TOPLANTI VE G\u00d6STER\u0130 Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc HAKKINA KAMU M\u00dcDAHALES\u0130 KAVRAMI<\/p>\n
Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale dile getirildi\u011finde, genellikle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ya da ba\u015flamakta olan\u00a0 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale edilerek, bu faaliyetlerin kolluk arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 akla gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kamusal m\u00fcdahale daha geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lan ya da yap\u0131labilecek kamusal yetki ve g\u00f6revler de bu kavrama dahildir.<\/p>\n
Demokratik toplumlarda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmamakla birlikte, bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n nerede ba\u015flay\u0131p nerede bitti\u011finin tespiti her zaman objektif \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle tespit edilememektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu hakka yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleler s\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 34. Maddesine g\u00f6re, herkes, \u00f6nceden izin almadan, silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na sahip olup toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahl\u00e2k\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n usul ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ise, TVGYK ve ilgili y\u00f6netmelikte ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
A\u0130HS\u2019nin 11\/2. maddesinde ise, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yasayla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve demokratik bir toplum i\u00e7inde ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131, kamu d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabi tutulamaz; bu madde, silahl\u0131 kuvvetler, kolluk kuvvetleri veya devlet idaresi mensuplar\u0131nca yukarda an\u0131lan haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na me\u015fru s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmesine engel de\u011fildir, h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na belli \u015fartlarda m\u00fcdahale edilmesine izin vermektedir. A\u0130HM, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n, sadece bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki tedbirleri de\u011fil hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lan i\u015flem ve muameleleri[i]; AYM ise, toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki \u201cs\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi sadece hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki baz\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirleri de\u011fil, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lan muameleleri de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespiti ile bu hususu kararlar\u0131na yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve Di\u011ferleri Ba\u015fvurusu).<\/p>\n
\u0130ster toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde, isterse bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda olsun, AYM\u2019nin Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n, Anayasa’n\u0131n 34\/2 ve A\u0130HS\u2019nin 11\/2. maddelerinin verdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlama izni do\u011frultusunda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi, kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda dahi bu hakka yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uygun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmakta, bu haller de bile m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum i\u00e7in gereklilik arz etmesi ve me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Gerek A\u0130HM gerekse AYM, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerin hak ihlali olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ederken, yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kanun ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, me\u015fru bir amaca y\u00f6nelik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, demokratik bir toplumda gereklilik olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve son olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini kullanarak de\u011ferlendirme yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcdahalenin kanun ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale gerek\u00e7esi yap\u0131lan nedenlerin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bireylerin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmesi gerekmektedir. A\u0130HM, Mkrtchyan\/Ermenistan davas\u0131nda, Ermenistan\u2019da bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucuya Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin eski bir kanuna g\u00f6re ceza verilmesinin belirsizlik yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fvurucunun hangi kanuna g\u00f6re hareket edece\u011finin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez oldu\u011fu ve kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar vermi\u015ftir.[ii]<\/p>\n
M\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru amaca y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131, m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen \u201cmilli g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131\u201d amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Demokratik toplumda gereklilik, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik bir toplumda zorunluluk olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n takdirine y\u00f6neliktir. Bu kapsamda devletlerin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik belli bir takdir yetkisi olmakla birlikte belli bir oranda ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, tolerans ve imk\u00e2n sa\u011flama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
AYM; temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131 gibi zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik istisnai nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. (G\u00fclistan Atasoy ve Di\u011ferleri Ba\u015fvurusu).<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck prensibi, bir hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlama zorunlulu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, elindeki ara\u00e7lardan amaca ula\u015fmada en elveri\u015fli, hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en az d\u00fczeyde s\u0131n\u0131rlayacak olan\u0131 se\u00e7erek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck otorite dengesini kurmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.[iii]<\/p>\n
