ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/197<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/86<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 27\/3\/2025<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 29\/5\/2025-32914<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURANLAR: 1. \u0130stanbul 8. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/197)<\/p>\n
2. Ankara 27. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/199)<\/p>\n
3. \u0130stanbul 64. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/200)<\/p>\n
4. \u0130stanbul 9. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/204)<\/p>\n
5. Adana 26. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/207)<\/p>\n
6. \u0130stanbul 13. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/212)<\/p>\n
7. Ankara 27. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/213)<\/p>\n
8. Adana 26. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/222)<\/p>\n
9. K\u0131r\u0131kkale 8. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/228)<\/p>\n
10. \u0130zmir 1. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/239)<\/p>\n
11. Osmaniye 13. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2025\/1)<\/p>\n
12. Yalova 7. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2025\/9, 2025\/10)<\/p>\n
13. Mu\u011fla 2. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2025\/25)<\/p>\n
14. Erzincan 1. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (2025\/26)<\/p>\n
15. Kayseri B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 6. Ceza Dairesi (2025\/37)<\/p>\n
\u0130PTAL DAVASINI A\u00c7AN: T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcyeleri Murat EM\u0130R, G\u00f6khan G\u00dcNAYDIN, Ali Mahir BA\u015eARIR ile birlikte 129 milletvekili (E.2025\/6)<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZLARIN VE DAVANIN KONUSU: 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. 15. maddesiyle 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 75. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine eklenen (2) numaral\u0131 alt bentte yer alan \u201c…ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentleri ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
B. 18. maddesiyle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 10., 13., 19., 36., 38 ve 141. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talepleridir.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un iptali talep edilen kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n
1. 15. maddesiyle 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine (2) numaral\u0131 alt bendin eklendi\u011fi 75. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00d6n\u00f6deme<\/p>\n
Madde 75- (1) Uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131ndaki su\u00e7lar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, yaln\u0131z adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren veya kanun maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131 ay\u0131 a\u015fmayan su\u00e7lar\u0131n faili;<\/p>\n
a) Adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131 maktu ise bu miktar\u0131, de\u011filse a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
b) Hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in y\u00fcz T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 \u00fczerinden bulunacak miktar\u0131, <\/p>\n
c) Hapis cezas\u0131 ile birlikte adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131 da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise, hapis cezas\u0131 i\u00e7in bu f\u0131kran\u0131n (b) bendine g\u00f6re belirlenecek miktar ile adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
Soru\u015fturma giderleri ile birlikte, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca yap\u0131lacak tebli\u011f \u00fczerine on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00f6dedi\u011fi takdirde hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmaz. (Ek c\u00fcmleler:17\/10\/2019- 7188\/16 md.) Failin on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde talep etmesi ko\u015fuluyla bu miktar\u0131n birer ay ara ile \u00fc\u00e7 e\u015fit taksit h\u00e2linde \u00f6denmesine Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan karar verilir. Taksitlerin s\u00fcresinde \u00f6denmemesi h\u00e2linde \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r ve soru\u015fturmaya devam edilir. (Ek c\u00fcmle: 24\/11\/2016-6763\/12 md.) Taksirli su\u00e7lar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6n\u00f6demeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine karar verildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6n\u00f6demeye tabi bir su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen faile bu f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca teklif edilecek \u00f6n\u00f6deme miktar\u0131 yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
(2) \u00d6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gere\u011fince i\u015fin do\u011frudan mahkemeye intikal etmesi halinde de fail, hakim taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak bildirim \u00fczerine birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re saptanacak miktardaki paray\u0131 yarg\u0131lama giderleriyle birlikte \u00f6dedi\u011finde kamu davas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. <\/p>\n
(3) Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca madde kapsam\u0131na giren su\u00e7 nedeniyle \u00f6n\u00f6deme i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmadan dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 veya dava konusu fiilin niteli\u011finin de\u011fi\u015fmesi suretiyle madde kapsam\u0131na giren bir su\u00e7a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi halinde de yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kra uygulan\u0131r. <\/p>\n
(4) Su\u00e7la ilgili kanun maddesinde yukar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131 ay\u0131 a\u015fmayan hapis cezas\u0131 veya adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z birinin uygulanabilece\u011fi hallerde \u00f6denmesi gereken miktar, yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kralara g\u00f6re adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131 esas al\u0131narak belirlenir. <\/p>\n
(5) Bu madde gere\u011fince kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 veya ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ki\u015fisel hakk\u0131n istenmesine, mal\u0131n geri al\u0131nmas\u0131na ve m\u00fcsadereye ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri etkilemez.<\/p>\n
(6) (Ek: 24\/11\/2016-6763\/12 md.) Bu madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri;<\/p>\n
a) Bu Kanunda yer alan;<\/p>\n
1. Yard\u0131m veya bildirim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesi (98 inci maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131),<\/p>\n
2. (Ek:7\/11\/2024-7531\/15 md.) Hakaret (125 inci maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentleri ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131),<\/p>\n
3. Genel g\u00fcvenli\u011fin taksirle tehlikeye sokulmas\u0131 (madde 171),<\/p>\n
4. \u00c7evrenin taksirle kirletilmesi (182 nci maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131),<\/p>\n
5. \u00d6zel i\u015faret ve k\u0131yafetleri usuls\u00fcz kullanma (264 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131),<\/p>\n
6. Su\u00e7u bildirmeme (278 inci maddenin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131),<\/p>\n
su\u00e7lar\u0131,<\/p>\n
b) 31\/8\/1956 tarihli ve 6831 say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanununun 108 inci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan su\u00e7,<\/p>\n
c) (Ek:17\/10\/2019-7188\/16 md.) 21\/7\/1983 tarihli ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununun 74 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan su\u00e7,<\/p>\n
d) (Ek:17\/10\/2019-7188\/16 md.) 4\/11\/2004 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanununun 32 nci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (d) bendinde yer alan su\u00e7,<\/p>\n
bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulan\u0131r. Bu f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131ndaki su\u00e7lar\u0131n be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tekrar i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde fail hakk\u0131nda ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n
(7) (Ek: 24\/11\/2016-6763\/12 md.) \u00d6demede bulunulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine verilen kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararlar ile d\u00fc\u015fme kararlar\u0131, bunlara mahsus bir sisteme kaydedilir. Bu kay\u0131tlar, ancak bir soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturmayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, h\u00e2kim veya mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan istenmesi h\u00e2linde, bu maddede belirtilen ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
2. 18. maddesiyle 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. madde \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cGe\u00e7ici Madde 7- (Ek:7\/11\/2024-7531\/18 md.)<\/p>\n
(1) Bu maddeyi ihdas eden Kanunla 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 73 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme, bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n
(2) Bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresinde bulunan dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu maddeyi ihdas eden Kanunla 253 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 75 inci maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik uygulanmaz. Bu dosyalar, 253 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(3) Bu maddeyi ihdas eden Kanunla, 253 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin yirmid\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme, bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131navlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olanlar hakk\u0131nda uygulanmaz. Bu ki\u015filer, di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 halinde uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 siciline ve listelerine kaydedilebilir.<\/p>\n
(4) Bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla 254 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu maddeyi ihdas eden Kanunla 254 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik uygulanmaz. Bu dosyalar, 254 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
1. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 73. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cSoru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lar<\/p>\n
Madde 73- (1) Soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 olan su\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda yetkili kimse alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde \u015fikayette bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
(2) Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresini ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla bu s\u00fcre, \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 olan ki\u015finin fiili ve failin kim oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fi veya \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi g\u00fcnden ba\u015flar. (Ek c\u00fcmle:7\/11\/2024-7531\/14 md.) Ancak, soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olan hakaret su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi, her ne suretle olursa olsun fiilin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten itibaren iki y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.<\/p>\n
(3) \u015eikayet hakk\u0131 olan birka\u00e7 ki\u015fiden birisi alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcreyi ge\u00e7irirse bundan dolay\u0131 di\u011ferlerinin haklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmez.<\/p>\n
