T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
FATMA TAL\u0130A ALAN BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/25821)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 11\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6rler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Murat \u0130lter DEVEC\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Hasan H\u00dcZMEL\u0130<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Fatma Talia ALAN<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Metin \u0130R\u0130Z<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 <\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru; hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan manevi zarar\u0131n tazmini istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada yeterli tazminata h\u00fckmedilmemesi nedeniyle ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve tazminat miktar\u0131 belirlenirken toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011finin dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 nedeniyle de toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnden sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te kamu g\u00f6revinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucu, iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u015fvuruya konu olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihte Kamu Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonuna (KESK) ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sendikan\u0131n kamuoyunca bilinen y\u00f6neticisidir.<\/p>\n
3. Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn talebi \u00fczerine Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Kaymakam\u0131 1\/6\/2018 tarihinde, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile esenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 ve 24\/6\/2018 tarihinde yap\u0131lacak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Se\u00e7imi ve 27. D\u00f6nem Milletvekili Genel Se\u00e7imi’ne ili\u015fkin propaganda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in KESK \u00fcyelerinin Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck) Meydan\u0131 ve \u00e7evresinde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ve oturma eylemi gibi faaliyetlerde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen yasaklama karar\u0131, 10\/6\/1949 tarihli ve 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130l \u0130daresi Kanunu\u2019nun 32. maddesinin (\u00c7) f\u0131kras\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karardan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n
– KESK \u00fcyeleri altm\u0131\u015f yedi haftad\u0131r haftan\u0131n belirli g\u00fcnlerinde, kamu g\u00f6revinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan sendika \u00fcyelerinin yeniden kamu g\u00f6revine al\u0131nmas\u0131 talebiyle meydanda \u00fc\u00e7 saat s\u00fcren eylemler yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen meydan yayalar\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bir yerdir. Devam eden tren hatt\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7evredeki yaya \u00fcst ge\u00e7idi iptal edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici olarak hayata ge\u00e7irilen yeni yaya \u00fcst ge\u00e7idi, dar olan meydan\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7im \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle siyasi partiler meydanda stant a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca meydanda yerel y\u00f6netime ait iftar \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131 ile iftarl\u0131k malzeme ta\u015f\u0131yan kamyonet bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– KESK \u00fcyeleri bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan eylemleriyle ilgili olarak herhangi bir m\u00fcracaatta bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Siyasi partiler propaganda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda hoparl\u00f6r kullanmazken KESK \u00fcyeleri, hoparl\u00f6r kullanarak sloganlar atmakta ve bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda baz\u0131 siyasi partileri hedef alacak \u015fekilde propaganda yapmaktad\u0131r. Olduk\u00e7a dar olan meydanda siyasi partilere ait stantlar da bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in telafisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan olaylar\u0131n meydana gelmesi kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n
4. KESK \u00fcyelerinden\/eski \u00fcyelerinden olu\u015fan yakla\u015f\u0131k yirmi be\u015f ki\u015filik bir grup, bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve oturma eylemi yapmak \u00fczere 2\/6\/2018 tarihinde saat 13.35 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet Meydan\u0131\u2019nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Grupta ba\u015fvurucu da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Konuyla ilgili polis tutana\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n
i. Yasaklama karar\u0131ndan haberdar edilen bir grup \u00fcyesi polise eylemlerini mutlaka yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan grup; \u00fczerinde \u201c\u0130\u015fimizi ekme\u011fimizi geri alaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d yazan bir pankart\u0131 yere sermi\u015f, sendika isminin yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu yeleklerini giymi\u015f ve hep bir a\u011f\u0131zdan \u201cG\u00fcn gelecek devran d\u00f6necek, AKP halka hesap verecek\u201d, \u201cDirene direne kazanaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d, \u201cAKP\u2019nin memuru olmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d ve \u201cAKP gidecek biz kalaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d \u015feklinde sloganlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ii. 13.40 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda polis; ses y\u00fckseltici cihaz kullanarak toplant\u0131n\u0131n kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, da\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, aksi h\u00e2lde artan nispette g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak toplant\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gruba bildirmi\u015ftir. Bu bildirim belirli aral\u0131klarla \u00fc\u00e7 kez yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te baz\u0131 grup \u00fcyeleri da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aralar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun da bulundu\u011fu on be\u015f ki\u015fi, da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar ederek yere oturmu\u015f; kol kola girerek birbirlerine kenetlenmi\u015f ve slogan atmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. 14.05 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda polis, artan oranda g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak aralar\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar eden ki\u015fileri yakalay\u0131p g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nanlar\u0131n bindirildi\u011fi araca alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
