Hukuk d\u00fczeni, bireylere \u00e7e\u015fitli hak ve yetkiler tan\u0131makla birlikte, bu haklar\u0131n mutlak ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemektedir. Zira hakk\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131, hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne uygun bi\u00e7imde ve toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede gerek \u00f6zel hukukta gerekse kamu hukukunda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u201chakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d, hukuk d\u00fczeninin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kolonlar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda bu ilke, ba\u015fta T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, i\u00e7tihatlarla da i\u00e7eri\u011fi derinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gayrimenkul hukuku, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan biridir. Zira m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi mutlak nitelikli bir hakk\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, toplumsal ya\u015famla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki nedeniyle s\u00fcrekli olarak yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmekte, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde davranmayan maliklerin tasarruflar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan korunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kat m\u00fclkiyeti ve imar uygulamalar\u0131 gibi dinamik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde hakk\u0131n amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131m\u0131, bu yasa\u011f\u0131n uygulama alan\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan ilgilendirmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz maliki, kom\u015fu parseldeki yap\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla, s\u0131rf k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetle, kendi parseli \u00fczerinde yap\u0131la\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik muvazaal\u0131 ruhsat ba\u015fvurular\u0131nda bulunmakta yahut yap\u0131 kullanma izni almadan uzun y\u0131llar in\u015faat\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede b\u0131rakmak suretiyle di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 fiilen kullanamaz hale getirmektedir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda, malik s\u0131fat\u0131yla sahip oldu\u011fu in\u015fa yetkisi, anayasal m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmekle birlikte, bu hakk\u0131n bu \u015fekilde kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bir di\u011fer \u00f6rnek, kat m\u00fclkiyeti rejiminde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm malikinin ortak alanlar\u0131 kendi kullan\u0131m\u0131na tahsis ederek di\u011fer maliklerin ortak alanlardan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemesi; \u00f6rne\u011fin apartman giri\u015fine masa-sandalye yerle\u015ftirmesi veya otopark alan\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullanmas\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilse de, bu fiiller d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011finden hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan korunmaz. Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ndedir; Yarg\u0131tay, bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda ortak alanlar\u0131n di\u011fer maliklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek \u015fekilde fiili i\u015fgale konu edilmesini, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130n\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ise y\u00fcklenicinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel s\u00fcrelere uymamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ilerlememi\u015f bir projede ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde tapu devri veya ipotek talep etmesi; ya da arsa sahibinin projeyi teknik ve idari engellerle bilerek bloke etmesi gibi durumlar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan haklar\u0131n amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir niteliktedir. Bu gibi durumlarda, taraflar\u0131n \u015feklen hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelerine kar\u015f\u0131n, taleplerinin hukuken korunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu noktada mahkemeler, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi g\u00f6zeterek, k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 bertaraf edecek \u015fekilde yorum yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca imar plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine itiraz s\u00fcreci de bu yasa\u011f\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan biridir. \u00d6zellikle plans\u0131z alanlarda spek\u00fclatif kazan\u00e7 elde etmeyi hedefleyen maliklerin, s\u0131rf kom\u015fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla plan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi taleplerine sistematik itirazlar y\u00f6neltmeleri veya dava a\u00e7malar\u0131 durumunda, yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131 bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmekte ve iptal davalar\u0131n\u0131 menfaat yoklu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle reddedebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, gayrimenkul hukukunda tan\u0131nan hak ve yetkilerin, amac\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Aksi takdirde, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte hukuk\u00ee bir zemine oturan talepler dahi, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan himaye edilmez. Bu ilkenin uygulamada g\u00f6zetilmesi, sadece bireyler aras\u0131 dengeyi de\u011fil, toplumsal g\u00fcvenlik ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de do\u011frudan etkileyen bir gerekliliktir. Uygulay\u0131c\u0131 hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n, bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n tespitinde hem dogmatik hem de pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 bir arada de\u011ferlendirmeleri, hakk\u0131n amac\u0131na uygun kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u200bHukuk d\u00fczeni, bireylere \u00e7e\u015fitli hak ve yetkiler tan\u0131makla birlikte, bu haklar\u0131n mutlak ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemektedir. Zira hakk\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131, hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne uygun bi\u00e7imde ve toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede gerek \u00f6zel hukukta gerekse kamu hukukunda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u201chakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d, hukuk d\u00fczeninin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kolonlar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda bu ilke, ba\u015fta T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, i\u00e7tihatlarla da i\u00e7eri\u011fi derinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gayrimenkul hukuku, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan biridir. Zira m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi mutlak nitelikli bir hakk\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, toplumsal ya\u015famla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki nedeniyle s\u00fcrekli olarak yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmekte, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde davranmayan