T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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GENEL KURUL<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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AL\u0130 RIZA \u00d6ZER VE D\u0130\u011eERLER\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2013\/3924)<\/p>\n
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Karar Tarihi: 6\/1\/2015<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih-Say\u0131: 13\/5\/2015-29354<\/p>\n
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GENEL KURUL<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Serruh KALEL\u0130<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Alparslan ALTAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR<\/p>\n
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Osman Alifeyyaz PAKS\u00dcT<\/p>\n
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Recep K\u00d6M\u00dcRC\u00dc<\/p>\n
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Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN<\/p>\n
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Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
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Nuri NEC\u0130PO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
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Hicabi DURSUN<\/p>\n
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Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI<\/p>\n
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Erdal TERCAN<\/p>\n
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Muammer TOPAL<\/p>\n
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Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN<\/p>\n
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M. Emin KUZ<\/p>\n
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Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Murat \u015eEN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucular<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
1- Ali R\u0131za \u00d6ZER<\/p>\n
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2- \u00d6zcan \u00c7ET\u0130N<\/p>\n
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3- Orhan BAYRAM<\/p>\n
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4- Veli \u0130MRAK<\/p>\n
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5- Tunay \u00d6ZAYDIN<\/p>\n
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6- Deniz DO\u011eAN<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Nedim DE\u011e\u0130RMENC\u0130<\/p>\n
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I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucular, e\u011fitim sisteminde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler getiren kanun teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 kitlesel bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lacak toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n polis taraf\u0131ndan engellenmesinin ve bu engellemeye kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0130zmir Konak Meydan\u0131nda ve ertesi g\u00fcn \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7tikleri esnada kollu\u011fun izin vermemesi nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kan olaylarda kollu\u011fun orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak yaralanmalar\u0131na neden olmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru, 31\/5\/2013 tarihinde \u0130zmir 3. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dilek\u00e7e ve eklerinin idari y\u00f6nden yap\u0131lan \u00f6n incelemesi neticesinde belirlenen eksiklikler tamamlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Komisyona sunulmas\u0131na engel bir eksikli\u011fin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Komisyonunca, 19\/12\/2013 tarihinde kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, dosyan\u0131n B\u00f6l\u00fcme g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru konusu olay ve olgular 13\/1\/2014 tarihinde Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirilmi\u015ftir. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tan\u0131nan ek s\u00fcre sonunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc 7\/3\/2014 tarihinde Anayasa Mahkemesine sunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
5. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Anayasa Mahkemesine sunulan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, ba\u015fvurucular vekiline 27\/3\/2014 tarihinde bildirilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine kar\u015f\u0131 cevaplar\u0131n\u0131 9\/4\/2014 tarihinde Anayasa Mahkemesine sunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. \u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn 16\/10\/2014 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvurunun niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla Genel Kurul taraf\u0131ndan karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 28. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ba\u015fvurunun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmek \u00fczere Genel Kurula sevkine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR<\/p>\n
A. Olaylar<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvuru dilek\u00e7esi ve ekleri ile ba\u015fvuruya konu yarg\u0131lama dosyas\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011finden tespit edilen ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucular \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin, Orhan Bayram, Veli \u0130mrak, Tunay \u00d6zayd\u0131n ve Deniz Do\u011fan \u00f6\u011fretmen, Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ise e\u011fitim m\u00fcfetti\u015fidir. Ba\u015fvurucular, e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapan kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi E\u011fitim ve Bilim Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131n\u0131n (E\u011fitim-Sen) \u0130zmir \u015eubesi \u00fcyesidirler. E\u011fitim-Sen, di\u011fer alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sendikalar\u0131n \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu Kamu Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonunun (KESK) bile\u015fenlerindendir.<\/p>\n
9. KESK ve E\u011fitim-Sen, kamuoyunda 4+4+4 olarak bilinen \u201c\u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim ve E\u011fitim Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun Teklifinin\u201d (kanun teklifi) T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinde (TBMM) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmak i\u00e7in 28-29 Mart 2012 tarihlerinde Ankara\u2019da kitlesel bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile kanun teklifini protesto edeceklerini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama, \u00e7ok say\u0131da siyasi parti, sendika, dernek ve platform ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplar ile \u00f6\u011frenci gruplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da destek g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
10. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama \u00fczerine Ankara Valili\u011fi, 26\/3\/2012 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131yla, yap\u0131lacak protesto g\u00f6sterilerinde provokatif ama\u00e7larla g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile g\u00f6stericiler aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, eylemlerin hayat\u0131n normal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bozarak genel asayi\u015f, kamu d\u00fczeni ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehlikeye sokaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve d\u00fczeninin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla Ankara ilinde 28-29 Mart 2012 tarihlerinde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile benzeri eylemleri yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. An\u0131lan yasak uyar\u0131nca \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve protestoya kat\u0131lmak isteyen gruplar\u0131n illerden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131na izin verilmemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde t\u00fcm il valiliklerine yaz\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zmir Valili\u011fi de an\u0131lan yaz\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda 27\/3\/2012 tarihinde E\u011fitim-Sen \u0130zmir \u015eubelerine durumu bildirmi\u015f, Ankara\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istenen eyleme kat\u0131lmak isteyen gruplar\u0131n gidi\u015flerine izin verilmeyece\u011fini ve bu kapsamda yap\u0131lan organizasyonlar iptal edilmedi\u011fi takdirde yasal i\u015flem yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tebli\u011f etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lacak eyleme kat\u0131lacak sendika ve di\u011fer sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 mensuplar\u0131 27\/3\/2012 tarihinde saat 22:00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda bir araya gelerek otob\u00fcslerle \u0130zmir\u2019den Ankara\u2019ya gitmek istemi\u015flerdir. Ancak daha \u00f6nce tedbir alan polis, otob\u00fcslerde yasal olarak bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken evraklar\u0131n eksik oldu\u011fundan bahisle ba\u015fvurucular ve di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n ve di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fka otob\u00fcslerle gitme te\u015febb\u00fcsleri de yine polis taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle engellenmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine olay yerinde bulunan ba\u015fvurucular ve di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar otob\u00fcslerin Ankara\u2019ya gitmesinin engellenmesini protesto etmek i\u00e7in bulunduklar\u0131 yerdeki yolu trafi\u011fe kapatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre ayakta bekledikten sonra oturarak eylemlerine devam etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
14. Polis, yolun tekrar trafi\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in megafonla ikazda bulunmu\u015ftur. Bir s\u00fcre sonra saat 23:15 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda g\u00f6stericiler ikna edilmi\u015f ve yolun bir \u015feridi trafi\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yol yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 dakika trafi\u011fe kapal\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra saat 1:30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucular ve di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin engellemesini a\u015fmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek Ankara\u2019ya gitme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flar ve yol \u00fczerinden Konak Meydan\u0131\u2019na do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. 28\/3\/2012 tarihli olay tutana\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri defalarca, yap\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ikaz\u0131nda bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130kaza ra\u011fmen y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn devam etmesi \u00fczerine \u00e7evik kuvvet polisi yolu keserek g\u00f6stericilerin y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne engel olmak istemi\u015ftir. Bu s\u0131rada g\u00f6stericilerin y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc durdurmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine polis ile g\u00f6stericiler aras\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcren bir arbede ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve bu s\u0131rada polis biber gaz\u0131 ve cop ile g\u00f6stericilere m\u00fcdahalede bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fczerine eylemciler y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerini durdurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada bir polis memuru bile\u011fi k\u0131r\u0131lacak \u015fekilde yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Bir sendika y\u00f6neticisi taraf\u0131ndan eylemin iki g\u00fcn daha devam edece\u011finin duyurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine topluluk bir s\u00fcre daha bekledikten sonra SGK \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc binas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne gelerek oturma eylemine devam etmi\u015f ve saat 4:30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda ertesi g\u00fcn (28\/3\/2012 tarihinde) saat:12:00\u2019da bulu\u015fmak \u00fczere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (birinci eylem). <\/p>\n
17. Birinci eylem ile ilgili olarak ba\u015fvuruculardan Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin ve Orhan Bayram ile di\u011fer baz\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n, 6\/10\/1983 tarih ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu\u2019na muhalefet ve g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131yla beyanlar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. 28\/3\/2013 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucular ve sendika \u00fcyeleri, hem an\u0131lan kanun teklifini hem de bir \u00f6nceki gece meydana gelen olaylar\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in Konak Meydan\u0131nda Eski S\u00fcmerbank binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde toplanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir grup da toplanarak ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden Valilik binas\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcmek istemi\u015ftir. Eylemden daha \u00f6nceden haberdar olan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri de gerekli g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
19. De\u011fi\u015fik sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla olu\u015fan yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 ki\u015filik grup, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f d\u00fczeni alarak ellerinde pankartlarla bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere Valilik binas\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
20. Grup, B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcndeki polis bariyerlerine kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne devam etmi\u015ftir. Burada polis, grubun Valilik binas\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcmesine izin verilmeyece\u011fi ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ikazlarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Polis taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan 28\/3\/2012 tarihli olay tutana\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re grup ikazlar\u0131 dinlememi\u015f ve g\u00f6revli personeli itekleyerek ellerindeki sopalarla bariyerleri y\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7evik kuvvet polisi \u00f6nce kalkanlar ile barikat olu\u015fturarak grubu engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ancak gruptan baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin cam par\u00e7alar\u0131, parke ta\u015flar\u0131 ve su dolu \u015fi\u015feler atmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, sald\u0131ran gruba m\u00fcdahaleye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Polis tazyikli su, boyal\u0131 su, biber gaz\u0131 ve toplumsal olaylara m\u00fcdahale arac\u0131 (TOMA) ile g\u00f6stericilere m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015ftir. Bu esnada bir polis memuru aya\u011f\u0131ndan yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
21. Polis bariyerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan grupla e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak ba\u015fka bir grup da ba\u015fka bir yoldan Valilik binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak grubun Valilik binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem alan polis alternatif g\u00fczerg\u00e2h g\u00f6stererek di\u011fer grubun da bulundu\u011fu SGK binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne gitmelerini istemi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine grup polisin kapad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldan ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bu s\u0131rada polis ile grup aras\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcren bir arbede ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve polis gaz kullanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc engellemi\u015ftir. Daha sonra g\u00fczerg\u00e2h de\u011fi\u015ftiren grup sahil yolu \u00fczerinden SGK binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f ve burada di\u011fer grupla birle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
22. \u0130ki bin ki\u015fiye ula\u015fan grup SGK binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde oturma eylemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6steriyi d\u00fczenleyen sendika temsilcileri ile g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakere sonucunda polis barikat\u0131 50 metre geri \u00e7ekilerek g\u00f6stericilerin bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015ftir. Saat 16:30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lanlar kendili\u011finden da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. 28\/3\/2012 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc (ikinci eylem) ile ilgili olarak ba\u015fvuruculardan Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin ve Orhan Bayram ile di\u011fer baz\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n, 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a muhalefet ve g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131yla beyanlar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Olaylara m\u00fcdahale esnas\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucular yaralanm\u0131\u015f veya biber gaz\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k raporlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: <\/p>\n
\u00a0i. Ba\u015fvurucu Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in 28\/3\/2012 tarihli adli muayene raporunda burun s\u0131rt\u0131nda hiperimi, hassasiyet, \u00f6dem \u015fekil bozuklu\u011fu, ciltte 2 cm.lik kesi, ayr\u0131ca burunda kemik k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131, alt dudak i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcnde 2 cm.lik kesi, \u00fcst dudakta ekimoz, sol kulak zar\u0131nda yeni bir y\u0131rt\u0131k oldu\u011fu, odyolojik incelemede sol kulakta i\u015fitme kayb\u0131n\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011fu, hayati tehlikesinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00fczde sabit iz ve eser y\u00f6n\u00fcnden alt\u0131 ay sonra kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn uygun oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucuya toplam dokuz g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik raporu verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0ii. Ba\u015fvurucu \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin\u2019in 28\/3\/2012 tarihli adli muayene raporunda g\u00f6z\u00fcne biber gaz\u0131 geldi\u011fi, g\u00f6zde yanma ve batma oldu\u011fu, g\u00f6zde k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve ila\u00e7 verildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0iii. Ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019a 28\/3\/2012 tarihinde d\u00fc\u015fme sonucu sa\u011f omuzda a\u011fr\u0131 \u015fikayeti \u00fczerine iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fg\u00f6remezlik raporu verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun daha sonraki muayenelerinde sa\u011f omzunda minimal deplase av\u00fclsiyon frakt\u00fcr\u00fc tespit edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\u00a0iv. Ba\u015fvurucu Veli \u0130mrak\u2019\u0131n 28\/3\/2012 tarihli ge\u00e7ici adli muayene raporunda ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n solunda sa\u00e7l\u0131 b\u00f6lgede 2-3 cm.lik kesi oldu\u011fu, hayati tehlikesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, basit t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale ile giderilebilecek nitelikte yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0v. Ba\u015fvurucu Tunay \u00d6zayd\u0131n\u2019\u0131n 28\/3\/2012 tarihli tek hekim raporunda sa\u011f el bile\u011finde travma oldu\u011fu ve \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn istirahat etmesinin uygun oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0vi. Ba\u015fvurucu Deniz Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n 28\/3\/2012 tarihli adli muayene raporunda burun s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131n sol taraf\u0131nda 0,5 cm.lik cilt kesisi, ekimoz ve yumu\u015fak doku \u015fi\u015fli\u011fi oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir<\/p>\n
25. Ba\u015fvurucular, 2\/4\/2012 havale tarihli dilek\u00e7eleri ile 27-28 Mart 2012 g\u00fcn\u00fc meydana gelen iki ayr\u0131 olay i\u00e7in demokratik haklar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi, orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma ve kasten yaralama su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
26. \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetine ili\u015fkin olarak zor kullanma yetkisinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan iki ayr\u0131 soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
27. \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2012\/31529 say\u0131l\u0131 soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131nda, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Ankara\u2019ya gitme giri\u015fimlerinin engellenmesi ve bu engellemeye kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0130zmir Konak Meydan\u0131nda ve ertesi g\u00fcn \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yapmalar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi nedeniyle \u0130zmir \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn di\u011fer g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan 2\/12\/1999 tarih ve 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Memurlar ve Di\u011fer Kamu G\u00f6revlilerinin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun kapsam\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
