcrriyet adl\u0131 haber sitesinde yay\u0131mlanan “D.F. davas\u0131nda karar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberde; hizmet nedeniyle g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, \u00f6zel belgede sahtecilik ve kamu g\u00f6revlisinin sahtecilik su\u00e7una i\u015ftirak etme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istenen yirmi san\u0131ktan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n beraatine, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ise hakk\u0131ndaki ceza davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma ve \u00f6zel belgede sahtecilik su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla yarg\u0131lanan Radyo ve Televizyon \u00dcst Kurulu (RT\u00dcK) eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Z.A. hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine, Kanal 7 Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Z.K.n\u0131n ise beraatine karar verildi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. 14\/5\/2015 tarihinde Milliyet adl\u0131 haber sitesinde yay\u0131mlanan “D.F. davas\u0131nda san\u0131klar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri ceza almad\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberde de yukar\u0131dakilere benzer a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Radikal adl\u0131 haber sitesinde 11\/9\/2008 tarihinde yay\u0131mlanan “12 soruda D.F. davas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberde, Almanya Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddianameye g\u00f6re D.F. Derne\u011fi kampanyas\u0131nda toplanan 41 milyon avronun 18 milyonunun ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 haber sitesinin 11\/1\/2010 tarihli “Z.A. Las Vegas’ta fena yakaland\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberinde, kamuoyunda D.F. davas\u0131 olarak bilinen yarg\u0131lama nedeniyle s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnler ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen RT\u00dcK eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Z.A.n\u0131n bir fuar nedeniyle gitti\u011fi Las Vegas’ta kumar masas\u0131nda yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Davan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi 11\/9\/2018 tarihinde davan\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi ret karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde; D.F. Derne\u011fi ve y\u00f6neticileri hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalar nedeniyle daha \u00f6nce H\u00fcrriyet ve Milliyet gazeteleri gibi ulusal bas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli yeri olan gazetelerde haberler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve 11\/1\/2010 tarihli ba\u015fka bir haberde an\u0131lan Derne\u011fin y\u00f6neticilerinden olan Z.A.n\u0131n Las Vegas’ta kumar oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iddia edildi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin Dernek y\u00f6neticilerinin yarg\u0131lanma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde \u00e7\u0131kan haberlere dayan\u0131larak kurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu neviden derneklere yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapmak isteyen iyi niyetli ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst vatanda\u015flar\u0131 uyarmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde, belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde abart\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde, okuyucunun ilgisini \u00e7ekecek ifadeler kullan\u0131lmak suretiyle haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131na vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nihai olarak Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi, yaz\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren ve her zaman g\u00fcncel olabilecek bir konuda, daha \u00f6nce kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lan haberlere dayan\u0131larak haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. Davac\u0131n\u0131n istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu s\u00f6z konusu karar \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 4. Hukuk Dairesince (B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi) incelenmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi, istinaf talebinin kabul\u00fc ile Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve davan\u0131n k\u0131smen kabul\u00fc ile 15.000 TL manevi tazminat\u0131n daval\u0131lardan tahsiline kesin olarak karar vermi\u015ftir. K\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin objektif s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi yaz\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitiren bir olayla ilgili haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar do\u011frultusunda; davaya konu a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan davac\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sarf edilen’…kurban ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sahte faturalarla indiragandi yapt\u0131klar\u0131, gemi ald\u0131klar\u0131, zekat paralar\u0131n\u0131 sevgililerine yedirdikleri, dini b\u00fct\u00fcn pozlar verirken, Las Vegas\u2019ta kumara bile gittikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131….’ \u015feklindeki s\u00f6z ve ifadelerinin objektif s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitiren olayla ilgili yay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fe de uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dernektekilerin zekat paralar\u0131n\u0131 sevgililerine yedirdiklerine ili\u015fkin daval\u0131lar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir delil ya da emare sunmad\u0131klar\u0131 bu durumda yaz\u0131da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayboldu\u011fu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve ele\u015ftiri hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, do\u011frudan t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fin, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00e2liyle davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmal\u0131 ve davac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir.”<\/p>\n
10. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131 11\/1\/2021 tarihinde ba\u015fvuruculara tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f, ba\u015fvurucular 8\/2\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvurucular \u00f6ncelikle ihtilaf konusu k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n K.Y.M. Derne\u011fiyle ilgili oldu\u011funu, yaz\u0131da bu neviden derneklere kamu makamlar\u0131ndan izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisi verilmesini ele\u015ftirdiklerini, D.F. Derne\u011finin de izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisine sahip bir dernek oldu\u011funu ve bu Derne\u011fin y\u00f6neticileri hakk\u0131nda, toplanan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirterek davac\u0131 Dernekle ilgili k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131ndaki ifadeleri daha \u00f6nce bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda yer verilen haberler ve soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131ndaki bilgi ve belgeleri dikkate alarak kurgulad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015fvurucular k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerden dolay\u0131 tazminat \u00f6demeye mahk\u00fbm edilmeleri nedeniyle ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvuru ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
15. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan 11\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu’nun 58. maddesinin kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belirlemenin ard\u0131ndan demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygunluk y\u00f6n\u00fcnden inceleme yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r (ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninde gereklili\u011fine ili\u015fkin detayl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 53-55; Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131n [GK], B. No: 2013\/9343, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 70-72).<\/p>\n
16. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsamda ba\u015fvuru konusu ifadelerin ba\u011flam\u0131, konunun kamu yarar\u0131na bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sunup sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yarg\u0131 mercilerinin bu konuda ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e sunup sunmad\u0131klar\u0131 hususlar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r (ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n dengelenmesinde dikkate al\u0131nacak kriterlere ili\u015fkin daha detayl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in bkz. Bilal U\u00e7ar [1. B.], B. No: 2019\/10122, 21\/9\/2022, \u00a7 14).<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa Mahkemesi maddi olgular ile de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dikkatli bir ayr\u0131ma gidilmesi, maddi olgular ispatlanabilse de de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ispatlaman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 64). Bunun yan\u0131nda yeterli bir olgusal temeli olmas\u0131 beklenmekle birlikte ba\u015fvuru konusu ifadelerin b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendirmesinin de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fini de belirtmi\u015ftir (Y\u0131ld\u0131z Oto A\u011fca (3) [2. B.], B. No: 2014\/1032, 29\/6\/2016, \u00a7 22).<\/p>\n
18. \u0130htilafl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin davac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funa, davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine karar veren B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi, ihtilaf konusu yaz\u0131daki ifadelerin iki \u00f6zelli\u011fine vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesine g\u00f6re k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadeler ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun de\u011fildir ve g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitiren bir konuyla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n
19. Buna g\u00f6re ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken ilk husus ba\u015fvuruya konu ifadelerin maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 veya de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak nitelendirilmesidir. Maddi olgu olarak de\u011ferlendirilen ifadelerin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 beklenirken de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131lan ifadeler i\u00e7inse belli bir olgusal temelin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aranmal\u0131d\u0131r (Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7 57; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 64).<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvuruya konu k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine iletilmek \u00fczere ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralar\u0131 amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131da davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin y\u00f6neticilerinin sahte faturalarla kurban ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kendi hesaplar\u0131na ge\u00e7irdikleri, kendilerine villa ve gemi ald\u0131klar\u0131, zekat paralar\u0131n\u0131 sevgilileri i\u00e7in harcad\u0131klar\u0131 ve bir yandan dindar bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00e7izerken di\u011fer yandan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kumar oynad\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca a\u00e7 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterip asr\u0131n iyilik hareketi slogan\u0131yla m\u00fctedeyyin insanlardan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen davac\u0131 Dernekten Keriz Feneri olarak s\u00f6z edilmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 3).<\/p>\n
21. Yazar\u0131n yaz\u0131da Dernek y\u00f6neticilerinin birtak\u0131m eylemlerinden bahsederken “kurban-sahte fatura”, “ihtiya\u00e7-villa”, “zekat-para yedirme” ve “dindar-kumar” gibi kelimeleri z\u0131t anlaml\u0131 olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte yazar, ifadelerinde ne bir Dernek y\u00f6neticisinin ismini vermi\u015f ne de somut bir olay anlat\u0131m\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
22. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir yard\u0131m kurulu\u015funca toplanan paralar\u0131n amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n ciddiyeti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu paralar\u0131n ne \u015fekilde harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair soyut a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n \u00f6nemini yitirece\u011fi kabul edilmelidir. \u00d6yleyse k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda isnat edilen maddi olgu davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin y\u00f6neticilerinin ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere toplanan yard\u0131m paralar\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte davac\u0131 Dernekten bahsedilirken kullan\u0131lan “Keriz Feneri” ibaresinin de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. Daval\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olgusal isnatlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir gazeteci olarak \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u00f6dev ve sorumluluklar\u0131 yerine getirip getirmedi\u011fi ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda bas\u0131n\u0131n gazetecilik etik ve ilkelerine uygun olarak iyi niyetle topluma do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenilir bilgi sa\u011flama \u00f6dev ve sorumlulu\u011funu yerine getirip getirmedi\u011fi, gazetenin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olgusal iddialar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu konusunda yeterli ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetlenecektir (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. \u00c7etin Do\u011fan (2) [GK], B. No: 2014\/3494, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 63; Mehmet Do\u011fan U\u011furlu ve di\u011ferleri [2. B.], B. No: 2015\/954, 12\/9\/2018, \u00a7 54).<\/p>\n
24. Ba\u015fvurucular, Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine sunduklar\u0131 cevapta k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131mlanan haberlerdeki bilgi ve iddialara dayanarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f; yaz\u0131y\u0131 haz\u0131rlarken esas ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ettikleri haberlerin g\u00f6rsellerini sunmu\u015ftur (bkz. \u00a7 5). Ger\u00e7ekten D.F. Derne\u011fi ve y\u00f6neticileri hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalar nedeniyle daha \u00f6nce H\u00fcrriyet ve Milliyet gazetelerinde haberler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda Radikal haber sitesinde yay\u0131mlanan 11\/1\/2010 tarihli ba\u015fka bir haberde de an\u0131lan Derne\u011fin y\u00f6neticilerinden olan Z.A.n\u0131n Las Vegas’ta yeti\u015fkinlere e\u011flence fuar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 masada kumar oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 6, 7).<\/p>\n
25. K\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadenin davac\u0131 D.F. Derne\u011finin y\u00f6neticilerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, \u00f6zel belgede sahtecilik ve kamu g\u00f6revlisinin sahtecili\u011fi su\u00e7una i\u015ftirak etme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalar nedeniyle daha \u00f6nce Radikal, H\u00fcrriyet ve Milliyet gazetelerinde yap\u0131lan haberlere dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca kullan\u0131lan ifadelerle, dayan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen kaynaklarda yer alan olgular\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvuru konusu k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan bilgilerin daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131mlanan haberlerle halka a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu noktada ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen olgusal isnatlar\u0131n kamunun bilgisine ilk defa an\u0131lan k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131yla sunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunun yan\u0131nda yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ki\u015filerin vicdanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve duygular\u0131n\u0131 manip\u00fcle ederek onlardan menfaat temin edildi\u011fini ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan “Keriz Feneri” ibaresinin de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
27. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin itibar\u0131na haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131da bulundu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131rken ge\u00e7mi\u015fte davac\u0131 Dernek etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nen tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ve a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar\u0131n g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitirdi\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir. O h\u00e2lde eldeki ba\u015fvuruda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken bir di\u011fer husus, k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131 Dernekle ilgili olarak kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin konusunun g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, yard\u0131mla\u015fma amac\u0131yla kurulan derneklere izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisi verilmesinin ele\u015ftirildi\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015f; davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin de izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisi oldu\u011funu, baz\u0131 Dernek y\u00f6neticilerinin bu yetkisini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (bkz. \u00a7 11).<\/p>\n
28. Somut olayda H\u00fck\u00fbmet taraf\u0131ndan izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisi verilen bir derne\u011fin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu ve yard\u0131m paralar\u0131n\u0131n bu ili\u015fki kapsam\u0131nda amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberleri dikkate al\u0131narak haz\u0131rlanan bir k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131da H\u00fck\u00fbmetin yard\u0131mla\u015fma derneklerine izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisi vermesi kusurlu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ele\u015ftirilmi\u015f, bu kapsamda daha \u00f6nce yard\u0131m paralar\u0131n\u0131 amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle y\u00f6neticileri yarg\u0131lanan davac\u0131 Dernekle ilgili ifadelere yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca yaz\u0131da ge\u00e7en iki Derne\u011fin de izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisine sahip oldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