maliklerin tasarruflar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan korunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kat m\u00fclkiyeti ve imar uygulamalar\u0131 gibi dinamik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde hakk\u0131n amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131m\u0131, bu yasa\u011f\u0131n uygulama alan\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan ilgilendirmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz maliki, kom\u015fu parseldeki yap\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla, s\u0131rf k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetle, kendi parseli \u00fczerinde yap\u0131la\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik muvazaal\u0131 ruhsat ba\u015fvurular\u0131nda bulunmakta yahut yap\u0131 kullanma izni almadan uzun y\u0131llar in\u015faat\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede b\u0131rakmak suretiyle di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 fiilen kullanamaz hale getirmektedir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda, malik s\u0131fat\u0131yla sahip oldu\u011fu in\u015fa yetkisi, anayasal m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmekle birlikte, bu hakk\u0131n bu \u015fekilde kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bir di\u011fer \u00f6rnek, kat m\u00fclkiyeti rejiminde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm malikinin ortak alanlar\u0131 kendi kullan\u0131m\u0131na tahsis ederek di\u011fer maliklerin ortak alanlardan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemesi; \u00f6rne\u011fin apartman giri\u015fine masa-sandalye yerle\u015ftirmesi veya otopark alan\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullanmas\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilse de, bu fiiller d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011finden hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan korunmaz. Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ndedir; Yarg\u0131tay, bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda ortak alanlar\u0131n di\u011fer maliklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek \u015fekilde fiili i\u015fgale konu edilmesini, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130n\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ise y\u00fcklenicinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel s\u00fcrelere uymamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ilerlememi\u015f bir projede ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde tapu devri veya ipotek talep etmesi; ya da arsa sahibinin projeyi teknik ve idari engellerle bilerek bloke etmesi gibi durumlar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan haklar\u0131n amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir niteliktedir. Bu gibi durumlarda, taraflar\u0131n \u015feklen hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelerine kar\u015f\u0131n, taleplerinin hukuken korunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu noktada mahkemeler, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi g\u00f6zeterek, k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 bertaraf edecek \u015fekilde yorum yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca imar plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine itiraz s\u00fcreci de bu yasa\u011f\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan biridir. \u00d6zellikle plans\u0131z alanlarda spek\u00fclatif kazan\u00e7 elde etmeyi hedefleyen maliklerin, s\u0131rf kom\u015fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla plan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi taleplerine sistematik itirazlar y\u00f6neltmeleri veya dava a\u00e7malar\u0131 durumunda, yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131 bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmekte ve iptal davalar\u0131n\u0131 menfaat yoklu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle reddedebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, gayrimenkul hukukunda tan\u0131nan hak ve yetkilerin, amac\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Aksi takdirde, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte hukuk\u00ee bir zemine oturan talepler dahi, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan himaye edilmez. Bu ilkenin uygulamada g\u00f6zetilmesi, sadece bireyler aras\u0131 dengeyi de\u011fil, toplumsal g\u00fcvenlik ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de do\u011frudan etkileyen bir gerekliliktir. Uygulay\u0131c\u0131 hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n, bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n tespitinde hem dogmatik hem de pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 bir arada de\u011ferlendirmeleri, hakk\u0131n amac\u0131na uygun kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hukuk d\u00fczeni, bireylere \u00e7e\u015fitli hak ve yetkiler tan\u0131makla birlikte, bu haklar\u0131n mutlak ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemektedir. Zira hakk\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131, hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne uygun bi\u00e7imde ve toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede gerek \u00f6zel hukukta gerekse kamu hukukunda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u201chakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d, hukuk d\u00fczeninin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kolonlar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda bu ilke, ba\u015fta T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, i\u00e7tihatlarla da i\u00e7eri\u011fi derinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gayrimenkul hukuku, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan biridir. Zira m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi mutlak nitelikli bir hakk\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, toplumsal ya\u015famla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki nedeniyle s\u00fcrekli olarak yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmekte, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde davranmayan maliklerin tasarruflar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan korunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kat m\u00fclkiyeti ve imar uygulamalar\u0131 gibi dinamik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde hakk\u0131n amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131m\u0131, bu yasa\u011f\u0131n uygulama alan\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan ilgilendirmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz maliki, kom\u015fu parseldeki yap\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla, s\u0131rf k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetle, kendi parseli \u00fczerinde yap\u0131la\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik muvazaal\u0131 ruhsat ba\u015fvurular\u0131nda bulunmakta yahut yap\u0131 kullanma izni almadan uzun y\u0131llar in\u015faat\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede b\u0131rakmak suretiyle di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 fiilen kullanamaz hale getirmektedir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda, malik s\u0131fat\u0131yla sahip oldu\u011fu in\u015fa yetkisi, anayasal m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmekle birlikte, bu hakk\u0131n bu \u015fekilde kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n