T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay <\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulu<\/p>\n
2017\/3117 E., 2018\/1278 K.<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
MAHKEMES\u0130 :Aile Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cvelayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda \u0130stanbul Anadolu 6. Aile Mahkemesince davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen 24.11.2015 g\u00fcn ve 2014\/1048 E., 2015\/955 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n taraf vekillerince temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesinin 27.09.2016 g\u00fcn ve 2016\/4059 E., 2016\/13211 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile:<\/p>\n
“…Velayetinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talep edilen m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 3 ve 6., Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 12. maddesi idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kendilerini ilgilendiren konularda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine gereken \u00f6nemin verilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Velayet d\u00fczenlemesinde as\u0131l olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yarar\u0131d\u0131r ve bu d\u00fczenlemede ana ve baban\u0131n yarar\u0131 ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin aksine karar verilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayeti konusunda mahkemece g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek sonucuna g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekirken, bu konuda eksik incelemeyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir…”<\/p>\n
gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki belgeler okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:
\nDava, velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131 vekili, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, daval\u0131 baban\u0131n, annenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ger\u00e7e\u011fe ve hayat\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 iftiralar\u0131 nedeniyle m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin babaya verildi\u011fini, babas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekinen ve korkan \u00e7ocu\u011fun “annem beni d\u00f6vd\u00fc” \u015feklinde beyanda bulundu\u011funu, bu hususun aksinin okulda tutulan “tutanakt\u0131r” adl\u0131 belge ile ispatland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, baban\u0131n \u00e7ocukla ilgilenmedi\u011fini, \u00e7ocu\u011fun okul d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki zaman\u0131n\u0131 internet kafede ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini, m\u00fcvekkilinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131 ile ilgilendi\u011fini, \u00e7ocu\u011fun da m\u00fcvekkilinin yan\u0131nda kalmak istedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek, babada olan velayetin kald\u0131r\u0131larak m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin m\u00fcvekkiline verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131 vekili, davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu olumsuz etkileyecek bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ba\u015fka erkeklerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u015fiddet uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sabit bir ikametg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fa sigara i\u00e7irerek bu \u015fekilde foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fini, oje, far gibi \u015feyler s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda al\u0131nan raporlarda da velayetin babaya verilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirildi\u011fini, m\u00fcvekkilinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitimiyle yeterli derecede ilgilendi\u011fini belirterek, davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Yerel Mahkemece, somut olayda daval\u0131n\u0131n velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmedi\u011fi veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131n\u0131n (TMK. m. 348) kan\u0131tlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini hakl\u0131 k\u0131lacak nedenler de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Taraf vekillerinin temyizi \u00fczerine karar, \u00d6zel Dairece yukar\u0131da ba\u015fl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan gerek\u00e7eyle bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Yerel mahkemece, Yarg\u0131tay bozma karar\u0131nda at\u0131f yap\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a benimsendi\u011fi \u00fczere, idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n tercihlerinin velayet d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken mutlaka de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, mahkemece de bu hususun dikkate al\u0131narak uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ocukla \u00fc\u00e7 kez g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ayr\u0131ca taraflarla ve Efe’nin \u00f6\u011fretmenleri ile de detayl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her iki taraf\u0131n evlerinde ve okul ortam\u0131nda incelemelerde de bulunuldu\u011fu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun sadece babas\u0131n\u0131 ya da annesini tercih etti\u011fine dair bir anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava tarihinde 8 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in adliyeler ve duru\u015fma salonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok da uygun yerler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun duru\u015fma salonuna getirtilerek de\u011fil de; \u00e7ocuklara uygun dizayn edilmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme odalar\u0131nda ve bu konuda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f mahkeme uzman pedegogu taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek, velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Direnme karar\u0131 davac\u0131 anne vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k: 26.01.2006 do\u011fumlu m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayeti konusunda mahkeme huzurunda bizzat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi, burada var\u0131lacak sonuca g\u00f6re uzman taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan beyan\u0131n yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.
\n4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 337, 340, 342 ve 346. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca velayet, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m, e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim ve korunmas\u0131 ile temsil g\u00f6revlerini kapsar.
\nVelayet, ayn\u0131 zamanda ana baban\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerine ve mallar\u0131na ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131, \u00f6devleri, yetkileri ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Ana ve baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerine ili\u015fkin hak ve \u00f6devleri, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na bakmak, onlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6zetmek, ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak, yeti\u015ftirilmelerini ve e\u011fitimlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir. Bu ba\u011flamda sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim ile istenilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fcr\u00fcst, k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klardan uzak, iyi ahl\u00e2k sahibi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve bilgili bir insan olarak yeti\u015ftirmek hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Velayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u015fartlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedik\u00e7e, ana ve baban\u0131n velayet g\u00f6revlerine m\u00fcdahale olunamaz.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve bo\u015fanma durumunda velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesindeki ama\u00e7, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck yararlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesinde as\u0131l olan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve gelece\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, TMK’n\u0131n 335 ila 351. maddeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen \u201cvelayet\u201de ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler kural olarak, kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkindir ve velayete ili\u015fkin davalarda resen (kendili\u011finden) ara\u015ft\u0131rma ilkesi uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan h\u00e2kim, taraflar\u0131n iste\u011fi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik istem incelenirken ebeveynlerin istek ve tercihlerinden ziyade \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur.<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 14.06.2017 g\u00fcn ve 2017\/2-1887 E., 2017\/1196 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesinin kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu, usul\u00fc kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hak ilkesinin istisnas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu benimsenerek ayn\u0131 ilkelere vurgu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer taraftan, 20 Kas\u0131m 1989 tarihinde Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulunda onaylanarak 02 Eyl\u00fcl 1990 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nce de kabul edilip, 27 Ocak 1995 g\u00fcn ve 22184 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 12. maddesi:<\/p>\n
\u201cTaraf Devletler, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fine sahip \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendini ilgilendiren her konuda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini serbest\u00e7e ifade etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 ve olgunluk derecesine uygun olarak, gereken \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmek suretiyle tan\u0131rlar. Bu ama\u00e7la, \u00e7ocu\u011fu etkileyen herhangi bir adli veya idari kovu\u015fturmada \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya do\u011frudan do\u011fruya veya bir temsilci ya da uygun bir makam yoluyla dinlenilmesi f\u0131rsat\u0131, ulusal yasan\u0131n usule ili\u015fkin kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak \u00e7ocu\u011fa, \u00f6zellikle sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin:<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocu\u011fun usule ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131ndan, davalarda bilgilendirilme ve dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 3. maddesinde ise:
\n\u201c\u2026Yeterli idrake sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7 hukuk taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun, bir adli merci \u00f6n\u00fcndeki, kendisini ilgilendiren davalarda, yararlanmay\u0131 bizzat da talep edebilece\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lan haklar verilir:<\/p>\n
a)\u0130lgili t\u00fcm bilgileri almak;<\/p>\n
b)Kendisine dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmak ve kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmek;<\/p>\n
c)G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ve her t\u00fcr karar\u0131n olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bilgilendirilmek.\u201d ;<\/p>\n
Adli mercilerin rol\u00fcnden, karar s\u00fcrecinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 6. maddede (b) ve (c) bentlerinde ise:<\/p>\n
\u201cb)\u2026\u00c7ocu\u011fun i\u00e7 hukuk taraf\u0131ndan yeterli idrak g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011funun kabul edildi\u011fi durumlarda,\u2026\u00e7ocu\u011fun y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ters d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi takdirde,gerekirse kendine veya di\u011fer \u015fah\u0131s ve kurumlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli durumlarda ve onun kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun bir tarzda \u00e7ocu\u011fa dan\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n-\u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmesine m\u00fcsaade etmelidir.<\/p>\n
c)\u00c7ocu\u011fun ifade etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe gereken \u00f6nemi vermelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
d\u00fczenlemesi yer almaktad\u0131r.