Bir toplant\u0131 ya da g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi hallerde kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, TVGYK\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinde 12 bent halinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Belirtilen d\u00fczenlemede say\u0131lan hallerde toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale gelmektedir. Bu halde kamu otoritelerinin bu toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahale yetkisi do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcdahale toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lmadan olabilece\u011fi gibi hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra da olabilir. Bununla birlikte yap\u0131lan kamusal m\u00fcdahalenin hukuka uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in, kanun ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp, me\u015fru bir amaca y\u00f6nelik olup olmas\u0131, demokratik bir toplumda gereklilik olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
>> TOPLANTI VE G\u00d6STER\u0130 Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc HAKKI VE BU HAKKA KAMU M\u00dcDAHALES\u0130N\u0130N SINIRLARI – 1<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
>>\u00a0TOPLANTI VE G\u00d6STER\u0130 Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc HAKKI VE BU HAKKA KAMU M\u00dcDAHALES\u0130N\u0130N SINIRLARI – 2\u00a0<\/p>\n
—————-<\/p>\n
*Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yazar\u0131n \u201cToplumsal Olaylarda Adli Sorunlar\u201d (Kara, Ey\u00fcp, Toplumsal Olaylarda Adli Sorunlar, Adli Bil. ve Kriminalistik Ansiklopedisi, 7. Cilt, \u00a0s. 3639-3656, Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, 2023) adl\u0131 makalesinden yararlan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[i] G\u00fcven, M., Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l G\u00f6steri ve Toplanma \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, On \u0130ki Levha Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, (2019), \u00a0s. 62<\/p>\n
[ii] G\u00fcven, M., s. 71<\/p>\n
[iii] Anayurt, \u00d6., Toplanma H\u00fcrriyeti Kavram\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Anayasa Hukukunda Toplanma H\u00fcrriyeti, 1996, (Tez) http:\/\/nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444\/ekos\/TEZ\/29341.pdf Eri\u015fim Tarihi 06 May\u0131s 2025, s. 227-228,<\/p>\n
At\u0131f yap\u0131lan kararlar:<\/p>\n
G\u00fclistan Atasoy ve Di\u011ferleri Ba\u015fvurusu, https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/toplanti-ve-gosteri-yuruyusu-duzenleme-hakkiyla-ilgili-kararlar Eri\u015fim Tarihi 06 May\u0131s 2025<\/p>\n
Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve Di\u011ferleri Ba\u015fvurusu,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/aymnin-20133924-basvuru-numarali-karari Eri\u015fim Tarihi 06 May\u0131s 2025<\/p>\n
\u200bTOPLANTI VE G\u00d6STER\u0130 Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc HAKKINA KAMU M\u00dcDAHALES\u0130 KAVRAMI<\/p>\n
Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale dile getirildi\u011finde, genellikle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ya da ba\u015flamakta olan\u00a0 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale edilerek, bu faaliyetlerin kolluk arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 akla gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kamusal m\u00fcdahale daha geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lan ya da yap\u0131labilecek kamusal yetki ve g\u00f6revler de bu kavrama dahildir.<\/p>\n
Demokratik toplumlarda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmamakla birlikte, bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n nerede ba\u015flay\u0131p nerede bitti\u011finin tespiti her zaman objektif \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle tespit edilememektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu hakka yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleler s\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 34. Maddesine g\u00f6re, herkes, \u00f6nceden izin almadan, silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na sahip olup toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahl\u00e2k\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n usul ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ise, TVGYK ve ilgili y\u00f6netmelikte ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
A\u0130HS\u2019nin 11\/2. maddesinde ise, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yasayla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve demokratik bir toplum i\u00e7inde ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131, kamu d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabi tutulamaz; bu madde, silahl\u0131 kuvvetler, kolluk kuvvetleri veya devlet idaresi mensuplar\u0131nca yukarda an\u0131lan haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na me\u015fru s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmesine engel de\u011fildir, h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na belli \u015fartlarda m\u00fcdahale edilmesine izin vermektedir. A\u0130HM, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n, sadece bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki tedbirleri de\u011fil hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lan i\u015flem ve muameleleri[i]; AYM ise, toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki \u201cs\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi sadece hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki baz\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirleri de\u011fil, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lan muameleleri de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespiti ile bu hususu kararlar\u0131na yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve Di\u011ferleri Ba\u015fvurusu).<\/p>\n
\u0130ster toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde, isterse bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda olsun, AYM\u2019nin Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n, Anayasa’n\u0131n 34\/2 ve A\u0130HS\u2019nin 11\/2. maddelerinin verdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlama izni do\u011frultusunda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi, kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda dahi bu hakka yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uygun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmakta, bu haller de bile m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum i\u00e7in gereklilik arz etmesi ve me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Gerek A\u0130HM gerekse AYM, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerin hak ihlali olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ederken, yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kanun ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, me\u015fru bir amaca y\u00f6nelik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, demokratik bir toplumda gereklilik olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve son olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini kullanarak de\u011ferlendirme yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcdahalenin kanun ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale gerek\u00e7esi yap\u0131lan nedenlerin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bireylerin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmesi gerekmektedir. A\u0130HM, Mkrtchyan\/Ermenistan davas\u0131nda, Ermenistan\u2019da bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucuya Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin eski bir kanuna g\u00f6re ceza verilmesinin belirsizlik yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fvurucunun hangi kanuna g\u00f6re hareket edece\u011finin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez oldu\u011fu ve kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar vermi\u015ftir.[ii]<\/p>\n