(4) Kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131labilmesi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7larda kanunda aksi yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015finin vazge\u00e7mesi davay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesinden sonraki vazge\u00e7me cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131na engel olmaz.<\/p>\n
(5) \u0130\u015ftirak halinde su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f san\u0131klardan biri hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me, di\u011ferlerini de kapsar.<\/p>\n
(6) Kanunda aksi yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, vazge\u00e7me onu kabul etmeyen san\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilemez.<\/p>\n
(7) Kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015finin \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan ileri gelmi\u015f ve vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131rada \u015fahsi haklar\u0131ndan da vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini ayr\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f ise art\u0131k hukuk mahkemesinde de dava a\u00e7amaz.<\/p>\n
(8) (M\u00fclga: 6\/12\/2006 \u2013 5560\/45 md.)\u201d<\/p>\n
2. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 253. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cUzla\u015ft\u0131rma<\/p>\n
Madde 253 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 6\/12\/2006-5560\/24 md.)<\/p>\n
(1) A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki su\u00e7larda, \u015f\u00fcpheli ile ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek veya \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fisinin uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 giri\u015fiminde bulunulur:<\/p>\n
a) Soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n
\u2026<\/p>\n
(2) Soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere; di\u011fer kanunlarda yer alan su\u00e7larla ilgili olarak uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gidilebilmesi i\u00e7in, kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
(3) Soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olsa bile, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7larda, \u0131srarl\u0131 takip su\u00e7unda (madde 123\/A) ve hakaret su\u00e7unda (125 inci maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131), uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gidilemez. (Ek c\u00fcmle: 26\/6\/2009 – 5918\/8 md.) Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131na giren bir su\u00e7un, bu kapsama girmeyen bir ba\u015fka su\u00e7la birlikte ayn\u0131 ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde de uzla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n
(4) Soru\u015fturma konusu su\u00e7un uzla\u015fmaya t\u00e2bi olmas\u0131 ve kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli \u015f\u00fcphenin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, dosya uzla\u015ft\u0131rma b\u00fcrosuna g\u00f6nderilir. B\u00fcro taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli ile ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rene uzla\u015fma teklifinde bulunur. \u015e\u00fcphelinin, ma\u011fdurun veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin re\u015fit olmamas\u0131 halinde, uzla\u015fma teklifi kanun\u00ee temsilcilerine yap\u0131l\u0131r. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, uzla\u015fma teklifini a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 tebligat veya istinabe yoluyla da yapabilir. \u015e\u00fcpheli, ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren, kendisine uzla\u015fma teklifinde bulunulduktan itibaren yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde karar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmedi\u011fi takdirde, teklifi reddetmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(5) Uzla\u015fma teklifinde bulunulmas\u0131 halinde, ki\u015fiye uzla\u015fman\u0131n mahiyeti ve uzla\u015fmay\u0131 kabul veya reddetmesinin hukuk\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
(6) Resm\u00ee mercilere beyan edilmi\u015f olup da soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131nda yer alan adreste bulunmama veya yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olma ya da ba\u015fka bir nedenle ma\u011fdura, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rene, \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya bunlar\u0131n kanun\u00ee temsilcisine ula\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 halinde, uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gidilmeksizin soru\u015fturma sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
(7) Birden fazla ki\u015finin ma\u011fduriyetine veya zarar g\u00f6rmesine sebebiyet veren bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gidilebilmesi i\u00e7in, ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin hepsinin uzla\u015fmay\u0131 kabul etmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u2026<\/p>\n
(19) Uzla\u015fma sonucunda \u015f\u00fcphelinin edimini def\u2019aten yerine getirmesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 verilir. Edimin yerine getirilmesinin ileri tarihe b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, takside ba\u011flanmas\u0131 veya s\u00fcreklilik arzetmesi halinde, 171 inci maddedeki \u015fartlar aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n, \u015f\u00fcpheli hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi karar\u0131 verilir. Erteleme s\u00fcresince zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u015flemez. Kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi karar\u0131ndan sonra, uzla\u015fman\u0131n gereklerinin yerine getirilmemesi halinde, 171 inci maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki \u015fart aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n, kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. (\u2026) Uzla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 halinde, uzla\u015fma an\u0131nda tespit edilemeyen veya uzla\u015fmadan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zararlar hari\u00e7, soru\u015fturma konusu su\u00e7 nedeniyle tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamaz; a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan davadan feragat edilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphelinin, edimini yerine getirmemesi halinde uzla\u015fma raporu veya belgesi, 9\/6\/1932 tarihli ve 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanununun 38 inci maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 ilam mahiyetini haiz belgelerden say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
A. E.2024\/197 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, o dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptalleri i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6revine giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikte bulunan kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkemece 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin iptali talep edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130tiraz konusu kural\u0131n (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda kural\u0131 ihdas eden Kanun\u2019la 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 73. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kural\u0131 ihdas eden 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 73. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmlede soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olan hakaret su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin her ne suretle olursa olsun fiilin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten itibaren iki y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan azami iki y\u0131ll\u0131k \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi aranmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davaya konu su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi tarih ile \u015fik\u00e2yet tarihi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 73. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin ba\u015fvuruya konu yarg\u0131lamada \u015fik\u00e2yet kurumunun h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herhangi bir farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. \u00d6te yandan kural\u0131n (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 253. maddesinin (24) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin kural\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131navlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olanlar hakk\u0131nda uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131, bu ki\u015filerin di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 h\u00e2linde uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 siciline ve listelerine kaydedilebilecekleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylelikle an\u0131lan f\u0131krada yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nce uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131navlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olanlar\u0131n di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 h\u00e2linde s\u00f6z konusu f\u0131krada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hukuk fak\u00fcltesi mezunu olma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maks\u0131z\u0131n uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 sicili ve listelerine kaydolabilmelerine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davada bu hususa y\u00f6nelik bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Kural\u0131n (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 ise kural\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 254. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen dosyalara ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu, bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n ise h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen bir dosyay\u0131 konu edinmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n (1), (3) ve (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikte de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla an\u0131lan f\u0131kralar\u0131n ba\u015fvuruda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1), (3) ve (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu f\u0131kralara ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. E.2024\/199 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
9. An\u0131lan \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
C. E.2024\/200 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
10. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
11. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkemece 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n iptalleri talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosyan\u0131n ilk inceleme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde an\u0131lan maddenin itiraz konusu (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na y\u00f6nelik belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu dosya y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
13. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu f\u0131kraya ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. E.2024\/204 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
14. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
15. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkemece 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin iptali talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
16. E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosyan\u0131n ilk inceleme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu dosya y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
17. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1), (3) ve (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu f\u0131kralara ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D. E.2024\/207 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
18. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
E. E.2024\/212 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
19. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
F. E.2024\/213 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
20. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle ba\u015fvurunun y\u00f6ntemine uygunlu\u011fu sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
21. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cBa\u015fvuruya engel durumlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 41. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201c\u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran mahkemede itiraz konusu kural\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka dava dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan itiraz ba\u015fvurusu bu dosyalar i\u00e7in de bekletici mesele say\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d denilmektedir. An\u0131lan f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca ayn\u0131 mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 kurala ili\u015fkin birden fazla itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
22. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cAnayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemelerce ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. maddesinde ise Anayasa Mahkemesine itiraz yoluyla yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurularda izlenecek y\u00f6ntem belirtilmi\u015f ve an\u0131lan maddenin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde dayanaktan yoksun veya y\u00f6ntemine uygun olmayan itiraz ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan esas incelemeye ge\u00e7ilmeksizin gerek\u00e7eleriyle reddedilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkemece 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n iptalleri talep edilmi\u015ftir. Mahkemenin daha \u00f6nce an\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptali talebiyle Anayasa Mahkemesinin E.2024\/199 esas\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkemece s\u00f6z konusu itiraz ba\u015fvurusunun di\u011fer dava dosyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bekletici mesele yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken ayn\u0131 kural\u0131n iptali talebiyle tekrar ba\u015fvuruda bulunulmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kran\u0131n incelenme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusunun 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin (2) ve 40. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 gere\u011fince y\u00f6ntemine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
G. E.2024\/222 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
25. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u011e. E.2024\/228 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
26. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
H. E.2024\/239 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
27. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
I. E.2025\/1 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
28. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130. E.2025\/6 Say\u0131l\u0131 Dava Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
29. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurma talebinin esas inceleme a\u015famas\u0131nda karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131na OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
J. E.2025\/9 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
30. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
K. E.2025\/10 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
31. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
L. E.2025\/25 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
32. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 11\/2\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
M. E.2025\/26 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
33. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 11\/2\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
34. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkemece 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin iptali talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
35. E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosyan\u0131n ilk inceleme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u00f6z konusu maddenin (3) ve (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131na ili\u015fkin belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu dosya y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
36. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
B. (3) ve (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu f\u0131kralara y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
N. E.2025\/37 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
37. \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 11\/2\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130RME KARARLARI<\/p>\n
A. E.2024\/199 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
38. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/199 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n, aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. E.2024\/200 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
39. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/200 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
C. E.2024\/204 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
40. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/204 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n, aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. E.2024\/207 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
41. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026kovu\u015fturma\u2026\u201d ibaresinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/207 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D. E.2024\/212 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
42. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 75 inci maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik uygulanmaz.\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
iptallerine karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/212 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
E. E.2024\/213 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
43. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/213 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
F. E.2024\/222 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
44. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026soru\u015fturma\u2026\u201d ibaresinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/222 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
G. E.2024\/228 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
45. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n iptallerine karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/228 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u011e. E.2024\/239 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
46. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c…5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 75 inci maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik uygulanmaz.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2024\/239 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
H. E.2025\/1 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
47. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2025\/1 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
I. E.2025\/9 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
48. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2025\/9 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130. E.2025\/10 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
49. 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 75. maddesine 24\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6763 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 12. maddesiyle eklenen (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendine 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 15. maddesiyle eklenen (2) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c…ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentleri ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2025\/10 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
J. E.2025\/25 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
50. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2025\/25 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 11\/2\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
K. E.2025\/26 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
51. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n iptallerine karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2025\/26 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 11\/2\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
L. E.2025\/37 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
52. 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin;<\/p>\n
A. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
B. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u20265237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 75 inci maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik uygulanmaz.\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
iptallerine karar verilmesi talebiyle yap\u0131lan itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin E.2025\/37 say\u0131l\u0131 davan\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 11\/2\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. AYIRMA VE B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130RME KARARI<\/p>\n
53. 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. 15. maddesiyle 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 75. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine eklenen (2) numaral\u0131 alt bentte yer alan \u201c…(b) ve (c)…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
B. 18. maddesiyle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
iptallerine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin davan\u0131n E.2025\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 davadan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ve aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki irtibat nedeniyle E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dava ile B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE, esas incelemenin E.2024\/197 say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
V. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
54. Ba\u015fvuru kararlar\u0131 ile dava dilek\u00e7esi ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Ahmet Hakan SOYT\u00dcRK taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, dava ve itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Kanun\u2019un 15. Maddesiyle 5237 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 75. Maddesinin (6) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendine Eklenen (2) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bentte Yer Alan \u201c…ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentleri ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
55. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 75. maddesinde \u00f6n\u00f6deme kurumu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndaki su\u00e7lar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere yaln\u0131z adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren veya kanun maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131 ay\u0131 a\u015fmayan su\u00e7lar\u0131n failinin an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen miktar ile soru\u015fturma giderlerini yap\u0131lacak tebligat \u00fczerine on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00f6dedi\u011fi takdirde hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131krada ayr\u0131ca taksirli su\u00e7lar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6n\u00f6demeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine karar verildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6n\u00f6demeye tabi bir su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen faile f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca teklif edilecek \u00f6n\u00f6deme miktar\u0131n\u0131n ise yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
56. Maddenin (2) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gere\u011fince do\u011frudan kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar ile soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6n\u00f6deme i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmadan davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 veya isnat edilen fiilin hukuki niteli\u011finin de\u011fi\u015fmesi sebebiyle su\u00e7un \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na girdi\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu h\u00e2llerde (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re belirlenecek miktardaki paray\u0131 yarg\u0131lama giderleriyle birlikte \u00f6deyen san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n
57. (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kradaki genel d\u00fczenlemenin haricinde \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na giren di\u011fer su\u00e7lar ayr\u0131ca say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan f\u0131krada ayr\u0131ca say\u0131lan bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tekrar i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde fail hakk\u0131nda ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
58. F\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendinin (2) numaral\u0131 alt bendiyle an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 125. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle i\u015flenen hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131krada d\u00fczenlenen hakaret su\u00e7unun ayn\u0131 maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bendindeki nitelikli h\u00e2ller kapsam\u0131nda ve\/veya (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca alenen i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde de \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanacakt\u0131r. Hakaret su\u00e7unun basit h\u00e2linin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kra ile su\u00e7un kamu g\u00f6revlisine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131 i\u015flenmesinin nitelikli h\u00e2l olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendi \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmu\u015ftur. Kanun\u2019un 75. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin (2) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentleri ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131\u2026\u201d ibaresi itiraz ve dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130tirazlar\u0131n ve \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7eleri<\/p>\n
59. Ba\u015fvuru kararlar\u0131nda ve dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; hakaret su\u00e7unun ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2li ile nitelikli h\u00e2llerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7un basit h\u00e2linin ve kamu g\u00f6revlisine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmesi \u015feklindeki nitelikli h\u00e2linin \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitlik ilkesini ihlal etti\u011fi, bu durumun cezalar\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukuk devleti ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 10. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
60. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, dil, \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, siyas\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, felsef\u00ee inan\u00e7, din, mezhep ve benzeri sebeplerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmeksizin kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fittir.\/ Kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler e\u015fit haklara sahiptir. Devlet, bu e\u015fitli\u011fin ya\u015fama ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu maksatla al\u0131nacak tedbirler e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yorumlanamaz.\/ \u00c7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar, \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcler, harp ve vazife \u015fehitlerinin dul ve yetimleri ile malul ve gaziler i\u00e7in al\u0131nacak tedbirler e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131lmaz.\/ Hi\u00e7bir ki\u015fiye, aileye, z\u00fcmreye veya s\u0131n\u0131fa imtiyaz tan\u0131namaz. Devlet organlar\u0131 ve idare makamlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flemlerinde kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesine uygun olarak hareket etmek zorundad\u0131rlar.\u201d denilmek suretiyle kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
61. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde belirtilen kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesi hukuksal durumlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 olanlar i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu ilke ile eylemli de\u011fil hukuksal e\u015fitlik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. E\u015fitlik ilkesinin amac\u0131 ayn\u0131 durumda bulunan ki\u015filerin kanunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ayn\u0131 i\u015fleme ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektir. Bu ilkeyle ayn\u0131 durumda bulunan kimi ki\u015fi ve topluluklara ayr\u0131 kurallar uygulanarak kanun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fitli\u011fin ihlali yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik, herkesin her y\u00f6nden ayn\u0131 kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Durumlar\u0131ndaki \u00f6zellikler, kimi ki\u015filer ya da topluluklar i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik kurallar\u0131 ve uygulamalar\u0131 gerektirebilir. Ayn\u0131 hukuksal durumlar ayn\u0131, ayr\u0131 hukuksal durumlar farkl\u0131 kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulursa Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen e\u015fitlik ilkesi zedelenmez (AYM, E.2020\/95, K.2022\/3, 26\/1\/2022, \u00a7 25; E.2022\/65, K.2022\/102, 8\/9\/2022, \u00a7 11).<\/p>\n
62. E\u015fitlik ilkesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lacak anayasall\u0131k denetiminde \u00f6ncelikle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ayn\u0131 ya da benzer durumda bulunan ki\u015filere farkl\u0131 muamelenin mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmeli, bu ba\u011flamda ayn\u0131 ya da benzer durumdaki ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6zetilip g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011fi belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
63. Ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyen fail ile do\u011frudan huzurda ya da g\u0131yapta hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyen failin benzer hukuki konumda olduklar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya m\u00fcsait olduklar\u0131, kural nedeniyle bunlar aras\u0131nda su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015f bi\u00e7imi g\u00f6zetilerek \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k meydana getirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
64. Ceza hukuku ba\u011flam\u0131nda kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesi su\u00e7un basit h\u00e2llerinden birini i\u015fleyen failin, su\u00e7un di\u011fer basit h\u00e2llerinden birini ya da nitelikli h\u00e2llerini i\u015fleyen faillerle her durumda ayn\u0131 kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmemektedir. Bununla birlikte benzer hukuki konumda olan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik farkl\u0131 muamelenin nesnel ve makul bir temele dayanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
65. T\u00fcrk hukuk sisteminde esasen kovu\u015fturman\u0131n mecburili\u011fi ilkesi benimsenmi\u015ftir. Bu ilke uyar\u0131nca kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ceza muhakemesinde alternatif uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 kovu\u015fturman\u0131n mecburili\u011fi ilkesinin istisnas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
66. \u015e\u00fcphesiz hukuk devletinde kanun koyucunun anayasal ilkelere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla cezai uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda alternatif uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcp \u00f6ng\u00f6rmeme veya hangi su\u00e7lara s\u00f6z konusu kurumlar\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6ntemini, ki\u015fi veya kurum y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kapsam ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme konusunda takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2020\/79, K.2023\/113, 22\/6\/2023, \u00a7 81).<\/p>\n
67. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 75. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u00f6n\u00f6deme kurumu da kovu\u015fturman\u0131n mecburili\u011fi ilkesinin istisnalar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6n\u00f6deme kurumu ile belirli a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktaki su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7may\u0131 gerektirir \u015f\u00fcphe bulunan fail bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lama faaliyetinden vazge\u00e7ilerek do\u011frudan parasal yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. B\u00f6ylece belirli a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktaki su\u00e7lar, klasik anlamdaki ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6n\u00f6deme belli nitelik ve t\u00fcrdeki su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma a\u015famalar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilen ve fail hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen ya da a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan bir hukuki kurumdur (baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klara birlikte bkz. AYM, E.2017\/140, K.2017\/177, 28\/12\/2017, \u00a7 12).<\/p>\n
68. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi durumlarda \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan savc\u0131l\u0131k ya da mahkemenin takdir yetkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu usulde failin iradesi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle savc\u0131l\u0131k ya da mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00f6n\u00f6deme teklifinin fail taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemesi h\u00e2linde \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamayacak ve yarg\u0131lamaya genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re devam edilecektir.<\/p>\n
69. \u00d6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda fail klasik ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131ndaki birtak\u0131m usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvencelerden feragat etmektedir. Di\u011fer yandan \u00f6n\u00f6deme kurumuyla failin muhtemel bir ceza mahk\u00fbmiyetinin sonucu olarak toplumda su\u00e7lu olarak bilinmesinin ve cezan\u0131n infaz edilmesinin olumsuz etkilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmektedir. Yine kural\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere kuralla devletin infaz k\u00fclfetinden ve mahkemelerin i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fundan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 ile geleneksel anlamda cezayla ama\u00e7lanan genel ve \u00f6zel \u00f6nlemenin alternatif bir yolla sa\u011flanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