\nVelayetin anne ya da babaya verilmesi, daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ocu\u011fu ilgilendiren, onun menfaatine ili\u015fkin bir husus oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, gerek yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 12. ve \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 3. ve 6. maddelerinde yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmler, gerekse velayete ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenlemeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, velayeti d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7ocu\u011fun, idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 halinde, kendisini yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren bu konuda ona dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Somut olayda da, velayetinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talep edilen m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk Efe, dava tarihinde 8, karar tarihinde 10, bozma karar\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi tarihte ise 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda olup, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk davan\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131nda idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130drak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olan m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda hem annesi hem de babas\u0131 ile olmak istedi\u011fini ifade etti\u011fi, herhangi bir tercihte bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. 17.06.2015 tarihli raporun sonu\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kendi arzu ve isteklerini belirleyebilecek, bunlar\u0131 ifade edebilecek olgunlukta oldu\u011fu, bu nedenle \u00e7ocu\u011fun beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca dosya i\u00e7erisinde bulunan ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun devam etti\u011fi okulda g\u00f6revli olan rehber \u00f6\u011fretmen taraf\u0131ndan tutulan 01.06.2015 tarihli raporda da, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn i\u00e7e d\u00f6n\u00fck ve dalg\u0131n oldu\u011fu, konu\u015furken bacaklar\u0131n\u0131 sallad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sorulan sorulara “h\u0131 h\u0131” gibi net olmayan, kolayca de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilen \u00e7eli\u015fkili cevaplar verdi\u011fi hususlar\u0131 dile getirilmi\u015ftir. Kald\u0131 ki, dava tarihinden itibaren k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ya\u015famak istedi\u011fi ortam\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesine imk\u00e2n verecek, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla velayeti konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uzun s\u00fcre ge\u00e7ti\u011fi de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f; yeterli idrak g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu kabul edilen \u00e7ocu\u011fa, kendisini do\u011frudan ilgilendiren velayet konusunda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131larak, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc gerek\u00e7eleriyle birlikte ifade etme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131nx sa\u011flanmas\u0131; ifade edece\u011fi bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi takdirde, buna \u00f6nem verilerek sonucuna g\u00f6re bir karar verilmesi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
O h\u00e2lde, ayn\u0131 hususlara i\u015faret eden ve Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S O N U \u00c7 : Davac\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun Ge\u00e7ici 3. maddesine g\u00f6re uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 429. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, istek halinde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 440. maddesi uyar\u0131nca tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren on be\u015f i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere 27.06.2018 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oy birli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay <\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulu<\/p>\n
2017\/1567 E., 2018\/1132 K.<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
MAHKEMES\u0130 :Aile Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cvelayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda Kayseri 6. Aile Mahkemesince davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne dair verilen 06.10.2015 g\u00fcn ve 2015\/367 E., 2015\/701 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar daval\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesinin 14.12.2015 g\u00fcn ve 2015\/24182 E., 2015\/23964 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile:<\/p>\n
“..Taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm, 25.11.2005 tarihinde kesinle\u015fmi\u015f, eldeki dava ise, 22.05.2015 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bo\u015fanma karar\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi ile eldeki davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektiren bir durum, olay, hal ve \u015fartlarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik iddia ve ispat edilemedi\u011fi gibi, sosyal inceleme raporunda da velayetin annede kalmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, \u00e7ocuk s\u00fcrekli anne yan\u0131nda kal\u0131p kurulu bir d\u00fczeni bulunmaktad\u0131r. Annenin velayet g\u00f6revini gere\u011fi gibi yerine getirmedi\u011fi, \u00e7ocu\u011fa yeterli ilgiyi g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi, ona kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini a\u011f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde savsaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat edilemedi\u011fine g\u00f6re, davan\u0131n reddine karar verilecek yerde yetersiz gerek\u00e7e ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi do\u011fru bulunmam\u0131\u015f, h\u00fckm\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir…”
\ngerek\u00e7esiyle oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek temyiz dilek\u00e7esinin s\u00fcresinde verildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki belgeler okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
Dava velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131, daval\u0131 ile bo\u015fand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bo\u015fanma tarihinde m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin anneye verildi\u011fini, \u00e7ocu\u011funun art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve kendisi ile ya\u015famak istedi\u011fini, ekonomik y\u00f6nden daha iyi durumda oldu\u011funu, daval\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ocukla da ilgilenmedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek velayetinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131 vekili, davac\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fine ve \u00e7ocu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 ilgisiz davranmas\u0131, maddi ve manevi katk\u0131s\u0131 olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, o tarihten itibaren de baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmedi\u011fini, davac\u0131n\u0131n sorumluluk sahibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcvekkilinin ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitimi ve ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gayet iyi oldu\u011funu, on y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7ocu\u011fu ile ilgilenmeyen baban\u0131n dava a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n iyi niyetli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece, sosyal inceleme raporunda m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin annede kalmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirilmi\u015f ise de dinlenen tan\u0131k beyan\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun duru\u015fmada ve sosyal inceleme raporunda babas\u0131 ile ya\u015famak istedi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tercihi ile \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 3. ve 6. maddeleri ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 12. maddesi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk Abdulkadir’in idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, b\u00f6ylelikle beyan\u0131na itibar edilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilerek davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131 anne vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine karar, \u00d6zel Dairece yukar\u0131da ba\u015fl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7e ile oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece \u00f6nceki gerek\u00e7elerle direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f, karar daval\u0131 (anne) vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k: velayeti daval\u0131 annede olan 01.01.2002 do\u011fumlu m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk hakk\u0131nda velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, burada var\u0131lacak sonuca g\u00f6re velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek babaya verilmesinin do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun (TMK) 339-347. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca vel\u00e2yet, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m, e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim ve korunmas\u0131 ile temsil g\u00f6revlerini kapsar.<\/p>\n