iii. 14.28 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda telefonla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen n\u00f6bet\u00e7i Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphelilerin kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar etme su\u00e7u nedeniyle ifadelerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve soru\u015fturma evrak\u0131n\u0131n ikmal edilerek g\u00f6nderilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde polise talimat vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iv. Yakalanan ki\u015filere destek i\u00e7in 15.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda toplanan yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk ki\u015filik gruptan on d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi, 16.55 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 bu ki\u015filer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de polise ayn\u0131 talimat\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Polis 6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu\u2019nun 32. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen direnme su\u00e7u nedeniyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda 17.09\u2019da ba\u015fvurucunun ifadesini almak istemi\u015f ancak ba\u015fvurucu susma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Soru\u015fturma evrak\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda adli rapor al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lsa da ba\u015fvurucunun ne zaman serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Aralar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheliler hakk\u0131nda direnme su\u00e7unu i\u015fledikleri iddias\u0131yla kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ddianamede; \u015f\u00fcphelilerin yasaklama karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen meydanda toplan\u0131p slogan att\u0131klar\u0131, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtarlara kar\u015f\u0131n yere oturduklar\u0131, kol kola girmek suretiyle kenetlenerek slogan atmaya devam ettikleri ve kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar ettikleri ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y 33. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi, san\u0131klara isnat edilen su\u00e7un olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle san\u0131klar\u0131n beraatine karar vermi\u015ftir. Karara g\u00f6re iddianamede su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden bir eyleme yer verilmemi\u015f, toplant\u0131n\u0131n kamu d\u00fczenini bozdu\u011fu da iddia edilmemi\u015ftir. Yasaklama karar\u0131 ilgili Sendikaya bildirilmemi\u015f ve polisin asayi\u015fi bozucu nitelikteki m\u00fcdahalesine kadar herhangi bir sorun ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7in ilgili kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bildirimin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131, toplant\u0131y\u0131 kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00e2le getirse bile bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in gerek\u00e7e olu\u015fturamaz. Ayr\u0131ca 30\/3\/2005 tarihli ve 5326 say\u0131l\u0131 Kabahatler Kanunu\u2019nun emre ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 32. maddesinin ko\u015fullar\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
7. Aleyhine kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in an\u0131lan karar, ba\u015fvurucu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden 2\/12\/2019 tarihinde kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucu 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 141. vd. maddelerine dayanarak \u0130stanbul 6. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinde (Ceza Mahkemesi) tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Manevi tazminat olarak 5.000 TL talep eden ba\u015fvurucu, dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle \u015fu iddialarda bulunmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
– Kamu g\u00f6revinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 sendika \u00fcyelerine y\u00f6nelik etkinlik kapsam\u0131nda, ifade ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada yakalanarak g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve bir sonraki g\u00fcn, gecenin ilerleyen saatlerinde serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, kolluk m\u00fcdahalesi nedeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir. Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar etme su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve beraat etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
-Yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 i\u015flemleri nedeniyle ma\u011fdur edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Ki\u015finin haks\u0131z bir \u015fekilde yakalanarak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyen a\u011f\u0131r bir ihlaldir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u00fckmedilecek manevi tazminat, di\u011fer tazminat sebepleriyle h\u00fckmedilene k\u0131yasla daha fazla olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. Ceza Mahkemesi 16\/10\/2020 tarihinde, ba\u015fvurucuya manevi tazminat olarak200 TL \u00f6denmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurucu an\u0131lan karar aleyhine istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvuruda dile getirilen iddialara g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun kamunun kusuru ile g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131lama neticesinde beraat etmesi nedeniyle belirlenen manevi tazminat miktar\u0131 yetersizdir.<\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvurucunun istinaf ba\u015fvurusu \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 19. Ceza Dairesince (Ceza Dairesi) esastan reddedilmi\u015ftir. Buna ili\u015fkin karar ba\u015fvurucu vekilince 20\/5\/2021 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f, ba\u015fvuru 21\/5\/2021 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME <\/p>\n