70. Ger\u00e7ekten de sosyal medyan\u0131n yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ki\u015filer ya da kurumlarla ilgili olarak yay\u0131mlanan i\u00e7eriklere y\u00f6nelik yorumlar nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun yarg\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kanun koyucunun s\u00f6z konusu olumsuzlu\u011fun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi belirlemede takdir yetkisinin bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde an\u0131lan su\u00e7un \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n da bu amaca hizmet etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
71. Bununla birlikte Kanun\u2019un 125. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n benzer \u015fekilde bir kimseye onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rencide edebilecek nitelikte somut bir fiil veya olgu isnat etme veya s\u00f6vme bi\u00e7iminde i\u015flenebilece\u011fi, (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada say\u0131lan ara\u00e7larla su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde failin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada belirtilen ceza ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
72. Kuralda hakaret su\u00e7unun basit h\u00e2linin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 125. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentlerinde yer alan nitelikli h\u00e2llerde ve su\u00e7un (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada belirtilen ara\u00e7larla i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6n\u00f6deme kurumunun uygulanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralardaki su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden fiiller aras\u0131nda nitelik, i\u00e7erik ve yo\u011funluk ile su\u00e7la korunan hukuki de\u011fer, fiilin toplum \u00fczerindeki etkileri ve fiiller i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza miktarlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde su\u00e7un nitelikli h\u00e2lleri ile belli \u015fekillerde i\u015flenmesi durumunda \u00f6n\u00f6deme kurumu uygulan\u0131rken su\u00e7un basit h\u00e2linin \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmamas\u0131 suretiyle olu\u015fturulan farkl\u0131 muamelenin nesnel ve makul bir temeli tespit edilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
73. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyen fail ile do\u011frudan huzurda ya da g\u0131yapta hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyen fail aras\u0131nda \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan nesnel ve makul bir temele dayanmaks\u0131z\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturan kural\u0131n kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
74. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. Kanun\u2019un 18. Maddesiyle 5271 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a Eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 7. Maddenin (1) ve (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi <\/p>\n
1. (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
a. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
75. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin itiraz konusu (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 73. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
76. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 73. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olan su\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda yetkili kimsenin alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. An\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresini ge\u00e7memek \u015fart\u0131yla \u015fik\u00e2yet hakk\u0131 olan ki\u015finin fiili ve failin kim oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fi veya \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kraya 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmlede \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresine ili\u015fkin genel ilkeye istisna getirilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olan hakaret su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi her ne suretle olursa olsun fiilin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten itibaren iki y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emeyecektir.<\/p>\n
77. \u0130tiraz konusu kural uyar\u0131nca 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan azami iki y\u0131ll\u0131k \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi aranmayacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural uyar\u0131nca an\u0131lan maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma evresinde bulunan dosyalarda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 73. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 ile (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesindeki genel \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi uygulanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130tirazlar\u0131n Gerek\u00e7eleri<\/p>\n
78. Ba\u015fvuru kararlar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; \u015fik\u00e2yet kurumunun usul hukukuna ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu ve an\u0131lan kurumda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerde ilke olarak derh\u00e2l uygulanma ilkesinin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu, de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 adaletsizliklerin \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in yeni d\u00fczenlemenin ge\u00e7mi\u015fe etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131n bu ilkenin istisnas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 tarihte su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen failler hakk\u0131nda farkl\u0131 uygulamalara neden olan kural\u0131n kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesini ihlal etti\u011fi, yine kural uyar\u0131nca san\u0131klar\u0131n lehine olan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi ile adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10., 13., 19., 36. ve 38. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
79. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
80. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devletinin korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu evrensel ilkelerden biri hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ilkesidir. Hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ilkesi; hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lan ortak de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n
81. \u0130lke olarak hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kanunlar\u0131n geriye y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmemesini zorunlu k\u0131lar. Daha \u00f6nce tesis edilmi\u015f bulunan i\u015flemlerin do\u011furdu\u011fu hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131racak \u015fekilde yasama tasarrufunda bulunulmas\u0131, hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturur. Kanunlar\u0131n geriye y\u00fcr\u00fcmezli\u011fi ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kanunlar, kamu yarar\u0131 ve kamu d\u00fczeninin gerektirmesi, kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, mali haklar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi gibi ayr\u0131ks\u0131 durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ilke olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihlerinden sonraki olay, i\u015flem ve eylemlere uygulanmak \u00fczere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kanunlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ve kesin nitelik kazanm\u0131\u015f hukuksal durumlara etkili olmamas\u0131, hukukun genel ilkelerindendir (AYM, E.2018\/103, K.2019\/4, 13\/2\/2019, \u00a7 15; E.2018\/108, K.2019\/5, 13\/2\/2019, \u00a7 20). Ancak kanun koyucunun ki\u015filerin lehine haklar sa\u011flayan kanuni d\u00fczenlemeleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fe etkili olarak d\u00fczenlemesinde takdir yetkisine sahip oldu\u011fu ku\u015fkusuzdur.<\/p>\n
82. Ceza muhakemesi hukuku kurallar\u0131 ise i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia edilen fiilin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygulanacak y\u00f6ntemleri belirler. Bu nedenle ilke olarak yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, lehe ya da aleyhe de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n derh\u00e2l uygulanma ilkesine tabidir. Nitekim 23\/3\/2005 tarihli ve 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununun Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Uygulama \u015eekli Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cCeza Muhakemesi Kanunu, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelerin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, kesin h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olanlar hari\u00e7, g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan b\u00fct\u00fcn soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalarda uygulan\u0131r.\u201d denilmekle bu ilke vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
83. Ceza muhakemesinde birden fazla hukuki i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Derh\u00e2l uygulanma ilkesinin bir sonucu olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan kanuna g\u00f6re tamamlanm\u0131\u015f muhakeme i\u015flemleri yeni kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirmeyece\u011fi gibi yeni kanuna g\u00f6re tekrarlanmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle yeni kanun ancak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihte hen\u00fcz ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f ya da devam etmekte olan muhakeme i\u015flemleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanabilecektir (benzer y\u00f6nde de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu, E.2023\/9-586, K.2024\/93, 21\/2\/2024).<\/p>\n
84. \u015eik\u00e2yet, ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin yetkili merciye ba\u015fvurarak su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden belli bir fiil dolay\u0131s\u0131yla soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki irade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r. Ceza davas\u0131n\u0131n kamusall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesi gere\u011fince kural olarak adli makamlar\u0131n su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesini \u00f6\u011frenmeleri ile birlikte kendili\u011finden soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131 gerekir. Bununla birlikte kanun koyucu; su\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamu d\u00fczeni a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi, \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fi gibi unsurlar\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek do\u011frudan takip edilmesi gereken su\u00e7larla soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rabilir (baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte AYM, E.2019\/2, K.2020\/28, 11\/6\/2020, \u00a7 29).<\/p>\n
85. Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir d\u00fczenlemenin maddi ceza hukuku ya da usul hukuku normu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemati\u011fin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ancak anayasal ilkelerin uygulanmas\u0131nda bu durum tek ba\u015f\u0131na belirleyici bir rol oynamamaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda \u015fik\u00e2yet kurumu da genel olarak maddi ceza hukuku normlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Takibi \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7larda \u015fik\u00e2yetin yoklu\u011fu failin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n aksi y\u00f6nde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler de olmakla birlikte genel kabul s\u00f6z konusu kurumun maddi ceza hukuku kapsam\u0131nda yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir usul hukuku kurumu oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Zira s\u00f6z konusu kurumun bir fiilin su\u00e7 olarak tespit edilmesine herhangi bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olmamakta ancak su\u00e7 olarak kabul edilen bir fiilin soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131na dolay\u0131s\u0131yla muhakeme i\u015flemlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine do\u011frudan etkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla \u015fik\u00e2yetin muhakeme \u015fart\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
86. \u0130tiraz konusu kural kapsam\u0131nda an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 73. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 14. maddesiyle eklenen d\u00fczenlemenin s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalarda uygulanmamas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanm\u0131\u015f muhakeme i\u015flemlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na etki eden bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle kural, usul hukukundaki derh\u00e2l uygulanma ilkesine uygun olarak devam eden soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla usul\u00fcne uygun olan \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin do\u011furdu\u011fu hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019la yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nce \u015fik\u00e2yet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f olan ki\u015filerin bu muhakeme i\u015fleminden kaynakl\u0131 haklar\u0131 korunmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan s\u00f6z konusu \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131na veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131na muhatap olan ki\u015filer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden usul\u00fcne uygun olarak yap\u0131lan \u015fik\u00e2yetin muhtemel etki ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli derecede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir oldu\u011fu da ortadad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kuralda hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hukuk devleti ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
87. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10., 13., 19., 36. ve 38. maddeleri ile ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
a. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
88. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 253. maddesinde uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kurumu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheli ile ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi ya da \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fisinin uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nan su\u00e7lar say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer kanunlarda yer alan su\u00e7larla ilgili olarak uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gidilebilmesi i\u00e7in kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
89. (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olsa bile belirli su\u00e7larda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gidilemeyece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7larda ve \u0131srarl\u0131 takip su\u00e7unda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kurumu uygulanmayacakt\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra an\u0131lan c\u00fcmlede 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 16. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle i\u015flenen hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda da uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gidilemeyece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
90. (4) ila (25) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralarda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re su\u00e7un uzla\u015ft\u0131rmaya t\u00e2bi olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde dosya uzla\u015ft\u0131rma b\u00fcrosuna g\u00f6nderilir. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma b\u00fcrosu taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, san\u0131k ile ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rene uzla\u015fma teklifinde bulunur. San\u0131k, ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rene uzla\u015fma teklifinde bulunulmas\u0131ndan itibaren bu ki\u015filerin yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde karar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmemeleri durumunda teklifi reddettikleri kabul edilir.<\/p>\n
91. (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada uzla\u015fma teklifinde bulunulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde taraflara uzla\u015fman\u0131n mahiyeti ve uzla\u015fmay\u0131 kabul veya reddetmelerinin hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. (17) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, uzla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise h\u00e2kim, uzla\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradelerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve edimin hukuka uygun oldu\u011funu belirlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
92. (19) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krada uzla\u015fman\u0131n soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve \u015f\u00fcphelinin edimini defaten yerine getirmesi h\u00e2linde \u015f\u00fcpheli hakk\u0131nda kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 verilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan f\u0131krada ayr\u0131ca edimin yerine getirilmesinin ileri tarihe b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, takside ba\u011flanmas\u0131 veya s\u00fcreklilik arz etmesi h\u00e2linde 171. maddedeki \u015fartlar aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheli hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi karar\u0131 verilece\u011fi, erteleme s\u00fcresince zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemeyece\u011fi, kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi karar\u0131ndan sonra uzla\u015fman\u0131n gereklerinin yerine getirilmemesi h\u00e2linde yeniden kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesi \u015fart\u0131 aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheli hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. F\u0131kran\u0131n devam\u0131nda ise uzla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren uzla\u015fma an\u0131nda tespit edilemeyen veya uzla\u015fmadan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zararlar hari\u00e7 soru\u015fturma konusu su\u00e7 nedeniyle tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131; a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan davadan ise feragat edilmi\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphelinin edimini yerine getirmemesi h\u00e2linde uzla\u015fma raporu veya belgesinin 9\/6\/1932 tarihli ve 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 38. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 ilam mahiyetini haiz belgelerden say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
93. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 254. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin uygulanmas\u0131 ve uzla\u015fma sa\u011flanarak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n edimini defaten yerine getirmesi h\u00e2linde ise davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi karar\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
94. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 253. maddesinde 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 16. maddesiyle yap\u0131lan ibare de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle i\u015flenen hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 75. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin (2) numaral\u0131 alt bendiyle \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
95. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin dava ve itiraz konusu (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 253. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 75. maddesinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler uygulanmayacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu soru\u015fturmalar ve kovu\u015fturmalar 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 253. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
96. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalarda ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle i\u015flenen hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uzla\u015ft\u0131rma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanacak olup bu su\u00e7lar hakk\u0131nda \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
97. Bununla birlikte kuralda 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalarda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 75. maddesinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin de uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden s\u00f6z konusu dosyalarda uzla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de uygulanamayacak, muhakemeye genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re devam edilecektir.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130tirazlar\u0131n ve \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7eleri<\/p>\n
98. Ba\u015fvuru kararlar\u0131nda ve dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; sonradan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren ve hakaret su\u00e7unun ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2li ile bu surette i\u015flenen nitelikli hallerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na alan kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin an\u0131lan su\u00e7ta uzla\u015ft\u0131rma uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re failin lehine oldu\u011fu ancak itiraz ve dava konusu kural uyar\u0131nca failin lehine olan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun davalar\u0131n makul s\u00fcrede bitirilmesi gereklili\u011fi, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ile hukuk devleti ve su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 tarihte su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen failler hakk\u0131nda farkl\u0131 uygulamalara neden olan bu durumun kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesini de ihlal etti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 10., 13., 19., 36., 38. ve 141. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
99. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKimse, i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan kanunun su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiilden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz; kimseye su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi zaman kanunda o su\u00e7 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f olan cezadan daha a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza verilemez\u201d denilerek su\u00e7un kanunili\u011fi; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da \u201cCeza ve ceza yerine ge\u00e7en g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri ancak kanunla konulur\u201d denilerek cezan\u0131n kanunili\u011fi ilkesi g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde yer alan su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca hangi fiillerin yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve bu yasak fiillere verilecek cezalar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belli olarak kanunda g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir. Ki\u015filerin yasak fiilleri \u00f6nceden bilmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine dayanan bu ilkeyle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
100. Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde de yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu ilke T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin \u201cKanunsuz ceza olmaz\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 7. maddesinin birinci paragraf\u0131nda \u201cHi\u00e7 kimse, i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman ulusal veya uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmayan bir eylem veya ihmalden dolay\u0131 su\u00e7lu bulunamaz. Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi s\u0131rada uygulanabilir olan cezadan daha a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza verilemez.\u201d \u015feklinde; Meden\u00ee ve Siyas\u00ee Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 15. maddesinin birinci paragraf\u0131nda ise \u201cHi\u00e7 kimse, i\u015flendi\u011fi zamanda ulusal ya da uluslararas\u0131 hukuk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan su\u00e7 say\u0131lmayan bir fiil ya da ihmal y\u00fcz\u00fcnden su\u00e7lu say\u0131lamaz. Su\u00e7 say\u0131lan bir fiile, i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan bir cezadan daha a\u011f\u0131r ceza verilemez. Fiilin i\u015flenmesinden sonra yasalarda bu fiile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k daha hafif bir ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclecek olursa, fiili i\u015fleyene bu ikinci ceza uygulan\u0131r.\u201d bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
101. Sonradan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren lehe kanunun \u00f6nceki su\u00e7 konusu fiillere uygulanmas\u0131 meselesi, Anayasa Mahkemesinin 11\/4\/2019 tarihli ve E.2019\/9, K.2019\/27 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinde yer alan kanunilik ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan karara g\u00f6re su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde ifade edilen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin kural\u0131n su\u00e7 ve cezalar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemesi olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi, cezaland\u0131rman\u0131n temel haklara etkisinden kaynaklanan \u00f6zel \u00f6nemi nedeniyle zaman i\u00e7inde bir ceza hukuku kavram\u0131 olarak alt ilkeler de i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2019\/9, K.2019\/27, 11\/4\/2019, \u00a7 15).<\/p>\n
102. Bu ba\u011flamda toplumun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re su\u00e7 say\u0131lan fiiller i\u00e7in uygulanacak cezalar, nitelik ve nicelik olarak zamanla de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir. Su\u00e7 tarihinden sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kanunla bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in daha hafif bir ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi daha a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza da belirlenebilir. Hukuki belirlili\u011fin ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011finin gere\u011fi olarak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026kimseye su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi zaman kanunda o su\u00e7 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f olan cezadan daha a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza verilemez\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcyle aleyhe kanunun ge\u00e7mi\u015fe uygulanmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ceza normlar\u0131n\u0131n zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyici nitelikteki bu kural kanunilik ilkesinin bir alt ilkesi olan aleyhe kanunun ge\u00e7mi\u015fe uygulanmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu yasak ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc lehine kabul edilmi\u015f bir g\u00fcvence niteli\u011findedir (AYM, E.2019\/9, K.2019\/27, 11\/4\/2019, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
103. Su\u00e7 tarihinden sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren bir kanunun ayn\u0131 fiili su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 veya ayn\u0131 su\u00e7 i\u00e7in daha hafif bir ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda ise di\u011fer bir alt ilke olan lehe kanunun uygulanmas\u0131 ilkesi g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir. Sonraki kanunun fiili su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 veya daha hafif bir ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesi durumunda lehe kanundan s\u00f6z edilir. Aleyhe kanunun ge\u00e7mi\u015fe uygulanmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak lehe kanunun uygulanmas\u0131 ilkesine ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fckme Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte ayn\u0131 maddede su\u00e7 i\u00e7in mutlaka fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cezan\u0131n verilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir kural da bulunmamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/9, K.2019\/27, 11\/4\/2019, \u00a7 17).<\/p>\n
104. Fiilin i\u015flenmesinden h\u00fckm\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesine kadar ge\u00e7en ceza muhakemesi s\u00fcrecinde bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan ve daha sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kanun olmak \u00fczere uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn birden fazla kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu olabilmektedir. Su\u00e7 nedeniyle ba\u015fta h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 cezalar olmak \u00fczere uygulanan \u00e7e\u015fitli ceza ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan Anayasa cezay\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ran kanunun, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihinden \u00f6nce i\u015flenmi\u015f su\u00e7lara uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hukuki belirlili\u011fin ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011finin bir sonucu olan bu yasak, ayn\u0131 zamanda su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihteki kanuna g\u00f6re lehe olan sonraki kanunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 da gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zira i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihte su\u00e7 say\u0131lan bir fiilin daha sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kanun ile su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ilga edilen kanuna nazaran an\u0131lan su\u00e7 fiiline daha hafif bir ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi durumunda m\u00fclga kanunun aleyhe h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmaya devam edilece\u011finin kabul edilmesi, su\u00e7lar\u0131n ve cezalar\u0131n ancak kanunla belirlenece\u011fini emreden su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131n kanunili\u011fi ilkesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bireylerin objektif olarak beklemeyecekleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6remeyecekleri bir ceza ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furacakt\u0131r. Bunun ceza hukuku alan\u0131nda ki\u015filerin hukuki g\u00fcvenliklerini anayasal g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinen su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131n kanunili\u011fi ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir (AYM, E.2019\/9, K.2019\/27, 11\/4\/2019, \u00a7 18).<\/p>\n
105. \u00d6te yandan lehe ceza kanununun ge\u00e7mi\u015fe uygulanmas\u0131 hukuk devletiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak adalet ve hakkaniyet ilkelerinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Geli\u015fen sosyal d\u00fczen ve de\u011fi\u015fen toplumsal ihtiya\u00e7lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131k su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen veya daha hafif ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir fiilin yaln\u0131zca daha \u00f6nce i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle daha a\u011f\u0131r bir yapt\u0131r\u0131ma tabi tutulmas\u0131 adalet ve hakkaniyet ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/9, K.2019\/27, 11\/4\/2019, \u00a7 19).<\/p>\n
106. An\u0131lan hususlar birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda lehe kanunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda anayasal bir zorunluluk oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/9, K.2019\/27, 11\/4\/2019, \u00a7 20).<\/p>\n
107. \u0130tiraz ve dava konusu kural, ceza hukuku ba\u011flam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirici ve ge\u00e7ici ceza normudur. Kural, bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de\u011fi\u015fen kanunla yeni kanun aras\u0131nda uyum sa\u011flamay\u0131 di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ise ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 gidermeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
108. \u015e\u00fcphesiz hukuk devletinde cezai uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda hangi su\u00e7larda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma ya da \u00f6n\u00f6deme \u015feklindeki alternatif uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunun uygulanaca\u011f\u0131, bu y\u00f6ntemlerden hangisine \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 kanun koyucunun takdirindedir. Kanun koyucunun bu konudaki tercih ve takdirinin yerindeli\u011finin incelenmesi anayasal denetimin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
109. Bununla birlikte fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihten sonra de\u011fi\u015fen kanun sebebiyle ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fckm\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131n anayasal g\u00fcvencelere uygun olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ba\u011flamda ilk olarak kuralda yer alan kurumlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
110. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kurumu, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarg\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yolla fakat adli makamlar denetiminde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesini ama\u00e7layan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma; i\u015flendi\u011fi konusunda yeterli \u015f\u00fcphe bulunan ve kapsam\u0131na giren su\u00e7larda, fail ve ma\u011fdurun su\u00e7tan do\u011fan zarar\u0131n giderilmesi konusunda anla\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak devletin de ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mesi ve su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle bozulan toplumsal d\u00fczenin bar\u0131\u015f yoluyla yeniden tesisini sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte bir hukuksal kurumdur. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma ile \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7un sorumlulu\u011funu kabul edip \u00fcstlenerek su\u00e7un sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da gidermek suretiyle toplumla yeniden b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131 elde etmekte, ayr\u0131ca devlet, yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulamak y\u00f6n\u00fcnden katlanaca\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok masraftan da kurtulmu\u015f olmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2013\/20, K.2013\/50, 3\/4\/2013; E.2018\/101, K.2019\/3, 13\/2\/2019, \u00a7 8).<\/p>\n
111. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00f6n\u00f6deme kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma a\u015famalar\u0131nda fail hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini ya da a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flamalar\u0131 nedeniyle benzer bir fonksiyona sahip olduklar\u0131, bu ba\u011flamda fail ile devlet aras\u0131ndaki cezaland\u0131rma ili\u015fkisine son verdikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla s\u00f6z konusu kurumlar nitelik olarak hem usule hem maddi ceza hukukuna ili\u015fkin \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r (an\u0131lan kurumlar\u0131n hukuki niteliklerine ili\u015fkin benzer y\u00f6nde de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Ceza B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Genel Kurulu, E.1983\/2, K.1983\/2, 11\/4\/1983; Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu, E.2021\/12-383, K.2024\/330, 6\/11\/2024).<\/p>\n
112. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu kurumlar\u0131n su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesine tabi olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle su\u00e7 tarihinden sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kanun uyar\u0131nca uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndaki bir su\u00e7un \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde hangi kurumun failin lehine oldu\u011fu tespit edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
113. Onar\u0131c\u0131 adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayanan uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kurumunda temelde ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin tatmin edilmesi ve zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanabilmesi yaln\u0131zca failin iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin de -bu ki\u015filerin birden fazla olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde tamam\u0131n\u0131n- uzla\u015fmay\u0131 kabul etmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
114. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00f6deme kurumunda ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin iradesi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6n\u00f6demede fail ile ma\u011fdur muhatap olmamakta, kurumun uygulanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde s\u00f6z konusu taraflar aras\u0131nda herhangi bir m\u00fczakere ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemektedir. Failin soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda ise mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00f6n\u00f6deme \u00f6nerisini kabul etmesi gerekli ve yeterlidir. \u00d6n\u00f6deme usul\u00fc kapsam\u0131ndaki bir su\u00e7ta s\u00f6z konusu usul\u00fcn uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda yarg\u0131 makamlar\u0131n\u0131n takdir yetkisi de bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
115. Di\u011fer yandan uzla\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fcnde maddi bir edim olmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakla birlikte, edimin belirlenmesinde taraflar\u0131n iradesi \u00f6n planda olup edimin t\u00fcr\u00fc ve miktar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da herhangi bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de yer almamaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle uzla\u015ft\u0131rmada \u015f\u00fcpheli ya da san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerine getirece\u011fi edimin kanunda \u00f6n\u00f6deme i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza miktar\u0131ndan daha fazla olmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak \u00f6n\u00f6demede 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 75. maddesindeki hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n her bir g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan miktar ile adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131n maktu ya da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenen miktar\u0131n soru\u015fturma giderleri ile birlikte \u00f6denmesi durumunda s\u00f6z konusu kurumun uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
116. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir su\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n uzla\u015ft\u0131rma h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131na g\u00f6re failin lehine oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
117. Dava ve itiraz konusu kuralda 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalarda ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle i\u015flenen hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u00f6deme usul\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131, bu dosyalar\u0131n uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kurumu uygulanarak sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz kanun koyucu de\u011fi\u015fiklik tarihi itibar\u0131yla uzla\u015fma sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f dosyalarda yeniden \u00f6n\u00f6deme usul\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmamas\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu uzla\u015fman\u0131n ge\u00e7erli kabul edilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilir. Nitekim kurala ili\u015fkin gerek\u00e7ede de bu husus \u201c\u2026uzla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 125 inci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen hakaret su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin dosyalar, bu su\u00e7un uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyecek ve 253 \u00fcnc\u00fc madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n kural\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde \u201c\u2026soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresinde olup da bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla uzla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanacakt\u0131r.\u201d denilmekle birlikte kural\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f dosyalarda \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
118. Bu itibarla ma\u011fduru muhatap alan sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir iletiyle i\u015flenen hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kararak -maddi ceza hukukuyla da ilgisi olan ve lehe h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7eren- \u00f6n\u00f6deme kapsam\u0131na alan d\u00fczenlemelerin uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma evresinde bulunan dosyalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
119. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 13. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 13. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10., 36. ve 141. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VI. \u0130PTAL KARARININ Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RECE\u011e\u0130 G\u00dcN SORUNU<\/p>\n
120. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da bunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, iptal kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar. Gereken hallerde Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu tarih, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez\u201d denilmekte, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu kural tekrarlanarak Anayasa Mahkemesinin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde, Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
121. 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 15. maddesiyle 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 75. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine eklenen (2) numaral\u0131 alt bentte yer alan \u201c…ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentleri ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin iptal edilmesi nedeniyle do\u011facak hukuksal bo\u015fluk kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edici nitelikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince bu kurala ili\u015fkin iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
VII. Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN DURDURULMASI TALEB\u0130<\/p>\n
122. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kurallar\u0131n uygulanmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde telafisi g\u00fc\u00e7 veya imk\u00e2ns\u0131z zararlar\u0131n do\u011fabilece\u011fi belirtilerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. 18. maddesiyle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 talebinin, ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. 15. maddesiyle 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 75. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine eklenen (2) numaral\u0131 alt bentte yer alan \u201c\u2026(b) ve (c)…\u201d ibaresine y\u00f6nelik iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinin ertelenmesi nedeniyle bu ibareye ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 talebinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
27\/3\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VIII. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. 15. maddesiyle 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 75. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine eklenen (2) numaral\u0131 alt bentte yer alan \u201c…ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentleri ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. 18. maddesiyle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019na eklenen ge\u00e7ici 7. maddenin;<\/p>\n
1. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
2. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
27\/3\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 27\/3\/2025 tarihli, 2024\/197 esas – 2025\/86 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/197 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/86 Karar Tarihi : 27\/3\/2025 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 29\/5\/2025-32914 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURANLAR: 1. \u0130stanbul 8. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/197) 2. Ankara 27. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/199) 3. \u0130stanbul 64. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/200) 4. \u0130stanbul 9. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/204) 5. Adana 26. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/207) 6. \u0130stanbul 13. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/212) 7. Ankara 27. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/213) 8. Adana 26. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/222) 9. K\u0131r\u0131kkale 8. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/228) 10. \u0130zmir 1. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2024\/239) 11. Osmaniye 13. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2025\/1) 12. Yalova 7. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2025\/9, 2025\/10) 13. Mu\u011fla 2. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (E.2025\/25) 14. Erzincan 1. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (2025\/26) 15. Kayseri B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 6. Ceza Dairesi (2025\/37) \u0130PTAL DAVASINI A\u00c7AN: T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcyeleri Murat EM\u0130R, G\u00f6khan G\u00dcNAYDIN, Ali Mahir BA\u015eARIR ile birlikte 129 milletvekili (E.2025\/6) \u0130T\u0130RAZLARIN VE DAVANIN KONUSU: 7\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un; A. 15. maddesiyle 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 75. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine eklenen (2) numaral\u0131 alt bentte yer alan \u201c…ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (c) bentleri ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131…\u201d …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n