Velayet, ayn\u0131 zamanda ana baban\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerine ve mallar\u0131na ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131, \u00f6devleri, yetkileri ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Ana ve baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerine ili\u015fkin hak ve \u00f6devleri, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklara bakmak, onlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6zetmek, ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak, yeti\u015ftirilmelerini ve e\u011fitimlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir. Bu ba\u011flamda sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim ile \u00e7ocu\u011fu istenilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fcr\u00fcst, k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klardan uzak, iyi ahl\u00e2k sahibi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve bilgili bir insan olarak yeti\u015ftirmek hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve bo\u015fanma durumunda velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesindeki ama\u00e7, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck yararlar\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesinde as\u0131l olan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve gelece\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Velayet, kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup, bu hususta anne ile baban\u0131n istek ve beyanlar\u0131ndan ziyade \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatlerinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n
Velayetin anne ya da babaya verilmesi, daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ocu\u011fu ilgilendiren, onun menfaatine ili\u015fkin bir husus oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, gerek Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 12. ve \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 3. ve 6.maddelerinde yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmler, gerekse velayete ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenlemeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, velayeti d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7ocu\u011fun, idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, tercihi onun aleyhine bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayacaksa, kendisini yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren bu konuda ona dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Nitekim, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 12. maddesi:<\/p>\n
\u201cTaraf Devletler, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fine sahip \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendini ilgilendiren her konuda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini serbest\u00e7e ifade etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 ve olgunluk derecesine uygun olarak, gereken \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmek suretiyle tan\u0131rlar. Bu ama\u00e7la, \u00e7ocu\u011fu etkileyen herhangi bir adli veya idari kovu\u015fturmada \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya do\u011frudan do\u011fruya veya bir temsilci ya da uygun bir makam yoluyla dinlenilmesi f\u0131rsat\u0131, ulusal yasan\u0131n usule ili\u015fkin kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak \u00e7ocu\u011fa, \u00f6zellikle sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer taraftan, \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin:<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocu\u011fun usule ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131ndan, davalarda bilgilendirilme ve dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 3.maddesinde:
\n\u201c\u2026Yeterli idrake sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7 hukuk taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun, bir adli merci \u00f6n\u00fcndeki, kendisini ilgilendiren davalarda, yararlanmay\u0131 bizzat da talep edebilece\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lan haklar verilir:<\/p>\n
a)\u0130lgili t\u00fcm bilgileri almak;<\/p>\n
b)Kendisine dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmak ve kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmek;<\/p>\n
c)G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ve her t\u00fcr karar\u0131n olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bilgilendirilmek.\u201d;<\/p>\n
Adli mercilerin rol\u00fcnden, karar s\u00fcrecinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 6. maddenin (b) ve (c ) bentlerinde ise:<\/p>\n
\u201cb)\u2026\u00c7ocu\u011fun i\u00e7 hukuk taraf\u0131ndan yeterli idrak g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011funun kabul edildi\u011fi durumlarda,\u2026\u00e7ocu\u011fun y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ters d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi takdirde, gerekirse kendine veya di\u011fer \u015fah\u0131s ve kurumlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli durumlarda ve onun kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun bir tarzda \u00e7ocu\u011fa dan\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmesine m\u00fcsaade etmelidir.<\/p>\n
c)\u00c7ocu\u011fun ifade etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe gereken \u00f6nemi vermelidir.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yeri gelmi\u015fken belirtilmelidir ki, velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesinde as\u0131l olan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve gelece\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak oldu\u011fundan, velayetin belirlenmesi ve d\u00fczenlenmesinde \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun “\u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131” gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin aksine karar verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda, velayetin belirlenmesi ve d\u00fczenlenmesinde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun cinsiyeti, do\u011fum tarihi, e\u011fitim durumu, kimin yan\u0131nda okumakta oldu\u011fu, talepte bulunan\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitim durumu ile ilgilenip ilgilenmedi\u011fi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna g\u00f6re tedavi olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n kimin taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi gibi \u00f6zel durumuna ili\u015fkin hususlar ile ana babadan kaynaklanan \u00f6zelliklerin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, mahkemece \u00e7ocu\u011fu ba\u015fkas\u0131na b\u0131rakma, ihmal etme, ka\u00e7\u0131rma, iradi olarak terk etme, y\u00f6nlendirme hususlar\u0131 ile taraf\u0131n velayet talebinin olup olmamas\u0131, \u015fiddet uygulamas\u0131, sadakatsizli\u011fi, ekonomik durumu, mesle\u011fi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam, k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, alkol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, dengesiz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece, a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00f6zellikler yan\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olduk\u00e7a \u00e7ocu\u011fun al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemesine, karde\u015flerin ayr\u0131lmamas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmeli, velayetin verilece\u011fi taraf yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedeni, fikri, ahlaki geli\u015fmesine engel olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ciddi ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya hemen meydana gelecek tehlikenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat edilip edilemedi\u011fi ve maddi durumun iyili\u011finin tek ba\u015f\u0131na velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirmeyece\u011fi hususu da mutlaka de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Nitekim a\u00e7\u0131klanan ilkeler, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 13.10.2010 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/2-501 E. 2010\/492 K.; 23.11.2011 g\u00fcn ve 2011\/2-547 E., 2011\/695 K.; 16.03.2012 g\u00fcn ve 2011\/2-884 E. 2012\/197 K. ile 06.03.2013 g\u00fcn ve 2012\/2-794 E. 2013\/310 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Somut olayda, bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 ile velayeti anneye verilen erkek \u00e7ocuk, 01.01.2002 do\u011fumludur. Bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 25.11.2005 tarihinde kesinle\u015fmi\u015f, eldeki dava ise 22.05.2015 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dosyada dinlenen daval\u0131 … beyan\u0131nda; \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne yan\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te baban\u0131n yard\u0131m etmedi\u011fini, annenin yeniden evlendi\u011fini, annenin yeni e\u015finin de \u00e7ocu\u011fa k\u00f6t\u00fc bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk duru\u015fmada ve uzman taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan beyanlar\u0131nda; babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok az kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayda bir babas\u0131na gitti\u011fini, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n annesi taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcvey babas\u0131n\u0131n da kendisine iyi davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, babas\u0131 evlenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in onunla kalmak istedi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bo\u015fanma karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten bu davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn daval\u0131 anne yan\u0131nda kurulu bir d\u00fczeninin bulundu\u011fu, velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine (TMK.md.349) neden olacak \u015fekilde daval\u0131 annenin bir kusurunun ya da ihmalinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sosyal inceleme raporunda da m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin daval\u0131 annede kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun y\u00fcksek yarar\u0131na olaca\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
