T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulu<\/p>\n
2022\/248 E., 2023\/648 K.<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
KARARI VEREN
\nYARGITAY DA\u0130RES\u0130 : 6. Ceza Dairesi
\nMAHKEMES\u0130 : \u0130STANBUL 2. \u00c7ocuk
\nSAYISI : 171-486<\/p>\n
I. HUKUK\u0130 S\u00dcRE\u00c7<\/p>\n
San\u0131klar … ve …’in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, nitelikli h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7undan 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 142\/2-c, 143, 31\/3 ve 62. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca 3 y\u0131l 4 ay; kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7undan ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 152\/1-a, 31\/3 ve 62. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca 1 y\u0131l 8 ay hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u0130stanbul (Kapat\u0131lan) 6. \u00c7ocuk Mahkemesince verilen 17.02.2015 tarihli ve 193-83 say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, san\u0131k … ile san\u0131klar m\u00fcdafii taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine dosyay\u0131 inceleyen Yarg\u0131tay (Kapat\u0131lan) 13. Ceza Dairesince 17.03.2020 tarih ve 311-4274 say\u0131 ile; “Gezi eylemleri devam etti\u011fi s\u0131rada \u0130stikl\u00e2l Caddesi \u00fczerinde bulunan Ziraat Bankas\u0131\u2019na ait d\u00f6rt adet bankamati\u011fe zarar verilerek ATM i\u00e7erisinde bulunan bir miktar paran\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 olayda; 4 numaral\u0131 ATM cihaz\u0131 para koyma haznesi i\u00e7erisi d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinden elde edilen parmak izinin san\u0131k …\u2019in sol el orta parmak izi ile; para koyma haznesi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yerde bulunan naylon po\u015fet \u00fczerinden elde edilen parmak izinin de di\u011fer san\u0131k …\u2019n\u0131n sa\u011f el i\u015faret parmak izi ile ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funun tespiti \u00fczerine her iki san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f ise de, san\u0131klar\u0131n a\u015famalarda al\u0131nan savunmalar\u0131nda, polisin biber gaz\u0131 s\u0131kmas\u0131 ve ya\u015fanan karga\u015fa nedeniyle kendilerini korumak amac\u0131yla ATM\u2019lerin bulundu\u011fu kabinin i\u00e7erisine girdiklerini s\u00f6yledikleri, olay yerinin gezi eylemleri nedeniyle olduk\u00e7a kalabal\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve ya\u015fanan karga\u015fada olay yerinden elde edilen san\u0131klara ait parmak izlerinin su\u00e7un s\u00fcbutu noktas\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a yetersiz bir delil olup yarg\u0131lamaya konu olayda ba\u015fkaca bir delil de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, san\u0131klar\u0131n beraatleri yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde mahk\u00fbmiyetlerine karar verilmesi,” isabetsizli\u011finden bozulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul 2. \u00c7ocuk Mahkemesi ise 23.12.2020 tarih ve 171-486 say\u0131 ile; “San\u0131klar\u0131n olay yerinde bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 ancak h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve ATM cihazlar\u0131na zarar vermediklerini belirttikleri, parmak izine ili\u015fkin raporlar ve olay yeri inceleme raporu birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, san\u0131klar\u0131n savunmalar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7tan kurtulmaya y\u00f6nelik olup itibar edilmemesi gerekti\u011fi ve Gezi Park\u0131 eylemleri nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan karga\u015fadan yararlanarak h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k amac\u0131yla olay mahallinde bulunduklar\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fledikleri,” \u015feklindeki gerek\u00e7e ile bozma ilam\u0131na direnerek \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmler gibi san\u0131klar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin de san\u0131klar ve m\u00fcdafii taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 29.09.2021 tarihli ve 33178 say\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fme ve bozma istekli tebli\u011fnamesiyle dosya, 23.07.2016 tarihli ve 29779-2 m\u00fckerrer say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6723 say\u0131l\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015ftay Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun’la 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’na eklenen ge\u00e7ici 15\/12. maddesine dayan\u0131larak 05.11.2020 tarihli ve 31295 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinden 10 g\u00fcn sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun 03.11.2020 tarihli ve 245 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile Yarg\u0131tay 13. Ceza Dairesinin 01.12.2020 tarihinden ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na ve ar\u015fivinde bulunan t\u00fcm i\u015flerin Yarg\u0131tay 6. Ceza Dairesine devrine karar verilmesi nedeniyle Yarg\u0131tay 6. Ceza Dairesine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun 307. maddesi uyar\u0131nca inceleme yapan \u00d6zel Dairece 19.04.2022 tarih ve 23413-5864 say\u0131 ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na iade edilen dosya, Ceza Genel Kurulunca de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle karara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
II. UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eIN KAPSAMI VE KONUSU<\/p>\n
