Su\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fctleri Hakk\u0131nda Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama;<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7unda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu m.221\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen bu maddenin \u201cSilahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 TCK m.314\/5\u2019in atf\u0131 ile Devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, Anayasa ile kurulu d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin kurulan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler hakk\u0131nda da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131, nitekim 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 3. maddesi taraf\u0131ndan TCK m.314\u2019de tan\u0131mlanan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7unun ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca TCK m.314\u2019de yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri hakk\u0131nda da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin silahl\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 olmayan olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 (TCK m.220\/3), TCK m.314\u2019de Devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, Anayasa ile kurulu d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin kurulan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun m.3 ve m.7\/1 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden bahsedildi\u011fi, bu konuda TCK m.314\u2019e at\u0131f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda ayr\u0131ca d\u00fczenlenmesi nedeniyle silahl\u0131 olmayabilece\u011fi, bunda da silahl\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 olmayan olarak ikili ayr\u0131ma gidilmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi, ancak ter\u00f6r\u00fcn tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapan 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 1. maddesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanma \u00f6n \u015fart say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, h\u00fckm\u00fcn devam\u0131nda \u201cbask\u0131, korkutma, y\u0131ld\u0131rma, sindirme veya tehdit y\u00f6ntemlerinden biriyle,\u201d ibaresine yer verildi\u011finden, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn niteli\u011fi itibariyle silahl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi, kuruldu\u011fu ve ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 elveri\u015fli bir yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6zetine yer verdi\u011fimiz unsurlara sahip olan illegal yap\u0131lar\u0131n su\u00e7 veya ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak bunun i\u00e7in teorik bilgilerle birlikte somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Hususlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015flenen di\u011fer su\u00e7larda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 da belirleyen su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6netme ve \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n TCK m.220\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir su\u00e7 tipi olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasal \u015fartlar\u0131 varsa ortada su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015f veya te\u015febb\u00fcs edilmi\u015f bir faaliyet su\u00e7u olmasa dahi su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma su\u00e7u ile ilgili ceza sorumlulu\u011funun g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fi, Ceza Hukukunun bu derece fikri alana m\u00fcdahale etmemesi, ifade h\u00fcrriyeti ile \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, toplanma ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenleme haklar\u0131na esasl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama getiren ceza normlar\u0131na yer vermemesi gerekti\u011fi, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma su\u00e7unun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir su\u00e7 tipi olmaktan ziyade, belli baz\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sebebi olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylense de, bilhassa soyut ve somut tehlike su\u00e7lar\u0131 yoluyla su\u00e7un fikrini alan\u0131na ve haz\u0131rl\u0131k hareketlerine de kar\u0131\u015fmak isteyen, bu sayede zarar su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lulu\u011fu \u00f6nleyece\u011fine inanan kanun koyucunun, sadece bu ama\u00e7la su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma su\u00e7unu tan\u0131mlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani bu konuda ayr\u0131 su\u00e7 ve ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi, bunun yan\u0131nda Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunun temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan tedbirlerinden de \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk alan\u0131nda yararlanmak istedi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hatta; su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc gibi alt \u00fcstl\u00fck ili\u015fkisinin, hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131n\u0131n, emir komuta zincirinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir veya belli bir t\u00fcr su\u00e7 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, s\u00fcreklilik, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve yo\u011funluk i\u00e7eren \u00f6rg\u00fctsel eylemler i\u00e7in kuruldu\u011fu tespit edilemeyen su\u00e7a i\u015ftirakin ve birlikteliklerin, en az \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fundan veya birlikte hareket ettiklerinden bahisle, bizde \u201csu\u00e7a i\u015ftirak\u201d ve \u201csu\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u201d yan\u0131nda, \u201c\u00e7ete\u201d kavram\u0131 da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildikleri s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ceza Hukukunda \u201csu\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik\u201d ilkesinden taviz verilmemelidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201ckanunsuz su\u00e7 ve ceza olmaz\u201d olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek bu ilke temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin vazge\u00e7ilemez bir g\u00fcvencesidir. Kanun; \u00f6nceden su\u00e7u ve cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Anayasa m.13\u2019e uygun \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlamal\u0131, bu tan\u0131ma uygun olmayan fiilden dolay\u0131 da kimse su\u00e7lanmamal\u0131, tutuklanmamal\u0131 ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcp da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, maddi hakikate ve adalete ula\u015f\u0131labilmesi maksad\u0131yla m.221\u2019de kabul edilen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k, ayn\u0131 zamanda faile bu cezadan kurtulma veya az ceza ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma imkan\u0131 tan\u0131makta, bir t\u00fcr \u00f6d\u00fcl niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ancak etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsamamaktad\u0131r. Faaliyet su\u00e7lar\u0131nda somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri gere\u011fince, yasal \u015fartlar\u0131 varsa pi\u015fmanl\u0131k g\u00f6steren fail hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fin TCK m.38\/3 veya m.192 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanabilir. Yeterli usuli g\u00fcvenceler sa\u011flanmak ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcst yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 korunmak kayd\u0131yla, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k m\u00fcessesesi geli\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7unda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k bahsine d\u00f6necek olursak;<\/p>\n
\u201cEtkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 TCK m.221 hangi hallerde, nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?<\/p>\n
1- Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u nedeniyle soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tan veya verdi\u011fi bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kurucu veya y\u00f6neticiler hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
2- \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin; \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeksizin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili makamlara bildirmesi halinde hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. Burada ge\u00e7en \u201cilgili makam\u201d kavram\u0131 ; \u201c\u0130hbar ve \u015fikayet\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 CMK m.158\u2019in ilk d\u00f6rt f\u0131kras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en adli merciler ve idari makamlar ile Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fim Merkezi\u2019ni C\u0130MER\u2019i), T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131, hakimlikleri ve mahkemeleri kapsar. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ilgili elveri\u015fli bilgilerin burada ge\u00e7en merci ve makama yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7mesi kayd\u0131yla s\u00f6zl\u00fc iletilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3- \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeden yakalanan \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyarak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli bilgi vermesi halinde hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
4- Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ya da \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m eden failin; g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz, ancak bu bilgileri yakaland\u0131ktan sonra vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 verilecek cezada \u00fc\u00e7te birden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7e kadar indirim yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta; verilen bilgilerin ne derece yeterli ve elveri\u015fli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tayin ve takdirinin esas itibariyle davay\u0131 g\u00f6ren mahkemeye ait oldu\u011fu, ancak uygulamada TCK m.221\u2019in soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da kolluk ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunan \u015f\u00fcpheli taraf\u0131ndan TCK m.221\u2019e uygun yeterli ve elveri\u015fli bilginin verilip verilmedi\u011fini tayin ve takdir etti\u011fi, hatta bu konuda tutuklama tedbirinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, yerine adli kontrol tedbirinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 veya adli kontrol tedbirinin nev\u2019inin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini sulh ceza hakimli\u011finden talep edilebildi\u011fi, sulh ceza hakiminin de talebin hukuka uygunlu\u011funa bakmak suretiyle karar verdi\u011fi, ancak bu t\u00fcr konularda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n talebinin ve gerek\u00e7esinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, esas itibariyle uygulamada TCK m.221\u2019in de facto olarak Ceza Hukuku d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, oysa kanun koyucunun etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k veya ceza indirimi hali olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fi, indirim oran\u0131n\u0131, verilen bilginin elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131na ve faydas\u0131na g\u00f6re davay\u0131 g\u00f6ren mahkemenin tayin edece\u011fi, bu konuda kanun koyucunun m.221\u2019de baz\u0131 k\u0131staslara yer verdi\u011fi, ancak bunlar\u0131n s\u00fcbjektif de\u011ferlendirmelere tabi tutulabilece\u011fi, bu k\u0131staslar\u0131n uygulamada somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta; san\u0131kta i\u015fledi\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 tam ve samimi bir pi\u015fmanl\u0131k iradesi g\u00f6stermesinin arand\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, faaliyetlerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalat\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k halinin veya indirilmi\u015f cezaya h\u00fckmedilmesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yakalanmadan veya yakaland\u0131ktan sonra g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Uygulamada; yasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmasa da m\u00fctemadi, yani neticesi devam eden bir su\u00e7 tipi say\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheliler hakk\u0131nda e\u015fzamanl\u0131 yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 tedbirlerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasal \u015fartlar\u0131n olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n nadiren adli kontrol, \u00e7o\u011funlukla ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fc ile k\u0131s\u0131tlayan tutuklama tedbirine ba\u015fvuruldu\u011fu, savunma makam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu m.153\/2 gere\u011fince soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama, yani dosyaya eri\u015fim yasa\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine sulh ceza hakimli\u011fi karar\u0131 ile al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Tutuklama tedbirinin \u015fekil ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa m.19, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m.5 ile CMK m.100\u2019de ve 101\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n adalet ka\u00e7ma ihtimalini ortaya koyan somut delil ve olgular\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu riskin adli kontrol tedbiri ile giderilemedi\u011fi durumda tutuklanabilece\u011fi, yine delil gizleme veya karartma veya delili tahrif etme ihtimalinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde, bunun \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla \u201cson \u00e7are\u201d niteli\u011finde tutuklama tedbirimin uygulanabilece\u011fi, ancak tutuklama tedbirinin amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, Anayasa m.38\/5 ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u201cnemo tenetur\u201d, yani \u201chi\u00e7 kimsenin kendisi ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda beyanda bulunmaya ve delil g\u00f6stermeye zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131\u201d ilkesinin g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcphelinin ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ifade alma ve sorgu usul\u00fcn\u00fcn CMK m.147\u2019de g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi, CMK m.148\u2019de de yasak ifade alma ve sorgu metotlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, bu maddelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 yol ve y\u00f6ntemle elde edilen ifade, ikrar ve deliller ile \u201czehirli a\u011fac\u0131n meyvesi de zehirlidir\u201d prensibi gere\u011fince, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir delil vas\u0131tas\u0131yla elde edilen delilin de hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131p, Anayasa m.38\/6, CMK m.206\/2-a, m.217\/2, m.230\/1-b ve m.289\/1-i gere\u011fince san\u0131k aleyhine mahkumiyete esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcphelinin susma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya tam olarak bildiklerini anlatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle tutuklanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, savc\u0131l\u0131k makam\u0131 pazarl\u0131k yapmak suretiyle t\u00fcm bildiklerini anlatma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutuklulu\u011funun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasal bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine CMK m.148\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirebilece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 yol ve y\u00f6ntemle elde edilen delilin ancak san\u0131k lehine kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n aleyhine oldu\u011fu durumda ise itham sisteminde