O h\u00e2lde, ayn\u0131 hususlara i\u015faret eden ve Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S O N U \u00c7 : Daval\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ile 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun Ge\u00e7ici 3. maddesine g\u00f6re uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 429. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, istek h\u00e2linde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 440. maddesi uyar\u0131nca tebli\u011fden itibaren on be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere 23.05.2018 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oy birli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay <\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulu<\/p>\n
2013\/1926 E., 2015\/1139 K.<\/p>\n
VELAYET\u0130N DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130
\nVELAYET\u0130 ANNEDE OLAN M\u00dc\u015eTEREK \u00c7OCU\u011eUN BABASINI G\u00d6RMES\u0130N\u0130N ENGELLENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (TMK) (4721) Madde 324
\nT\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (TMK) (4721) Madde 325<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cvelayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; Ankara 6.Aile Mahkemesince davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen 26.05.2011 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/1024 E.-2011\/663 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesinin 09.04.2012 g\u00fcn ve 2011\/15511 E.-2012\/8921 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile;<\/p>\n
(…Taraflar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fu 02.07.2007 do\u011fumlu Mehmet’in velayeti bo\u015fanma karar\u0131yla annesine verilmi\u015f, karar 15.06.2009 tarihinde kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nDaval\u0131 annenin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun babayla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak engelledi\u011fi, bundan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk teslimine muhalefet etmekten yapt\u0131r\u0131m uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu suretle annenin T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 325. maddesinde yer alan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda velayetin daval\u0131 anneden al\u0131narak babaya verilmesine karar verilmesi gerekirken, iste\u011fin reddi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir…)<\/p>\n
gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle, yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:
\nDava; velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131 vekili, taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin daval\u0131 anneye verildi\u011fini, baba ile de \u015fahsi ili\u015fki tesis edildi\u011fini, davac\u0131n\u0131n iki y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7ocu\u011funu ancak icra yolu ile g\u00f6rebildi\u011fini, daval\u0131n\u0131n velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, gerekli \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin \u00e7ocuk b\u00fcy\u00fctmeye m\u00fcsait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek; m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin daval\u0131dan al\u0131narak davac\u0131ya verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131 vekili; davac\u0131 iddialar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen as\u0131ls\u0131z oldu\u011funu, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun annesinin yan\u0131nda mutlu ve huzurlu oldu\u011funu, davac\u0131n\u0131n nafaka borcunu dahi \u00f6demedi\u011fini, \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin annede kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuk ve her iki taraf a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da yerinde oldu\u011funu belirterek; davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Yerel Mahkemece, davac\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk ile sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fki geli\u015ftirmeden \u00e7ok, daval\u0131 ile \u00e7eki\u015fmesini devam ettirdi\u011fi, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne yan\u0131nda mutlu oldu\u011fu, bak\u0131m ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 anne taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 nazara al\u0131narak anne yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha yerinde olaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle, davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen karar; davac\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine; \u00d6zel Daire taraf\u0131ndan yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle bozulmu\u015f, Mahkemece bozma \u00f6ncesi gerek\u00e7elerle direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Direnme karar\u0131 davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, velayet kendisinde olan annenin velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131, velayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirecek derecede k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlan\u0131p kan\u0131tlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu uyar\u0131nca velayet, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m, e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim ve korunmas\u0131 ile temsil g\u00f6revlerini kapsar.<\/p>\n
Velayet, ayn\u0131 zamanda ana baban\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerine ve mallar\u0131na ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131, \u00f6devleri, yetkileri ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Ana ve baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerine ili\u015fkin hak ve \u00f6devleri, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131na bakmak, onlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6zetmek, ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak, yeti\u015ftirilmelerini ve e\u011fitimlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir. Bu ba\u011flamda sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim ile istenilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fcr\u00fcst, k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klardan uzak, iyi ahlak sahibi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve bilgili bir insan olarak yeti\u015ftirmek hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve bo\u015fanma durumunda velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesindeki ama\u00e7, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck yararlar\u0131d\u0131r. E\u015f s\u00f6yleyi\u015fle, velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesinde as\u0131l olan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve gelece\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Velayet, kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup bu hususta ana ile baban\u0131n istek ve beyanlar\u0131ndan ziyade \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatlerinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n
Belirtilmelidir ki, velayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u015fartlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedik\u00e7e, ana ve baban\u0131n velayet g\u00f6revlerine m\u00fcdahale olunamaz.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 15.04.1992 g\u00fcn ve 1992\/2-140 E. 1992\/248 K. ile 22.01.2014 g\u00fcn ve 2013\/2-2085 E. 2014\/30 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, bo\u015fanma ile d\u00fczenlenen velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in velayet kendisine verilen taraf\u0131n ya da velayete konu \u00e7ocu\u011fun durumunda bo\u015fanma h\u00fckm\u00fcnden sonra esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin olmas\u0131 \u015fart olup, ayr\u0131ca esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin \u00f6nemli ve s\u00fcrekli olmas\u0131 da gerekmektedir.