29. Farkl\u0131 zamanlarda meydana gelen olaylar aras\u0131nda -somut olaydaki izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama yetkisi verilmesi gibi- ki\u015fi ya da kurumlar\u0131n benzer kusurlar\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulabildi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde \u00f6nceki olaya ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmenin mevcut tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131, olaylar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesinin o konuya ili\u015fkin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlams\u0131z k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130htilafl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce D.F. Derne\u011fi etraf\u0131nda meydana gelen olaylarla FET\u00d6\/PDY’yle ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu kabul edilen K.Y.M. Derne\u011fi hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulmu\u015f ve benzer hatalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek H\u00fck\u00fbmete kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6neltilen ele\u015ftiri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131 Dernekle ilgili olarak kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin konusunun g\u00fcncel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n Dernek etraf\u0131nda meydana gelen ve toplum hayat\u0131 \u00fczerinde izler b\u0131rakan, kamunun haf\u0131zas\u0131nda yeri olan olaylar\u0131n g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitirdi\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir. Soyut ve \u015fablon gerek\u00e7elerle, bir olay\u0131n hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n veya ele\u015ftirilmesinin engellenmesi o olayla ilgili kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kesintiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 veya t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n
30. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvuruya konu k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitiren bir olayla ilgili oldu\u011funu ve ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak yazar ve gazetenin tazminat \u00f6demesine karar vermi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 9). Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k davaya konu ifadelerin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, konusunu, olgusal temele dayal\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ifadenin yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 veya kamusal bir tart\u0131\u015fma ekseninde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fini yeterince g\u00f6zetmemi\u015f; ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kuramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7elerin ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in yeterli oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n tazminat \u00f6demeye mahk\u00fbm edilmesinin zorunlu toplumsal bir ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI bu sonuca kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
32. Ba\u015fvurucular, ihlalin tespiti ve t\u00fcr ile miktar belirtmeksizin tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
33. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen anayasal hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar ve zorunluluk bulunmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 148. ve 153. maddeleri ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 50. ve 66. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca ihlal karar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flat\u0131p Anayasa Mahkemesinin ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere ve gerek\u00e7elere uygun bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek yarg\u0131lama sonunda hak ihlalinin nedenlerini gidererek yeni bir karar vermektir (yeniden yarg\u0131lama konusunda bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
34. \u00d6te yandan hak ihlali karar\u0131ndan Anayasa Mahkemesinin davan\u0131n sonucuyla ilgili olarak bir tutum sergiledi\u011fi sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesince verilen hak ihlali karar\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olup davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, reddine ya da beraate veya mahk\u00fbmiyete karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Kural olarak, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek \u00fczere yeniden yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lama sonunda da delillerin dava ile ili\u015fkisini kurma ve bunlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirip sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi ilgili mahkemelere aittir.<\/p>\n
35. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvuruculara manevi zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda net 30.000 TL manevi tazminat\u0131n \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM <\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 4. Hukuk Dairesine (E.2018\/2357, K.2020\/1352) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvuruculara net 30.000 TL manevi tazminat\u0131n M\u00dc\u015eTEREKEN \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 487,60 TL har\u00e7 ve 30.000 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 30.487,60 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvuruculara M\u00dc\u015eTEREKEN \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 17\/12\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucular ulusal bir gazetede yay\u0131mlanan k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerden dolay\u0131 davac\u0131 Dernek lehine manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015f, Say\u0131n Mahkemece \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Anayasan\u0131n 26. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtti\u011fimiz gerek\u00e7elerle \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz. \u015e\u00f6yle ki;<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuruya konu k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda FET\u00d6\/PDY ile ili\u015fkili olan K.Y.M Derne\u011fi\u2019nin toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ve yard\u0131mlar\u0131 usuls\u00fcz harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgilere ve yorumlara yer verilmi\u015f, izinsiz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama konusundaki yasal uygulama ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak yaz\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 incelendi\u011finde K.Y.M Derne\u011fi ile ilgili yorumlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k iki paragraf oldu\u011fu, yazar\u0131n hemen sonras\u0131nda Keriz Feneri Derne\u011fi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda davac\u0131 Dernek hakk\u0131nda yorumlar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, K.Y.M Derne\u011finden daha \u00e7ok davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin de halktan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 usuls\u00fcz harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsetti\u011fi, g\u00fcncel olmayan ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylar\u0131 K.Y.M Derne\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilendirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131da, \u00fclkemizde faaliyet g\u00f6steren baz\u0131 derneklerin isimleri zikredilerek bunlara haks\u0131z olarak sald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fclkemizde yard\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyan ki\u015filer ve \u00f6\u011frenciler varken yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 faaliyetlerin gereksiz oldu\u011fu, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 faaliyetlerine yard\u0131mda bulunan ahalinin soyulmas\u0131n\u0131n sevap oldu\u011fu gibi iddia ve ithamlarda bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131da davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin ismi alay konusu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan baz\u0131 olumsuz \u00f6rnekler zikredilerek Derne\u011fin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu faaliyetlerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftiri ve alay konusu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re, dernek ve vak\u0131flar \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fisi olup, dernekler k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sosyal vb. belirli bir amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu Derne\u011fin FET\u00d6\/PDY ile irtibatl\u0131 olan K.Y.M Derne\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilendirilmesi, buna ilave olarak doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi Derne\u011fin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve faaliyet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a zedelemektedir. Nitekim yerel mahkemenin Ba\u015fvurucunun manevi tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131n reddine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131ran ve 15.000 TL manevi tazminata h\u00fckmeden B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi, yaz\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncel ve ger\u00e7ek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esinde, Derne\u011fin halen faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, bu anlamda toplanan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n usuls\u00fcz harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bug\u00fcnde g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korudu\u011fu, tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitirdi\u011finin kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kesintiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 48. maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cT\u00fczel ki\u015filer, cins, ya\u015f, h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131k gibi yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f gere\u011fi insana \u00f6zg\u00fc niteliklere ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn haklara ve bor\u00e7lara ehildirler\u201d. Anayasan\u0131n 17. maddesine g\u00f6re ise, \u201cHerkes, ya\u015fama, madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir\u201d. Buna g\u00f6re, Anayasan\u0131n 17. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin de manevi ki\u015filiklerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi istem hakk\u0131n\u0131 haiz oldu\u011fu konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, Ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin de \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmesi nedeniyle manevi tazminat istem hakk\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00dclkemizde binlerce derne\u011fin faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve bu derneklerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n zaman zaman usuls\u00fczl\u00fckler yapabilece\u011fi nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esi kabul edildi\u011fi takdirde ba\u015fvurucu Dernek hakk\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lan kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalar, her zaman ba\u015fka bir derne\u011fin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 usuls\u00fczl\u00fck haberi ile birlikte verilebilecektir. Oysa unutulma hakk\u0131 Anayasan\u0131n 17. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015filere tan\u0131nan bir hak olup, Anayasa Mahkemesi de bu hakk\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi Genel Kurulu N.B.B. karar\u0131nda unutulma hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak; (3.3.20016 tarih ve B. No: 2013\/5653) \u201c\u2026 Unutulma hakk\u0131, internet ortam\u0131nda bir haberin uzun s\u00fcredir kolayca ula\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ki\u015finin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmesi durumunda g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir. Bu hakk\u0131n amac\u0131, internetin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar nedeniyle ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ile ki\u015filerin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda gerekli hassas dengenin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r\u2026Somut olayda, ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yetine konu olan haberler 1998 ve 1999 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ar\u015fiv niteli\u011findedir. Gazete ar\u015fivi niteli\u011finde olan haberler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ar\u015fivin sadece dijital alanda tutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u00e7erik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan saklanabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi temelinde yap\u0131lacak bir de\u011ferlendirme ile internet ortam\u0131nda haberi ula\u015f\u0131labilir k\u0131lan ki\u015fisel verilerin silinerek eri\u015fimin engellenmesi gibi y\u00f6ntemler g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde internet ortam\u0131ndaki ar\u015fiv niteli\u011findeki