kamu otoritesinin \u201chukuk devleti\u201d ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kural ve kaidelere \u00f6ncelikle uyma mecburiyeti gere\u011fince, maddi hakikate ve adalete ula\u015fma amac\u0131n\u0131n hukukun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi, Anayasa ve yasalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hareket etmesi kayd\u0131yla kamu kudretlini kullanma yetkisini elinde bulunduran kamu otoritesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Bir Ceza Hukuku m\u00fcessesesi olan etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k halinde hedefin maddi hakikate ve adalete ula\u015fmak oldu\u011fu, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu imkan\u0131 kullanan san\u0131\u011fa sadece TCK m.220 ve m.221 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131ktan veya ceza indiriminden yararlanma yolunun a\u00e7\u0131labildi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k veya cezada indirimin g\u00fcndeme gelmeyece\u011fi, fakat faaliyet su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda mahkemece san\u0131k lehine takdir ve de\u011ferlendirmenin kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi, baz\u0131 \u00f6zel su\u00e7 tipleri ile failin azmettiricisini s\u00f6ylemesi hali d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ceza Hukukunda su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 ceza muafiyetinin veya indiriminin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Uygulamada; su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda yarg\u0131lanan \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya san\u0131\u011fa etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin soruldu\u011fu, fakat bu konuda \u015f\u00fcpheliye ve san\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131ca bir bask\u0131 yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, koruma tedbirlerinin bu maksatla kullan\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunmak isteyen \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmek suretiyle mensubu oldu\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fctle ilgili t\u00fcm bildiklerini anlatmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda; etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemede yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lamada bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k veya indirimli cezan\u0131n san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda tutuklama tedbirlerinin tatbikinin veya sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n veya bu tedbiri yerine adli kontrol tedbiri uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011flanamayaca\u011f\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheliye etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutuksuz yarg\u0131lanma imkan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na dair bir y\u00f6ntemin Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tutuklama tedbirini d\u00fczenleyen CMK m.100\u2019de ve 101\u2019de de bu y\u00f6nde bir h\u00fckme yer verilmedi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131k ifadelerinin ve ikrarlar\u0131 ile tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n usule uygun al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, usule uygun al\u0131nmayan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc beyan\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, CMK m.148\/4 nedeniyle avukats\u0131z al\u0131nan \u015f\u00fcpheli beyan\u0131n sonradan kabul edilmemesi halinde ge\u00e7erli olmayaca\u011f\u0131, CMK m.148\/5 uyar\u0131nca kollu\u011fun ayn\u0131 konuda \u015f\u00fcpheliyi tekrar dinleyemeyece\u011fi, soru\u015fturmada konunun ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu durumlarda soru\u015fturmalar farkl\u0131 olsa bile bu yetkinin sadece Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu, yaln\u0131zca sa\u011fl\u0131k personeline kar\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar hari\u00e7 kollu\u011fun tan\u0131k dinleyemeyece\u011fi, dinlerse bile bunun \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k aleyhine delil olarak kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k halinin mahkemece yap\u0131lacak kovu\u015fturma evresinde \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da \u015f\u00fcphelinin ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya sorgusunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheliye etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunma imkan\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu hususunun bildirildi\u011fi, bu yolla kollu\u011fun ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n delil elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, sorgu bir hak oldu\u011fundan tutuklamaya sevk edilmi\u015f \u015f\u00fcphelinin sorguda TCK m.221\u2019den yararlanmak suretiyle tutuklanmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi, ancak tutuklaman\u0131n uygulanmamas\u0131n\u0131n veya tutuklaman\u0131n sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u015f\u00fcpheliden ikrar ve etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k elde etme amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphelinin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine m\u00fcdahale ederek elde edilen beyanlar\u0131n CMK m.147\u2019ye ve \u00f6zellikle m.148\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131, bu yolla elde edilen beyan ve di\u011fer delillerin \u201chukuk ayk\u0131r\u0131 delil\u201d say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Esasen \u201cEtkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile TCK m.221\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u ile ilgili olarak, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ve su\u00e7a konu faaliyetleri ile sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu m\u00fcessesenin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyetlerini de en az\u0131ndan ceza indirimi yoluyla kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmesinin ve geli\u015ftirilmesinin gerekti\u011fi, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca m.220\u2019de tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7larla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l faillere ve azmettiriciler ile maddi hakikate ula\u015f\u0131labilmesinde yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in yasal d\u00fczenlemeye ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu, bu nedenle etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n soru\u015fturma uygulanabilecek \u015fekilde \u201cceza pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d veya \u201csoru\u015fturmaya yard\u0131m\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi, aksi halde \u201c\u0130fade almada ve sorguda yasak usuller\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 CMK m.148\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca \u201cetkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d veya hen\u00fcz bizde olmasa da \u201csoru\u015fturmada pazarl\u0131k\u201d usullerinde \u00e7ok dikkatli olunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, beyan\u0131 al\u0131nan \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya bu beyandan hukuki durumlar\u0131 etkilenen \u015f\u00fcphelilerin tutukluluklar\u0131 ile usuli g\u00fcvencelere riayet edilmesi gerekti\u011fi, \u015f\u00fcphelinin tutuklu\u011funu sonland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7ta bunu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmayabilece\u011fini bilmesi gerekti\u011fi, verdi\u011fi ifadenin tutuksuz yarg\u0131lanmak i\u00e7in yeterli olmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair uyar\u0131lar\u0131n, hem Anayasa m.38\/5-6 ve hem de CMK m.100 ve m.101 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sorunlara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi, bu konuda yasal bir d\u00fczenleme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201cSoru\u015fturma