San\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a muhalefet su\u00e7undan verilen beraat kararlar\u0131 temyiz edilmeksizin kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olup temyizin ve direnmenin kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re inceleme nitelikli h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel Daire ile Yerel Mahkeme aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ve Ceza Genel Kurulunca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gereken uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; san\u0131klara at\u0131l\u0131 nitelikli h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sabit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin olup Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nin 27. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u00f6ncelikle; mala zarar verme su\u00e7u y\u00f6n\u00fcnden dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi hususunun de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR<\/p>\n
\u0130ncelenen dosya kapsam\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n
\u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin, Gezi Park\u0131 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, 04.08.2013 tarihinde, yetkilisi oldu\u011fu Ziraat Bankas\u0131 Taksim \u015eubesine ait ATM cihazlar\u0131na zarar verilerek para \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde m\u00fcracaatta bulunmas\u0131 \u00fczerine soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Olay yeri inceleme raporunda; su\u00e7 mahallinin, cadde \u00fczerinde bulunan Ziraat Bankas\u0131 Taksim \u015eubesi oldu\u011funun, \u015fubeye ait 4 adet ATM makinesinin ekranlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, para koyma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015f kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve makinelerin arkas\u0131nda bulunan metal para koyma haznelerinin s\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, metal paralar\u0131n yerinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, \u015fifreli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin a\u00e7\u0131lamamas\u0131 sebebiyle ka\u011f\u0131t paralara dokunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, ATM makineleri ve \u00e7evresinde 27 adet parmak izi ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011finin bildirildi\u011fi,
\n11.08.2013 tarihli ekspertiz raporuna g\u00f6re; 4 numaral\u0131 ATM cihaz\u0131n\u0131n para koyma haznesi i\u00e7erisi d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinden elde edilen parmak izinin AFIS veri taban\u0131nda kayd\u0131 bulunan san\u0131k …’ in sol el orta parmak izi; ATM cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n arka taraf\u0131ndaki kasalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu zemin \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen y\u0131rt\u0131k naylon po\u015fet \u00fczerinden elde edilen parmak izinin de, ayn\u0131 veri taban\u0131nda kayd\u0131 bulunan san\u0131k …’n\u0131n sa\u011f el i\u015faret parmak izi ile ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funun tespit edildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7i a\u015famalarda; Ziraat Bankas\u0131 para grup merkezinde servis yetkilisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, olay tarihinde saat 01.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da bulunan banka merkezinden arayan yetkililerin \u0130stikl\u00e2l Caddesindeki \u015fubeye ait 4 adet ATM cihaz\u0131n\u0131n servis d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmeleri \u00fczerine banka g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerini bahse konu \u015fubeye g\u00f6nderdiklerini, ancak olaylar\u0131n devam etmesi nedeniyle g\u00fcvenlik\u00e7ilerin \u015fubeye ula\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn sabah saatlerinde kendisinin olay yerine gitti\u011fini, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelemede 4 adet bankamati\u011fin kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le getirildi\u011fini, metal para kasetlerinin par\u00e7alanarak i\u00e7inde bulunan ve toplamda 733 TL tutar\u0131ndaki metal paralar\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, ATM cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresini g\u00f6steren kameralar\u0131n da s\u00f6k\u00fclerek \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
San\u0131k … a\u015famalarda m\u00fcdafii huzurunda; olay tarihinde Taksim’de seyyar olarak \u00e7i\u00e7ekli ta\u00e7 ve \u015fapka satmakta oldu\u011funu, usuls\u00fcz toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, polisin biber gaz\u0131 s\u0131kmas\u0131 nedeniyle etkilendi\u011fini, kendisini korumak i\u00e7in bankan\u0131n ATM b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne girdi\u011fini, i\u00e7eride ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011funu, di\u011fer san\u0131k …’i tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ATM i\u00e7erisinde bulunan \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n polise ta\u015f at\u0131p makinelere zarar verdiklerini, bunun \u00fczerine polisin ATM’nin i\u00e7erisine de gaz s\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bay\u0131lacak gibi oldu\u011funu, sadece kendisini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ATM’lere zarar vererek para almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendisine ait parmak izinin makineler \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilmedi\u011fini, olay yerindeki bir po\u015fete dokunmu\u015f olabilece\u011fini,<\/p>\n