A. Ki\u015fi H\u00fcrriyeti ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvurucu, haks\u0131z yere yakalan\u0131p g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Ceza Mahkemesince h\u00fckmedilen tazminat\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011funu iddia ederek ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurucuya g\u00f6re hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmada polis kendisini ifade vermeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabilirdi. Ayr\u0131ca tazminat miktar\u0131 belirlenirken yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 i\u015flemlerine anayasal haklar kullan\u0131l\u0131rken ba\u015fvuruldu\u011fu, kendisine isnat edilen su\u00e7 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada beraat etti\u011fi ve hem \u00f6\u011fretmen hem sendika y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131 idi. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; ba\u015fvurucunun tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7arken 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 141. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fvurucu lehine tazminata h\u00fckmedildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun ma\u011fdur s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n devam edip etmedi\u011finin de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi ve ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinin kanun yolu \u015fik\u00e2yeti niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n icap etti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa Mahkemesi G\u00fclseren \u00c7\u0131tak ([GK], B. No: 2020\/1554, 27\/4\/2023) karar\u0131yla i\u00e7tihat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gitmi\u015f, haklar\u0131nda kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya beraat karar\u0131 verilenlerin 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 141. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tazminat yolunu t\u00fckettikten sonra yakalama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 veya tutuklaman\u0131n hukuki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6denen tazminat\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvurularda ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmi\u015f kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 141. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (e) bendi kapsam\u0131nda bir tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira bu h\u00fck\u00fcmle yakalama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve tutuklaman\u0131n daha sonra verilen kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya beraat karar\u0131yla hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00e2le geldi\u011finin kabul edildi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 141. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (e) bendi uyar\u0131nca a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davalar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bu bent kapsam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k kanun gere\u011fince kabul edildi\u011finden a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesince bu bende dayan\u0131larak tazminat \u00f6denmesi durumunda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak inceleme tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r (an\u0131lan kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 36-39).<\/p>\n
14. Somut olayda Ceza Mahkemesi, hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen yarg\u0131lama sonunda beraat karar\u0131 verilmesi nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucu lehine bir miktar manevi tazminata h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda ihlal iddias\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ayn\u0131 maddenin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
15. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ihlal iddias\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
16. Haks\u0131z g\u00f6zalt\u0131 veya tutma nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen yarg\u0131 mercileri, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen koruma tedbirlerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararla veya davac\u0131lar hakk\u0131ndaki kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n beraat karar\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ederse Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131na uygun olarak, u\u011fran\u0131lan zararlar\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan tazminat hukukunun genel prensiplerine g\u00f6re \u00f6denmesine karar vermelidir. H\u00fckmedilen tazminat ihlalle orant\u0131l\u0131 olmayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6nemsizse ya da Anayasa Mahkemesinin benzer ihlaller nedeniyle h\u00fckmetti\u011fi tazminat miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re kayda de\u011fer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 ihlal edilmi\u015f olur. Bununla birlikte tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesinin benzer ihlaller nedeniyle h\u00fckmetti\u011fi tazminattan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmez zira tazminat\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131yla uyumlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. M.E., B. No: 2018\/696, 9\/5\/2019, \u00a7 48).<\/p>\n
17. Yarg\u0131 merci taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fckmedilen manevi tazminat\u0131n yeterlili\u011fi konusunda yap\u0131lacak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmada nazara al\u0131nacak tazminat miktar\u0131, yarg\u0131 mercinin karar verdi\u011fi tarihte Anayasa Mahkemesince benzer ba\u015fvurularda \u00f6denmesine karar verilen veya verilmesi gereken miktard\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan yakalama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 veya tutuklaman\u0131n hukuki olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilirken ki\u015finin sosyal ve ekonomik durumu, mesleki ve toplumsal konumu, \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un niteli\u011fi, koruma tedbirine neden olan olay\u0131n olu\u015f \u015fekli, tedbirin ki\u015finin \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz etkiler ve tedbirin s\u00fcresi, tedbir nedeniyle meydana gelen ihlalin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r (Siyami H\u0131d\u0131ro\u011flu [GK], B. No: 2018\/11489, 11\/1\/2024, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