evresinde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin tutana\u011fa ba\u011flanmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 CMK m.169\/2 nedeniyle hukuki sorunlar \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131 usul\u00fcn uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fin ve i\u015flemenin tutana\u011fa ba\u011flanarak kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131na koyulmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, b\u00f6ylelikle gizli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen, \u015f\u00fcpheli ile m\u00fcdafiinin g\u0131yab\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015flerin ve i\u015flemlerin ileride hukukilik denetimlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi, tutana\u011fa ba\u011flanmayan veya eksik kaydedilen i\u015f ve i\u015flemler ile bu yolla elde edilen delillerin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131labilece\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da d\u00fcr\u00fcst yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ile ilgili esasa m\u00fcessir ihlal g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k yoluyla elde edilen beyanlar\u0131n Ceza Hukuku ile ilgili olup, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bu d\u00fczenlemenin alt\u0131 f\u0131kra halinde TCK m.221\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, burada etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n say\u0131 ve kapsam olarak dar tutuldu\u011fu, failin dosya ve konu itibariyle en fazla bir kez etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanabilece\u011finin belirtildi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131k ve ceza indirimine tabi tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunan \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubunun faaliyet su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgili ceza sorumlulu\u011funun devam etti\u011fi, ancak soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunarak soru\u015fturman\u0131n ilerlemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan \u015f\u00fcphelinin, soru\u015fturmaya katk\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak g\u00f6zetilebildi\u011fi, can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunabildi\u011fi, hatta \u201cgizli tan\u0131k\u201d yap\u0131labildi\u011fi, baz\u0131 faaliyet su\u00e7lar\u0131 olsa da tutuklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya adli kontrol tedbiri uygulanarak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir ki, esasen t\u00fcm bu y\u00f6nleri kapsayacak \u015fekilde ve di\u011fer \u015f\u00fcphelilere usuli g\u00fcvenceler tan\u0131yan, \u00f6rne\u011fin sonradan etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunan tutuklu \u015f\u00fcphelinin ifadesi ile tutuklulu\u011fu devam eden di\u011fer \u015f\u00fcpheliye aleyhine olan bu ifadeye eri\u015fimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bir diyece\u011finin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorulmas\u0131, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda Anayasa m.38\/5-6, CMK m.48, m.49, m.147, m.148, m.206\/2-a ve m.217\/2 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini g\u00f6zeterek, delillerin s\u0131hhatini ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak \u00f6nlemlere yer veren yasal d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n isabetli olaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Yeri gelmi\u015fken; tutuklanmama veya tutuklulu\u011funu sonland\u0131rma veya ceza almama veya az ceza alma veya s\u0131rf maddi hakikatin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunmak isteyen, bu ama\u00e7la adli makamlara ba\u015fvuran \u015f\u00fcpheliye muhakkak TCK m.221\u2019in uygulanma \u015fekli, kapsam\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile ilgili bilgi verilmesi, bu bilginin mutlaka CMK m.169\u2019a uygun \u015fekilde imzal\u0131 tutanakla kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p, bu tutana\u011f\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131n veya incelemeye elveri\u015fli bir suretinin dosyaya al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
\u0130zahtan varestedir.<\/p>\n
Mevcut durumda; \u015f\u00fcphelinin ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n ve sorgusunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 usul\u00fcn\u00fcn CMK m.147 ile m.148\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, CMK m.148\/1\u2019in birinci c\u00fcmlesinde \u201c\u015e\u00fcphelinin ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyan\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu, 1. f\u0131kran\u0131n devam\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade ile beyan alman\u0131n yasak usullerinin, yani \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeye dayanan beyan al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici nitelikte \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya san\u0131\u011fa k\u00f6t\u00fc davranma, i\u015fkence, ila\u00e7 verme, onu yorma, aldatma, ona cebir veya tehditte bulunma, onun \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 ara\u00e7lar kullanma gibi tahdidi olarak de\u011fil, yasak bedensel veya ruhsal m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6ntemlerinin \u00f6rnekler verilerek say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 148. maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir yarar vaat edilemez.\u201d, 3. f\u0131krada da \u201cYasak usullerle elde edilen ifadeler r\u0131za ile verilmi\u015f olsa da delil olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez\u201d. Kanunun bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine muhakkak riayet edilmelidir, aksi halde, yani CMK m.147, m.148, m.169 ve tan\u0131kla ilgili CMK m.43 ila m.61\u2019in ihlali suretiyle elde edilen beyan deliller ile bu delillerden hareketle elde edilen delillerin \u201chukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 delil\u201d say\u0131lma tart\u0131\u015fma ve ihtimalleri g\u00fcndeme gelebilir.<\/p>\n
(Bu makale, say\u0131n Prof. Dr. Ersan \u015eEN taraf\u0131ndan www.hukukihaber.net sitesinde yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak g\u00f6sterilse dahi makalenin tamam\u0131 \u00f6zel izin al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak al\u0131nt\u0131lanan makalenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, aktif link verilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeden k\u0131smen ya da tamamen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u015fahsi haklara ve fikri haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder.)<\/p>\n
\u200bSu\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fctleri Hakk\u0131nda Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama;<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7unda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu m.221\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen bu maddenin \u201cSilahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 TCK m.314\/5\u2019in atf\u0131 ile Devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, Anayasa ile kurulu d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin kurulan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler hakk\u0131nda da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131, nitekim 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 3. maddesi taraf\u0131ndan TCK m.314\u2019de tan\u0131mlanan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7unun ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca TCK m.314\u2019de yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri hakk\u0131nda da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin silahl\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 olmayan olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 (TCK m.220\/3), TCK m.314\u2019de Devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, Anayasa ile kurulu