San\u0131k … a\u015famalarda m\u00fcdafii huzurunda; olay tarihinde bir arkada\u015f\u0131 ile gezmek amac\u0131yla Taksim’e gittiklerini, g\u00f6stericiler ile polis aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, korunmak amac\u0131yla Ziraat Bankas\u0131na ait ATM’nin bulundu\u011fu kul\u00fcbenin i\u00e7erisine girdi\u011fini, ATM makinesinin \u00f6ncesinden k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, yerde madeni paralar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ancak paralar\u0131 almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, parmak izinin bu nedenle \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini, di\u011fer san\u0131k …\u2019i tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, olay yerinin \u00e7ok kalabal\u0131k oldu\u011funu, eylemlere kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
Savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
IV. GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
\u00d6n sorunun ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusunun s\u0131ras\u0131yla ele al\u0131nmas\u0131nda fayda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I- San\u0131klara at\u0131l\u0131 kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7u y\u00f6n\u00fcnden dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6n sorunun de\u011ferlendirilmesinde;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130lgili Mevzuat ve \u00d6n Soruna \u0130li\u015fkin A\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 tarihi itibar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan TCK’n\u0131n 152. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi;<\/p>\n
“(1) Mala zarar verme su\u00e7unun;<\/p>\n
a) Kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na ait, kamu hizmetine tahsis edilmi\u015f veya kamunun yararlanmas\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yer, bina, tesis veya di\u011fer e\u015fya hakk\u0131nda, i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde, fail hakk\u0131nda bir y\u0131ldan alt\u0131 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmolunur…” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fken, 28.06.2014 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6545 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun’un 65. maddesiyle TCK’n\u0131n 152. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki “bir y\u0131ldan alt\u0131 y\u0131la kadar hapis” \u015feklindeki yapt\u0131r\u0131m “bir y\u0131ldan d\u00f6rt y\u0131la kadar hapis” olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 6545 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile TCK’n\u0131n 152. maddesinin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusuyla ilgili birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendindeki mala zarar verme su\u00e7unun nitelikli h\u00e2li bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ceza s\u00fcresinin alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 korunmu\u015f, \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ise d\u00f6rt y\u0131la indirilerek bir y\u0131ldan d\u00f6rt y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer taraftan, TCK\u2019n\u0131n “Dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 66. maddesinde ise;<\/p>\n
“(1) Kanunda ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan h\u00e2ller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131;<\/p>\n
a) A\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda otuz y\u0131l,<\/p>\n
b) M\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l,<\/p>\n
c) Yirmi y\u0131ldan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmamak \u00fczere hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda yirmi y\u0131l,<\/p>\n
d) Be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla ve yirmi y\u0131ldan az hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda on be\u015f y\u0131l,<\/p>\n
e) Be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla olmamak \u00fczere hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda sekiz y\u0131l,<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7mesiyle d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
(2) Fiili i\u015fledi\u011fi s\u0131rada on iki ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f olup da on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f olanlar hakk\u0131nda, bu s\u00fcrelerin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n; on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f olup da on sekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f olan ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda ise, \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin ge\u00e7mesiyle kamu davas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
(3) Dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresinin belirlenmesinde dosyadaki mevcut deliller itibar\u0131yla su\u00e7un daha a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren nitelikli h\u00e2lleri de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur.<\/p>\n
(4) Yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kralarda yer alan s\u00fcrelerin belirlenmesinde su\u00e7un kanunda yer alan cezas\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur; se\u00e7imlik cezalar\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r\u2026” h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