haberin tamamen silinmeden sonuca ula\u015f\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu ba\u011flamda bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dijital haber ar\u015fivinin tamamen silinerek ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki olaylar\u0131n yeniden yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furacak nitelikte bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik ciddi m\u00fcdahalelerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenebilir\u201d gerek\u00e7elerine yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda yaz\u0131n\u0131n tarihi 2.10.2016 olup, bu tarih 15 Temmuz Darbe Giri\u015fimi sonras\u0131ndad\u0131r. K.Y.M Derne\u011fi ile ilgili ortaya konulan gerek\u00e7eler bu anlamda g\u00fcncel ve kamuoyunun menfaatine olan tart\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r. Oysa Dernek hakk\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar 2008-2009 y\u0131llar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile irtibat ya da iltisak s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Yani, davac\u0131 Derne\u011fin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yakla\u015f\u0131k 7-8 y\u0131l \u00f6nce tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olan olaylar, K.Y.M Derne\u011fi ile bir araya getirilerek yeniden ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. \u00c7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esi nazara al\u0131n\u0131rsa herhangi bir derne\u011fin usuls\u00fczl\u00fck yapmas\u0131 halinde ge\u00e7mi\u015f tarihlerde ne zaman yap\u0131l\u0131rsa yap\u0131ls\u0131n veya konusu ne olursa olsun ba\u015fka bir dernek hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar tekrardan kamuoyunun dikkatine sunulabilecektir. Bu durumda ki\u015filerin unutulma hakk\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, Anayasan\u0131n 17. maddesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru, Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ifade h\u00fcrriyeti kapsam\u0131nda incelendi\u011finde, s\u00f6z konusu maddede \u201cba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zel ve aile hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n yahut kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc meslek s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131\u201d gerek\u00e7eleri ile hakk\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 24. maddesinde \u201chukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ki\u015filik hakk\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131lan kimse, h\u00e2kimden, sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunanlara kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir\u201d ve ayn\u0131 Kanunun 25.maddesinde ise, \u201cDavac\u0131n\u0131n, madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee tazminat istemleri ile hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla elde edilmi\u015f olan kazanc\u0131n vek\u00e2letsiz i\u015f g\u00f6rme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re kendisine verilmesine ili\u015fkin istemde bulunma hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d d\u00fczenlemelerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Yine T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 58. maddesine g\u00f6re ise, \u201c Ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmesinden zarar g\u00f6ren, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 manevi zarara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k manevi tazminat ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir miktar para \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir\u201d. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu ve T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yukar\u0131da yer verilen d\u00fczenlemeleri Anayasan\u0131n 26. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin “Herkes ya\u015fama, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.” bi\u00e7imindeki ilk f\u0131kras\u0131, devlete bireyin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan \u015feref ve itibara keyf\u00ee olarak m\u00fcdahale etmeme ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Derne\u011fin ismi de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek keriz olarak zikredilmi\u015f, yine kurban ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sahte faturalarla indiragandi yapt\u0131klar\u0131, zekat paralar\u0131n\u0131 sevgililerine yedirdikleri, dini b\u00fct\u00fcn pozlar verirken Las Vegas\u2019ta kumara gittikleri belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6z-bi\u00e7im dengesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, Ba\u015fvurucunun yaz\u0131s\u0131nda vermek istedi\u011fi mesajlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Derne\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6neltilecek yorum ve ele\u015ftirilerde s\u00f6z konusu ifadelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu veya gerekli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesi (Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, B. No: 2014\/1577, 25\/10\/2017) karar\u0131nda \u201c..\u00a769\u2026Bu itibarla mevcut davada dile getirilen kaba, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, abart\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015fisel sald\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zlerin -olay\u0131n taraflar\u0131 ve konu\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesi politik alanda kalsa bile- kabul edilebilir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle siyasi bir tart\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7indeki bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi zordur ve bu s\u00f6zler ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemez. Ba\u015fvurucunun tazminat ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cdemokratik bir toplumda gerekli\u201d oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir\u201d gerek\u00e7elerine yer vererek, siyasi bir tart\u0131\u015fma olsa bile somut olay a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kabul edilebilir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fan s\u00f6zlerin ki\u015fisel sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, delillerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvurunun ikincilli\u011fi ilkesi yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan derece mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revidir. Anayasa