28. \u0130zmir Valili\u011fi, 4\/7\/2012 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile \u0130zmir Valisi, \u0130zmir \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc di\u011fer g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u015fik\u00e2yete ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 22\/5\/2012 tarihli karar\u0131 ile \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin i\u015fleme konulmamas\u0131 karar\u0131 verildi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatarak, bu karar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni verilmemesine karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde \u201ciddialar\u0131n somut bilgi ve belgelere dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilgililer a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan \u00f6n inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek bir durumun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
29. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n an\u0131lan karara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 itiraz, \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesinin 16\/10\/2012 tarihli karar\u0131 ile reddedilmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, 26\/11\/2012 tarihinde usul\u00fcne uygun soru\u015fturma izni bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve soru\u015fturma \u015fart\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011finden \u015fikayet edilenler hakk\u0131nda inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
30. Ba\u015fvurucular, polisin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7ten kaynaklanan yaralanmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin (bkz. \u00a7 24) \u0130zmir \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda zor kullanma yetkisinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle yaralama su\u00e7undan \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2012\/43793 say\u0131l\u0131 soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan 11\/12\/2012 tarihli bilirki\u015fi raporunda 27-28\/3\/2012 tarihindeki KESK ve E\u011fitim-Sen y\u00f6netici ve \u00fcyelerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesinin yasal zor kullanma yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile 1\/3\/2013 tarihinde kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
31. 11\/12\/2012 tarihli bilirki\u015fi raporu \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c(1 no.lu eylem) Kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n 22:51 itibariyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, grubun ilk olarak incelenmek \u00fczere evraklar\u0131 al\u0131nan otob\u00fcs\u00fcn hareket etmesini engelledi\u011fi, ard\u0131ndan saat 23:00 \u2018de yola \u00e7\u0131karak yolu trafi\u011fe kapad\u0131klar\u0131, devam\u0131nda 23:07\u2019de yolda oturmak suretiyle eylemlerine devam ettikleri bu eylemi 23:17\u2019ye kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri, daha sonra yolu trafi\u011fe a\u00e7arak saat 01:23\u2019e kadar \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesinin yan\u0131nda beklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131, saat 01:23\u2019de \u015f\u00fcphelilerden M.B.\u2019nin \u201cE\u011fer ara\u00e7l\u0131 olarak Ankara\u2019ya gitmemize izin vermiyorlarsa bizde y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek Ankara\u2019ya gidece\u011fiz. Uygun bir \u015fekilde kortejimizi olu\u015fturarak Ankara\u2019ya gidiyoruz\u201d s\u00f6ylemi \u00fczere grubun Fevzipa\u015fa Bulvar\u0131 istikametine do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, ilk a\u015famada yolun tamamen ard\u0131ndan bir \u015feridi a\u00e7\u0131k olacak \u015fekilde Fevzipa\u015fa Bulvar\u0131 giri\u015fine geldikleri, bu noktada \u00c7evik Kuvvet ekiplerince kalkanlarla barikat olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu, grubun barikat\u0131 a\u00e7ma giri\u015fimi esnas\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli bir arbedenin (kamera \u00e7ekimlerinin sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z olmas\u0131 nedeniyle arbede d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir alg\u0131 olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi te\u015fhis yap\u0131lamamas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur) ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn devam\u0131na izin vermemesi nedeniyle bir bekleyi\u015fin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu esnada s\u0131k s\u0131k ses sistemi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla grubun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ancak grubun da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, saat 02:00 civar\u0131nda grubun SGK il binas\u0131n\u0131 bulundu\u011fu istikamete geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile biti\u015fi aras\u0131nda \u201cFa\u015fizmi d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanda bo\u011faca\u011f\u0131z\u201d, \u201cKahrolsun fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u201d, \u201cGerici fa\u015fist halk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 AKP\u201d, \u201cBask\u0131lar bizi y\u0131ld\u0131ramaz\u201d, \u201cHer yer Ankara her yer direni\u015f\u201d, \u201cKurtulu\u015f yok tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya hep beraber ya hi\u00e7 birimiz\u201d, \u201cKahrolsun AKP diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d, \u201cHak verilmez al\u0131n\u0131r zafer sokakta kazan\u0131l\u0131r\u201d, \u201cDirene direne kazanaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d, \u201cFa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 omuz omuza\u201d, \u201cSeyahat hakk\u0131m\u0131z engellenemez\u201d ve \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadelemiz\u201d sloganlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
(2 Nolu Eylem) Kamyonet kasas\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan ses sistemi ile konu\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sloganlar at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, grubun i\u00e7inde yer alan ki\u015filerce \u00fczerinde \u201cGerici fa\u015fist halk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 AKP\u201d, \u201cKindar gen\u00e7li\u011fe hay\u0131r\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6vizlerin ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cTayyip istifa\u201d, \u201cFa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 omuz omuza\u201d, \u201cG\u00fcn gelecek devran d\u00f6necek AKP halka hesap verecek\u201d, \u201cKaranl\u0131\u011fa teslim olmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d, \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d, \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n devrimci dayan\u0131\u015fma\u201d, \u201cZafer direnen emek\u00e7inin olacak\u201d, \u201cAKP\u2019den hesab\u0131 emek\u00e7iler soracak\u201d, \u201cKurtulu\u015f yok tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya hep beraber ya hi\u00e7 birimiz\u201d, \u201cHak verilmez al\u0131n\u0131r zafer sokakta kazan\u0131l\u0131r\u201d, \u201cY\u00fcklen emek\u00e7i barikat\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u201d, \u201cPolis ter\u00f6r\u00fc geri \u00e7ekilsin\u201d, \u201cKahrolsun AKP diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d, \u201cPolis defol bu sokaklar bizim\u201d, \u201c\u0130\u015fte AKP i\u015fte fa\u015fizm\u201d, \u201cE\u011fitimciye de\u011fil \u00e7etelere barikat\u201d, sloganlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Konak Metro istikametinden gelen E\u011fitim Sen \u0130zmir 4 Nolu \u015eubesi pankart\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan grubun \u00f6n\u00fc konak meydan\u0131 giri\u015finde g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerince kesildi\u011fi, istikamet olarak Mustafa Kemal sahil bulvar\u0131n\u0131 takiben Cumhuriyet Bulvar\u0131 giri\u015findeki \u00fcst ge\u00e7itten ge\u00e7erek \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u00f6n\u00fcne gidebilecekleri konusunda ikaz yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, grupta bulunan baz\u0131 ki\u015filerce mesafenin bulunduklar\u0131 noktaya daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u00f6ylemlerde bulunuldu\u011fu, grup ile barikat olu\u015fturan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerince konu\u015fmalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, grubun y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirerek konak iskele istikametine y\u00f6neldi\u011fi bu esnada E\u011fitim Sen \u0130zmir 2 Nolu \u015eubesi pankart\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan grubunda ayn\u0131 noktaya geldi\u011fi, tekrar barikat\u0131n bulundu\u011fu noktaya do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi, sendika y\u00f6neticileri ile g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler oldu\u011fu ancak sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fi ve grubun barikata y\u00f6nelik toplu halde y\u00fcklenme eylemine g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi\u011fi, gruptaki baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin tekme ve yumruklarla g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine vurduklar\u0131, barikat\u0131n k\u0131smi olarak a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak toparlanarak barikat\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu, grubun barikata y\u00f6nelik tekrar a\u00e7ma giri\u015fiminde bulundu\u011fu esnada orant\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde biber gaz\u0131 ile m\u00fcdahale yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, grubun belirtilen g\u00fczergaha do\u011fru y\u00f6neldi\u011fi, ancak bu seferde ara\u00e7 yolundan hareketle belirtilen istikamete do\u011fru y\u00f6neldikleri i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt \u015feritli yolun iki \u015feridini trafi\u011fe kapatt\u0131klar\u0131, ancak bu eylemin sadece grubun \u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fcyenler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi, devam\u0131nda grubun SGK binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde di\u011fer gruplarla birle\u015fti\u011fi, bu olaylar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 esnada SGK il binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde kurulan barikatlardan bir ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n gruplar taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu esnada aralar\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphelilerinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Toma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan tazyikli su s\u0131kmak suretiyle \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 eylemin k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra tekrar edildi\u011fi ve ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Toma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan tazyikli su ve gazl\u0131 su (dosya i\u00e7eri\u011finden edinilen bilgi do\u011frultusunda) s\u0131kmak suretiyle \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, <\/p>\n
T\u00fcm gruplar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131yla birlikte sendika temsilcilerinin \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde oturma eylemi yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131n bu nedenle barikat\u0131n geriye \u00e7ekilmesini talep ettikleri, bu isteklerinin daha sonra kabul edildi\u011fi ve grubun oturma eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n
32. Bilirki\u015fi raporunda ba\u015fvuruculardan Veli \u0130mrak, Tunay \u00d6zayd\u0131n ve Deniz Do\u011fan hakk\u0131nda bir tespit yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin\u2019in birinci eylemde trafi\u011fin aksamas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu, ikinci eylemde grubu y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi, Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in birinci eylemde trafi\u011fin aksamas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu, ikinci eylemde bariyeri zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n birinci eylemde trafi\u011fin aksamas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu, ikinci eylemde elinde bulunan bayrak sopas\u0131yla \u00e7evik kuvvet personeline vurdu\u011fu ve daha sonra sopay\u0131 polise f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bilirki\u015fi raporunda ve an\u0131lan Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l oldu\u011funa dair bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, raporda ve kararda polisin orant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
33. An\u0131lan karara yap\u0131lan itiraz Kar\u015f\u0131yaka 1. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinin 16\/4\/2013 tarihli karar\u0131 ile reddedilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular, karardan 6\/5\/2013 tarihinde haberdar olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
34. Polisin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fezleke kapsam\u0131nda ba\u015fvuruculardan Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin ve Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu 68 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2\/4\/2013 tarih ve 2012\/43840 soru\u015fturma numaral\u0131 iddianamesi ile 28\/3\/2013 tarihinde saat 12:00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ikinci eylemleri kapsam\u0131nda \u201cKanuna Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flere Silahs\u0131z Kat\u0131larak \u0130htara Ra\u011fmen Kendili\u011finden Da\u011f\u0131lmama\u201d su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 talebiyle \u0130zmir 7. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinde kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ddianamede birinci eylemden bahsedilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
35. Mahkeme 9\/12\/2013 tarihli karar\u0131 ile 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 32. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesi gere\u011fince ceza verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na,<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026 her ne kadar san\u0131klar haklar\u0131nda 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Yasas\u0131’na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015fta bulunduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 istemiyle mahkememize kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da, y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen yarg\u0131lama, al\u0131nan savunma ve beyanlar ile dosya i\u00e7erisindeki tutanak ve belgeler ile \u00f6zellikle olaya ili\u015fkin olay yeri g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne dair bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re kamuoyunda 4+4+4 olarak bilinen yasaya y\u00f6nelik olarak bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak amac\u0131yla toplanan san\u0131klar\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki alana grubun Valilik binas\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcyece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle \u0130zsu ile \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi binas\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcmden g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerince ge\u00e7ilmesine engel olunacak \u015fekilde barikat kurulmas\u0131 ve buradan grubun ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin verilmemesi sonras\u0131 tutanaklara k\u0131smen yans\u0131yan, k\u0131smen de CD \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleriyle tespit edilen eylemlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 2911 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 32.maddesinin 3.f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesi yollamas\u0131yla CMK’nun 223\/4\/d-son c\u00fcmlesi gere\u011fince san\u0131klara ceza verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/p>\n
\u015feklindeki gerek\u00e7e ile karar verdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
36. \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 9\/8\/2012 tarih ve 2012\/56697 soru\u015fturma no.lu iddianamesi ile ba\u015fvuruculardan Orhan Bayram ve Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu 35 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnmek su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130zmir 2. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi nezdinde kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
37. Mahkeme, 18\/7\/2013 tarihli karar\u0131 ile \u201csan\u0131klar\u0131n m\u00fcsnet su\u00e7u i\u015flediklerine dair kesin ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delil elde edilemedi\u011fi\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle beraat karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Karar temyiz edilmeden kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili Hukuk<\/p>\n
1. Ulusal Hukuk <\/p>\n
38. 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cHerkes, \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n, bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z olarak kanunlar\u0131n su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirli ama\u00e7larla toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d<\/p>\n
39. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin 2\/3\/2014 tarihli ve 6529 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki hali \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cToplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri, t\u00fcm il veya il\u00e7e s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmlere uyulmak \u015fart\u0131yla her yerde yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
\u015eehir ve kasabalarda ve gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen di\u011fer yerlerde hangi meydan ve a\u00e7\u0131k yerlerde veya yollarda toplant\u0131 veya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131labilece\u011fi ve bu toplant\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in toplanma ve da\u011f\u0131lma yerleri ile izlenecek yol ve y\u00f6nler vali ve kaymakamlarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ara\u00e7larla \u00f6nceden duyrulur. Bu yerler hakk\u0131nda sonradan yap\u0131lacak de\u011fi\u015fiklikler duyurudan onbe\u015f g\u00fcn sonra ge\u00e7erli olur. Toplant\u0131 yerlerinin tespitinde gidi\u015f geli\u015fi, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bozmayacak ve pazarlar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na engel olmayacak bi\u00e7imde, toplant\u0131lar\u0131n genel olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, elektrik tesisat\u0131 olan yerler tercih edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
40. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 22. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cGenel yollar ile parklarda, mabetlerde, kamu hizmeti g\u00f6r\u00fclen bina ve tesislerde ve bunlar\u0131n eklentilerinde ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine bir kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki alan i\u00e7inde toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez.<\/p>\n
Genel meydanlardaki toplant\u0131larda, halk\u0131n ve ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n gelip ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere valilik ve kaymakaml\u0131klarca yap\u0131lacak d\u00fczenlemelere uyulmas\u0131 zorunludur.\u201d<\/p>\n
41. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 23. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201ca) 9 ve 10 uncu madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun bi\u00e7imde bildirim verilmeden veya toplant\u0131 veya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in belirtilen g\u00fcn ve saatten \u00f6nce veya sonra;<\/p>\n
b) (De\u011fi\u015fik bent: 30\/7\/1998 – 4378\/1 md.) Ate\u015fli silahlar veya patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddeler veya her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kesici, delici aletler veya ta\u015f, sopa, demir ve lastik \u00e7ubuklar, bo\u011fma teli veya zincir gibi bereleyici ve bo\u011fucu ara\u00e7lar veya yak\u0131c\u0131, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, yaralay\u0131c\u0131 eczalar veya di\u011fer her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zehirler veya her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sis, gaz ve benzeri maddeler ile yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct ve topluluklara ait amblem ve i\u015faret ta\u015f\u0131narak veya bu i\u015faret ve amblemleri \u00fczerinde bulunduran \u00fcniformay\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131r giysiler giyilerek veya kimliklerini gizlemek amac\u0131yla y\u00fczlerini tamamen veya k\u0131smen bez vesair unsurlarla \u00f6rterek toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine kat\u0131lma ve kanunlar\u0131n su\u00e7 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan afi\u015f, pankart, d\u00f6viz, resim, levha, ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7ler ta\u015f\u0131narak veya bu nitelikte sloganlar s\u00f6ylenerek veya ses cihazlar\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanarak,<\/p>\n
c) 7 nci madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri g\u00f6zetilmeksizin,<\/p>\n
d) 6 ve 10 uncu maddeler gere\u011fince belirtilen yerler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda,<\/p>\n
e) 20 nci maddedeki y\u00f6ntem ve \u015fartlara ve 22 nci maddedeki yasak ve \u00f6nlemlere uyulmaks\u0131z\u0131n,<\/p>\n
f) 4 \u00fcnc\u00fc madde ile Kanun kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lan konularda kendi ama\u00e7, kural ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak,<\/p>\n
g) Kanunlar\u0131n su\u00e7 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 maksatlar i\u00e7in,<\/p>\n
h) Bildirimde belirtilen ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak,<\/p>\n
i) Toplant\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn 14, 15, 16, 17 ve 19 uncu maddelere dayan\u0131larak yasaklanmas\u0131 veya ertelenmesi halinde tespit edilen erteleme veya yasaklama s\u00fcresi sona ermeden,<\/p>\n
j) (De\u011fi\u015fik bent: 2\/3\/2014-6529 S.K.\/9. md) 12 nci madde gere\u011fince toplant\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi h\u00e2linde,<\/p>\n
k) 21 inci madde h\u00fckm\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak,<\/p>\n