TCK’n\u0131n 66. maddesinde; kanunda aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u00fcrelerin ge\u00e7mesiyle ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (e) bendinde be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla olmamak \u00fczere hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda bu s\u00fcrenin 8 y\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kesen sebepler de TCK’n\u0131n 67. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, bir su\u00e7la ilgili olarak;<\/p>\n
a) \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131klardan birinin savc\u0131 huzurunda ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya sorguya \u00e7ekilmesi,<\/p>\n
b) \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131klardan biri hakk\u0131nda tutuklama karar\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi,<\/p>\n
c) Su\u00e7la ilgili olarak iddianame d\u00fczenlenmesi,<\/p>\n
d) San\u0131klardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da olsa, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilmesi,<\/p>\n
H\u00e2linde, dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kesilecektir.<\/p>\n
TCK’n\u0131n 67. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince kesen bir nedenin bulunmas\u0131 durumunda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, kesilme g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren yeniden i\u015flemeye ba\u015flayacak, dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kesen birden fazla nedenin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise son kesme nedeninin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarih esas al\u0131nacak, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca da kesilme h\u00e2linde, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi ilgili su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin olarak kanunda belirlenen s\u00fcrenin en fazla yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar uzayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6steren bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olup davay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren h\u00e2llerden biri olan zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde, mahkeme ya da Yarg\u0131tay, resen zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine karar verecektir.<\/p>\n
B. Hukuki De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 tarihi itibar\u0131yla, san\u0131klara at\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 152\/1-a maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 1 y\u0131ldan 6 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de, yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6545 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 65. maddesiyle TCK\u2019n\u0131n 152. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki; “bir y\u0131ldan alt\u0131 y\u0131la kadar hapis” \u015feklindeki yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n “bir y\u0131ldan d\u00f6rt y\u0131la kadar hapis” olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, cezan\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin lehe olmas\u0131 nedeniyle TCK’n\u0131n 66. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (e) bendi ve ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un asli dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi, ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince su\u00e7 tarihinde 15-18 ya\u015f grubunda olan san\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 5 y\u0131l 4 ay; kesintili dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi ise 7 y\u0131l 12 ay olup daha a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren ba\u015fka bir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturma ihtimali bulunmayan ve 04.08.2013 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen eylemle ilgili olarak her iki san\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kesen en son i\u015flemin 17.02.2015 tarihli mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 oldu\u011fu, \u00d6zel Dairenin bozma ilam\u0131ndan sonra dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kesen veya durduran ba\u015fkaca bir sebebin de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, 5 y\u0131l 4 ayl\u0131k asli dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresinin 17.06.2020 tarihinde doldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla, kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7u y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Yerel Mahkemenin direnme karar\u0131na konu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle bozulmas\u0131na ancak bu husus yeniden yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 gerektirmedi\u011finden san\u0131klar hakk\u0131ndaki kamu davalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine karar verilmelidir.<\/p>\n
II- San\u0131klara at\u0131l\u0131 nitelikli h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7unun sabit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusunun de\u011ferlendirilmesinde;<\/p>\n
A. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Konusuna \u0130li\u015fkin A\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/p>\n