18. Ceza Mahkemesince \u00f6denmesine karar verilen 200 TL manevi tazminat, somut olay\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ve manevi tazminat\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin yukar\u0131da belirtilen kriterler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde -tazminata karar veren ilk derece mahkemesinin karar tarihi itibar\u0131yla- Anayasa Mahkemesinin benzer durumlarda \u00f6denmesine karar verdi\u011fi veya verebilece\u011fi tazminat miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr (Anayasa Mahkemesinin g\u00f6zalt\u0131n\u0131n hukukili\u011fi ile ilgili iddialarda bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7in \u00f6denmesine karar verdi\u011fi tazminat miktar\u0131 derece mahkemesinin karar tarihi olan 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in asgari 600 TL, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in ise 2.970 TL\u2019dir.). Ceza Mahkemesince h\u00fckmedilen tazminat\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesinin benzer durumlarda verilmesine h\u00fckmetti\u011fi tazminat miktar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekmemekle birlikte somut olay\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131nda \u00f6denmesine h\u00fckmedilen miktar\u0131n tazminat hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatacak kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
19. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ayn\u0131 maddenin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc D\u00fczenleme Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvurucu, idarece toplant\u0131 mek\u00e2n\u0131 olarak belirlenen Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet Meydan\u0131\u2019nda bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak istemesi nedeniyle yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 i\u015flemlerine maruz kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011finden yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. Ba\u015fvuru, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
22. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ihlal iddias\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
23. Somut olayda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanun taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015f g\u00f6zalt\u0131 tedbiri nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucu lehine Ceza Mahkemesince manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa Mahkemesi, somut olay\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131nda \u00f6denmesine h\u00fckmedilen miktar\u0131n tazminat hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatacak kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir. Bu durumda haks\u0131z koruma tedbiri nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davas\u0131nda tazminat miktar\u0131 belirlenirken ba\u015fvurucunun toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenme hakk\u0131na da m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011finin g\u00f6zetilip g\u00f6zetilemeyece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olay ve olgular\u0131 somut ba\u015fvuru ile benzer nitelikte olan Yal\u00e7\u0131n D\u00fczg\u00fcn ([GK], B. No: 2021\/23140, 29\/5\/2024, \u00a7\u00a7 23, 24) karar\u0131nda; koruma tedbirleri sonucu ki\u015fisel hakk\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan manevi tazminat davas\u0131nda, koruma tedbirinin ki\u015finin \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz etkiler ile hak ihlali ve\/veya ihlallerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ceza mahkemesince dikkate al\u0131nabilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan kararda Anayasa Mahkemesi; beraat karar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 141. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davas\u0131nda yarg\u0131 merciince, uygulanan koruma tedbirinin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmemesi ve takdir edilecek tazminat miktar\u0131nda bu durumun g\u00f6zetilmemesinin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Somut olayda da Yal\u00e7\u0131n D\u00fczg\u00fcn (ayn\u0131 kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 23, 24) karar\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirme ve kabulden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir durum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
25. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa’n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE bu sonuca farkl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvurucu; ihlalin tespitini, yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve herhangi bir miktar belirtmeden lehine manevi tazminata karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
27. Anayasa Mahkemesince yap\u0131lan inceleme sonucunda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ayn\u0131 maddenin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131 ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen s\u00f6z konusu hak ihlallerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin ihlal iddialar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilerek ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni bir karar vermektir (Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100). .<\/p>\n
28. \u0130hlalin ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yeterli bir giderim sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan tazminat talebinin reddine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. 1. Ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
2. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. 1. Ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 19. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ayn\u0131 maddenin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131 ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin ihlal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul 6. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesine (E.2020\/108, K.2020\/240) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvurucunun tazminat talebinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 487,60 TL har\u00e7 ve 18.800 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 19.287,60 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demenin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin bilgi i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 19. Ceza Dairesine (E.2020\/4551, K.2021\/1123) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
H. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 11\/7\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