M\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru amaca y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131, m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen \u201cmilli g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131\u201d amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Demokratik toplumda gereklilik, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik bir toplumda zorunluluk olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n takdirine y\u00f6neliktir. Bu kapsamda devletlerin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik belli bir takdir yetkisi olmakla birlikte belli bir oranda ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, tolerans ve imk\u00e2n sa\u011flama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
AYM; temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131 gibi zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik istisnai nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. (G\u00fclistan Atasoy ve Di\u011ferleri Ba\u015fvurusu).<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck prensibi, bir hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlama zorunlulu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, elindeki ara\u00e7lardan amaca ula\u015fmada en elveri\u015fli, hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en az d\u00fczeyde s\u0131n\u0131rlayacak olan\u0131 se\u00e7erek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck otorite dengesini kurmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.[iii]<\/p>\n
Bir toplant\u0131 ya da g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi hallerde kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, TVGYK\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinde 12 bent halinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Belirtilen d\u00fczenlemede say\u0131lan hallerde toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale gelmektedir. Bu halde kamu otoritelerinin bu toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahale yetkisi do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcdahale toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lmadan olabilece\u011fi gibi hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra da olabilir. Bununla birlikte yap\u0131lan kamusal m\u00fcdahalenin hukuka uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in, kanun ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp, me\u015fru bir amaca y\u00f6nelik olup olmas\u0131, demokratik bir toplumda gereklilik olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
>> TOPLANTI VE G\u00d6STER\u0130 Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc HAKKI VE BU HAKKA KAMU M\u00dcDAHALES\u0130N\u0130N SINIRLARI – 1<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
>>\u00a0TOPLANTI VE G\u00d6STER\u0130 Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc HAKKI VE BU HAKKA KAMU M\u00dcDAHALES\u0130N\u0130N SINIRLARI – 2\u00a0<\/p>\n
—————-<\/p>\n
*Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yazar\u0131n \u201cToplumsal Olaylarda Adli Sorunlar\u201d (Kara, Ey\u00fcp, Toplumsal Olaylarda Adli Sorunlar, Adli Bil. ve Kriminalistik Ansiklopedisi, 7. Cilt, \u00a0s. 3639-3656, Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, 2023) adl\u0131 makalesinden yararlan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[i] G\u00fcven, M., Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l G\u00f6steri ve Toplanma \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, On \u0130ki Levha Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, (2019), \u00a0s. 62<\/p>\n
[ii] G\u00fcven, M., s. 71<\/p>\n
[iii] Anayurt, \u00d6., Toplanma H\u00fcrriyeti Kavram\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Anayasa Hukukunda Toplanma H\u00fcrriyeti, 1996, (Tez) http:\/\/nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444\/ekos\/TEZ\/29341.pdf Eri\u015fim Tarihi 06 May\u0131s 2025, s. 227-228,<\/p>\n
At\u0131f yap\u0131lan kararlar:<\/p>\n
G\u00fclistan Atasoy ve Di\u011ferleri Ba\u015fvurusu, https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/toplanti-ve-gosteri-yuruyusu-duzenleme-hakkiyla-ilgili-kararlar Eri\u015fim Tarihi 06 May\u0131s 2025<\/p>\n
Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve Di\u011ferleri Ba\u015fvurusu,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/aymnin-20133924-basvuru-numarali-karari Eri\u015fim Tarihi 06 May\u0131s 2025\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
TOPLANTI VE G\u00d6STER\u0130 Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc HAKKINA KAMU M\u00dcDAHALES\u0130 KAVRAMI Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale dile getirildi\u011finde, genellikle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ya da ba\u015flamakta olan\u00a0 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale edilerek, bu faaliyetlerin kolluk arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 akla gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kamusal m\u00fcdahale daha geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lan ya da yap\u0131labilecek kamusal yetki ve g\u00f6revler de bu kavrama dahildir. Demokratik toplumlarda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmamakla birlikte, bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n nerede ba\u015flay\u0131p nerede bitti\u011finin tespiti her zaman objektif \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle tespit edilememektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu hakka yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleler s\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 34. Maddesine g\u00f6re, herkes, \u00f6nceden izin almadan, silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na sahip olup toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahl\u00e2k\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n usul ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ise, TVGYK ve ilgili y\u00f6netmelikte ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. A\u0130HS\u2019nin 11\/2. maddesinde ise, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yasayla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve demokratik bir toplum i\u00e7inde ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131, kamu d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n