d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin kurulan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun m.3 ve m.7\/1 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden bahsedildi\u011fi, bu konuda TCK m.314\u2019e at\u0131f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda ayr\u0131ca d\u00fczenlenmesi nedeniyle silahl\u0131 olmayabilece\u011fi, bunda da silahl\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 olmayan olarak ikili ayr\u0131ma gidilmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi, ancak ter\u00f6r\u00fcn tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapan 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 1. maddesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanma \u00f6n \u015fart say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, h\u00fckm\u00fcn devam\u0131nda \u201cbask\u0131, korkutma, y\u0131ld\u0131rma, sindirme veya tehdit y\u00f6ntemlerinden biriyle,\u201d ibaresine yer verildi\u011finden, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn niteli\u011fi itibariyle silahl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi, kuruldu\u011fu ve ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 elveri\u015fli bir yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6zetine yer verdi\u011fimiz unsurlara sahip olan illegal yap\u0131lar\u0131n su\u00e7 veya ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak bunun i\u00e7in teorik bilgilerle birlikte somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Hususlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015flenen di\u011fer su\u00e7larda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 da belirleyen su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6netme ve \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n TCK m.220\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir su\u00e7 tipi olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasal \u015fartlar\u0131 varsa ortada su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015f veya te\u015febb\u00fcs edilmi\u015f bir faaliyet su\u00e7u olmasa dahi su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma su\u00e7u ile ilgili ceza sorumlulu\u011funun g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fi, Ceza Hukukunun bu derece fikri alana m\u00fcdahale etmemesi, ifade h\u00fcrriyeti ile \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, toplanma ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenleme haklar\u0131na esasl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama getiren ceza normlar\u0131na yer vermemesi gerekti\u011fi, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma su\u00e7unun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir su\u00e7 tipi olmaktan ziyade, belli baz\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sebebi olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylense de, bilhassa soyut ve somut tehlike su\u00e7lar\u0131 yoluyla su\u00e7un fikrini alan\u0131na ve haz\u0131rl\u0131k hareketlerine de kar\u0131\u015fmak isteyen, bu sayede zarar su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lulu\u011fu \u00f6nleyece\u011fine inanan kanun koyucunun, sadece bu ama\u00e7la su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma su\u00e7unu tan\u0131mlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani bu konuda ayr\u0131 su\u00e7 ve ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi, bunun yan\u0131nda Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunun temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan tedbirlerinden de \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk alan\u0131nda yararlanmak istedi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hatta; su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc gibi alt \u00fcstl\u00fck ili\u015fkisinin, hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131n\u0131n, emir komuta zincirinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir veya belli bir t\u00fcr su\u00e7 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, s\u00fcreklilik, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve yo\u011funluk i\u00e7eren \u00f6rg\u00fctsel eylemler i\u00e7in kuruldu\u011fu tespit edilemeyen su\u00e7a i\u015ftirakin ve birlikteliklerin, en az \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fundan veya birlikte hareket ettiklerinden bahisle, bizde \u201csu\u00e7a i\u015ftirak\u201d ve \u201csu\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u201d yan\u0131nda, \u201c\u00e7ete\u201d kavram\u0131 da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildikleri s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ceza Hukukunda \u201csu\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik\u201d ilkesinden taviz verilmemelidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201ckanunsuz su\u00e7 ve ceza olmaz\u201d olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek bu ilke temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin vazge\u00e7ilemez bir g\u00fcvencesidir. Kanun; \u00f6nceden su\u00e7u ve cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Anayasa m.13\u2019e uygun \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlamal\u0131, bu tan\u0131ma uygun olmayan fiilden dolay\u0131 da kimse su\u00e7lanmamal\u0131, tutuklanmamal\u0131 ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcp da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, maddi hakikate ve adalete ula\u015f\u0131labilmesi maksad\u0131yla m.221\u2019de kabul edilen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k, ayn\u0131 zamanda faile bu cezadan kurtulma veya az ceza ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma imkan\u0131 tan\u0131makta, bir t\u00fcr \u00f6d\u00fcl niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ancak etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsamamaktad\u0131r. Faaliyet su\u00e7lar\u0131nda somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri gere\u011fince, yasal \u015fartlar\u0131 varsa pi\u015fmanl\u0131k g\u00f6steren fail hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fin TCK m.38\/3 veya m.192 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanabilir. Yeterli usuli g\u00fcvenceler sa\u011flanmak ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcst yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 korunmak kayd\u0131yla, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k m\u00fcessesesi geli\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7unda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k bahsine d\u00f6necek olursak;<\/p>\n
\u201cEtkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 TCK m.221 hangi hallerde, nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?<\/p>\n
1- Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u nedeniyle soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tan veya verdi\u011fi bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kurucu veya y\u00f6neticiler hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
2- \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin; \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeksizin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili makamlara bildirmesi halinde hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. Burada ge\u00e7en \u201cilgili makam\u201d kavram\u0131 ; \u201c\u0130hbar ve \u015fikayet\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 CMK m.158\u2019in ilk d\u00f6rt f\u0131kras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en adli merciler ve idari makamlar ile Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fim Merkezi\u2019ni C\u0130MER\u2019i), T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131, hakimlikleri ve mahkemeleri kapsar. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ilgili elveri\u015fli bilgilerin burada ge\u00e7en merci ve makama yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7mesi kayd\u0131yla s\u00f6zl\u00fc iletilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3- \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeden yakalanan \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyarak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli bilgi vermesi halinde hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
4- Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ya da \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m eden failin; g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz, ancak bu bilgileri yakaland\u0131ktan sonra vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 verilecek cezada \u00fc\u00e7te birden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7e kadar indirim yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta; verilen bilgilerin ne derece yeterli ve elveri\u015fli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tayin ve takdirinin esas itibariyle davay\u0131 g\u00f6ren mahkemeye ait oldu\u011fu, ancak uygulamada TCK m.221\u2019in soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da kolluk ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunan \u015f\u00fcpheli taraf\u0131ndan TCK m.221\u2019e uygun yeterli ve elveri\u015fli bilginin verilip verilmedi\u011fini tayin ve takdir etti\u011fi, hatta bu konuda tutuklama tedbirinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, yerine adli kontrol tedbirinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 veya adli kontrol tedbirinin nev\u2019inin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini sulh ceza hakimli\u011finden talep edilebildi\u011fi, sulh ceza hakiminin de talebin hukuka uygunlu\u011funa bakmak suretiyle karar verdi\u011fi, ancak bu t\u00fcr konularda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n talebinin ve gerek\u00e7esinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, esas itibariyle uygulamada TCK m.221\u2019in de facto olarak Ceza Hukuku d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, oysa kanun koyucunun etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k veya ceza indirimi hali olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fi, indirim oran\u0131n\u0131, verilen bilginin elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131na ve faydas\u0131na g\u00f6re davay\u0131 g\u00f6ren mahkemenin tayin edece\u011fi, bu konuda kanun koyucunun m.221\u2019de baz\u0131 k\u0131staslara yer verdi\u011fi, ancak bunlar\u0131n s\u00fcbjektif de\u011ferlendirmelere tabi tutulabilece\u011fi, bu k\u0131staslar\u0131n uygulamada somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta; san\u0131kta i\u015fledi\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 tam ve samimi bir pi\u015fmanl\u0131k iradesi g\u00f6stermesinin arand\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, faaliyetlerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalat\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k halinin veya indirilmi\u015f cezaya h\u00fckmedilmesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yakalanmadan veya yakaland\u0131ktan sonra g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Uygulamada; yasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmasa da m\u00fctemadi, yani neticesi devam eden bir su\u00e7 tipi say\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheliler hakk\u0131nda e\u015fzamanl\u0131 yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 tedbirlerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasal \u015fartlar\u0131n olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n nadiren adli kontrol, \u00e7o\u011funlukla ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fc ile k\u0131s\u0131tlayan tutuklama tedbirine ba\u015fvuruldu\u011fu, savunma makam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu m.153\/2 gere\u011fince soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama, yani dosyaya eri\u015fim yasa\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine sulh ceza hakimli\u011fi karar\u0131 ile al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Tutuklama tedbirinin \u015fekil ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa m.19, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m.5 ile CMK m.100\u2019de ve 101\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n adalet ka\u00e7ma ihtimalini ortaya koyan somut delil ve olgular\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu riskin adli kontrol tedbiri ile giderilemedi\u011fi durumda tutuklanabilece\u011fi, yine delil gizleme veya karartma veya delili tahrif etme ihtimalinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde, bunun \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla \u201cson \u00e7are\u201d niteli\u011finde tutuklama tedbirimin uygulanabilece\u011fi, ancak tutuklama tedbirinin amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, Anayasa m.38\/5 ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u201cnemo tenetur\u201d, yani \u201chi\u00e7 kimsenin kendisi ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda beyanda bulunmaya ve delil g\u00f6stermeye zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131\u201d ilkesinin g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcphelinin ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ifade alma ve sorgu usul\u00fcn\u00fcn CMK m.147\u2019de g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi, CMK m.148\u2019de de yasak ifade alma ve sorgu metotlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, bu maddelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 yol ve y\u00f6ntemle elde edilen ifade, ikrar ve deliller ile \u201czehirli a\u011fac\u0131n meyvesi de zehirlidir\u201d prensibi gere\u011fince, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir delil vas\u0131tas\u0131yla elde edilen delilin de hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131p, Anayasa m.38\/6, CMK m.206\/2-a, m.217\/2, m.230\/1-b ve m.289\/1-i gere\u011fince san\u0131k aleyhine mahkumiyete esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcphelinin susma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya tam olarak bildiklerini anlatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle tutuklanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, savc\u0131l\u0131k makam\u0131 pazarl\u0131k yapmak suretiyle t\u00fcm bildiklerini anlatma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutuklulu\u011funun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasal bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine CMK m.148\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirebilece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 yol ve y\u00f6ntemle elde edilen delilin ancak san\u0131k lehine kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n aleyhine oldu\u011fu durumda ise itham sisteminde kamu otoritesinin \u201chukuk devleti\u201d ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kural ve kaidelere \u00f6ncelikle uyma mecburiyeti gere\u011fince, maddi hakikate ve adalete ula\u015fma amac\u0131n\u0131n hukukun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi, Anayasa ve yasalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hareket etmesi kayd\u0131yla kamu kudretlini kullanma yetkisini elinde bulunduran kamu otoritesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Bir Ceza Hukuku m\u00fcessesesi olan etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k halinde hedefin maddi hakikate ve adalete ula\u015fmak oldu\u011fu, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu imkan\u0131 kullanan san\u0131\u011fa sadece TCK m.220 ve m.221 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131ktan veya ceza indiriminden yararlanma yolunun a\u00e7\u0131labildi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k veya cezada indirimin g\u00fcndeme gelmeyece\u011fi, fakat faaliyet su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda mahkemece san\u0131k lehine takdir ve de\u011ferlendirmenin kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi, baz\u0131 \u00f6zel su\u00e7 tipleri ile failin azmettiricisini s\u00f6ylemesi hali d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ceza