FARKLI GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucu, haks\u0131z yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan manevi zarar\u0131n tazmini istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada yeterli tazminata h\u00fckmedilmemesi nedeniyle ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n, tazminat miktar\u0131 belirlenirken toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011finin dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 nedeniyle de toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, beraat karar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 141. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davas\u0131nda tazminat miktar\u0131 belirlenirken A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesince toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011finin dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 nedeniyle toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130hlal sonucuna kat\u0131lmakla birlikte, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ihlal sonucuna adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131ndan ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyim.<\/p>\n
2. Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 1\/6\/2018 tarihinde, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve esenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla 24\/6\/2018 tarihinde yap\u0131lacak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Se\u00e7imi ve 27. D\u00f6nem Milletvekili Genel Se\u00e7imine ili\u015fkin propaganda s\u00fcresince KESK \u00fcyelerinin Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet Meydan\u0131\u2019nda bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ve benzeri etkinliklerde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasaklama karar\u0131 10\/6\/1949 tarihli ve 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130l \u0130daresi Kanunu\u2019nun 32. maddesinin (\u00c7) f\u0131kras\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karara g\u00f6re KESK \u00fcyeleri haftan\u0131n belirli g\u00fcnlerinde s\u00f6z konusu meydanda yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 saat s\u00fcren eylemler yapmakta; bu eylemlerde hoparl\u00f6r kullanarak sloganlar at\u0131lmakta, baz\u0131 siyasi partileri hedef alacak \u015fekilde propaganda yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu ise alanda stantlar\u0131 bulunan siyasi partilerin faaliyetlerini engelleyerek gerginli\u011fe sebebiyet vermektedir (\u00a7 3).<\/p>\n
3. 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnden sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te kamu g\u00f6revinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ba\u015fvurucunun da bulundu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k yirmi be\u015f ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan bir grup KESK \u00fcyesi 2\/6\/2018 tarihinde saat 13.35 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet Meydan\u0131\u2019na girmek istemi\u015f ancak polisin engeliyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Polislerce d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011fa g\u00f6re; yasaklama karar\u0131 grup \u00fcyelerine okunmu\u015f, grup \u00fcyelerinin karar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp okumas\u0131 da sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak \u201cDirene direne kazanaca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d, \u201cG\u00fcn gelecek devran d\u00f6necek, AKP halka hesap verecek.\u201d, \u201cAKP\u2019nin memuru olmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d ve \u201cAKP gidecek biz kalaca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d \u015feklinde sloganlar atan grup \u00fcyeleri birbirlerine kenetlenmi\u015f ve da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar etmi\u015ftir. Grup \u00fcyelerini da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in polis kademeli olarak g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak grup \u00fcyeleri 14.05 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda orant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak kolluk arac\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Telefonla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen n\u00f6bet\u00e7i Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheliler hakk\u0131nda kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar etme su\u00e7u nedeniyle i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.Polis, ayn\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 32. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen direnme su\u00e7u nedeniyle 17.09\u2019da ba\u015fvurucunun ifadesini almak istemi\u015f fakat ba\u015fvurucu susma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvurucunun da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheliler hakk\u0131nda direnme su\u00e7unu i\u015fledikleri iddias\u0131yla kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; iddianamede, \u015f\u00fcphelilerin yasaklama karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen meydanda toplan\u0131p slogan att\u0131klar\u0131, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtarlara kar\u015f\u0131n yere oturduklar\u0131, kol kola girmek suretiyle kenetlenerek slogan atmaya devam ettikleri ve kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar ettikleri belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y 33. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi, eylemin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle beraat karar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmayan karar 2\/12\/2019 tarihinde kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y il\u00e7esinin emniyet ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finden sorumlu olan Kaymakaml\u0131k, kamu d\u00fczenin korunmas\u0131, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu tarihte toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015f, yasaklama karar\u0131 m\u00fcdahale \u00f6ncesi ba\u015fvurucunun bulundu\u011fu gruba okunmu\u015f, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k grup da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar etmi\u015f, direnenler hakk\u0131nda yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma i\u015flemi uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n karar\u0131nda ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7e ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki, 24\/6\/2018 tarihinde yap\u0131lacak halk oylamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin propaganda s\u00fcresince s\u00f6z konusu alanda yasaklama karar\u0131 uygulanm\u0131\u015f, 1\/6\/2018 tarihinden \u00f6nce ise ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n toplanmas\u0131na bir yasaklama getirilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n ba\u015fka bir alanda toplant\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, Kaymakaml\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan buna ili\u015fkin bir ret karar\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. \u0130darenin, toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamu d\u00fczeni ve kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihlal edilmeden ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kendi yetki \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fcdahalede bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Nitekim benzer ba\u015fka dosyalarda da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131 oy g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinde (bkz. 2016\/14517, 2019\/21898) toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmedi\u011fini belirttim.<\/p>\n