Amac\u0131 somut olayda maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015farak adaleti sa\u011flamak, su\u00e7 i\u015fledi\u011fi sabit olan faili cezaland\u0131rmak, kamu d\u00fczeninin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve bozulan kamu d\u00fczenini yeniden tesis etmek olan ceza muhakemesinin en \u00f6nemli ve evrensel nitelikteki ilkelerinden birisi de, insan haklar\u0131na dayal\u0131, demokratik rejimle y\u00f6netilen \u00fclkelerin hukuk sistemlerinde bulunmas\u0131 gereken, \u00f6\u011freti ve uygulamada; su\u00e7suzluk ya da masumiyet karinesi \u015feklinde, Latincede ise in dubio pro reo olarak ifade edilen \u015f\u00fcpheden san\u0131k yararlan\u0131r ilkesidir. Bu ilkenin \u00f6z\u00fc, ceza davas\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verilebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken herhangi bir soruna ili\u015fkin \u015f\u00fcphenin, mutlak surette san\u0131k yarar\u0131na de\u011ferlendirilmesidir. Olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir uygulama alan\u0131 bulunan bu kural, dava konusu su\u00e7un i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fi, i\u015flenmi\u015fse san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fi ya da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirili\u015f \u015fekli hususunda herhangi bir \u015f\u00fcphe belirmesi h\u00e2linde uygulanabilece\u011fi gibi su\u00e7 niteli\u011finin belirlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erlidir. Ceza mahk\u00fbmiyeti, toplanan delillerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131na dayan\u0131l\u0131p di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek ula\u015f\u0131lan kanaate veya herhangi bir ihtimale de\u011fil, kesin ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir ispata dayanmal\u0131, bu ispat, hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcphe ya da ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc olu\u015fa imkan vermemelidir. Y\u00fcksek de olsa bir ihtimale dayan\u0131larak san\u0131\u011f\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak, ceza muhakemesinin en \u00f6nemli amac\u0131 olan ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fmadan h\u00fck\u00fcm vermek anlam\u0131na gelecektir.<\/p>\n
B. Hukuki Nitelendirme<\/p>\n
San\u0131klar\u0131n 04.08.2013 tarihinde gece saat 01.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u0130stikl\u00e2l Caddesi \u00fczerinde bulunan Ziraat Bankas\u0131 Taksim \u015eubesi\u2019ne ait ATM cihazlar\u0131na zarar vererek para \u00e7ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n iddia ve kabul edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan dosya kapsam\u0131nda;<\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Taksim Yayala\u015ft\u0131rma Projesi kapsam\u0131ndaki yol a\u00e7ma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Taksim Gezi Park\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u00f6k\u00fclmesi nedeniyle Taksim Dayan\u0131\u015fma Platformu isimli olu\u015fum ile birlikte baz\u0131 sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamuoyunda Gezi Park\u0131 olaylar\u0131 olarak bilinen ve sonras\u0131nda hukuki hak arama yolunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak gezi park\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerine direnme ve sald\u0131r\u0131, kamusal ve \u00f6zel mallara zarar verme niteli\u011fi alarak kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri ve eylemlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen 01.06.2013 tarihinde ba\u015flayan olaylar\u0131n devam\u0131 olarak, su\u00e7 tarihi olan 04.08.2013 tarihinde \u0130stiklal Caddesi \u00fczerinde bulunan bir k\u0131s\u0131m i\u015f yerlerine zarar verildi\u011fi, bu kapsamda ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn saat 01.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin yetkilisi oldu\u011fu Ziraat Bankas\u0131 Taksim \u015eubesi\u2019ne ait d\u00f6rt adet ATM cihaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131larak toplamda 733 TL madeni paran\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla,<\/p>\n
Ekspertiz raporuna g\u00f6re; 4 numaral\u0131 ATM cihaz\u0131n\u0131n para koyma haznesi i\u00e7erisi d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinden elde edilen parmak izinin san\u0131k …’e; ATM cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n kasa b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin arka taraf\u0131nda, yerde ele ge\u00e7irilen y\u0131rt\u0131k naylon po\u015fet \u00fczerinden elde edilen parmak izinin san\u0131k …’e ait oldu\u011fu bildirilmi\u015f ise de san\u0131k …\u2019in, \u00e7i\u00e7ek satarak ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu sebeple su\u00e7 mahallinde bulundu\u011fu; san\u0131k …\u2019in ise bir arkada\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte gezmek amac\u0131yla \u0130stiklal Caddesine gitti\u011fini beyan etmesi, her iki san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, eylemlere kat\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6stericiler ile g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00fczerine polisin biber gaz\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 nedeniyle kendilerini korumak amac\u0131yla ATM cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n arka taraf\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk alana s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu alan\u0131n da kalabal\u0131k oldu\u011funu, polisin buraya da biber gaz\u0131 s\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayakta duramayacak duruma geldiklerini, bu nedenle etrafa dokunmu\u015f olabileceklerini savunmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, san\u0131k …\u2019e ait parmak izinin ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi yer itibar\u0131yla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fine dair kuvvetli \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmakla birlikte, olay mahallinden 27 adet parmak izinin ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 yerinde ya\u015fanan karga\u015fa ortam\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131narak rapor sonucundan tek ba\u015f\u0131na at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un san\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flendi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k an\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir kamera g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ve tan\u0131k beyan\u0131n\u0131n da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; t\u00fcm a\u015famalarda su\u00e7lamay\u0131 kabul etmeyen san\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fczerlerine at\u0131l\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7unu i\u015flediklerine dair her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak, kesin ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla, isabetli bulunmayan Yerel Mahkemenin direnme karar\u0131na konu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bozulmas\u0131na karar verilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmayan Ceza Genel Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve alt\u0131 Ceza Genel Kurulu \u00dcyesi; Yerel Mahkemenin direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n isabetli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 oy kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
V. KARAR<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle;<\/p>\n
1- \u0130stanbul 2. \u00c7ocuk Mahkemesinin 23.12.2020 tarihli ve 171-486 say\u0131l\u0131 direnme karar\u0131na konu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin,<\/p>\n
a- H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan san\u0131klar\u0131n CMK’n\u0131n 223\/2-e maddesi uyar\u0131nca beraatleri yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verilmesi,<\/p>\n
b- Kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
Nedenleriyle BOZULMASINA,<\/p>\n
Ancak yeniden yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 gerektirmeyen ikinci bozma sebebi konusunda 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununun Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Uygulama \u015eekli Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanun’un 8. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ilk karar tarihi itibar\u0131yla uygulanmas\u0131 gereken 322. maddesine g\u00f6re karar verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan, kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7u y\u00f6n\u00fcnden san\u0131klar hakk\u0131ndaki kamu davalar\u0131n\u0131n TCK’n\u0131n 66\/1-e, 66\/2 ve CMK’n\u0131n 223\/8. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca AYRI AYRI D\u00dc\u015eMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
2- Dosyan\u0131n, mahalline g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na TEVD\u0130\u0130NE, 06.12.2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakerede \u00f6n sorun y\u00f6n\u00fcnden oy birli\u011fiyle; as\u0131l uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla karar verildi.
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u200bYarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 06.12.2023 tarihli, 2022\/248 Esas, 2023\/648 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T.C. Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 2022\/248 E., 2023\/648 K. “\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni” KARARI VEREN YARGITAY DA\u0130RES\u0130 : 6. Ceza Dairesi MAHKEMES\u0130 : \u0130STANBUL 2. \u00c7ocuk SAYISI : 171-486 I. HUKUK\u0130 S\u00dcRE\u00c7 San\u0131klar … ve …’in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, nitelikli h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7undan 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 142\/2-c, 143, 31\/3 ve 62. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca 3 y\u0131l 4 ay; kamu mal\u0131na zarar verme su\u00e7undan ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 152\/1-a, 31\/3 ve 62. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca 1 y\u0131l 8 ay hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u0130stanbul (Kapat\u0131lan) 6. \u00c7ocuk Mahkemesince verilen 17.02.2015 tarihli ve 193-83 say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, san\u0131k … ile san\u0131klar m\u00fcdafii taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine dosyay\u0131 inceleyen Yarg\u0131tay (Kapat\u0131lan) 13. Ceza Dairesince 17.03.2020 tarih ve 311-4274 say\u0131 ile; “Gezi eylemleri devam etti\u011fi s\u0131rada \u0130stikl\u00e2l Caddesi \u00fczerinde bulunan Ziraat Bankas\u0131\u2019na ait d\u00f6rt adet bankamati\u011fe zarar verilerek ATM i\u00e7erisinde bulunan bir miktar paran\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 olayda; 4 numaral\u0131 ATM cihaz\u0131 para koyma haznesi i\u00e7erisi d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinden elde edilen parmak izinin san\u0131k …\u2019in sol el orta parmak izi ile; para koyma haznesi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yerde bulunan naylon po\u015fet \u00fczerinden elde edilen parmak izinin de di\u011fer san\u0131k …\u2019n\u0131n sa\u011f el i\u015faret parmak izi ile ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funun tespiti \u00fczerine her iki san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f ise de, san\u0131klar\u0131n a\u015famalarda al\u0131nan savunmalar\u0131nda, …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n