Hukukunda su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 ceza muafiyetinin veya indiriminin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Uygulamada; su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda yarg\u0131lanan \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya san\u0131\u011fa etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin soruldu\u011fu, fakat bu konuda \u015f\u00fcpheliye ve san\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131ca bir bask\u0131 yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, koruma tedbirlerinin bu maksatla kullan\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunmak isteyen \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmek suretiyle mensubu oldu\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fctle ilgili t\u00fcm bildiklerini anlatmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda; etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemede yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lamada bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k veya indirimli cezan\u0131n san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda tutuklama tedbirlerinin tatbikinin veya sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n veya bu tedbiri yerine adli kontrol tedbiri uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011flanamayaca\u011f\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheliye etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutuksuz yarg\u0131lanma imkan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na dair bir y\u00f6ntemin Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tutuklama tedbirini d\u00fczenleyen CMK m.100\u2019de ve 101\u2019de de bu y\u00f6nde bir h\u00fckme yer verilmedi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131k ifadelerinin ve ikrarlar\u0131 ile tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n usule uygun al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, usule uygun al\u0131nmayan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc beyan\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, CMK m.148\/4 nedeniyle avukats\u0131z al\u0131nan \u015f\u00fcpheli beyan\u0131n sonradan kabul edilmemesi halinde ge\u00e7erli olmayaca\u011f\u0131, CMK m.148\/5 uyar\u0131nca kollu\u011fun ayn\u0131 konuda \u015f\u00fcpheliyi tekrar dinleyemeyece\u011fi, soru\u015fturmada konunun ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu durumlarda soru\u015fturmalar farkl\u0131 olsa bile bu yetkinin sadece Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu, yaln\u0131zca sa\u011fl\u0131k personeline kar\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar hari\u00e7 kollu\u011fun tan\u0131k dinleyemeyece\u011fi, dinlerse bile bunun \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k aleyhine delil olarak kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k halinin mahkemece yap\u0131lacak kovu\u015fturma evresinde \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da \u015f\u00fcphelinin ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya sorgusunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheliye etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunma imkan\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu hususunun bildirildi\u011fi, bu yolla kollu\u011fun ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n delil elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, sorgu bir hak oldu\u011fundan tutuklamaya sevk edilmi\u015f \u015f\u00fcphelinin sorguda TCK m.221\u2019den yararlanmak suretiyle tutuklanmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi, ancak tutuklaman\u0131n uygulanmamas\u0131n\u0131n veya tutuklaman\u0131n sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u015f\u00fcpheliden ikrar ve etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k elde etme amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphelinin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine m\u00fcdahale ederek elde edilen beyanlar\u0131n CMK m.147\u2019ye ve \u00f6zellikle m.148\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131, bu yolla elde edilen beyan ve di\u011fer delillerin \u201chukuk ayk\u0131r\u0131 delil\u201d say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Esasen \u201cEtkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile TCK m.221\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u ile ilgili olarak, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ve su\u00e7a konu faaliyetleri ile sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu m\u00fcessesenin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyetlerini de en az\u0131ndan ceza indirimi yoluyla kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmesinin ve geli\u015ftirilmesinin gerekti\u011fi, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca m.220\u2019de tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7larla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l faillere ve azmettiriciler ile maddi hakikate ula\u015f\u0131labilmesinde yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in yasal d\u00fczenlemeye ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu, bu nedenle etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n soru\u015fturma uygulanabilecek \u015fekilde \u201cceza pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d veya \u201csoru\u015fturmaya yard\u0131m\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi, aksi halde \u201c\u0130fade almada ve sorguda yasak usuller\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 CMK m.148\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca \u201cetkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d veya hen\u00fcz bizde olmasa da \u201csoru\u015fturmada pazarl\u0131k\u201d usullerinde \u00e7ok dikkatli olunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, beyan\u0131 al\u0131nan \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya bu beyandan hukuki durumlar\u0131 etkilenen \u015f\u00fcphelilerin tutukluluklar\u0131 ile usuli g\u00fcvencelere riayet edilmesi gerekti\u011fi, \u015f\u00fcphelinin tutuklu\u011funu sonland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7ta bunu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmayabilece\u011fini bilmesi gerekti\u011fi, verdi\u011fi ifadenin tutuksuz yarg\u0131lanmak i\u00e7in yeterli olmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair uyar\u0131lar\u0131n, hem Anayasa m.38\/5-6 ve hem de CMK m.100 ve m.101 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sorunlara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi, bu konuda yasal bir d\u00fczenleme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201cSoru\u015fturma evresinde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin tutana\u011fa ba\u011flanmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 CMK m.169\/2 nedeniyle hukuki sorunlar \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131 usul\u00fcn uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fin ve i\u015flemenin tutana\u011fa ba\u011flanarak kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131na koyulmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, b\u00f6ylelikle gizli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen, \u015f\u00fcpheli ile m\u00fcdafiinin g\u0131yab\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015flerin ve i\u015flemlerin ileride hukukilik denetimlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi, tutana\u011fa ba\u011flanmayan veya eksik kaydedilen i\u015f ve i\u015flemler ile bu yolla elde edilen delillerin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131labilece\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da d\u00fcr\u00fcst yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ile ilgili esasa m\u00fcessir ihlal g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k yoluyla elde edilen beyanlar\u0131n Ceza Hukuku ile ilgili olup, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bu