l) 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin 2 nci f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne uyulmadan, Yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131lar veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
42. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24. maddesinin 6529 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki hali \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cKanuna uygun olarak ba\u015flayan bir toplant\u0131 veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, daha sonra 23 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddede belirtilen kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 durumlardan bir veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n vuku bulmas\u0131 sebebiyle, Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse:<\/p>\n
a) H\u00fck\u00fcmet komiseri toplant\u0131 veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sona erdi\u011fini bizzat veya d\u00fczenleme kurulu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile toplulu\u011fa ilan eder ve durumu en seri vas\u0131ta ile mahallin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclki amirine bildirir.<\/p>\n
b) Mahallin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclki amiri, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya acele hallerde sonradan yaz\u0131 ile teyit edilmek kayd\u0131yla s\u00f6zl\u00fc emirle, mahallin g\u00fcvenlik amirlerini veya bunlardan birini g\u00f6revlendirerek olay yerine g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n
Bu geli\u015fmeler h\u00fck\u00fcmet komiserince tutanaklarla tespit edilerek en k\u0131sa zamanda mahallin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclki amirine tevdi edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
43. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 32. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c(De\u011fi\u015fik madde: 22\/7\/2010-6008 S.K\/1.md.) Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine kat\u0131lanlar, ihtara ve zor kullanmaya ra\u011fmen da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar ederlerse, alt\u0131 aydan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu su\u00e7u, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc tertip edenlerin i\u015flemesi halinde, bu f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re verilecek ceza yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131larak h\u00fckmolunur.<\/p>\n
\u0130htara ve zor kullanmaya ra\u011fmen kolluk g\u00f6revlilerine kar\u015f\u0131 cebir veya tehdit kullan\u0131larak direnilmesi halinde, ayr\u0131ca 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 265 inci maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 da cezaya h\u00fckmolunur.<\/p>\n
23 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 hallerden biri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeden veya 24 \u00fcnc\u00fc madde h\u00fckm\u00fc yerine getirilmeden yetki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015f\u0131larak toplant\u0131 veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kralarda yaz\u0131l\u0131 fiilleri i\u015fleyenlere verilecek cezalar, d\u00f6rtte bire kadar indirilerek uygulanabilece\u011fi gibi, ceza vermekten de vazge\u00e7ilebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
44. 4\/7\/1934 tarihli ve 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Polis Vazife ve Selahiyet Kanunu\u2019nun 16. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cPolis, g\u00f6revini yaparken direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 halinde, bu direni\u015fi k\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ve k\u0131racak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zor kullanmaya yetkilidir. <\/p>\n
Zor kullanma yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda, direnmenin mahiyetine ve derecesine g\u00f6re ve direnenleri etkisiz hale getirecek \u015fekilde kademeli olarak artan nispette beden\u00ee kuvvet, madd\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kanun\u00ee \u015fartlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde silah kullan\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n
\u0130kinci f\u0131krada yer alan; <\/p>\n
a) Beden\u00ee kuvvet; polisin direnen ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 veya e\u015fya \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 beden\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc, <\/p>\n
b) Madd\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7; polisin direnen ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 veya e\u015fya \u00fczerinde beden\u00ee kuvvetin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kelep\u00e7e, cop, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su, g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gazlar veya tozlar, fizik\u00ee engeller, polis k\u00f6pekleri ve atlar\u0131 ile sair hizmet ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, <\/p>\n
ifade eder. <\/p>\n
Zor kullanmadan \u00f6nce, ilgililere direnmeye devam etmeleri halinde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zor kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ihtar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, direnmenin mahiyeti ve derecesi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, ihtar yap\u0131lmadan da zor kullan\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n
Polis, zor kullanma yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda direnmeyi etkisiz k\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla kullanaca\u011f\u0131 ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7 ile kullanaca\u011f\u0131 zorun derecesini kendisi takdir ve tayin eder. Ancak, toplu kuvvet olarak m\u00fcdahale edilen durumlarda, zor kullanman\u0131n derecesi ile kullan\u0131lacak ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7ler m\u00fcdahale eden kuvvetin amiri taraf\u0131ndan tayin ve tespit edilir.<\/p>\n
Polis, kendisine veya ba\u015fkas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, zor kullanmaya ili\u015fkin ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun me\u015fru savunmaya ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde savunmada bulunur. <\/p>\n
Polis; <\/p>\n
a) Me\u015fru savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, <\/p>\n
b) Beden\u00ee kuvvet ve madd\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak etkisiz hale getiremedi\u011fi direni\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, bu direni\u015fi k\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ve k\u0131racak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, <\/p>\n
c) Hakk\u0131nda tutuklama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma, zorla getirme karar\u0131 veya yakalama emri verilmi\u015f olan ki\u015filerin ya da su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc halinde \u015f\u00fcphelinin yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ve sa\u011flayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde,<\/p>\n
silah kullanmaya yetkilidir. <\/p>\n
Polis, yedinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (c) bendi kapsam\u0131nda silah kullanmadan \u00f6nce ki\u015fiye duyabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde “dur” \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunur. Ki\u015finin bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya uymayarak ka\u00e7maya devam etmesi halinde, \u00f6nce uyar\u0131 amac\u0131yla silahla ate\u015f edilebilir. Buna ra\u011fmen ka\u00e7makta \u0131srar etmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 halinde ise ki\u015finin yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ve sa\u011flayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde silahla ate\u015f edilebilir. <\/p>\n
Polis, direni\u015fi k\u0131rmak ya da yakalamak amac\u0131yla zor veya silah kullanma yetkisini kullan\u0131rken, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 silahla sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs edilmesi halinde, silahla sald\u0131r\u0131ya te\u015febb\u00fcs eden ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 tehlikesini etkisiz k\u0131lacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde duraksamadan silahla ate\u015f edebilir.<\/p>\n
45. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 25\/8\/2011 tarihli \u201cToplumsal Olaylarda G\u00f6revlendirilen Personelin Hareket Usul ve Esaslar\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6nerge\u201dde toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri ile ilgili olarak haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gereken planlar, bu planlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulacak esaslar, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri \u00f6ncesinde al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirler, kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygulanacak taktik, d\u00fczen ve genel prensipler ile m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015flemler belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
46. Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 15\/2\/2008 tarih ve 19 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cG\u00f6z Ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 Gaz Silahlar\u0131 ve M\u00fchimmatlar\u0131\u201d konulu Genelgesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde haz\u0131rlanan \u201cG\u00f6z Ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 Gaz Silahlar\u0131 ve M\u00fchimmatlar\u0131 Kullan\u0131m Talimat\u0131\u201d ile toplumsal olaylara m\u00fcdahale esnas\u0131nda g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. Uluslararas\u0131 Belgeler<\/p>\n
47. 13\/1\/1993 tarihli, Kimyasal Silahlar\u0131n Geli\u015ftirilmesi, \u00dcretimi, Stoklanmas\u0131 ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Yasaklanmas\u0131 ve Bunlar\u0131n \u0130mhas\u0131 \u0130le \u0130lgili S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019ye (\u201cKSS\u201d) g\u00f6re, g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz, kimyasal silah say\u0131lmamakta ve bu t\u00fcr gazlar\u0131n, i\u00e7 ayaklanmalar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, asayi\u015fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmektedir (Madde II \u00a7 7, 9 (d)). KSS, T\u00fcrkiye’de 11\/6\/1997 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
48. Kolluk G\u00f6revlileri Taraf\u0131ndan Zor ve Ate\u015fli Silah Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Temel \u0130lkeler\u2019in (Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) Su\u00e7un \u00d6nlenmesi ve Su\u00e7lular\u0131n Islah\u0131 Sekizinci Kongresi, Havana, 27\/8\/1990 – 7\/9\/1990, BM, A\/CONF.144\/28\/Rev.1, 1990, s. 112-115) ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c3. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc nitelikte olmayan etkisizle\u015ftirici silahlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 hususu, olaylarla ilgisi bulunmayan ki\u015filerin zarar g\u00f6rme riskini en aza indirebilmek amac\u0131yla dikkatli bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir ve bu t\u00fcr silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 titizlikle kontrol edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
(…)<\/p>\n
5. G\u00fc\u00e7 ve ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131n, kanuna uygun olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale geldi\u011finde, kolluk g\u00f6revlileri:<\/p>\n
(a) Bu t\u00fcr ara\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak ba\u015fvurur ve su\u00e7un a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi hedeflenen me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde tasarrufta bulunur;<\/p>\n
(b) Zarar ve yaralanmalar\u0131 en aza indireceklerdir ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterir ve onu korur;<\/p>\n
(c) Yaralananlara veya m\u00fcdahalelerden etkilenenlere, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yard\u0131m ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 temin eder;<\/p>\n
(d) Yaralananlar\u0131n veya m\u00fcdahalelerden etkilenenlerin akrabalar\u0131 veya yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede durumdan haberdar edilmelerini sa\u011flar;<\/p>\n
(\u2026)<\/p>\n
9. Kolluk g\u00f6revlileri; \u00f6l\u00fcm veya a\u011f\u0131r yaralanmaya sebebiyet verecek yak\u0131n bir tehlikeye kars\u0131 kendilerini veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 savunma, ya\u015fam\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde tehdit eden \u00f6zellikle a\u011f\u0131r nitelikli bir su\u00e7un islenmesini \u00f6nleme, bu t\u00fcr bir tehlike yaratan ve emirlere kars\u0131 gelen bir kimseyi yakalama veya bu t\u00fcr bir kimsenin ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme ama\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve s\u00f6z konusu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede daha hafif y\u00f6ntemler yetersiz kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece ba\u015fkalar\u0131na kars\u0131 ate\u015fli silah kullanamaz. Her hal\u00fckarda, ate\u015fli silahlara, ancak ya\u015fam\u0131 koruma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011fu hallerde ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(…)<\/p>\n
12. \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi ve Uluslararas\u0131 Medeni ve Siyasi Haklar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nde yer alan ilkeler uyar\u0131nca herkesin kanuna uygun ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l nitelikli toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verildi\u011finden, H\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve kolluk g\u00fcc\u00fc birimleri ve g\u00f6revlileri, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131n sadece 13 ve 14. ilke h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini kabul edeceklerdir.<\/p>\n
13. Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmakla birlikte \u015fiddet unsuru i\u00e7ermeyen toplant\u0131lar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda, kolluk g\u00f6revlileri g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fvurmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nacaklard\u0131r, veya bunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde, s\u00f6z konusu g\u00fcc\u00fc gereken asgari \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutarlar.<\/p>\n
14. Kolluk g\u00f6revlileri, ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131, sadece daha az tehlikeli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde ve sadece gereken asgari \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullanabilirler. Kolluk g\u00f6revlileri, ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131, 9. ilke kapsam\u0131nda belirtilen durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullanamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
49. BM Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l Toplanma ve G\u00f6steri Yapma \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Raporun (BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komisyonu A\/HRC\/20\/27, 21\/5\/2012) 35. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c35. \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r, g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, g\u00f6stericiler ile g\u00f6sterici olmayanlar, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filer ile sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 olanlar aras\u0131nda fark g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Raport\u00f6r, protestoculara ve dolayl\u0131 olarak, olayla ilgisi olmayan ki\u015filere sadece daha fazla ac\u0131 vermek maksad\u0131yla gaz\u0131n kimyasal bile\u015fiminde yap\u0131labilecek de\u011fi\u015fikliklere kars\u0131 da uyar\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
50. Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ceza veya Muamelenin \u00d6nlenmesi Komitesi (\u201cCPT\u201d), kanunlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr gazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin endi\u015felerini ifade etmi\u015ftir. CPT\u2019nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c(\u2026) Biber gaz\u0131, potansiyel olarak tehlikeli bir maddedir ve kapal\u0131 alanlarda kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k havada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde bile, CPT\u2019nin ciddi \u00e7ekinceleri bulunmaktad\u0131r; istisnai olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde, b\u00f6lgede belirli g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, biber gaz\u0131na maruz kalan ki\u015filer derhal bir doktora ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bu ki\u015filere panzehir sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Biber gaz\u0131, halihaz\u0131rda kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir tutukluya kars\u0131 asla kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (CPT\/Inf (2009) 25).<\/p>\n
51. CPT, Avrupa Konseyi\u2019nin baz\u0131 \u00dcye Devletlerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretlerle ilgili raporlar\u0131nda, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tavsiyelerde bulunmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u201c(\u2026) [A] Biber gaz\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin olarak d\u00fczenlenecek a\u00e7\u0131k bir y\u00f6nerge, en az\u0131ndan \u015fu hususlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermelidir:<\/p>\n
-biber gaz\u0131n\u0131n kapal\u0131 alanlarda kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi, biber gaz\u0131n\u0131n hangi durumlarda kullan\u0131labilece\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131k talimatlar;<\/p>\n
-biber gaz\u0131na maruz kalan tutuklular\u0131n derhal doktora ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na ve kendilerine rahatlat\u0131c\u0131 tedbirlerin sunulmas\u0131na dair haklar\u0131;<\/p>\n
-biber gaz\u0131 kullanma yetkisi verilmi\u015f personelin nitelikleri, e\u011fitimleri ve yeteneklerine ili\u015fkin bilgiler;<\/p>\n
-biber gaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin yeterli bir raporlama ve denetim mekanizmas\u0131 (\u2026)\u201d (ayr\u0131ca bkz. CPT\/Inf (2009) 8).<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
52. Mahkemenin 6\/1\/2015 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n 31\/5\/2013 tarih ve 2013\/3924 numaral\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvurusu incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u0130ddialar\u0131<\/p>\n
53. Ba\u015fvurucular, \u201c\u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim ve E\u011fitim Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Daire Kanun Teklifinin\u201d TBMM\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine 28-29 Mart 2012 tarihlerinde Ankara\u2019da kitlesel bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak amac\u0131yla \u0130zmir\u2019den Ankara\u2019ya toplu olarak hareket etmek istediklerini, ancak Ankara Valili\u011finin kitlesel bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130zmir\u2019de g\u00f6revli g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin otob\u00fcslerin kalkmas\u0131na izin vermediklerini, bunu protesto etmek i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7en grubun ise orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
54. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvurucular, Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerinin engellenmesini ve an\u0131lan kanun teklifi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerini protesto etmek i\u00e7in ertesi g\u00fcn topland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ancak \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan gruba orant\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fini ve bunun sonucunda ba\u015fvuruculardan Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin, Orhan Bayram ve Veli \u0130mrak\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcdahale s\u0131ras\u0131nda yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
55. Ba\u015fvurucular, meydana gelen iki eylemde de g\u00f6steri yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi ve yap\u0131lan g\u00f6sterilerde polisin orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131 ve sorumlular hakk\u0131nda etkin bir soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17., 25., 26. ve 34. maddelerinde tan\u0131mlanan ki\u015finin maddi ve manevi b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyeti ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n
B. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
56. Ba\u015fvurucular, e\u011fitim sisteminde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler getiren kanun teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 kitlesel bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lacak toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n polis taraf\u0131ndan engellenmesinin ve bu engellemeye kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0130zmir Konak Meydan\u0131nda ve ertesi g\u00fcn \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7tikleri esnada polisin m\u00fcdahalesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 25., 26. ve 34. maddelerinde tan\u0131mlanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyeti ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca polisin fiziksel m\u00fcdahalesinin orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle yaralanmalar\u0131n\u0131n da Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
57. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 25. ve 26. maddelerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyetinin de ihlal edildi\u011fine dair iddialar\u0131 ba\u015fvurunun niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 ve polisin m\u00fcdahalesi ile yaralanmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131 da Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
58. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, bireysel ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirli\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir de\u011ferlendirmede bulunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