\n4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK’nun konuya ili\u015fkin 324. maddesi;<\/p>\n
\u201cAna ve babadan her biri, di\u011ferinin \u00e7ocuk ile ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkisini zedelemekten, \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitilmesi ve yeti\u015ftirilmesini engellemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\nKi\u015fisel ili\u015fki sebebiyle \u00e7ocu\u011fun huzuru tehlikeye girer veya ana ve baba bu haklar\u0131n\u0131 birinci f\u0131krada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131rlar veya \u00e7ocuk ile cidd\u00ee olarak ilgilenmezler ya da di\u011fer \u00f6nemli sebepler varsa, ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurma hakk\u0131 reddedilebilir veya kendilerinden al\u0131nabilir.\u201d
\nd\u00fczenlemesini i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesinde as\u0131l olan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve gelece\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak oldu\u011fundan, \u00e7ocu\u011fun fiziksel ve ruhsal geli\u015fimini engelleyen ve s\u00fcreklilik arz edece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan her olay, tehlikenin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 onar\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar de\u011ferlendirilerek sonuca var\u0131lmal\u0131; velayetin belirlenmesi ve d\u00fczenlenmesinde \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda, \u00e7ocu\u011fun cinsiyeti, do\u011fum tarihi, e\u011fitim durumu, kimin yan\u0131nda okumakta oldu\u011fu, talepte bulunan\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitim durumu ile ilgilenip ilgilenmedi\u011fi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna g\u00f6re tedavi olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n kimin taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi gibi \u00f6zel durumuna ili\u015fkin hususlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Velayetin belirlenmesi ve d\u00fczenlenmesinde ana babadan kaynaklanan \u00f6zelliklerin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, mahkemece \u00e7ocu\u011fu ba\u015fkas\u0131na b\u0131rakma, ihmal etme, ka\u00e7\u0131rma, iradi olarak terk etme, y\u00f6nlendirme hususlar\u0131 ile taraf\u0131n velayet talebinin olup olmamas\u0131, \u015fiddet uygulamas\u0131, sadakatsizli\u011fi, ekonomik durumu, mesle\u011fi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam, k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, alkol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, dengesiz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen yasa h\u00fckm\u00fc ile dosya aras\u0131ndaki icra dosyalar\u0131 ve daval\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk teslimine muhalefet etmekten dolay\u0131 uygulanan yapt\u0131r\u0131m bir arada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, daval\u0131 annenin \u00e7ocu\u011fun babayla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak engelledi\u011fi, bundan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk teslimine muhalefet etmekten yapt\u0131r\u0131m uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu suretle T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 324. maddesinde yer alan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda daval\u0131 annenin sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen babas\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesini engelleyerek, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunun kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin daval\u0131 anneden al\u0131narak davac\u0131 babaya verilmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iddia ve savunmalar\u0131na, dosyadaki tutanak ve kan\u0131tlara, bozma karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerektirici nedenlere g\u00f6re, Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S O N U \u00c7 : Davac\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 30.maddesi ile 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici Madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429.maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, istek halinde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, 01.04.2015 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oy birli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulu<\/p>\n
2012\/799 E. , 2013\/389 K.<\/p>\n
K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcKLE \u015eAHS\u0130 \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130
\n K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN YURTDI\u015eINA \u00c7IKARTILMASI YASA\u011eI
\n VELAYET\u0130 YABANCI UYRUKLU ANNEYE VER\u0130LEN K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcK<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (TMK) (4721) Madde 2
\n T\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (TMK) (4721) Madde 182
\n T\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (TMK) (4721) Madde 324
\n T\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (TMK) (4721) Madde 325<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cvelayet ve i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; Ankara 5.Aile Mahkemesi’nce velayete ili\u015fkin as\u0131l davan\u0131n reddine ve i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kar\u015f\u0131 davan\u0131n ise kabul\u00fcne dair verilen 27.04.2010 g\u00fcn ve 2009\/427 E., 2010\/574 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n incelenmesi taraf vekilleri taraf\u0131ndan istenilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi’nin 05.07.2011 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/16826 E., 2011\/11499 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile;<\/p>\n
(…1-Dosyadaki yaz\u0131lara karar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 delillerle kanuna uygun sebeplere ve \u00f6zellikle delillerin takdirinde bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesine g\u00f6re davac\u0131-daval\u0131 baban\u0131n temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yersizdir.<\/p>\n
2-Daval\u0131-davac\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n temyiz isteminin incelenmesine gelince;<\/p>\n
Velayeti daval\u0131-davac\u0131 annede bulunan 7.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ile davac\u0131-daval\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda her hafta sonu Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 09.00’dan Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 18.00’e kadar ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla e\u011fitimini, bedeni ve fikri geli\u015fimini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyece\u011fi gibi \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 daval\u0131-davac\u0131 annenin velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine engel olu\u015fturur. A\u00e7\u0131klanan y\u00f6nler g\u00f6zetilmeden yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026)
\ngerek\u00e7esiyle h\u00fck\u00fcm velayet y\u00f6n\u00fcyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle, yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; velayet y\u00f6n\u00fcnden mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulu’nca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:
\nAs\u0131l dava, velayet; kar\u015f\u0131 dava ise, i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131 iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 (baba) vekili, m\u00fcvekkili ile daval\u0131n\u0131n evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinden d\u00fcnyaya gelen Melis’i, davac\u0131 baban\u0131n tan\u0131yarak kendi soy ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fini, Melis’in anne yan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 nedeniyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ahlaki ve di\u011fer bir \u00e7ok y\u00f6nden iyi yeti\u015fmeyece\u011fini, m\u00fcvekkilinin ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok iyi oldu\u011funu belirterek, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Melis’in velayetinin m\u00fcvekkiline verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 (anne) vekili, davac\u0131n\u0131n iddalar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, as\u0131l davan\u0131n reddi ile m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in 500,00 TL i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesini kar\u015f\u0131 dava ile talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Dosya kapsam\u0131ndan; taraflar\u0131n evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinden 07.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ad\u0131nda bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu sahibi olduklar\u0131, davac\u0131 baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu 09.06.2006 tarihinde tan\u0131yarak n\u00fcfusuna kaydettirdi\u011fi, davac\u0131 baban\u0131n daha sonra 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka bayanla evlendi\u011fi ve bu evlili\u011finden hen\u00fcz \u00e7ocu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, daval\u0131 annenin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkemece ara karar\u0131 ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk Melis ile davac\u0131 babas\u0131 aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Mahkemenin, anne yan\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131na olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uzman raporu da dikkate al\u0131narak as\u0131l davada m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin davac\u0131 babaya verilmesine y\u00f6nelik istemin reddine, ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki konusunda istemin kabul\u00fc ile; m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk 07.