7. Ancak bu ba\u015fvuruda, ba\u015fvurucunun beraat karar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 141. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davas\u0131nda tazminat miktar\u0131 belirlenirken A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesince toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011finin dikkate almamas\u0131 nedeniyle toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ihlal edildi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
8. Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bir unsuru olan gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131, ki\u015filerin adil bir \u015fekilde yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ve denetlemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n muhakeme s\u0131ras\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri iddialar\u0131n\u0131n kurallara uygun bi\u00e7imde incelenip incelenmedi\u011fini bilmeleri ve ayr\u0131ca demokratik bir toplumda kendi adlar\u0131na verilen yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerini toplumun \u00f6\u011frenmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de gereklidir (Sencer Ba\u015fat ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2013\/7800, 18\/6\/2014, \u00a7\u00a7 31, 34).<\/p>\n
9. Mahkemelerin an\u0131lan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yarg\u0131lamada ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc iddia ve savunmaya karar gerek\u00e7esinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 yan\u0131t verilmesi gerekti\u011fi \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Ancak derece mahkemeleri, kendilerine sunulan t\u00fcm iddialara yan\u0131t vermek zorunda de\u011filse de (Yasemin Ek\u015fi, B. No: 2013\/5486, 4\/12\/2013, \u00a7 56) davan\u0131n esas sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7eli karardan anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Bir kararda tam olarak hangi unsurlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi davan\u0131n niteli\u011fine ve ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Muhakeme s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k ve somut bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddia ve savunmalar\u0131n davan\u0131n sonucuna etkili olmas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle davan\u0131n sonucunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek nitelikte bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde davayla do\u011frudan ilgili olan bu hususlara mahkemelerce makul bir gerek\u00e7e ile yan\u0131t verilmesi gerekir (Sencer Ba\u015fat ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 35). Aksi bir tutumla mahkemenin davan\u0131n sonucuna etkili oldu\u011funu kabul etti\u011fi bir husus hakk\u0131nda ilgili ve yeterli bir yan\u0131t vermemesi veya yan\u0131t verilmesini gerektiren usul veya esasa dair iddialar\u0131n cevaps\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hak ihlaline neden olabilecektir (Sencer Ba\u015fat ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 39).<\/p>\n
11. Somut olayda A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinin beraat karar\u0131 sonras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davas\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu do\u011frudan etkileyen baz\u0131 iddialar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck belirledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Bu eksiklik istinaf incelemesinde de telafi edilmemi\u015ftir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, ba\u015fvurunun adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden ihlal sonucuna yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan farkl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle kat\u0131l\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 11\/7\/2024 tarihli ve 2021\/25821 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 FATMA TAL\u0130A ALAN BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/25821) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 11\/7\/2024 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE Raport\u00f6rler : Murat \u0130lter DEVEC\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 Hasan H\u00dcZMEL\u0130 Ba\u015fvurucu : Fatma Talia ALAN Vekili : Av. Metin \u0130R\u0130Z \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru; hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan manevi zarar\u0131n tazmini istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada yeterli tazminata h\u00fckmedilmemesi nedeniyle ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve tazminat miktar\u0131 belirlenirken toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011finin dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 nedeniyle de toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnden sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te kamu g\u00f6revinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucu, iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u015fvuruya konu olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihte Kamu Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonuna (KESK) ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sendikan\u0131n kamuoyunca bilinen y\u00f6neticisidir. 3. Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn talebi \u00fczerine Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Kaymakam\u0131 1\/6\/2018 tarihinde, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile esenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 ve 24\/6\/2018 tarihinde yap\u0131lacak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Se\u00e7imi ve 27. D\u00f6nem Milletvekili Genel Se\u00e7imi’ne ili\u015fkin propaganda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in KESK \u00fcyelerinin Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck) Meydan\u0131 ve \u00e7evresinde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ve oturma eylemi …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n