59. 30\/3\/2011 tarih ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cBireysel ba\u015fvuru usul\u00fc\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 47. maddesinin (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cBireysel ba\u015fvurunun, ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketildi\u011fi tarihten; ba\u015fvuru yolu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fse ihlalin \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren otuz g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
60. Bireysel ba\u015fvuru konusu birinci eylem ve ikinci eyleme y\u00f6nelik olarak ba\u015fvurucular bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde eylemleri ay\u0131rmadan \u0130zmir \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ile ilgili \u015fube m\u00fcd\u00fcrleri ve polis memurlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u201cdemokratik haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek, i\u015ftirak halinde, orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak g\u00f6revini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin n\u00fcfuzunu k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak suretiyle kasten yaralama\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na 2\/4\/2012 tarihinde \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esinde birinci eyleme ili\u015fkin olarak Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerinin engellenmesinden ve daha sonra polisin fiziksel m\u00fcdahale yapmas\u0131ndan, ikinci eyleme ili\u015fkin olarak g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc esnas\u0131nda polisin sert m\u00fcdahalesinden bahsetmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
61. Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, an\u0131lan \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esi \u00fczerine 9\/5\/2012 tarih ve K.2012\/848 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile birinci ve ikinci eyleme ili\u015fkin olarak ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetlerini belirterek her iki eylemi bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde de\u011ferlendirerek ve g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7unun soru\u015fturma usul\u00fc farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, zor kullanma yetkisine ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden dosyan\u0131n tefrikine karar vermi\u015ftir. Kararda eylemler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmayarak bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7u de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin olarak Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 26\/11\/2012 tarihli incelemeye yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar\u0131nda (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 27- 29) her iki eylem bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde de\u011ferlendirilerek iki g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde meydana gelen t\u00fcm olaylar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan soru\u015fturma izni verilmedi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
62. Di\u011fer taraftan Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 zor kullanma yetkisi konusundaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturmada yine bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak her iki eylemde meydana gelen m\u00fcdahaleleri belirterek soru\u015fturma sonucunda kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 29). Karara yap\u0131lan itiraz Kar\u015f\u0131yaka 1. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan 16\/4\/2013 tarihinde reddedilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular, karardan 6\/5\/2013 tarihinde haberdar olmu\u015flar ve 31\/5\/2013 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla birinci ve ikinci eylem, ba\u015fvurucular ve \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda bireysel ba\u015fvuruya dair sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirmenin, birinci ve ikinci eylemin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kabul edilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. Bununla birlikte toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc esnas\u0131nda meydana gelen m\u00fcdahalelere ve sonucunda yaralanmalara ili\u015fin olarak adli makamlara yap\u0131lacak \u015fik\u00e2yetleri bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 ile k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir ba\u015fvuru olarak kabul edilerek (benzer y\u00f6nde A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Pekaslan\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No. 4572\/06 ve 5684\/06, 20\/3\/2012; \u00d6zalp Ulusoy\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 9049\/06, 4\/6\/2013; Oya Ataman\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 74552\/01, 5\/12\/2006, Gazio\u011flu ve di\u011ferleri\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 29835\/05, 17\/5\/2011; Bi\u00e7ici\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 30357\/05, 27\/5\/2010; Bal\u00e7\u0131k ve di\u011ferleri\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 25\/02, 29\/11\/2007) ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lan karar\u0131 ile t\u00fcketildi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda somut olayda, ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131 t\u00fcketildikten sonra s\u00fcresinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
63. Ba\u015fvuruculardan Tunay \u00d6zayd\u0131n ve Deniz Do\u011fan m\u00fcdahale s\u0131ras\u0131nda yaralanmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak (bkz. \u00a7 24) \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmu\u015flar ise de ba\u015fvuru formu ve daha sonraki eksiklik bildirimine verilen cevapta ba\u015fvurucular Tunay \u00d6zayd\u0131n ve Deniz Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n yaralanmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir iddiada bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu ki\u015filerin yaralanmalar\u0131na neden olan olaylara ili\u015fkin k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca inceleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
64. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurusunun, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir. \u00dcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
a. K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlali \u0130ddias\u0131<\/p>\n
65. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Herkes, ya\u015fama, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
Kimseye i\u015fkence ve eziyet yap\u0131lamaz; kimse insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan bir cezaya veya muameleye tabi tutulamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
66. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin (S\u00f6zle\u015fme) \u201c\u0130\u015fkence Yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cHi\u00e7 kimse i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza veya muamelelere tabi tutulamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
67. Ba\u015fvurucular, 28\/3\/2012 tarihinde d\u00fczenledikleri ikinci eylemde kanun teklifine ve Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerine izin verilmemesine kar\u015f\u0131 ifade ve tepki haklar\u0131n\u0131 demokratik olarak kullanmak istediklerini, ancak \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin gruba sert m\u00fcdahalesi esnas\u0131nda yaraland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (bkz. \u00a7 24) ve buna ili\u015fkin olarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yette \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca etkili soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeden, failleri dahi tespit edilmeden takipsizlik karar\u0131 verildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
68. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak esas ve usul y\u00f6n\u00fcnden olmak \u00fczere iki ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esas y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede olaya ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ve bilirki\u015fi raporu incelendi\u011finde m\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinin daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131labilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Usul y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede ba\u015fvuruculara m\u00fcdahale eden g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri hakk\u0131nda gerekli soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve neticesinde kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar verildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
69. Ba\u015fvurucular, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 verdikleri 9\/4\/2014 havale tarihli beyanlar\u0131nda, yap\u0131lan protestonun kanun teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 kamuoyunun dikkatini bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olarak \u00e7ekme amac\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, bu sebeple a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak soru\u015fturma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
70. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin incelenmesinin, devletin negatif ve pozitif sorumlulu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak maddi ve usuli boyutlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu nedenle ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n somut olaydaki \u015fik\u00e2yetleri, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda devletin maddi ve usuli y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilecektir. <\/p>\n
i. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. Maddesinin Maddi Boyutunun \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fi \u0130ddias\u0131 <\/p>\n
71. Ba\u015fvurucular, kanun teklifine ve Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerine izin verilmemesine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l nitelikte oldu\u011funu ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdahalenin yersiz, sert ve orant\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n
72. Herkesin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda insan onurunun korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da kimseye \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d ve \u201ceziyet\u201d yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, kimsenin \u201cinsan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan\u201d ceza veya muameleye tabi tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir (B.No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014, \u00a7 80).<\/p>\n
73. Devletin, bireyin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6ncelikle kamu otoritelerinin bu hakka m\u00fcdahale etmemelerini, yani an\u0131lan maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen \u015fekillerde ki\u015filerin fiziksel ve ruhsal zarar g\u00f6rmelerine neden olmamalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Bu, devletin v\u00fccut ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumadan kaynaklanan negatif \u00f6devidir (B.No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014, \u00a7 81). <\/p>\n
74. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 3. maddesi s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6ng\u00f6rmemekte ve i\u015fkence, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 muamele ve cezalar\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n mutlak mahiyetini belirtmektedir. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlak mahiyeti Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 15. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda belirtilen sava\u015f veya ulusun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden ba\u015fka bir genel tehlike halinde dahi istisna \u00f6ng\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 15. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda da benzer bir d\u00fczenleme ile k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir istisna \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir (bkz. Selmouni\/Fransa [BD], B.No 25803\/94, 28\/7\/1999, \u00a7 95; Assenov ve di\u011ferleri\/Bulgaristan, B.No: 24760\/94, 28\/10\/1998, \u00a7 93). <\/p>\n
75. \u00d6te yandan, bir muamelenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na girebilmesi i\u00e7in asgari bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k derecesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu asgari e\u015fik g\u00f6receli olup, her olayda asgari e\u015fi\u011fin a\u015f\u0131l\u0131p a\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri dikkate al\u0131narak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bu ba\u011flamda muamelenin s\u00fcresi, fiziksel ve ruhsal etkileri ile ma\u011fdurun cinsiyeti, ya\u015f\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu gibi fakt\u00f6rler \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r (B.No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 23). De\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nacak bu unsurlara muamelenin amac\u0131 ve kast\u0131 ile ard\u0131ndaki saik de eklenebilir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Aksoy\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 21987\/93, 18\/12\/1996, \u00a7 64; E\u011fmez\/K\u0131br\u0131s, B.No: 30873\/96, 21\/12\/2000, \u00a7 78; Krastanov\/Bulgaristan, B. No: 50222\/99, 30\/9\/2004, \u00a7 53). Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelenin, heyecan\u0131n ve duygular\u0131n y\u00fckseldi\u011fi ba\u011flamda meydana gelip gelmedi\u011finin tespiti de (bkz. E\u011fmez\/K\u0131br\u0131s, \u00a7 53; Selmouni\/Fransa, \u00a7 104) dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerdir.<\/p>\n
76. Anayasa ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme taraf\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele, ki\u015fi \u00fczerindeki etkisi g\u00f6zetilerek derecelendirilmi\u015f ve farkl\u0131 kavramlarla ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en ifadeler aras\u0131nda bir yo\u011funluk fark\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bir muamelenin \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilmeyece\u011fini belirleyebilmek i\u00e7in, an\u0131lan f\u0131krada ge\u00e7en \u201ceziyet\u201d ve \u201cinsan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan\u201d muamele kavramlar\u0131 ile i\u015fkence aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131ma bakmak gerekmektedir. Bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n Anayasa taraf\u0131ndan, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ve zalimane ac\u0131lara neden olan kasti insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muamelelerdeki \u00f6zel duruma i\u015faret etmek ve bir derecelendirme yapmak amac\u0131yla getirildi\u011fi ve an\u0131lan ifadelerin 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d, \u201ceziyet\u201d ve \u201chakaret\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n unsurlar\u0131ndan daha geni\u015f ve farkl\u0131 bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (B.No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014, \u00a7 84).<\/p>\n
77. Buna g\u00f6re anayasal d\u00fczenleme ba\u011flam\u0131nda ki\u015finin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne en fazla zarar veren muamelelerin \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d olarak belirlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (B. No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 22). <\/p>\n
78. \u201c\u0130\u015fkence\u201d seviyesine varmayan fakat yine de \u00f6nceden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, uzun bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde saatlerce uygulanm\u0131\u015f ve fiziki yaralanmaya veya yo\u011fun maddi veya manevi \u0131st\u0131raba sebep olan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muameleler \u201ceziyet\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir (B.No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 22). Bu hallerde meydana gelen ac\u0131, me\u015fru bir muamele ya da cezada ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir unsur olarak bulunan ac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7melidir. \u0130\u015fkenceden farkl\u0131 olarak \u201ceziyet\u201dte, \u0131zd\u0131rap verme kast\u0131n\u0131n belli bir ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 aranmaz. (Benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130rlanda\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, B.No: 5310\/71, 18\/1\/1978, \u00a7 167; E\u011fmez\/K\u0131br\u0131s, \u00a7 78). A\u0130HM, fiziksel sald\u0131r\u0131, darp, psikolojik sorgu teknikleri, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fartlarda tutma, ki\u015fiyi k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele g\u00f6rece\u011fi bir yere s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da iade etme, devletin g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda ki\u015finin kaybolmas\u0131, ki\u015finin evinin yok edilmesi, \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n uzunca bir s\u00fcre beklenilmesinin do\u011furdu\u011fu korku ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131 gibi muameleleri \u201cinsanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muameleler\u201d olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u0130rlanda\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, B.No: 5310\/71, 18\/1\/1978; Ila\u015fcu ve di\u011ferleri\/Moldova ve Rusya, [BD], B.No: 48787\/99, 8\/7\/2004, \u00a7\u00a7 432-438; Soering\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, B.No: 14038\/88, 7\/7\/1989, \u00a7 91; Jabari\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 40035\/98, 11\/7\/2000, \u00a7\u00a7 41-42; Giusto\/\u0130talya, B.No: 38972\/06, 15\/5\/2007). Bu nitelikteki muameleler Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u201ceziyet\u201d olarak nitelendirilebilir. <\/p>\n
79. Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilecek ve utand\u0131rabilecek \u015fekilde kendilerinde korku, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclme, elem ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanma duygusu uyand\u0131ran veya ma\u011fduru kendi iradesine ve vicdan\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde hareket etmeye s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikteki daha hafif muamelelerin ise \u201cinsan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan\u201d muamele veya ceza olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Benzer y\u00f6ndeki bir karar i\u00e7in bkz. B.No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 22). Burada \u201ceziyet\u201dten fakl\u0131 olarak, ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde uygulanan muamele, fiziksel ya da ruhsal ac\u0131dan \u00f6te k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc veya al\u00e7alt\u0131c\u0131 bir etki olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r (B.No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014, .\u00a7 89). <\/p>\n
80. Bir muamelenin bu kavramlardan hangisini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu belirleyebilmek i\u00e7in her somut olay kendi \u00f6zel ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Muamelenin kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 onun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ve insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan nitelikte olup olmamas\u0131nda rol oynasa da, baz\u0131 durumlarda ki\u015finin kendi g\u00f6z\u00fcnde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fmesi de bu seviyedeki bir k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele i\u00e7in yeterli olabilmektedir. (Benzer A\u0130HM karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Pretty\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, B.No: 2346\/02, 29\/4\/2002, \u00a7 52). Ayr\u0131ca muamelenin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ya da al\u00e7altma kast\u0131 ile yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nsa da b\u00f6yle bir amac\u0131n belirlenememesi, k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ihlali olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmeyecektir. (Benzer A\u0130HM karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. V\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, [BD], B.No: 24888\/94, 16\/12\/1999, \u00a7 71). Bir muamele hem insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131\/eziyet hem de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131\/insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele niteli\u011finde olabilir (benzer A\u0130HM karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130rlanda\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k). Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fkence, ayn\u0131 zamanda insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele olu\u015ftururken, insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan her a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131\/eziyet niteli\u011finde olmayabilir. Tutulma ko\u015fullar\u0131, tutulanlara yap\u0131lan uygulamalar, ayr\u0131mc\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar, devlet g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan sarf edilen hakaretamiz ifadeler, engelli kimselerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi olumsuz durumlar, ki\u015fiye normal olmayan baz\u0131 \u015feyleri yedirme i\u00e7irme gibi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muameleler \u201cinsan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan\u201d muamele olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir (B.No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014, \u00a7 90).<\/p>\n