Mahkemesinin g\u00f6revi ise, derece mahkemelerinin yorumlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a keyfi veya bariz takdir hatas\u0131 i\u00e7erecek nitelikte olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemektir. Tazminata h\u00fckmeden mahkeme s\u00f6z konusu kanun maddelerini somut olay a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f, karar\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7elendirmi\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcm kurmu\u015ftur. Tazminata h\u00fckmeden Mahkemenin gerek\u00e7esi incelendi\u011finde yukar\u0131da yer verilen hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda bariz takdir hatas\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k bir keyfilik mevcut de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Somut olayda, \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan, ba\u015fvurucunun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 veya ba\u015fka bir adl\u00ee ceza ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da nazara al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00e7ok say\u0131daki benzer ba\u015fvurularda adli yarg\u0131 mahkemelerinin kararlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n niteli\u011fine ve kapsam\u0131na da bakmakta, bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu olan yarg\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir ceza veya tazminat \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesi aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir fark bulundu\u011funu belirterek de\u011ferlendirilmenin bu ba\u011flamda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin Mustafa Tepeli ba\u015fvurusunda \u00f6nceki i\u00e7tihatlara at\u0131f yap\u0131larak bu husus a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201c..22. Ki\u015finin itibar\u0131na yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n belli bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00fczeyine eri\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda m\u00fcndemi\u00e7 negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe, bireyin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkin bir sayg\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler eklenir. Pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, ki\u015filerin birbirleri ile olan ili\u015fkilerini de kapsayacak \u015fekilde ki\u015fisel itibara sayg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla birtak\u0131m tedbirler al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 47; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7 40). 23\u2026.Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle Anayasa Mahkemesi, devletin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 etkili mekanizma kurma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn mutlaka ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, bireyin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce \u015feref ve itibar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla tazminat davas\u0131 yoluyla da giderim sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funa karar vermi\u015ftir (Adnan Oktar (3), \u00a7 35)\u2026\u201d. (Mustafa Tepeli [GK], B. No: 2014\/5831, 1\/3\/2017). Manev\u00ee tazminat, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde ihlal edilmesi nedeniyle duyulan \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ve kederin hafifletilmesine y\u00f6nelik bir \u201cgiderim\u201d olup, ceza hukuku yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00c7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde manevi tazminat\u0131n bu i\u015flevi nazara al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenlerle, Ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi \u015feklindeki \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 17\/12\/2024 tarihli ve 2021\/7380 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR BURAK AKBAY VE D\u0130\u011eERLER\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/7380) Karar Tarihi: 17\/12\/2024 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Metin KIRATLI Raport\u00f6r : H\u00fcseyin Ozan ADIYAMAN Ba\u015fvurucular : 1. Burak AKBAY 2. Sabri Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6ZD\u0130L 3. Estetik Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e. Vekili : Av. \u0130smail YILMAZ I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, ulusal bir gazetede yay\u0131mlanan k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerden dolay\u0131 tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Ba\u015fvurucu Burak Akbay, S\u00f6zc\u00fc gazetesi ve yay\u0131n sahibi Estetik Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e.nin kurucu orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucu Sabri Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6zdil ise bu gazetede yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanan bir k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131 ve gazetecidir. 3. S\u00f6zc\u00fc gazetesinin 2\/10\/2016 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucu Sabri Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6zdil’in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f’\u0131kl\u0131k Sistemi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu, k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fu ifadeleri kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “Fakir fukaraya yard\u0131m ediyoruz ayaklar\u0131yla m\u00fctedeyyin insanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplayan [K.Y.M.] Derne\u011fi, fet\u00f6c\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Afrika\u2019da a\u00e7lar\u0131 doyuruyoruz d\u00fcmeniyle kurban paras\u0131 toplad\u0131klar\u0131, Somali\u2019de dana kestik, Uganda\u2019da koyun kestik deyip, kurban paralar\u0131n\u0131 Pensilvanya\u2019ya havale ettikleri anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcstelik… \u0130\u015fte bak\u0131n sizin kurban\u0131 b\u00f6yle kestik, \u015f\u00f6yle da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131k diye CD\u2019ler g\u00f6nderiyorlard\u0131, kurban ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunanlar bu CD\u2019leri seyredip, hay\u0131rlara vesile olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in dua ediyorlard\u0131, me\u011fer, be\u015f senedir herkese ayn\u0131 CD\u2019yi g\u00f6nderiyorlarm\u0131\u015f iyi mi… …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n