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis Tuncer ile davac\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda, her hafta Cumartesi sabah 09:00 Pazar ak\u015fam 18:00, dini bayramlar\u0131n ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc sabah 09:00, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn ak\u015fam 18:00, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Melis 6 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurana kadar her y\u0131l 1 Temmuz sabah 09:00, 20 Temmuz ak\u015fam 18:00, 6 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurduktan sonra 1 Temmuz sabah 09:00 – 31 Temmuz ak\u015fam 18:00, resmi bayramlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011flen 12:00 ak\u015fam 18.00 saatleri aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na; daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 (annenin) talepleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in belirlenen 500,00 TL i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131n\u0131n, karar kesinle\u015ftikten sonra da ayn\u0131 miktarda davac\u0131 babadan al\u0131narak velayeten daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 anneye \u00f6denmesine, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk Melis Tuncer’in yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karar kesinle\u015ftikten sonra da devam\u0131na dair verdi\u011fi karar\u0131n, taraf vekillerinin temyizleri \u00fczerine, \u00d6zel Daire’ce i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na ili\u015fkin k\u0131sm\u0131 onanm\u0131\u015f; ancak ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yukar\u0131da belirtilen nedenlerle h\u00fck\u00fcm bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece; \u201cher hafta \u00e7ocukla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimini olumsuz etkileyece\u011finin s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi, uzmanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk Hukuku’nda d\u00fczenlenmeyen ‘birlikte velayet taraftar\u0131 oldu\u011fu, s\u0131k ili\u015fkinin buna hizmet edece\u011fi, annenin yabanc\u0131 olup \u00e7ocu\u011fu yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir daha getirmeyebilece\u011fi\u201d gerek\u00e7eleriyle ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 davadaki i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olup, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Direnme yoluyla Hukuk Genel Kurulu’nun \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k;<\/p>\n
1-Velayeti annede bulunan 7.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ile babas\u0131 aras\u0131nda her hafta sonu Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 09.00’dan Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 18.00’e kadar ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla e\u011fitimini, bedeni ve fikri geli\u015fimini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyip etkilemeyece\u011fi;<\/p>\n
2-\u00c7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n, annenin velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine engel olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n
Burada var\u0131lacak sonuca g\u00f6re, yerel mahkemece, ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkinin d\u00fczenlenmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fcn yerinde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, noktalar\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada, yerel mahkemenin direnme gerek\u00e7elerinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a) Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede;<\/p>\n
M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne taraf\u0131ndan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi endi\u015fesiyle yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131, anneye ait olan velayet g\u00f6revini aksatmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda s\u00fcreklili\u011fi itibariyle de 1982 Anayasas\u0131’nda d\u00fczenlenen ve temel hak niteli\u011finde olan seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r (m.23).<\/p>\n
Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla belirli bir s\u00fcre ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir(m.13) .<\/p>\n
Anayasa’n\u0131n 23.maddesine g\u00f6re, ilke olarak seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrekli olarak s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ancak, \u00e7ocu\u011fun korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla tedbiren ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne (\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Temel \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin Korunmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00f6zle\u015fme’ye) Ek 4 No’lu Protokol\u00fc\u2019n (1968) \u201cbir devletin \u00fclkesi i\u00e7inde seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131lma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 2.maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; \u201cHerkes kendi \u00fclkesi dahil herhangi bir \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lmakta \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise; \u201cBu haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ulusal g\u00fcvenlik veya kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yarar\u0131na, kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131, su\u00e7un \u00f6nlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya da ahlak\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, demokratik bir toplumda gerekli ve yasaya uygun k\u0131s\u0131tlamalardan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilemez.\u201d (Harr\u0131s\/O’boyle\/Warbr\u0131ck: Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Hukuku, \u00c7evirenler:Mehve\u015f Bing\u00f6ll\u00fc K\u0131lc\u0131-Ula\u015f Karan, Y\u00fcksek Yarg\u0131 Kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa Standartlar\u0131 Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Rollerinin G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi Ortak Projesi, Avrupa Konseyi-Ankara 2013, Sahife:762) denilmek suretiyle seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Somut olayda, annesi yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke uyruklu ancak kendisi T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yasaklamay\u0131 gerektirecek yasal ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc duraksamadan uzakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b) Her hafta sonu ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede ise;<\/p>\n
Ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurma hakk\u0131, anne\/baba ile \u00e7ocu\u011fa belirli g\u00fcn ya da saatlerde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, birbirlerinden haberdar olma, birbirlerinin ya\u015fam\u0131nda olma, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkilenme yetkisi veren bir hakt\u0131r. Bu hak, anne\/baba i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in de bir hakt\u0131r (2003 tarihli \u00c7ocuklarla Ki\u015fisel \u0130li\u015fki Kurulmas\u0131na Dair Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m.4\/1). \u0130li\u015fkide anne\/babal\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131n tatmini yan\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel, fikri, ruhsal, e\u011fitsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimine y\u00f6nelik yarar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilir. Anne\/baba yarar\u0131 ile \u00e7ocuk yarar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131n\u0131r (4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu m.182\/II, 325 ve 324).<\/p>\n
Ziyaret g\u00fcnleri olarak, ebeveyn ve \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck ve sorun \u00e7\u0131karmayacak g\u00fcn ve d\u00f6nemler tercih edilir. Bu d\u00f6nemler genellikle hafta sonlar\u0131 ve tatil g\u00fcnleridir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn hafta sonlar\u0131n\u0131 velayet kendisine verilmeyen ebeveynle ge\u00e7irmesi; gerek velayete sahip taraf, gerekse \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in sak\u0131ncal\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir. Zira, tatil g\u00fcnleri ve hafta sonlar\u0131nda ki\u015fi kendini psikolojik bak\u0131mdan daha rahat ve serbest hisseder. \u00c7ocu\u011fun bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcnleri sadece bir tarafta ge\u00e7irmesi; s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnleri ise, velayeti \u00fcstlenenle ge\u00e7irmesi, velayeti \u00fcstlenenden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na, so\u011fumas\u0131na, kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa ba\u011flanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6yle bir durumda, velayeti \u00fcstlenen, \u00e7ocu\u011funa fazla zaman ay\u0131ramayabilir, e\u011fitim ve terbiye ile yeti\u015ftirme g\u00f6revini lay\u0131k\u0131yla yerine getirmesi de g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015febilir. Ayr\u0131ca, bo\u015fanma durumunda \u00e7ocuk, anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131lamakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekebilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6yleyse, ki\u015filerin zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha uygun olan ve kendilerini daha rahat hissettikleri hafta sonlar\u0131 ve tatil g\u00fcnlerinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla bir arada olabilmesi, bu g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015fabilmeleri en do\u011fal haklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, her hafta sonu velayet kendisinde olmayan ebeveynle kalan \u00e7ocu\u011fu nedeniyle velayet kendisinde olan \u00e7ocu\u011fu teslim ve geri alma durumu nedeniyle hafta sonlar\u0131n\u0131 planlayamaz duruma d\u00fc\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6yleyse, ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkide hafta sonlar\u0131 ve tatil g\u00fcnlerinin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilerek, ebeveynler taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 makul ve adildir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;<\/p>\n