81. Di\u011fer taraftan Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesi ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 3. maddesi bir yakalamay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamamaktad\u0131r. Ancak, bu t\u00fcr bir g\u00fc\u00e7 sadece ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ve asla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olmamak kayd\u0131yla kullan\u0131labilmektedir (Bkz. Ivan Vasilev\/Bulgaristan, B.No. 48130\/99, 12\/4\/2007, \u00a7 63). Ayr\u0131ca, ki\u015finin kendi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan veya tutumundan dolay\u0131 fiziksel g\u00fcce ba\u015fvurmak kesinlikle zorunlu hale gelmedik\u00e7e, bu neviden fiiller, prensip olarak, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 3. maddesinde belirtilen yasa\u011f\u0131 ihlal edecektir. Bu ba\u011flamda, A\u0130HM, su\u00e7la m\u00fccadeleye \u00f6zg\u00fc ink\u00e2r edilemez zorluklar\u0131n, bireylerin v\u00fccut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sa\u011flanacak korumaya s\u0131n\u0131rlar koymas\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 k\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir (bkz. Ribitsch\/Av\u0131\u0131sturya, B.No: 18896\/91, 4\/12\/1995, \u00a7 38).<\/p>\n
82. Sadece s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belli baz\u0131 durumlarda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan fiziksel g\u00fcce ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilebilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinde yakalamay\u0131 gerektiren durumlarda ve g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n kendi tutumundan dolay\u0131 fiziksel g\u00fcce ba\u015fvurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak bu durumda dahi bu t\u00fcr bir g\u00fcce sadece ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hallerde ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olmak ko\u015fuluyla ba\u015fvurulabilir.<\/p>\n
83. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele konusundaki iddialar, uygun delillerle desteklenmelidir. (Benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Klaas\/Almanya, B.No: 15473\/89, 22\/9\/1993, \u00a7 30). \u0130ddia edilen olaylar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini tespit etmek i\u00e7in, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc makul \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak kan\u0131tlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerekir (bkz. Tepe\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 31247\/96, 21 Aral\u0131k 2004, \u00a7 48). Bu nitelikteki bir kan\u0131t, yeterince ciddi, a\u00e7\u0131k ve tutarl\u0131 emarelerden ya da aksi ispat edilemeyen birtak\u0131m karinelerden de olu\u015fabilir. (Benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130rlanda\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, \u00a7 161; Labita\/\u0130talya, B.No: 26772\/95, 6 Nisan 2000, \u00a7 121).<\/p>\n
84. Somut olayda, ba\u015fvurucular, doktor raporu ile tespit edilen (bkz. \u00a7 24) ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc soru\u015fturmaya konu olan m\u00fcdahalesinden kaynaklanan (bkz. \u00a7 30) baz\u0131 yaralanmalara maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturma sonucunda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesinin yasal zor kullanma yetkisinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile takipsizlik karar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 30). Bahse konu kararda, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahale d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir olaydan kaynaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair herhangi bir iddia de\u011ferlendirilmemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n yaralanmalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
85. \u0130kinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda usul\u00fcne uygun bildirim yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa dahi polisin gerekli \u00f6nlemleri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan b\u00f6lgeye giden yollar bir\u00e7ok polis taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenlik alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, ba\u015fvuru konusu olay\u0131n \u00f6zel \u015fartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmadan m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir (bkz. Rehbock\/Slovenya, B.No: 29462\/95, 28\/11\/2000, \u00a7 72). Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn kamu d\u00fczenini tehlikeye sokmas\u0131 \u00fczerine gerekli g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ani bir m\u00fcdahale yapmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fine dair bir bulguya rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin muhtemel risklere kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nabilecek gerekli \u00f6nlemleri planlamak i\u00e7in yeterli zamana sahip olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
86. Bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in Valilik binas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne gitmek isteyen iki ayr\u0131 grup iki ayr\u0131 polis barikat\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde durdurulmu\u015ftur. Gruplar\u0131n Valilik binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapma talebi polis taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine birinci grup i\u00e7erisinde bulunan ki\u015filerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 bariyerleri y\u0131k\u0131p g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 20). Di\u011fer grup da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde polisin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini ge\u00e7mek istemi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 21). Her iki olaya ili\u015fkin olarak sadece ba\u015fvuruculardan Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n polis bariyerlerini y\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p polise sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan izlenmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in de barikatlar\u0131 y\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak polis m\u00fcdahalesinden sonra geri \u00e7ekildi\u011fi, polise sald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu esnada herhangi bir darbe almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n aktif olarak polis barikat\u0131n\u0131 veya g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan ve bilirki\u015fi raporundan tespit edilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
87. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvuruculardan Orhan Bayram ve Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe devam etmek isteyen ki\u015filere g\u00f6revli memura kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnme su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan davada \u0130zmir 2. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesince beraat karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 37-38). Ayr\u0131ca \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlat\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporunda da Orhan Bayram d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n m\u00fcdahaleyi gerektirecek herhangi bir eylemde bulunduklar\u0131 tespit edilememi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131 veya g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. <\/p>\n
88. Ba\u015fvuruculardan Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n ikinci eylemde polis barikat\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in elindeki bayrak sopas\u0131yla g\u00f6revli \u00e7evik kuvvet polislerine vurdu\u011fu ve daha sonra flama sopas\u0131n\u0131 polise kar\u015f\u0131 f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilirki\u015fi raporu (bkz. \u00a7 31) ve izlenen kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet uygulayan ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 polisin m\u00fcdahale etmesi kabul edilebilir. Ancak her hal\u00fckarda m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
89. Ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131na dair 28\/3\/2012 tarihli raporda d\u00fc\u015fme sonucu sa\u011f omuzda a\u011fr\u0131 \u015fikayeti \u00fczerine iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fg\u00f6remezlik raporu verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun daha sonraki muayenelerinde sa\u011f omzunda minimal deplase av\u00fclsiyon frakt\u00fcr\u00fc tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucular a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu gibi Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131na neden olan polis m\u00fcdahalesinin nerede oldu\u011fu ba\u015fvuru formunda ve yap\u0131lan Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k olarak belirtilmemi\u015ftir. \u0130zlenen kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda polisin Orhan Bayram\u2019a m\u00fcdahalesinin TOMA ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan tazyikli su s\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelebilece\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda bariyerleri a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve polise kar\u015f\u0131 sopa ile sald\u0131ran ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131na neden olan m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
90. Ba\u015fvuruculardan \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin\u2019in 28\/3\/2012 tarihli adli muayene raporunda g\u00f6z\u00fcne biber gaz\u0131 geldi\u011fi, g\u00f6zde yanma ve batma oldu\u011fu, g\u00f6zde k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve ila\u00e7 verildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun, doktor raporuna esas yaralar\u0131n\u0131n nerede, nas\u0131l oldu\u011fu ba\u015fvuru formunda veya soru\u015fturma evrak\u0131nda belirtilmemi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan ve bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun polise kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir sald\u0131r\u0131da bulundu\u011fu tespit edilmemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun, g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruba y\u00f6nelik polis m\u00fcdahalesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda biber gaz\u0131ndan etkilendi\u011fi kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
91. Biber gaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Tabipler Birli\u011finin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cToplumsal Olaylarda Kullan\u0131lan Kimyasal Silahlara \u0130li\u015fkin Bilgi Notu\u201dnda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan gaz\u0131n solunum darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bulant\u0131 kusma, tahri\u015f gibi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n olabilece\u011fi, hatta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklarda, ya\u015fl\u0131larda, gebelerde ve kronik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 olanlarda \u00f6l\u00fcme varabilecek daha vahim sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir (http:\/\/www.ttb.org.tr\/index.php\/Haberler\/kimyasal-3838.html). <\/p>\n
92. Polisin toplumsal olaylara m\u00fcdahalesinde ara\u00e7 olarak kabul edilen ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 mevzuatta yasak olmayan biber gaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m usullerinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen kriterlerin, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda asgari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n denetlenmesi gerekir. Ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda izlenen kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve ba\u015fvuru formunda g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan grup d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki g\u00f6stericilere do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahale oldu\u011fu tespit edilmemi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz\u0131n do\u011fal etkisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucuda bir yaralanma olmam\u0131\u015f ve gaz\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir doktor raporu veya kamera kayd\u0131na rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun biber gaz\u0131ndan etkilenmesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda asgari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez (Benzer bir karar i\u00e7in Oya Ataman\/T\u00fcrkiye, \u00a7 25-26).<\/p>\n
93. Ba\u015fvurucu Veli \u0130mrak\u2019\u0131n 28\/3\/2012 tarihli ge\u00e7ici adli muayene raporunda ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n solunda sa\u00e7l\u0131 b\u00f6lgede 2-3 cm.lik kesi oldu\u011fu, hayati tehlikesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, basit t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale ile giderilebilecek nitelikte yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun, doktor raporuna esas yaras\u0131n\u0131n nerede, nas\u0131l oldu\u011fu ba\u015fvuru formunda veya soru\u015fturma evrak\u0131nda belirtilmemi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan ve bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun polise kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun, g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruba y\u00f6nelik polis m\u00fcdahalesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
94. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinde polisin m\u00fcdahalesi esnas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan panik ve karma\u015fada g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lan ancak m\u00fcdahale edilmesi gerekmeyen ki\u015filerin de m\u00fcdahaleden etkilenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu durumda polisin kontroll\u00fc hareket etmesi ve m\u00fcdahaleyi gerektiren durumu yaratan ki\u015filer d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerin m\u00fcdahaleden etkilenmemesi i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri almas\u0131 beklenir. Ancak m\u00fcdahalenin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karma\u015fa ve panik ortam\u0131nda bu tedbirlerin polis taraf\u0131ndan mutlak olarak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n zorlu\u011funu da kabul etmek gerekir. Ba\u015fvurucunun kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6steride polisin sadece barikatlar\u0131 a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filere m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 141-145), ba\u015fvurucunun bu esnada yaralanm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi ve yaralanman\u0131n basit t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale ile giderilebilecek nitelikte oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ba\u015fvurucunun yaralanmas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda asgari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. <\/p>\n
95. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucu Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in yaralanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, ba\u015fvurucunun polise sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n saptanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hakk\u0131nda yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 i\u015flemleri yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yaralar\u0131n\u0131n burun k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 gibi a\u011f\u0131r nitelikte oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde asgari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011finin a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tespitten sonra polis taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan eylemin hangi boyuta ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bu kapsamda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir eylemi tespit olunmayan ve toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l \u015fekilde kullanan ba\u015fvurucunun raporunda belirtilen hususlar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ve polisin m\u00fcdahalesinin ba\u015fvurucuya fiziksel sald\u0131r\u0131 ve darp \u015feklinde meydana geldi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201ceziyet\u201d olarak nitelendirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (bkz., \u00a7\u00a7 79-81). <\/p>\n
96. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019a yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fundan ve ba\u015fvurucular \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin ve Veli \u0130mrak\u2019\u0131n yaralanmalar\u0131 asgari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n esas y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ihlal edilmedi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
97. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvurucu Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesi ile maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 eylemden dolay\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, maddi boyutu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ii. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. Maddesinin Usul Boyutunun \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fi \u0130ddias\u0131 Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
98. Ba\u015fvurucular, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu yaralanmalar\u0131na ve b\u00f6ylelikle k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet \u00fczerine \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkin bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fctmeden, faillerin kimliklerini dahi belirlemeden kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
99. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen hak kapsam\u0131nda, devletin, pozitif bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olarak, yetki alan\u0131nda bulunan t\u00fcm bireylerin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma hakk\u0131n\u0131 gerek kamusal makamlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer bireylerin, gerekse ki\u015finin kendisinin eylemlerinden kaynaklanabilecek risklere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Devlet, bireyin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tehlikeden, tehditten ve \u015fiddetten korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (B. No: 2012\/752, 17\/9\/2013, \u00a7 51).<\/p>\n
100. Devletin, bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sadece esasa ili\u015fkin olmay\u0131p usuli boyutu da i\u00e7ermektedir. Usuli y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, Anayasa\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen haklar\u0131n teorik veya hayali olmay\u0131p etkili ve uygulanabilir olmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu bir sonucudur. Aksi takdirde polis veya di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin ihlali iddialar\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temel ve mutlak niteli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, uygulamada etkisiz kalacakt\u0131r ve baz\u0131 durumlarda devlet g\u00f6revlilerinin cezas\u0131z kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r (bkz. Assenov ve di\u011ferleri\/Bulgaristan, B.No: 24760\/94, 28\/10\/1998, \u00a7 102; Labita\/\u0130talya, B.No: 26772\/95, 6\/4\/2000, \u00a7\u00a7 131-136). Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede devlet, do\u011fal olmayan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fiziksel ve ruhsal sald\u0131r\u0131 olay\u0131n\u0131n sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesini ve gerekiyorsa cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek etkili resmi bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fctmek durumundad\u0131r. Bu tarz bir soru\u015fturman\u0131n temel amac\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nleyen hukukun etkin bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye almak ve kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin ya da kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylarda, bunlar\u0131n sorumluluklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda meydana gelen olaylar i\u00e7in hesap vermelerini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r (Benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Anguelova\/Bulgaristan, B.No: 38361\/97, 13\/6\/2002, \u00a7 137; Jasinskis\/Letonya, B.No: 45744\/08, 21\/12\/2010, \u00a7 72).<\/p>\n
101. Buna g\u00f6re bireyin, bir devlet g\u00f6revlisi taraf\u0131ndan hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesini ihlal eder bi\u00e7imde bir muameleye tabi tutuldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin savunulabilir bir iddias\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesi, \u201cDevletin temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revleri\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. maddedeki genel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckle birlikte yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda etkili resmi bir soru\u015fturman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Bu soru\u015fturma, sorumlular\u0131n belirlenmesini ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eayet bu olanakl\u0131 olmazsa, bu madde, sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6neme ra\u011fmen pratikte etkisiz hale gelecek ve baz\u0131 hallerde devlet g\u00f6revlilerinin fiili dokunulmazl\u0131ktan yararlanarak, kontrolleri alt\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015filerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 istismar etmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r (B.No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 25; benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Corsacov\/Moldova, B.No: 18944\/02, 4\/4\/2006, \u00a7 68).<\/p>\n
102. Devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda bazen tek ba\u015f\u0131na soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yahut da yeterli soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele te\u015fkil edebilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u015fartlar ne olursa olsun, yetkililer resmi \u015fik\u00e2yet yap\u0131l\u0131r yap\u0131lmaz harekete ge\u00e7melidirler. \u015eik\u00e2yet yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile i\u015fkence veya k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren yeterli kesin belirtiler oldu\u011funda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda soru\u015fturman\u0131n derhal ba\u015flamas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bi\u00e7imde, kamu denetimine tabi olarak \u00f6zenli ve s\u00fcratli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak etkili olmas\u0131 gerekir (B. No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 25; benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Bat\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri\/T\u00fcrkiye, 33097\/96 – 57834\/00, 3\/6\/2004, \u00a7\u00a7 133, 134). <\/p>\n
103. Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131, sorumlular\u0131n tespitine ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n verecek \u015fekilde etkili ve yeterli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Soru\u015fturman\u0131n etkili ve yeterli oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edebilmek i\u00e7in soru\u015fturma makamlar\u0131n\u0131n resen harekete ge\u00e7erek olay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatabilecek ve sorumlular\u0131n tespitine yarayabilecek b\u00fct\u00fcn delilleri toplamalar\u0131 gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi soru\u015fturma ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve derinlikli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmelidir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle yetkililer, olay ve olgular\u0131 ciddiyetle \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve soru\u015fturmay\u0131 sonland\u0131rmak ya da kararlar\u0131n\u0131 temellendirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abuk ve temelden yoksun sonu\u00e7lara dayanmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar (bkz. B.No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014, \u00a7 113; Assenov ve di\u011ferleri\/Bulgaristan, B.No: 24760\/94, 28\/10\/1998, \u00a7 103; Bat\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 33097\/96 – 57834\/00, 3\/6\/2004, \u00a7 136). Bu kapsamda yetkililer di\u011fer deliller yan\u0131nda g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ifadeleri ile kriminalistik bilirki\u015fi incelemeleri d\u00e2hil s\u00f6z konusu olayla ilgili kan\u0131tlar\u0131 toplamak i\u00e7in alabilecekleri b\u00fct\u00fcn makul tedbirleri almal\u0131d\u0131rlar (bkz. B.No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014, \u00a7 113; Tanr\u0131kulu\/T\u00fcrkiye [BD], B.No: 23763\/94, 8\/7\/1999, \u00a7 104; G\u00fcl\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 22676\/93, 14\/12\/2000, \u00a7 89). <\/p>\n
104. Ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda, ba\u015fvurucu Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, polisin m\u00fcdahalesi ile meydana gelen yaralanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak ilgili sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funa ba\u015fvurmu\u015f ve bu raporla birlikte polisin haks\u0131z ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi iddias\u0131 ile \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nezdinde \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmu\u015ftur. Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fik\u00e2yetlere ili\u015fkin olarak, ba\u015fvurucunun ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 beyan\u0131n\u0131 almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi faillerin tespitine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctmeden, yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucunun polis m\u00fcdahalesini gerektirecek bir eyleminin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan ve bilirki\u015fi raporunda ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n polise sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131na dair bir tespit olmadan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaralanman\u0131n nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fi tespit edilmeden sadece dosya \u00fczerinden orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k incelemesi yaparak takipsizlik karar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucu Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik etkin bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeden polislerin zor kullanma yetkilerini a\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na dair inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delil ve emare elde edilemedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar veril\u015fmi\u015fitir.<\/p>\n
105. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucular \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin ve Veli \u0130mrak\u2019\u0131n iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak polisin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdahalenin do\u011frudan kendilerine y\u00f6nelik olmay\u0131p gerekli bir m\u00fcdahalenin istenmeyen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu kapsamda Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda gerekli asgari e\u015fi\u011fi a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir (bkz., \u00a7\u00a7 91-95). Bu durumda ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinin, ki\u015finin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma hakk\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 veya S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 8. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda kal\u0131p kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir (B.No:2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 24). Bu ba\u011flamda toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda maruz kal\u0131nan ve asgari e\u015fi\u011fi a\u015fmayan gazdan etkilenme hususunda ki\u015finin maddi ve manevi b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmesini gerektirecek herhangi bir konuya rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin ve Veli \u0130mrak\u2019\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n usuli boyutu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlal edilmedi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
106. Ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak, ba\u015fvurucunun polise kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bilirki\u015fi raporu ile tespit edildi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucuya yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n doktor raporu ile tespit edilebildi\u011fi, bu kapsamda yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturman\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n iddialar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
107. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma etkin oldu\u011fundan, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, usul boyutu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlal bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
108. Ba\u015fvurucular \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin ve Veli \u0130mrak\u2019\u0131n yaralanmalar\u0131 asgari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlal edilmedi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
109. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvurucu Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesi ile maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 eylemden dolay\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, usul boyutu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc D\u00fczenleme Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlali \u0130ddias\u0131 <\/p>\n
110. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cHerkes, \u00f6nceden izin almadan, silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 ancak, milli g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usuller kanunda g\u00f6sterilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
111. S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 11. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c1. Herkes bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olarak toplanma ve dernek kurma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu hak, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla birlikte sendikalar kurma ve sendikalara \u00fcye olma hakk\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
2. Bu haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yasayla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve demokratik bir toplum i\u00e7inde ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131, kamu d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabi tutulamaz. Bu madde, silahl\u0131 kuvvetler, kolluk kuvvetleri veya devlet idaresi mensuplar\u0131nca yukarda an\u0131lan haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na me\u015fru s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmesine engel de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n
112. Ba\u015fvurucular, ilk\u00f6\u011fretimde uygulanan e\u011fitime ili\u015fkin yeni d\u00fczenlemeler getiren kanun teklifini protesto etmek i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lacak bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla \u0130zmir\u2019den Ankara\u2019ya toplu olarak gitmelerinin engellenmesinin ve bunu protesto etmek i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7tiklerinde polisin orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n (birinci eylem), di\u011fer taraftan ertesi g\u00fcn meydana gelen olaylar\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in topland\u0131klar\u0131nda polis taraf\u0131ndan orant\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale edilmesinin (ikinci eylem) toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n
113. Bakanl\u0131k, A\u0130HM\u2019in, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 11. maddesi kapsam\u0131ndaki i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunmu\u015f ve polisin zor kullanarak m\u00fcdahale etmesinin orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmede bu i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
114. Ba\u015fvurucular, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 9\/4\/2014 havale tarihli beyanlar\u0131nda, yap\u0131lan protestonun kanun teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 kamuoyunun dikkatini bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olarak \u00e7ekme amac\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, bu sebeple a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n
i. Genel \u0130lkeler<\/p>\n
115. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 bireylerin ortak fikirlerini birlikte savunmak ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na duyurmak i\u00e7in bir araya gelebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu hak, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 25. ve 26. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zel bir bi\u00e7imidir. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn demokratik ve \u00e7o\u011fulcu bir toplumdaki \u00f6nemi, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fulcu demokrasilerin geli\u015fmesinde elzem olan farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zerk i\u015flevine ve uygulama alan\u0131na ra\u011fmen, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn siyasi ve kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren konularda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n daha dar kapsamda oldu\u011funun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi ve bu niteli\u011fin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n uygulamas\u0131nda da g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekir (bkz. \u00d6llinger\/Avusturya, B.No: 76900\/01, 29\/6\/2006, \u00a7 38; Ezelin\/Fransa, B.No: 11800\/85, 26\/4\/1991, \u00a7 37). Bu sebeple demokratik bir toplumda temel haklardan biri olan bu hak dar yorumlanmamal\u0131d\u0131r (bkz. G.\/ Federal Almanya, B.No: 13079\/87, 6\/3\/1989, \u00a7 256; Rassemblement Jurassien Unit\u00e9\/\u0130svi\u00e7re, B.No: 8191\/78, 10\/10\/1979, \u00a7 93).<\/p>\n
116. \u00d6te yandan, \u00e7o\u011fulculuk, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131na sayg\u0131 duymak demokratik toplumun vazge\u00e7ilmez \u00f6zelliklerindendir. \u00c7o\u011fulcu demokrasilerde, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun fikrinin her durumda \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemeyece\u011fi gibi az\u0131nl\u0131k veya muhalif fikirlerin korunmas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n ifade edilmesinin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 demokratik ilkelere sayg\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Muhalif ve az\u0131nl\u0131kta kalan fikirlerin, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun fikirleri nazar\u0131nda k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 veya rahats\u0131z edici olmas\u0131 durumunda dahi korunarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011fun, a\u00e7\u0131k fikirlili\u011fin, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ve demokratik bir toplumun gereklili\u011fidir (bkz. Handyside v. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, B.No: 5493\/72, 24\/9\/1976, \u00a7 49).<\/p>\n
117. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, demokratik toplumun en temel de\u011ferleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Demokrasinin \u00f6z\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131k bir tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131yla sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilme g\u00fcc\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r. \u015eiddete te\u015fvik ve demokrasinin ilkelerini ortadan kald\u0131rma durumlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda toplant\u0131 ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nleyici nitelikli radikal tedbirler, yetkililerin eylemlerde kullan\u0131lan ifadeler ve bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ve kabul edilemez olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi ya da eylemlerin yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu durumlarda dahi, demokrasiye zarar vermektedir. Hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dayal\u0131 demokratik bir toplumda, mevcut d\u00fczene itiraz eden ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l y\u00f6ntemlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi savunulan siyasi fikirlerin, toplant\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve di\u011fer yasal ara\u00e7larla kendisini ifade edebilmesi imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunulmal\u0131d\u0131r (bkz. G\u00fcn ve Di\u011ferleri\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 8029\/07, 18\/6\/2013, \u00a7 70; G\u00fcneri ve di\u011ferleri\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 42853\/98, 43609\/98 ve 44291\/98, 12\/7\/2005, \u00a7 76). <\/p>\n
118. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesi fikirlerin silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z, ba\u015fka bir ifade ile bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde ortaya konulabilmesi i\u00e7in toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolektif bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan bu hak, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ifade etmek isteyen ki\u015filere \u015fiddeti d\u0131\u015flayan y\u00f6ntemlerle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri a\u00e7\u0131klama imk\u00e2n\u0131 vermektedir. \u015eiddet kullanma niyetinde olan ki\u015filerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya d\u00fczenledi\u011fi g\u00f6steriler bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplanma kavram\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r (bkz. Stankov ve Birle\u015fik Makedonya \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc Ilinden\/Bulgaristan, B.No: 29221\/95 ve 29225\/95, 2\/10\/2001, \u00a7 77; Birle\u015fik Makedonya \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc Ilinden ve Ivanov\/Bulgaristan, B.No: 44079\/98, 20\/10\/2005, \u00a7 99). Bu kapsamda toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 \u015fiddete kar\u0131\u015fmayan ve fikirlerini bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde ortaya koyan bireylerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda toplant\u0131n\u0131n veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi ama\u00e7la yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi yoktur. Di\u011fer taraftan, d\u00fczenleme sadece bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 korumakla kalmamakta ayn\u0131 zamanda bu hakka dolayl\u0131 olarak usuls\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmesinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bireyin, g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken kamu g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin keyfi m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 koruma hedefi, bu hakk\u0131n etkin \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler de do\u011furabilmektedir (bkz. Djavit An\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 20652\/92, 20\/2\/2003, \u00a7 57). \u00d6zellikle, devletin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek amac\u0131yla uygun \u00f6nlemleri alma g\u00f6revi bulunmaktad\u0131r (bkz. Oya Ataman\/T\u00fcrkiye, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
119. Toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l niteli\u011fi genel olarak bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde de\u011ferlendirilerek ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, toplant\u0131 veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddete ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 di\u011ferleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu hakka m\u00fcdahaleyi me\u015fru k\u0131lmaz (bkz. Ezelin\/Fransa, \u00a7 41). Bir toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 veya yasalara ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi de tek ba\u015f\u0131na toplant\u0131 veya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l niteli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz (bkz. Oya Ataman\/T\u00fcrkiye, \u00a7 39). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla halka a\u00e7\u0131k yerde yap\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00f6sterinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda belli bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sebep olabilece\u011fi ve d\u00fc\u015fmanca tepkilere yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durumlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez (bkz. Achouguian\/Ermenistan, B.No. 33268\/03, 7\/7\/2008, \u00a7 90; Berladir ve di\u011ferleri\/Rusya, B.No. 34202\/06, 10\/7\/2012, \u00a7\u00a7 38-43; Disk ve Kesk\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No. 38676\/08, , 27\/11\/2012, \u00a7 29). <\/p>\n
120. Anayasa’n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, baz\u0131 durumlarda toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 11. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedenleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu kapsamda toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na getirilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6n \u015fartt\u0131r. Kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda dahi bu hakka m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar, 34. maddede \u201cmilli g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131\u201d olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019de de benzer bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kanun ile yap\u0131lacak s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar dahi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi gere\u011fince \u201cAnayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine\u201d ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale demokratik toplum i\u00e7in gereklilik arz etmelidir. En son olarak da m\u00fcdahale me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
121. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usullerin kanunda g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinde toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015f ise de ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinde toplant\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in k\u0131rk sekiz saat \u00f6ncesinden m\u00fclki amire bildirim usul\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
122. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin izin veya bildirim usul\u00fcne ba\u011flanmas\u0131, bu usullerin amac\u0131n\u0131n, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplant\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f veya di\u011fer g\u00f6sterilerin d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in yetkililere makul ve uygun tedbir alma imkan\u0131 sa\u011flamak oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, genel olarak hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunmaz (bkz. Bukta ve di\u011ferleri\/Macaristan, B.No: 25691\/04, 17\/10\/2007, \u00a7 35; Oya Ataman\/T\u00fcrkiye, \u00a7 39; Rassemblement Jurassien Unit\u00e9\/\u0130svi\u00e7re, \u00a7 119; Platform \u201c\u00c4rzte f\u00fcr das Leben\u201d\/Avusturya, B.No: 10126\/82, 21\/6\/1988, \u00a7\u00a7 32-34). Bu kapsamda, izin ve bildirim usullerinin uygulanmas\u0131 toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n etkin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7indir. Derhal tepki verilmesinin hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6zel durumlarda ve protesto bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu t\u00fcr bir eylemin, sadece bildirim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirilmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir (bkz. Bukta ve di\u011ferleri\/Macaristan, \u00a7 36; Oya Ataman, \u00a7\u00a7 38-39, Bal\u00e7\u0131k ve di\u011ferleri\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 25\/02, 26\/2\/2008, \u00a7 49, Sam\u00fct Karabulut\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.No: 16999\/01, 27\/1\/2009, \u00a7\u00a7 34-35). <\/p>\n
123. Di\u011fer taraftan, toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki \u201cs\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d kavram\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi sadece hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki baz\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirleri de\u011fil, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lan muameleleri de kapsar (bkz. Ezelin\/Fransa, \u00a7 39). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir g\u00f6steri s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lanlar veya g\u00f6steri sonras\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik soru\u015fturma ve cezaland\u0131rmalar da toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan davran\u0131\u015flar olarak kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n
124. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ama\u00e7larla bir araya gelmi\u015f kalabal\u0131klar\u0131n toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken kamu d\u00fczeni a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlike olu\u015fturmayan ve \u015fiddet i\u00e7ermeyen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na devletin sab\u0131r ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stermesi \u00e7o\u011fulcu demokrasinin gere\u011fidir. <\/p>\n
ii. Genel \u0130lkelerin Uygulanmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
125. Ba\u015fvurucular, ilk\u00f6\u011fretimde uygulanan e\u011fitime ili\u015fkin yeni d\u00fczenlemeler getiren kanun teklifini protesto etmek i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lacak bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla \u0130zmir\u2019den Ankara\u2019ya toplu olarak gitmek istemi\u015flerdir. Ancak Ankara Valili\u011fi, yap\u0131lacak protesto g\u00f6sterilerinde provokatif ama\u00e7larla g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile g\u00f6stericiler aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 ve eylemlerin hayat\u0131n normal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bozarak genel asayi\u015f, kamu d\u00fczeni ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehlikeye sokaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve d\u00fczeninin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla Ankara\u2019da her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile benzeri eylemleri yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da an\u0131lan yasak \u00fczerine t\u00fcm il valiliklerine resmi yaz\u0131 yazarak toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lacak gruplar\u0131n illerden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi talimat\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine \u0130zmir Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki g\u00f6revliler, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerini engellemek i\u00e7in otob\u00fcslerin evrak eksikli\u011fini bahane etmi\u015flerdir. Engellemelere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurucular geceleyin oturma eylemi ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yaparak durumu protesto etmi\u015flerdir. Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f esnas\u0131nda \u00e7evik kuvvet polisi barikat olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve bu esnada g\u00f6stericiler ve polis aras\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcren bir arbede ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra polis cop ve biber gaz\u0131 ile gruba m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015ftir. Sendika y\u00f6neticisinin grubu ikna etmesi \u00fczerine grup, sendika binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne giderek da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (birinci eylem).<\/p>\n
126. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvurucular ertesi g\u00fcn hem an\u0131lan kanun teklifini hem de bir \u00f6nceki gece meydana gelen olaylar\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in tekrar toplanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Eylemden daha \u00f6nceden haberdar olan polis gerekli g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu grup y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f korteji olu\u015fturarak ellerinde pankartlarla bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere Valilik binas\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve polis bariyerlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne devam etmi\u015ftir. Burada polis, grubun Valilik binas\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcmesine izin verilmeyece\u011fini belirterek y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ikazlarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Grubun y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne devam etmesi ve bariyerleri zorlamas\u0131 \u00fczerine tazyikli su, boyal\u0131 su, biber gaz\u0131 ve toplumsal olaylara m\u00fcdahale arac\u0131 (TOMA) ile g\u00f6stericilere m\u00fcdahale edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra polisi ge\u00e7emeyen grup oturma eylemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6steriyi d\u00fczenleyenler ile g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakere sonucunda polis barikat\u0131 geri \u00e7ekilerek g\u00f6stericilerin bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015ftir (ikinci eylem). <\/p>\n
ii.1. M\u00fcdahalenin Mevcudiyeti Hakk\u0131nda<\/p>\n
127. Birinci eylem ile ilgili olarak ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerinin Ankara Valili\u011finin karar\u0131 temelinde ancak de\u011fi\u015fik yasal gerek\u00e7elerle engellenmesinin toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n, beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde engellenmeleri \u00fczerine durumu protesto etmek amac\u0131yla trafi\u011fi kapatarak oturma eylemi ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yapmalar\u0131n\u0131n polis taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 da bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplanma hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahaledir. \u0130kinci eyleme ili\u015fkin olarak ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu grubun Valilik binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi de toplanma hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
ii.2. M\u00fcdahalenin Hakl\u0131 Sebeplere Dayanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda<\/p>\n
128. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na, \u201ckanunla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e\u201d ve madde metninde belirtilen me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale edilemez. Ayn\u0131 zamanda toplanma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lacak bir s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6ze dokunmama, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddesinde belirtilmi\u015f olma, kanunlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclme, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmama ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
ii.2.a. M\u00fcdahalenin Kanunili\u011fi<\/p>\n
129. Ba\u015fvuru konusu her iki eylemde de m\u00fcdahalenin yasal dayana\u011f\u0131 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 16. maddesi ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7., 22. ve 24. maddeleridir. 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 16. maddesinde polisin hangi durumlarda zor ve silah kullanabilece\u011fi ve bunun hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda polis, g\u00f6revini yaparken direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 hallinde, bu direni\u015fi k\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olarak zor kullanmaya yetkilidir. Bu yetki sadece polisin direnen ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 bedeni kuvvet kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil maddi g\u00fc\u00e7 kapsam\u0131nda kelep\u00e7e, cop, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su, g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gazlar veya tozlar, fiziki engeller, polis k\u00f6pekleri ve atlar\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Di\u011fer taraftan Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 genelge ve talimatname ile (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 46-47) toplumsal olaylara m\u00fcdahalede g\u00f6zetilecek hususlar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve m\u00fcdahale usul\u00fcnde izlenecek hususlarda gerekli yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple birinci eylem ve ikinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan toplanma hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahalenin \u201ckanunilik\u201d unsuru mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
ii.2.b. Me\u015fru Ama\u00e7<\/p>\n
130. Ba\u015fvurucular, her iki eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, polis taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin amac\u0131n\u0131n toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
131. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru olabilmesi i\u00e7in Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen \u201cmilli g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131\u201d ama\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131 gerekir. <\/p>\n
132. Her iki eyleme y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin hangi ama\u00e7la yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki anonslar ve polis taraf\u0131ndan tutulan tutanaklar incelendi\u011finde amac\u0131n kamu d\u00fczeninin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, her iki eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesi gere\u011fince polisin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. <\/p>\n
ii.2.c. Demokratik Bir Toplumda Gerekli Olma ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck<\/p>\n
133. Birinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edilmesinin \u201cdemokratik bir toplumda gerekli\u201d olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda \u00f6ncelikle belirtilmesi gereken, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, sendikalar gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc yap\u0131lar\u0131n ve ki\u015filerin yasama meclisinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen herhangi bir konuya ili\u015fkin olarak tepkilerini bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l y\u00f6ntemlerle ortaya koymalar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fulcu demokrasilerin karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fidir (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 116-118). Bu kapsamda siyasi konulardaki fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131nda az\u0131nl\u0131k veya muhalif d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin kendini ifade edebilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 devletlerin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr (bkz. \u00a7 119). Devletin, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ama\u00e7larla yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenleme ve toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumakla kalmamas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen makul olmayan dolayl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar koymamas\u0131 da gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
134. Birinci eylemde ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n TBMM\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclecek bir kanun teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 endi\u015felerini veya muhalif fikirlerini toplu olarak ifade etme \u00e7abas\u0131 demokratik bir toplumda sayg\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu gibi durumlarda devletin daha sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir tutum tak\u0131nmas\u0131 beklenmelidir. \u00c7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle ki\u015filerin Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lacak protestolara kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi \u00e7o\u011fulcu demokratik bir toplumda makul kabul edilemez. <\/p>\n
135. Di\u011fer taraftan, Ankara Valili\u011fi g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7eleri ile Ankara’da belirli tarihte her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile benzeri eylemleri yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 10). Protesto g\u00f6sterilerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik riskinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da belirlenen devlet yetkililerine aittir. Bununla birlikte bir yasa teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 Meclis g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 tarihte toplant\u0131 veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesi demokratik bir toplumda korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle d\u00fczenleme kanunla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lacak protestolar\u0131n Meclis nezdinde beklenen etkiyi do\u011furmayabilece\u011fi de g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde g\u00fcvenlik riskleri de de\u011ferlendirilerek g\u00f6steri yapacak gruplara uygun yer g\u00f6sterilmesi yerine toptan yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 karar al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bu karar\u0131n da ba\u015fka yasal gerek\u00e7eler ile dolayl\u0131 olarak uygulanmas\u0131 demokratik bir toplumda mazur g\u00f6r\u00fclmemelidir.<\/p>\n
136. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n, Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerinin engellenmesi \u00fczerine bunu protesto etmek amac\u0131yla geceleyin oturma eylemi yaparak trafi\u011fi kapatmalar\u0131 ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yasak kabul edilen yerlerde g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yapmalar\u0131 hususunda bildirimde bulunmamalar\u0131, eylemi yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 hale getirse de bu sebeple ani geli\u015fen olaylar kar\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ama\u00e7l\u0131 eyleme m\u00fcdahale \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemelidir (bkz. \u00a7 120). \u00d6zellikle grubun oturma eylemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda trafi\u011fin aksamas\u0131 \u00fczerine yolun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131, daha sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ba\u015flamalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k yapmamalar\u0131, polisin m\u00fcdahalesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda sald\u0131rgan tutum tak\u0131nmamalar\u0131 eylemin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ama\u00e7larla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Bu durumda yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olsa dahi bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ama\u00e7larla yap\u0131lan bir protestoda grubun da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde polisin daha sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 beklenir (bkz. \u00a7 34). <\/p>\n
137. Birinci eyleme ili\u015fkin olarak \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n herhangi bir kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7mamas\u0131 (bkz. \u00a7 34) toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini de ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla birinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n kitlesel bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerinin engellenmesi ve daha sonra bu durumu protesto edenlerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 demokratik bir toplum d\u00fczeninin gerekleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale olarak de\u011ferlendirilmez.<\/p>\n
138. \u0130kinci eylemde ba\u015fvurucular ve sendika \u00fcyeleri, hem an\u0131lan kanun teklifini hem de bir \u00f6nceki gece meydana gelen olaylar\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in polisin gerekli g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konak Meydan\u0131nda eski S\u00fcmerbank binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde toplanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Polis, toplanma ve protesto g\u00f6sterileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturdu\u011fu veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede bulunulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi alana ge\u00e7i\u015fleri engellemek i\u00e7in iki yerde g\u00f6stericilere m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
139. Grup, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f korteji olu\u015fturarak ellerinde pankartlarla bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere Valilik binas\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Grup, B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011finde polis, Valilik binas\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcmelerine izin verilmeyece\u011fi, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ikazlarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvuruculardan Orhan Bayram’\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup, ikazlar\u0131 dinlemeyip g\u00f6revli personeli itekleyip, ellerindeki sopalarla bariyerleri y\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve polis tazyikli su, boyal\u0131 su, biber gaz\u0131 ve TOMA ile g\u00f6stericilere m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015ftir. Bu esnada g\u00f6stericilerin tamam\u0131na de\u011fil sadece bariyerleri a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruba kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahale olmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015famayan grup oturma eylemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6steriyi d\u00fczenleyen sendika temsilcileri ile polis aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakere sonucunda barikat geri \u00e7ekilerek g\u00f6stericilerin \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n bitiminden sonra g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lanlar kendili\u011finden da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bariyerleri a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lanlar ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturanlar bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
140. \u0130kinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde gerekli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerekli ise \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir. \u0130kinci eylemde ba\u015fvurucular ve di\u011fer g\u00f6stericiler kanun teklifini ve Ankara\u2019ya gitmelerinin engellenmesini protesto etmek i\u00e7in bir araya gelmi\u015flerdir. Bu protesto \u00f6ncesi 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda herhangi bir bildirimde bulunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6steriden haberdar olan polis, kamu d\u00fczeni a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n risk olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 tespit edilen yollar ve alanlara ge\u00e7ilmesinin engellenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
141. \u0130lk m\u00fcdahalede polis, Valilik binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne gitmek isteyen grubun ge\u00e7i\u015fini g\u00f6stericilere model-5 olarak tabir edilen biber gaz\u0131 s\u0131kmak suretiyle engellemi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 21). Ayr\u0131ca grubun tamamen da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalede bulunulmam\u0131\u015f ve gruba alternatif g\u00fczerg\u00e2h g\u00f6sterilerek eylemlerine devam etmeleri sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci m\u00fcdahalede say\u0131ca daha kalabal\u0131k ve bariyerleri ge\u00e7mekte kararl\u0131 olan grubun ge\u00e7i\u015flerini engellemek i\u00e7in s\u0131ras\u0131yla copla ve daha sonra TOMA ile m\u00fcdahale edilmi\u015ftir. Bu m\u00fcdahalede de grubun tamam\u0131na y\u00f6nelik de\u011fil sadece g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruba m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fi izlenen kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan tespit edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
142. Kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda g\u00f6stericilere y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalede polisin genel olarak grubun tamam\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hareket etti\u011fine dair bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca polisin, grubun toplanmas\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f korteji olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ba\u015flamas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda bildirim gibi baz\u0131 yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek protesto g\u00f6sterisini bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak engelleme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Polis, eylem s\u00fcresince g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 yollar\u0131 kapatarak buradan ge\u00e7i\u015fleri engellemi\u015f ve eylemcilere de alternatif g\u00fczerg\u00e2h g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Valilik binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne gitmek i\u00e7in polis bariyerlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan grup m\u00fcdahalesi bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra da g\u00f6stericilere bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6stericiler bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131, Valilik Binas\u0131na \u00e7ok yak\u0131n, \u015fehrin merkezinde kabul edilebilecek ve toplanma amac\u0131n\u0131 etkisiz k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmeyen \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu grubun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanamad\u0131klar\u0131 ya da yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerle etkisiz olabilecek \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
143. G\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lanlara y\u00f6nelik aralar\u0131nda ba\u015fvuruculardan Orhan Bayram ve Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu baz\u0131 ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 32. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ihtara ra\u011fmen da\u011f\u0131lmamalar\u0131 nedeniyle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 34). Mahkeme t\u00fcm san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda ceza verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir ama\u00e7la ve \u015fekilde d\u00fczenledikleri toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131nda ceza verilmedi\u011finden toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez (bkz. \u00a7 124). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla polisin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdahale, demokratik toplumun gereklilikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mazur g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bir m\u00fcdahaledir.<\/p>\n
