T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAAN BOZG\u00dcL VE MEHMET VELAT \u0130NC\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/39494)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 18\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
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R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
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Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
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\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
\u015eeyda Nur \u00dcN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucular<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
1. Kaan BOZG\u00dcL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
2. Mehmet Velat \u0130NC\u0130<\/p>\n
Vekilleri<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Benan MOLU<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. \u0130rem YENER<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama \u015feklindeki adli kontrol tedbiri uygulanmas\u0131 nedeniyle e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
A. Bireysel Ba\u015fvuruya Konu S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu Kaan Bozg\u00fcl 1998 do\u011fumlu olup Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Fizik ve Matematik B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden \u00e7ift ana dal yaparak mezun olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu, olaylar\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi tarihte ayr\u0131ca Almanya’da bulunan Ludwig Maximilian \u00dcniversitesi Fizik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in kabul alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucu Mehmet Velat \u0130nci ise 1995 do\u011fumlu olup Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Fizik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde y\u00fcksek lisans \u00f6\u011frencisidir. Ba\u015fvurucu ayr\u0131ca \u0130svi\u00e7re’de bulunan Avrupa N\u00fckleer Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezine (CERN) alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k staj i\u00e7in kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n kamuoyunda “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i eylemleri” olarak bilinen ve Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesine rekt\u00f6r atamas\u0131 nedeniyle bir s\u00fcre devam eden eylemlere kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 sebebiyle haklar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131nda yer alan bilgilere g\u00f6re 4\/10\/2021 tarihinde sosyal medya \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131yla Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Kamp\u00fcs\u00fc’nde “Kayyum rekt\u00f6r istemiyoruz” konulu bir protesto eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fck binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde toplanan yakla\u015f\u0131k altm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filik \u00f6\u011frenci grubu Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fck binas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karak makam arac\u0131na binmek \u00fczere olan Rekt\u00f6r M.N.\u0130.nin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akabinde Rekt\u00f6r’\u00fcn arac\u0131na binmesi ve arac\u0131n kamp\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru hareket etmesi \u00fczerine \u00f6\u011frenci grubu arac\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmi\u015f, sloganlar atm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileriyle arbede ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvurucular da s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6\u011frenci grubunda yer alarak Rekt\u00f6r’\u00fcn arac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla 6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu’na muhalefet ve g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan haklar\u0131nda adli kontrol h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmas\u0131 istemiyle \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 6\/10\/2021 tarihinde sulh ceza h\u00e2kimli\u011fine sevk edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. \u0130stanbul 9. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi (Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi) 6\/10\/2021 tarihinde “kolluk evrak\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphelilerin savunmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm evraklar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kuvvetli su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesini hakl\u0131 k\u0131lan delillerin bulundu\u011fu, \u015f\u00fcphelilerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n delilleri yok etme, gizleme veya de\u011fi\u015ftirme, tan\u0131k ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 giri\u015fiminde bulunulmas\u0131 hususunda kuvvetli \u015f\u00fcphe olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, dosyadaki delillerin hen\u00fcz tam olarak toplanmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve istenen adli kontrol tedbirlerinin uygun ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu” gerek\u00e7esiyle ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun 109. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi gere\u011fince yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama ve (b) bendi gere\u011fince belirlenen yerlere ba\u015fvurma \u015feklinde adli kontrol tedbiri uygulanmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucular, ilgili belgeleri de ekleyerek 10\/10\/2021 tarihinde Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011finden adli kontrol tedbirine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular itiraz dilek\u00e7elerinde; tutuklama \u015fartlar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan adli kontrol tedbirlerine h\u00fckmedilemeyece\u011fini, mevcut olay y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de tutuklama \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fcksek lisans ve staj i\u00e7in kay\u0131t hakk\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 fakat haklar\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fcksek lisans ve staja devam edemeyeceklerini, belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamamalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde vizelerinin iptal edilece\u011fini ve vize alamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130tiraz\u0131 inceleyen \u0130stanbul 10. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi 18\/10\/2021 tarihinde kararda usul ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle itiraz\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Akabinde \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 26\/11\/2021 tarihli ve E.2021\/49395 say\u0131l\u0131 iddianamesiyle ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a muhalefet, g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnme, ki\u015fiyi h\u00fcrriyetinden yoksun k\u0131lma, kara ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rma veya al\u0131koyma su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130stanbul 22. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi) 10\/12\/2021 tarihli tensip ve 7\/1\/2022 tarihli duru\u015fma zab\u0131tlar\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama \u015feklinde uygulanan adli kontrol tedbirinin devam\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular adli kontrol\u00fcn devam\u0131na ili\u015fkin verilen ara karar\u0131na itiraz etmi\u015f, itiraz\u0131 inceleyen \u0130stanbul 4. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi 7\/2\/2022 tarihinde itiraz\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucular, nihai h\u00fckm\u00fc 9\/2\/2022 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra 4\/3\/2022 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
B. Bireysel Ba\u015fvuru Sonras\u0131 S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131nda yarg\u0131lama devam ederken Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi 21\/3\/2022 tarihli duru\u015fmada verilen ara karar\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda uygulanan adli kontrol tedbirinin devam\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular adli kontrol\u00fcn devam\u0131na ili\u015fkin verilen ara karar\u0131na itiraz etmi\u015f, itiraz\u0131 inceleyen \u0130stanbul 5. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi 30\/3\/2022 tarihli karar\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n itiraz\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcne ve haklar\u0131nda uygulanan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama \u015feklindeki adli kontrol tedbirinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucu \u0130stanbul 22. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinin 3\/2\/2023 tarihli karar\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n ki\u015fiyi h\u00fcrriyetinden yoksun k\u0131lma ve kara ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131koyma su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan beraatine, 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a muhalefet ve g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 6 ay hapis cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine dosya, \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 20. Ceza Dairesine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olup derdesttir.<\/p>\n
11. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvurucular; Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011finin ve di\u011fer mahkemelerin genelge\u00e7er ifadelerle, maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 karar verdi\u011fini, kararlarda somut bir gerek\u00e7enin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fcksek lisans ve staj e\u011fitimlerine ba\u015flayamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kabul ald\u0131klar\u0131 programlardaki haklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetme riski oldu\u011funu ve d\u00f6nem kayb\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirterek \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 ile e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; mevcut ba\u015fvuruda ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetine konu haklar\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011fi konusunda Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak incelemede Anayasa ve ilgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanlar\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu adli kontrol tedbirinin bireysel ba\u015fvuru sonras\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak uygulanan adli kontrol tedbiri nedeniyle y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitimi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden d\u00f6nem kayd\u0131, staj y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise hak kayb\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirterek genel hatlar\u0131yla bireysel ba\u015fvuru formundaki iddialar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2linde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
16. E\u011fitim, Anayasa taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir hakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca e\u011fitim, \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir kamu hizmeti olarak sadece do\u011frudan faydalar\u0131 olan bir hizmet de\u011fil geni\u015f sosyal fonksiyonlar\u0131 da olan bir hizmettir. Demokratik bir toplumda insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flamla\u015fmas\u0131 ve devam\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez ve temel bir katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu da a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r (Mehmet Re\u015fit Arslan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/583, 10\/12\/2014, \u00a7 66). Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00f6nceki kararlar\u0131nda e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenim seviyesini de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Hikmet Balabano\u011flu, B. No: 2012\/1334, 17\/9\/2013, \u00a7 28; \u0130hsan Asutay, B. No: 2012\/606, 20\/2\/2014, \u00a7 36), belli bir zamanda mevcut olan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131na etkili bir bi\u00e7imde eri\u015fimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Mehmet Re\u015fit Arslan ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 68), kamu otoritelerine bireyin e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011frenim almas\u0131n\u0131 engellememe \u015feklinde bir negatif \u00f6dev y\u00fckledi\u011fine (Adem \u00d6\u011f\u00fct ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2014\/20527, 22\/11\/2017, \u00a7 44; Y\u00fcksel Baran, B. No: 2012\/782, 26\/6\/2014, \u00a7 36) karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucu Kaan Bozg\u00fcl, Almanya’daki bir \u00fcniversitede y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitimi almaya hak kazanm\u0131\u015f ancak hakk\u0131nda uygulanan adli kontrol tedbiri nedeniyle y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitimine bir d\u00f6nem gidememi\u015f ve bu h\u00e2liyle y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitiminde d\u00f6nem kaybetmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucu Mehmet Velat \u0130nci ise \u0130svi\u00e7re CERN’de alt\u0131 ay staj yapmaya hak kazanm\u0131\u015f ancak hakk\u0131nda uygulanan adli kontrol tedbiri nedeniyle staja gidemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. Avrupa N\u00fckleer Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi veya di\u011fer ad\u0131yla CERN d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131k fizi\u011fi laboratuvar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015fudur. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en prestijli bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen CERN yaln\u0131zca bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015fu olmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda lisans ve lisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6\u011frencilere y\u00f6nelik k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem staj programlar\u0131ndan doktora programlar\u0131na kadar farkl\u0131 s\u00fcre ve \u015fekillerde e\u011fitim vermektedir. Bu kapsamda CERN’deki staj program\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin mesleki bir faaliyetten ziyade daha \u00e7ok teorik ve\/veya pratik e\u011fitimden ibaret oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucu Mehmet Velat \u0130nci’nin hakk\u0131nda uygulanan adli kontrol tedbiri nedeniyle CERN’de staj hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi -her ne kadar staj olarak tabir edilmi\u015f ise de- Anayasa Mahkemesince y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitiminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 niteli\u011finde ve e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
19. Bu h\u00e2liyle ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kay\u0131tl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 e\u011fitim merkezlerine yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle gidememesi, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi sonucunu do\u011furdu\u011fundan e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n
20. E\u011fitim hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 109. ve 110. maddelerinin kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca uygulanan koruma tedbiri ile ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n soru\u015fturma ve duru\u015fmalardan ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinin ve bu yolla maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin s\u00fcratle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fcdahalenin su\u00e7lular\u0131n ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, su\u00e7lular\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yarg\u0131lama g\u00f6revinin gere\u011fine uygun olarak yerine getirilmesi ve bu suretle kamu d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ile yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belirlemelerin ard\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 irdelenecektir.<\/p>\n
21. Genel olarak adli kontrol, i\u015fledi\u011fi iddia olunan bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, tutuklama sebeplerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde belirli y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler y\u00fcklenerek adli makam ve mercilerin denetimi ve kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na sokulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Adli kontrol koruma tedbiri tutuklamaya g\u00f6re ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc daha az k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve san\u0131k tutuklanmaks\u0131z\u0131n muhakemenin yap\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tutuklama yerine ge\u00e7mek \u00fczere ihdas edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylelikle ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n denetim alt\u0131nda tutulabilmektedir. Tutuklamaya alternatif bir koruma tedbiri olan adli kontrol, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile tutuklamaya ancak istisnai h\u00e2llerde ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerlik kazanmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmakta; tutuklaman\u0131n son \u00e7are olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r (H\u00fclya Kar [GK], B. No: 2015\/20360, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 18, 50; ayr\u0131ca bkz. Latife Aky\u00fcz, B. No: 2016\/50822, 7\/9\/2021, \u00a7 46; Hakk\u0131 G\u00f6k, B. No: 2017\/33469, 3\/11\/2022, \u00a7 42). Nitekim 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 109. maddesinde, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 100. maddesinde belirtilen tutuklama sebeplerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde tutuklama yerine adli kontrol karar\u0131 verilebilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda an\u0131lan mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde adli kontrol karar\u0131 verilebilmesi i\u00e7in kuvvetli su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren somut delillerin ve bir tutuklama nedeninin bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Elbette uygulanan tedbirin hukuka uygun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesinin ve uygulanma nedeninin denetime elveri\u015fli olacak \u015fekilde yeterli bir gerek\u00e7eyle ortaya konulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
22. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesi mahkemelerin koruma tedbiri kararlar\u0131nda lehte ve aleyhte ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen b\u00fct\u00fcn delilleri incelemek, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleye katlanmay\u0131 gerektirecek nitelikte kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 k\u0131lan ger\u00e7ek bir ihtiyac\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek zorunda olduklar\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fcregelen koruma tedbirlerinin devam\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak verilen kararlarda da tedbirin devam\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 k\u0131lan gerek\u00e7elerin g\u00f6sterilmesi ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan menfaatler aras\u0131nda adil dengenin korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir (H\u00fclya Kar, \u00a7\u00a7 29, 30, 35; ayr\u0131ca bkz. Latife Aky\u00fcz, \u00a7\u00a7 49-52, 56; Hakk\u0131 G\u00f6k, \u00a7\u00a7 51, 52). Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa Mahkemesi H\u00fclya Kar ve Latife Aky\u00fcz ba\u015fvurular\u0131nda ba\u015fvuruya konu adli kontrol koruma tedbirinde oldu\u011fu gibi t\u00fcm koruma tedbirlerinin ge\u00e7ici oldu\u011funu, herhangi bir tedbirin ilanihaye veya herhangi bir kriterden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak s\u00fcreklilik arz eder bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015f; s\u00fcregelen bir koruma tedbirinin durumun gerektirdi\u011finden daha uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda tedbir nedeniyle m\u00fcdahale edilen anayasal haklar\u0131n ihlalinin s\u00f6z konusu olabilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan kararda, tedbirin t\u00fcr\u00fc ve kapsam\u0131 konusunda yarg\u0131 mercilerinin geni\u015f takdir hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu ancak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda al\u0131nan koruma tedbiri ile hedeflenen amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in haklar\u0131n daha az s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak alternatif yollar\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir (H\u00fclya Kar, \u00a7\u00a7 25-28, 44; Latife Aky\u00fcz, \u00a7\u00a7 48-51, 58; Hakk\u0131 G\u00f6k, \u00a7\u00a7 44-47, 54).<\/p>\n
23. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6zellikle yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama \u015feklindeki adli kontrol tedbirine karar verilirken ki\u015finin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar\u0131 ile ona isnat edilen su\u00e7un niteli\u011fi, delil durumu ve mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00e2linde alaca\u011f\u0131 cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek adli kontrol tedbirinden beklenen kamusal menfaat ile ba\u015fvurucunun menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 ve bu durumun yeterli gerek\u00e7eyle a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
24. Somut olayda ba\u015fvuruculara isnat edilen su\u00e7lar\u0131n 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a muhalefet ve g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnmek oldu\u011fu, su\u00e7a konu eylemlere ili\u015fkin kolluk tutanaklar\u0131 ile kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilerek soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131na eklendi\u011fi ve ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n isnat edilen su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n da al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011finin adli kontrole ili\u015fkin karar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hangi delillerin toplanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n hangi delillere y\u00f6nelik gizleme giri\u015fiminde bulunma ve tan\u0131k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ne t\u00fcr ve nas\u0131l bir bask\u0131 kurma ihtimalleri oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011finin adli kontrole ili\u015fkin karar\u0131nda, adli kontrol tedbirinin verilmesi ile “kuvvetli su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesini hakl\u0131 k\u0131lan delillerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve istenen adli kontrol tedbirlerinin uygun ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu” ifadeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda hangi ama\u00e7la ve gereklilikle yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama \u015feklindeki adli kontrol tedbirinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair herhangi bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. \u00d6te yandan yarg\u0131lama devam ederken Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinin adli kontrol tedbirinin devam\u0131na ili\u015fkin ara kararlar\u0131nda ve A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinin itiraz \u00fczerine verdi\u011fi ret karar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda uygulanan adli kontrol tedbirinin hangi ama\u00e7 ve gerekliliklerle devam ettirildi\u011fine dair herhangi bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcstelik yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda ilk celsede ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yine ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n e\u011fitimleri nedeniyle yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dayanan itiraz gerek\u00e7eleri de Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi ve di\u011fer mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda uygulanan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama \u015feklindeki adli kontrol tedbirinin soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturmaya ne gibi bir faydas\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 somut olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi dosya kapsam\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
26. Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz uygulanan koruma tedbirlerinin hedeflenen amaca ula\u015fmak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile olay\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131nda zorunlu ve en uygun tedbir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan mahkemelerin geni\u015f bir takdir pay\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda al\u0131nan koruma tedbirleri ile hedeflenen amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in haklar\u0131n daha az s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak alternatif yollar bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yarg\u0131 mercileri taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r (Hakk\u0131 G\u00f6k, \u00a7 54). Ancak somut olayda yarg\u0131 mercileri, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki e\u011fitim faaliyetleri nedeniyle tedbirden beklenen yarar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n e\u011fitim hayat\u0131na daha az etki edecek alternatif adli kontrol tedbirleriyle elde edilip edilemeyece\u011fini irdelememi\u015ftir. Somut olayda yarg\u0131 mercileri taraf\u0131ndan adil bir denge kuruldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e ortaya konulmadan ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda 5 ay 24 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle koruma tedbiri uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n e\u011fitim hayat\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olandan daha a\u011f\u0131r ma\u011fduriyet olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. Netice itibar\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama \u015feklindeki adli kontrol tedbirinin ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelen m\u00fcdahalenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tedbirlerin gereklili\u011fi konusunda Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi ile mahkemelerce ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e ortaya konulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa’n\u0131n 42. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
29. Ba\u015fvurucular, ihlalin tespiti ve yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile miktar belirtmeksizin maddi ve manevi tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
30. Ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131nda uygulanan adli kontrol tedbirinin sona ermesi nedeniyle ihlalin ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. Eski h\u00e2le getirme kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruculara manevi zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 net 30.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi gerekir. Ba\u015fvurucular, maddi zarara ili\u015fkin olarak bilgi ve belge sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan maddi tazminat taleplerinin reddine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. E\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 42. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. 30.000 TL manevi tazminat\u0131n ba\u015fvuruculara AYRI AYRI \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE, tazminata ili\u015fkin di\u011fer taleplerin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. 664,10 TL bireysel ba\u015fvuru harc\u0131 ve 18.800 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam19.464,10 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvuruculara M\u00dc\u015eTEREKEN \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
F. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bilgi i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul 22. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesine (E.2021\/695, K.2023\/190) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 18\/7\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 18\/7\/2024 tarihli ve 2022\/39494 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 KAAN BOZG\u00dcL VE MEHMET VELAT \u0130NC\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/39494) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 18\/7\/2024 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM \u00a0 \u00a0 R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7 \u00a0 \u00a0 Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Raport\u00f6r : \u015eeyda Nur \u00dcN Ba\u015fvurucular : 1. Kaan BOZG\u00dcL \u00a0 \u00a0 2. Mehmet Velat \u0130NC\u0130 Vekilleri : Av. Benan MOLU \u00a0 : Av. \u0130rem YENER \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamama \u015feklindeki adli kontrol tedbiri uygulanmas\u0131 nedeniyle e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. A. Bireysel Ba\u015fvuruya Konu S\u00fcre\u00e7 2. Ba\u015fvurucu Kaan Bozg\u00fcl 1998 do\u011fumlu olup Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Fizik ve Matematik B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden \u00e7ift ana dal yaparak mezun olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu, olaylar\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi tarihte ayr\u0131ca Almanya’da bulunan Ludwig Maximilian \u00dcniversitesi Fizik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in kabul alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer ba\u015fvurucu Mehmet Velat \u0130nci ise 1995 do\u011fumlu olup Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Fizik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde y\u00fcksek lisans \u00f6\u011frencisidir. Ba\u015fvurucu ayr\u0131ca \u0130svi\u00e7re’de bulunan Avrupa N\u00fckleer Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezine (CERN) alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k staj i\u00e7in kabul edilmi\u015ftir. 3. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n kamuoyunda “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i eylemleri” olarak bilinen ve Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesine rekt\u00f6r atamas\u0131 nedeniyle bir s\u00fcre devam eden eylemlere kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 sebebiyle haklar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Soru\u015fturma …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n