Yerel mahkemece, velayeti daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 annede bulunan 7.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ile davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda her hafta sonu Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 09.00’dan Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 18.00’e kadar ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131, e\u011fitimini, bedeni ve fikri geli\u015fimini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyece\u011finden do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131; yabanc\u0131 uyruklu oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 annenin velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine engel olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00e7ocu\u011fun seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u015fikard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, yerel mahkemece, Hukuk Genel Kurulu’nca da yukar\u0131daki ilave gerek\u00e7elerle benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7: Daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 (anne) vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen ilave gerek\u00e7e ve \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 30.maddesi ile 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici Madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429.maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, istek halinde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 440\/1.maddesi uyar\u0131nca karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 20.03.2013 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oybirli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulu<\/p>\n
2012\/2-799 E., 2013\/389 K.<\/p>\n
VELAYET
\n \u00c7OCU\u011eUN YURT DI\u015eINA \u00c7IKARILMASININ YASAKLANMASI
\n \u00c7OCUKLA HER HAFTA SONU K\u0130\u015e\u0130SEL \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130 KURULMASI<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (4721) Madde 324
\n T\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (4721) Madde 325
\n T\u00dcRK MEDEN\u0130 KANUNU (4721) Madde 182
\n 1982 ANAYASASI (2709) Madde 13
\n 1982 ANAYASASI (2709) Madde 23<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cvelayet ve i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; Ankara 5.Aile Mahkemesi’nce velayete ili\u015fkin as\u0131l davan\u0131n reddine ve i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kar\u015f\u0131 davan\u0131n ise kabul\u00fcne dair verilen 27.04.2010 g\u00fcn ve 2009\/427 E., 2010\/574 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n incelenmesi taraf vekilleri taraf\u0131ndan istenilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi’nin 05.07.2011 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/16826 E., 2011\/11499 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile;<\/p>\n
(…1-Dosyadaki yaz\u0131lara karar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 delillerle kanuna uygun sebeplere ve \u00f6zellikle delillerin takdirinde bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesine g\u00f6re davac\u0131-daval\u0131 baban\u0131n temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yersizdir.<\/p>\n
2-Daval\u0131-davac\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n temyiz isteminin incelenmesine gelince;<\/p>\n
Velayeti daval\u0131-davac\u0131 annede bulunan 7.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ile davac\u0131-daval\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda her hafta sonu Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 09.00’dan Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 18.00’e kadar ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla e\u011fitimini, bedeni ve fikri geli\u015fimini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyece\u011fi gibi \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 daval\u0131-davac\u0131 annenin velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine engel olu\u015fturur. A\u00e7\u0131klanan y\u00f6nler g\u00f6zetilmeden yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026)<\/p>\n
gerek\u00e7esiyle h\u00fck\u00fcm velayet y\u00f6n\u00fcyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle, yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; velayet y\u00f6n\u00fcnden mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulu’nca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc: <\/p>\n
As\u0131l dava, velayet; kar\u015f\u0131 dava ise, i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131 iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 (baba) vekili, m\u00fcvekkili ile daval\u0131n\u0131n evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinden d\u00fcnyaya gelen Melis’i, davac\u0131 baban\u0131n tan\u0131yarak kendi soy ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fini, Melis’in anne yan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 nedeniyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ahlaki ve di\u011fer bir \u00e7ok y\u00f6nden iyi yeti\u015fmeyece\u011fini, m\u00fcvekkilinin ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok iyi oldu\u011funu belirterek, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Melis’in velayetinin m\u00fcvekkiline verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 (anne) vekili, davac\u0131n\u0131n iddalar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, as\u0131l davan\u0131n reddi ile m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in 500,00 TL i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesini kar\u015f\u0131 dava ile talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Dosya kapsam\u0131ndan; taraflar\u0131n evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinden 07.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ad\u0131nda bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu sahibi olduklar\u0131, davac\u0131 baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu 09.06.2006 tarihinde tan\u0131yarak n\u00fcfusuna kaydettirdi\u011fi, davac\u0131 baban\u0131n daha sonra 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka bayanla evlendi\u011fi ve bu evlili\u011finden hen\u00fcz \u00e7ocu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, daval\u0131 annenin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkemece ara karar\u0131 ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk Melis ile davac\u0131 babas\u0131 aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Mahkemenin, anne yan\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131na olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uzman raporu da dikkate al\u0131narak as\u0131l davada m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin davac\u0131 babaya verilmesine y\u00f6nelik istemin reddine, ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki konusunda istemin kabul\u00fc ile; m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk 07.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ile davac\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda, her hafta Cumartesi sabah 09:00 Pazar ak\u015fam 18:00, dini bayramlar\u0131n ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc sabah 09:00, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn ak\u015fam 18:00, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Melis 6 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurana kadar her y\u0131l 1 Temmuz sabah 09:00, 20 Temmuz ak\u015fam 18:00, 6 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurduktan sonra 1 Temmuz sabah 09:00 – 31 Temmuz ak\u015fam 18:00, resmi bayramlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011flen 12:00 ak\u015fam 18.00 saatleri aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na; daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 (annenin) talepleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in belirlenen 500,00 TL i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131n\u0131n, karar kesinle\u015ftikten sonra da ayn\u0131 miktarda davac\u0131 babadan al\u0131narak velayeten daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 anneye \u00f6denmesine, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk Melis ‘in yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karar kesinle\u015ftikten sonra da devam\u0131na dair verdi\u011fi karar\u0131n, taraf vekillerinin temyizleri \u00fczerine, \u00d6zel Daire’ce i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na ili\u015fkin k\u0131sm\u0131 onanm\u0131\u015f; ancak ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yukar\u0131da belirtilen nedenlerle h\u00fck\u00fcm bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece; \u201cher hafta \u00e7ocukla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimini olumsuz etkileyece\u011finin s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi, uzmanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk Hukuku’nda d\u00fczenlenmeyen ‘birlikte velayet taraftar\u0131 oldu\u011fu, s\u0131k ili\u015fkinin buna hizmet edece\u011fi, annenin yabanc\u0131 olup \u00e7ocu\u011fu yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir daha getirmeyebilece\u011fi\u201d gerek\u00e7eleriyle ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 davadaki i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olup, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Direnme yoluyla Hukuk Genel Kurulu’nun \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k;<\/p>\n
1-Velayeti annede bulunan 7.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ile babas\u0131 aras\u0131nda her hafta sonu Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 09.00’dan Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 18.00’e kadar ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla e\u011fitimini, bedeni ve fikri geli\u015fimini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyip etkilemeyece\u011fi;<\/p>\n
2-\u00c7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n, annenin velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine engel olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n
Burada var\u0131lacak sonuca g\u00f6re, yerel mahkemece, ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkinin d\u00fczenlenmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fcn yerinde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, noktalar\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada, yerel mahkemenin direnme gerek\u00e7elerinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a) Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede;<\/p>\n