d\u00fczenlemenin alt\u0131 f\u0131kra halinde TCK m.221\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, burada etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n say\u0131 ve kapsam olarak dar tutuldu\u011fu, failin dosya ve konu itibariyle en fazla bir kez etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanabilece\u011finin belirtildi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131k ve ceza indirimine tabi tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunan \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubunun faaliyet su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgili ceza sorumlulu\u011funun devam etti\u011fi, ancak soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunarak soru\u015fturman\u0131n ilerlemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan \u015f\u00fcphelinin, soru\u015fturmaya katk\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak g\u00f6zetilebildi\u011fi, can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunabildi\u011fi, hatta \u201cgizli tan\u0131k\u201d yap\u0131labildi\u011fi, baz\u0131 faaliyet su\u00e7lar\u0131 olsa da tutuklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya adli kontrol tedbiri uygulanarak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir ki, esasen t\u00fcm bu y\u00f6nleri kapsayacak \u015fekilde ve di\u011fer \u015f\u00fcphelilere usuli g\u00fcvenceler tan\u0131yan, \u00f6rne\u011fin sonradan etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunan tutuklu \u015f\u00fcphelinin ifadesi ile tutuklulu\u011fu devam eden di\u011fer \u015f\u00fcpheliye aleyhine olan bu ifadeye eri\u015fimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bir diyece\u011finin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorulmas\u0131, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda Anayasa m.38\/5-6, CMK m.48, m.49, m.147, m.148, m.206\/2-a ve m.217\/2 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini g\u00f6zeterek, delillerin s\u0131hhatini ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak \u00f6nlemlere yer veren yasal d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n isabetli olaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Yeri gelmi\u015fken; tutuklanmama veya tutuklulu\u011funu sonland\u0131rma veya ceza almama veya az ceza alma veya s\u0131rf maddi hakikatin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunmak isteyen, bu ama\u00e7la adli makamlara ba\u015fvuran \u015f\u00fcpheliye muhakkak TCK m.221\u2019in uygulanma \u015fekli, kapsam\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile ilgili bilgi verilmesi, bu bilginin mutlaka CMK m.169\u2019a uygun \u015fekilde imzal\u0131 tutanakla kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p, bu tutana\u011f\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131n veya incelemeye elveri\u015fli bir suretinin dosyaya al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
\u0130zahtan varestedir.<\/p>\n
Mevcut durumda; \u015f\u00fcphelinin ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n ve sorgusunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 usul\u00fcn\u00fcn CMK m.147 ile m.148\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, CMK m.148\/1\u2019in birinci c\u00fcmlesinde \u201c\u015e\u00fcphelinin ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyan\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu, 1. f\u0131kran\u0131n devam\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade ile beyan alman\u0131n yasak usullerinin, yani \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeye dayanan beyan al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici nitelikte \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya san\u0131\u011fa k\u00f6t\u00fc davranma, i\u015fkence, ila\u00e7 verme, onu yorma, aldatma, ona cebir veya tehditte bulunma, onun \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 ara\u00e7lar kullanma gibi tahdidi olarak de\u011fil, yasak bedensel veya ruhsal m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6ntemlerinin \u00f6rnekler verilerek say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 148. maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir yarar vaat edilemez.\u201d, 3. f\u0131krada da \u201cYasak usullerle elde edilen ifadeler r\u0131za ile verilmi\u015f olsa da delil olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez\u201d. Kanunun bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine muhakkak riayet edilmelidir, aksi halde, yani CMK m.147, m.148, m.169 ve tan\u0131kla ilgili CMK m.43 ila m.61\u2019in ihlali suretiyle elde edilen beyan deliller ile bu delillerden hareketle elde edilen delillerin \u201chukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 delil\u201d say\u0131lma tart\u0131\u015fma ve ihtimalleri g\u00fcndeme gelebilir.<\/p>\n
(Bu makale, say\u0131n Prof. Dr. Ersan \u015eEN taraf\u0131ndan www.hukukihaber.net sitesinde yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak g\u00f6sterilse dahi makalenin tamam\u0131 \u00f6zel izin al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak al\u0131nt\u0131lanan makalenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, aktif link verilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeden k\u0131smen ya da tamamen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u015fahsi haklara ve fikri haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder.)\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Su\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fctleri Hakk\u0131nda Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama; Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7unda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu m.221\u2019de d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen bu maddenin \u201cSilahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 TCK m.314\/5\u2019in atf\u0131 ile Devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, Anayasa ile kurulu d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin kurulan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler hakk\u0131nda da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131, nitekim 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 3. maddesi taraf\u0131ndan TCK m.314\u2019de tan\u0131mlanan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7unun ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca TCK m.314\u2019de yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri hakk\u0131nda da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131, \u00c7\u0131kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin silahl\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 olmayan olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 (TCK m.220\/3), TCK m.314\u2019de Devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, Anayasa ile kurulu d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin kurulan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun m.3 ve m.7\/1 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden bahsedildi\u011fi, bu konuda TCK m.314\u2019e at\u0131f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda ayr\u0131ca d\u00fczenlenmesi nedeniyle silahl\u0131 olmayabilece\u011fi, bunda da silahl\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 olmayan olarak ikili ayr\u0131ma gidilmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi, ancak ter\u00f6r\u00fcn tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapan 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 1. maddesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanma \u00f6n \u015fart say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, h\u00fckm\u00fcn devam\u0131nda \u201cbask\u0131, korkutma, y\u0131ld\u0131rma, sindirme veya tehdit y\u00f6ntemlerinden biriyle,\u201d ibaresine yer verildi\u011finden, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn niteli\u011fi itibariyle silahl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi, kuruldu\u011fu …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n