144. Di\u011fer taraftan, polisin, g\u00f6stericilerin g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerine g\u00f6sterdikleri tepkilere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan g\u00f6stericilerden bir grubun bariyerleri y\u0131karak yolu a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda, bariyerlerin arkas\u0131nda bulunan \u00e7evik kuvvet polisi bariyerleri y\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalede bulunmu\u015ftur. Polisin, savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 m\u00fcdahalede bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra polis geri \u00e7ekilerek TOMA \u00fczerinden tazyikli su ile kendilerine do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcyen gruba m\u00fcdahalede bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu s\u0131rada g\u00f6stericilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 slogan atarak bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde protestolar\u0131na devam etmi\u015ftir. Tazyikli su ile da\u011f\u0131lmayan g\u00f6stericilere de gazl\u0131 ve boyal\u0131 su ile m\u00fcdahale edilmi\u015ftir. Kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda polisin m\u00fcdahale esnas\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olarak eylemlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren di\u011fer g\u00f6stericilere m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fine veya grubun tamam\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak hareket etti\u011fine dair bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcdahalenin sertli\u011finin kademeli olarak art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve polisin genel olarak g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi al\u0131nan alandan g\u00f6stericileri ge\u00e7irmemek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra da g\u00f6stericilerle uzla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bariyerler geri \u00e7ekilerek bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
145. Genel olarak polisin m\u00fcdahalesi orant\u0131l\u0131 kabul edilse de somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kolektif olarak kullan\u0131lan ancak bireysel hak olan toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n eylemdeki tutumlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde polisin m\u00fcdahalesinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
146. Ba\u015fvuruculardan Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n bariyerleri y\u0131karak g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine polisin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdahale orant\u0131l\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. Zira ba\u015fvurucu elinde sopa ile polise sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve polis tazyikli su ile ba\u015fvurucunun sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bertaraf etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ama\u00e7larla ve \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan eylemleri g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hak \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren ve sald\u0131r\u0131 gibi cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m gerektiren faaliyetleri korumamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren hareketlerine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin doktor raporu da g\u00f6zetilerek toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek \u015fekilde orant\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
147. Di\u011fer taraftan, ba\u015fvurucular Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, Veli \u0130mrak, Tunay \u00d6zayd\u0131n ve Deniz Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n, kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve bilirki\u015fi raporu kapsam\u0131nda polis barikatlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na ve m\u00fcdahaleyi gerektirir bir eylemleri oldu\u011funa dair herhangi bir emare tespit edilememesine ra\u011fmen v\u00fccutlar\u0131nda yaralanmalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kararlar\u0131nda bu yaralar\u0131n polis m\u00fcdahalesi sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finin kabul edilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde ve ama\u00e7la kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc haklar\u0131 ihlal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
148. Ba\u015fvurucu \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin\u2019in iddialar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken di\u011fer bir konu ise polisin toplumsal olaylara m\u00fcdahalede \u201cbiber gaz\u0131n\u0131\u201d kullanmas\u0131 meselesidir. Avrupa Konseyine \u00fcye devletlerce toplumsal olaylar\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almak ve da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan gaz, zehirli gaz listesinde bulunmamaktad\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 48). Bu nedenle biber gaz\u0131 ile toplumsal olaylara m\u00fcdahale tek ba\u015f\u0131na toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemelidir. Di\u011fer taraftan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanan biber gaz\u0131n\u0131n hangi durumlarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin mevzuatla tespit edilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n
149. Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 15\/2\/2008 tarihli 19 No.lu Genelge kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz silahlar\u0131 ve m\u00fchimmatlar\u0131 kullan\u0131m talimatnamesi kapsam\u0131nda biber gaz\u0131n\u0131n fizyolojik etkileri belirtilmi\u015f ve buna ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lacak ilk yard\u0131m esaslar\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Di\u011fer taraftan g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m taktikleri ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda gaz kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce gerekli t\u0131bbi tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve toplulu\u011fun duyabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde gaz\u0131n kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ikazda bulunulmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin dozunun da kademeli olarak artt\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
150. Ya\u015f, gebelik veya kronik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle biber gaz\u0131ndan beklenenden daha fazla etkilenebilecek ki\u015filerin gaz\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ikaz edilmeleri \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dclkemizde ya\u015fanan baz\u0131 toplumsal olaylara biber gaz\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerde can kayb\u0131 oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn talimatnamesinin uygulanmas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n
151. Somut olayda, bilirki\u015fi ve kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan, gazl\u0131 su kullanaca\u011f\u0131 veya biber gaz\u0131 kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden g\u00f6stericilere bildirildi\u011fi tespit edilememi\u015ftir. Ki\u015filerin \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131 sebebiyle \u00f6l\u00fcme varacak \u015fekilde vahim sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olabilecek gazl\u0131 su ve biber gaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nceden ihtar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her ne kadar ba\u015fvurucu maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc kabul edilebilecek dozdaki biber gaz\u0131 nedeniyle ciddi sa\u011fl\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na u\u011framam\u0131\u015fsa da ihtar yap\u0131lmadan gaz kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ama\u00e7larla ve \u015fekilde toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fvurucunun toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
152. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle, birinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n genel yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 emir ile Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lacak bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu tutuma kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn engellenmesinden dolay\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm ba\u015fvurucular a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
153. Di\u011fer taraftan, ikinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucu Orhan Bayram\u2019\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmedi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
154. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucular a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
3. 6216 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 50. Maddesi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
155. Ba\u015fvurucular, tazminat talebinde bulunmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
156. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un “Kararlar” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 50. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Tespit edilen ihlal bir mahkeme karar\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015fsa, ihlali ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yapmak \u00fczere dosya ilgili mahkemeye g\u00f6nderilir. Yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmayan h\u00e2llerde ba\u015fvurucu lehine tazminata h\u00fckmedilebilir veya genel mahkemelerde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 yolu g\u00f6sterilebilir. Yeniden yarg\u0131lama yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc mahkeme, Anayasa Mahkemesinin ihlal karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihlali ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131racak \u015fekilde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse dosya \u00fczerinden karar verir.”<\/p>\n
157. Ba\u015fvurucular taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan 198,35 TL har\u00e7 ve 1.500,00 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 1.698,35 TL yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin ba\u015fvuruculara m\u00fc\u015ftereken \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi gerekir. <\/p>\n
158. Ba\u015fvuruya konu iddialara ili\u015fkin olarak ba\u015fvurucu Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u201d maddi ve usul y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ihlal edildi\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek, anayasal bir hakk\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir yarg\u0131lama dosyas\u0131nda, ihlalin devam etmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ilgili Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
V. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvuruculardan, <\/p>\n
1. Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin, Veli \u0130mrak ve Orhan Bayram taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline ili\u015fkin \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA, OY B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
2. Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin, Veli \u0130mrak, Orhan Bayram, Tunay \u00d6zayd\u0131n ve Deniz Do\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ihlaline ili\u015fkin \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA, \u00fcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR\u2019\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY \u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
B. Ba\u015fvuruculardan,<\/p>\n
1. Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi ve usul y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE, \u00fcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR\u2019\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY \u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
2. Orhan Bayram, Veli \u0130mrak ve \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi ve usul y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE, OY B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 birinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE, \u00fcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR\u2019\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY \u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci eylem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n
a. Orhan Bayram y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE, OY B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
b. Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer, \u00d6zcan \u00c7etin, Veli \u0130mrak, Tunay \u00d6zayd\u0131n ve Deniz Do\u011fan y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE, \u00fcye Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR\u2019\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY \u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Ba\u015fvurucular taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan 198,35 TL har\u00e7 ve 1.500,00 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 1.698,35 TL yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin BA\u015eVURUCULARA M\u00dc\u015eTEREKEN \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE, OY B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
D. \u00d6demelerin, karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na; \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 halinde, bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal faiz uygulanmas\u0131na, OY B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
E. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \u0130zmir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesine, OY B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
6\/1\/2015 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. 31.5.2015 tarihinde kayda ge\u00e7en ba\u015fvuru formunda olay\u0131n genel olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulunuldu\u011fu ve somut olarak da ya\u015fam hakk\u0131na (Anayasa Md. 17) y\u00f6nelik ihl\u00e2l iddias\u0131nda bulunuldu\u011fu, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na (Anayasa Md. 34) ili\u015fkin herhangi bir ihl\u00e2l iddias\u0131nda bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Her ne kadar 3.7.2013 tarihinde kayda ge\u00e7en \u201cEk beyan dilek\u00e7esi\u201dnde bu konuda talepte bulunuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktaysa da; 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 47\/3. maddesinin a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ba\u015fvuru formunda beyan edilmeyen bir hak ihl\u00e2li iddias\u0131n\u0131n, 47\/6. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda \u201cba\u015fvuru evrak\u0131nda eksiklik\u201d \u015feklinde nitelendirilerek, ek bir beyanla ikmal edilebilmesine imk\u00e2n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu yeni ihl\u00e2l iddias\u0131n\u0131n incelenebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu bak\u0131mdan, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesine ili\u015fkin iddialar konusunda kabul edilemezlik karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Bu konudaki ihl\u00e2l iddias\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de; Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34\/2. ve A\u0130HS\u2019nin 11\/2. maddelerinin bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilebilece\u011fi hususunu d\u00fczenledi\u011fi, davan\u0131n somutunda, \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda da benimsendi\u011fi \u00fczere toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin \u201ckanunilik\u201d unsurunu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, keza \u201cme\u015fru bir ama\u00e7la\u201d m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011funda ku\u015fku bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cdemokratik bir toplumda gerekli olma ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d unsuru y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede ise dosyada mevcut bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc CD\u2019leri gibi delillerin birarada incelenmesinden, bu unsur bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da bir ihl\u00e2l nedeninin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurunun reddi gerekti\u011fi kanaatine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirme de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki nedenlerle ihl\u00e2l olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
4.7.1934 tarih ve 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Polis Vazife ve Salahiyet Kanunu\u2019nun 16. maddesinde polisin zor kullanma yetkisi d\u00fczenlenmekte ve bu yetkinin bedeni ve maddi g\u00fc\u00e7 (bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su ve g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz kullanma halleri dahil) kullanma \u015feklinde olabilece\u011fi, zor kullanmadan \u00f6nce, ilgililere direnmeye devam etmeleri halinde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zor kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ihtar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ancak direnmenin mahiyeti ve derecesi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, ihtar yap\u0131lmadan da zor kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Dosyada yer alan bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kovu\u015fturmaya Yer Olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesinden g\u00fcvenlik kuvvetlerinin g\u00f6stericilere vaki m\u00fcdahalesinin yasal zor kullanma yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu yetkinin orant\u0131s\u0131z bi\u00e7imde a\u015f\u0131lmak suretiyle ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edildi\u011fi yolundaki soyut iddiay\u0131 destekleyici somut bir bulgu ve kan\u0131t\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, mevcut sa\u011fl\u0131k raporlar\u0131nda somutla\u015fan ar\u0131za ve darp izlerinin zor kullanma yetkisinin orant\u0131s\u0131z bi\u00e7imde g\u00fcvenlik kuvvetlerince meydana getirildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin, beyan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda somut bir emarenin mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kalabal\u0131k ve karga\u015fa halinde meydana geldi\u011fi muhakkak olmakla beraber do\u011frudan g\u00fcvenlik kuvvetlerine matufiyeti konusunda ciddi bir verinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iddia, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kayd\u0131 v.b.), bu konudaki vaki \u015fik\u00e2yet \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan haz\u0131rl\u0131k soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda da usuli y\u00f6nden herhangi bir noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6zkonusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131siyle olaya bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin maddi ve usuli bak\u0131mlardan ihl\u00e2l edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir sonuca ula\u015fman\u0131n farazi bir kabule dayanabilece\u011fi kanaatine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle; her iki ihl\u00e2l iddias\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cihl\u00e2l bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekti\u011fini de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimden; \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lamad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 6\/1\/2015 tarihli ve 2013\/3924 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 GENEL KURUL \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 AL\u0130 RIZA \u00d6ZER VE D\u0130\u011eERLER\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2013\/3924) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 6\/1\/2015 R.G. Tarih-Say\u0131: 13\/5\/2015-29354 \u00a0 GENEL KURUL \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkanvekili : Serruh KALEL\u0130 Ba\u015fkanvekili : Alparslan ALTAN \u00dcyeler : Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR \u00a0 \u00a0 Osman Alifeyyaz PAKS\u00dcT \u00a0 \u00a0 Recep K\u00d6M\u00dcRC\u00dc \u00a0 \u00a0 Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN \u00a0 \u00a0 Engin YILDIRIM \u00a0 \u00a0 Nuri NEC\u0130PO\u011eLU \u00a0 \u00a0 Hicabi DURSUN \u00a0 \u00a0 Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI \u00a0 \u00a0 Erdal TERCAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Muammer TOPAL \u00a0 \u00a0 Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN \u00a0 \u00a0 M. Emin KUZ \u00a0 \u00a0 Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN Raport\u00f6r : Murat \u015eEN Ba\u015fvurucular : 1- Ali R\u0131za \u00d6ZER \u00a0 \u00a0 2- \u00d6zcan \u00c7ET\u0130N \u00a0 \u00a0 3- Orhan BAYRAM \u00a0 \u00a0 4- Veli \u0130MRAK \u00a0 \u00a0 5- Tunay \u00d6ZAYDIN \u00a0 \u00a0 6- Deniz DO\u011eAN Vekili : Av. Nedim DE\u011e\u0130RMENC\u0130 \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvurucular, e\u011fitim sisteminde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler getiren kanun teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 kitlesel bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lacak toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n polis taraf\u0131ndan engellenmesinin ve bu engellemeye kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0130zmir Konak Meydan\u0131nda ve ertesi g\u00fcn \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7tikleri esnada kollu\u011fun izin vermemesi nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kan olaylarda kollu\u011fun orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak yaralanmalar\u0131na neden olmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n