M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne taraf\u0131ndan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi endi\u015fesiyle yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131, anneye ait olan velayet g\u00f6revini aksatmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda s\u00fcreklili\u011fi itibariyle de 1982 Anayasas\u0131’nda d\u00fczenlenen ve temel hak niteli\u011finde olan seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r (m.23). <\/p>\n
Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla belirli bir s\u00fcre ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir(m.13) .<\/p>\n
Anayasa’n\u0131n 23.maddesine g\u00f6re, ilke olarak seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrekli olarak s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ancak, \u00e7ocu\u011fun korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla tedbiren ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne (\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Temel \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin Korunmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00f6zle\u015fme’ye) Ek 4 No’lu Protokol\u00fc\u2019n (1968) \u201cbir devletin \u00fclkesi i\u00e7inde seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131lma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 2.maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; \u201cHerkes kendi \u00fclkesi dahil herhangi bir \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lmakta \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise; \u201cBu haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ulusal g\u00fcvenlik veya kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yarar\u0131na, kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131, su\u00e7un \u00f6nlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya da ahlak\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, demokratik bir toplumda gerekli ve yasaya uygun k\u0131s\u0131tlamalardan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilemez.\u201d (Harr\u0131s\/O’boyle\/Warbr\u0131ck: Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Hukuku, \u00c7evirenler:Mehve\u015f Bing\u00f6ll\u00fc K\u0131lc\u0131-Ula\u015f Karan, Y\u00fcksek Yarg\u0131 Kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa Standartlar\u0131 Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Rollerinin G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi Ortak Projesi, Avrupa Konseyi-Ankara 2013, Sahife:762) denilmek suretiyle seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Somut olayda, annesi yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke uyruklu ancak kendisi T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yasaklamay\u0131 gerektirecek yasal ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc duraksamadan uzakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b) Her hafta sonu ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede ise;<\/p>\n
Ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurma hakk\u0131, anne\/baba ile \u00e7ocu\u011fa belirli g\u00fcn ya da saatlerde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, birbirlerinden haberdar olma, birbirlerinin ya\u015fam\u0131nda olma, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkilenme yetkisi veren bir hakt\u0131r. Bu hak, anne\/baba i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in de bir hakt\u0131r (2003 tarihli \u00c7ocuklarla Ki\u015fisel \u0130li\u015fki Kurulmas\u0131na Dair Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m.4\/1). \u0130li\u015fkide anne\/babal\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131n tatmini yan\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel, fikri, ruhsal, e\u011fitsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimine y\u00f6nelik yarar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilir. Anne\/baba yarar\u0131 ile \u00e7ocuk yarar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131n\u0131r (4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu m.182\/II, 325 ve 324).<\/p>\n
Ziyaret g\u00fcnleri olarak, ebeveyn ve \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck ve sorun \u00e7\u0131karmayacak g\u00fcn ve d\u00f6nemler tercih edilir. Bu d\u00f6nemler genellikle hafta sonlar\u0131 ve tatil g\u00fcnleridir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn hafta sonlar\u0131n\u0131 velayet kendisine verilmeyen ebeveynle ge\u00e7irmesi; gerek velayete sahip taraf, gerekse \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in sak\u0131ncal\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir. Zira, tatil g\u00fcnleri ve hafta sonlar\u0131nda ki\u015fi kendini psikolojik bak\u0131mdan daha rahat ve serbest hisseder. \u00c7ocu\u011fun bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcnleri sadece bir tarafta ge\u00e7irmesi; s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnleri ise, velayeti \u00fcstlenenle ge\u00e7irmesi, velayeti \u00fcstlenenden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na, so\u011fumas\u0131na, kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa ba\u011flanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6yle bir durumda, velayeti \u00fcstlenen, \u00e7ocu\u011funa fazla zaman ay\u0131ramayabilir, e\u011fitim ve terbiye ile yeti\u015ftirme g\u00f6revini lay\u0131k\u0131yla yerine getirmesi de g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015febilir. Ayr\u0131ca, bo\u015fanma durumunda \u00e7ocuk, anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131lamakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekebilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6yleyse, ki\u015filerin zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha uygun olan ve kendilerini daha rahat hissettikleri hafta sonlar\u0131 ve tatil g\u00fcnlerinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla bir arada olabilmesi, bu g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015fabilmeleri en do\u011fal haklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, her hafta sonu velayet kendisinde olmayan ebeveynle kalan \u00e7ocu\u011fu nedeniyle velayet kendisinde olan \u00e7ocu\u011fu teslim ve geri alma durumu nedeniyle hafta sonlar\u0131n\u0131 planlayamaz duruma d\u00fc\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6yleyse, ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkide hafta sonlar\u0131 ve tatil g\u00fcnlerinin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilerek, ebeveynler taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 makul ve adildir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;<\/p>\n
Yerel mahkemece, velayeti daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 annede bulunan 7.12.2005 do\u011fumlu Melis ile davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda her hafta sonu Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 09.00’dan Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 18.00’e kadar ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131, e\u011fitimini, bedeni ve fikri geli\u015fimini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyece\u011finden do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131; yabanc\u0131 uyruklu oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 annenin velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine engel olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00e7ocu\u011fun seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u015fikard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, yerel mahkemece, Hukuk Genel Kurulu’nca da yukar\u0131daki ilave gerek\u00e7elerle benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7: Daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 (anne) vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen ilave gerek\u00e7e ve \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 30.maddesi ile 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici Madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429.maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, istek halinde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 440\/1.maddesi uyar\u0131nca karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 20.03.2013 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oybirli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bVelayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u015fartlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedik\u00e7e, ana ve baban\u0131n velayet g\u00f6revlerine m\u00fcdahale olunamaz.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T.C. Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu 2017\/3117 E., 2018\/1278 K. “\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni” MAHKEMES\u0130 :Aile Mahkemesi Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cvelayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda \u0130stanbul Anadolu 6. Aile Mahkemesince davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen 24.11.2015 g\u00fcn ve 2014\/1048 E., 2015\/955 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n taraf vekillerince temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesinin 27.09.2016 g\u00fcn ve 2016\/4059 E., 2016\/13211 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile: “…Velayetinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talep edilen m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 3 ve 6., Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 12. maddesi idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kendilerini ilgilendiren konularda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine gereken \u00f6nemin verilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Velayet d\u00fczenlemesinde as\u0131l olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yarar\u0131d\u0131r ve bu d\u00fczenlemede ana ve baban\u0131n yarar\u0131 ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin aksine karar verilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayeti konusunda mahkemece g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek sonucuna g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekirken, bu konuda eksik incelemeyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir…” gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir. HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki belgeler okunduktan sonra …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n