ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/169<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/72<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 6\/3\/2025<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 13\/6\/2025 – 32925<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Gaziosmanpa\u015fa 1. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 20\/2\/1930 tarihli ve 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Paras\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131ymetini Koruma Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 24\/12\/2008 tarihli ve 5827 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 3. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Bildirim ve izin \u015fart\u0131na uyulmadan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na k\u0131ymetli maden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle verilen idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 3. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cMadde 3 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 24\/12\/2008- 5827\/1 md.)<\/p>\n
Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re yapm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu genel ve d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerdeki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket eden ki\u015fi, \u00fc\u00e7bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131ndan yirmibe\u015fbin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131na kadar idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fiil, 1 inci maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131ymetlerin izinsiz olarak yurttan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya yurda sokulmas\u0131 mahiyetinde ise 21\/3\/2007 tarihli ve 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re su\u00e7 veya kabahat olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ki\u015fi; e\u015fya ve k\u0131ymetlerin rayi\u00e7 bedeli kadar, te\u015febb\u00fcs halinde bu bedelin yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
…\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cMadde 1 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 15\/2\/1954- 6258\/1 md.)<\/p>\n
Kambiyo, nukut, esham ve tahvilat al\u0131m ve sat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve bunlar ile k\u0131ymetli madenler ve k\u0131ymetli ta\u015flarla bunlardan mamul veya bunlar\u0131 muhtevi her nevi e\u015fya ve k\u0131ymetlerin ve ticari senetlerle tediyeyi temine yar\u0131yan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc vas\u0131ta ve vesikalar\u0131n memleketten ihrac\u0131 veya memlekete ithalinin tanzim ve tahdidine ve T\u00fcrk paras\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ymetinin korunmas\u0131 z\u0131mn\u0131nda kararlar ittihaz\u0131na Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 salahiyetlidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 24\/9\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Derya ATAKUL taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
3. 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 1. maddesiyle d\u00f6viz, banknot, hisse senetleri ve tahvillerin al\u0131m ve sat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve bunlar ile k\u0131ymetli madenler ve k\u0131ymetli ta\u015flarla bunlardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da bunlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc e\u015fya ve k\u0131ymetlerin ve ticari senetlerle \u00f6deme sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u00e7 ve belgenin \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00fclkeye getirilmesinin d\u00fczenlenmesi, s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk paras\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kararlar alma yetkisi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. An\u0131lan Kanun ve madde uyar\u0131nca al\u0131nan kararlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket eden ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile bu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin yetkilisi veya temsilcisi olan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda uygulanacak olan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ise Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin itiraz konusu ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131ymetlerin izinsiz olarak yurttan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya yurda sokulmas\u0131 durumunda fiil 21\/3\/2007 tarihli ve 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re su\u00e7 veya kabahat olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ki\u015fi; e\u015fya ve k\u0131ymetlerin rayi\u00e7 bedeli kadar, te\u015febb\u00fcs h\u00e2linde bu bedelin yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131ymetlerin izinsiz olarak yurttan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da yurda sokulmas\u0131 kabahatinin i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n maktu para cezas\u0131 \u015feklinde belirlenmesi nedeniyle mahkemelerin somut olay\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiremedi\u011fi, bu itibarla h\u00e2kime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131mayan ve korunmak istenen me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ile m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermeyen kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
6. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\/ Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve parasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2015\/39, K.2015\/62, 1\/7\/2015, \u00a7 20).<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde bir temel hak olarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131; ki\u015fiye -ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n koydu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla- sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma ve tasarruf etme, onun semerelerinden yararlanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri [1. B], B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 32). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla malikin m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma, semerelerinden yararlanma ve m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkilerinden herhangi birinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil eder (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan [1. B], B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 53). Ayr\u0131ca ki\u015finin mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda azalma meydana gelmesi sonucu do\u011furan kamusal i\u015flem ve eylemler de m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturur (T\u00fclay Arslan ve di\u011ferleri [1. B], B. No: 2014\/7051, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 77).<\/p>\n
9. Kural, 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131ymetlerin izinsiz olarak yurttan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya yurda sokulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ve bu fiil 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re su\u00e7 veya kabahat olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ki\u015finin e\u015fya ve k\u0131ymetlerin rayi\u00e7 bedeli kadar, te\u015febb\u00fcs h\u00e2linde bu bedelin yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Anayasa’n\u0131n 35. maddesinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilirken temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinin de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesi uyar\u0131nca m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa Mahkemesinin s\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
13. Esasen temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan olan hukuki belirlilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. Kuralda hangi h\u00e2l ve \u015fartlarda, kimlere, ne kadar idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak belirlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. Kamu d\u00fczeni ve ekonomik istikrar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belirli k\u0131ymetlerin izinsiz olarak \u00fclkeye sokulmas\u0131 ya da \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, devletin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 gereken bir faaliyettir. Devlet, bu t\u00fcr mallar\u0131n serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rarak hem kendi ekonomik g\u00fcvenli\u011fini hem de vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Kuralla izinsiz olarak yap\u0131lan bu t\u00fcr fiillerin do\u011frudan su\u00e7 ya da kabahat olu\u015fturmamas\u0131 durumunda dahi ilgili ki\u015filere idari para cezas\u0131 uygulanarak cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu suretle kanun koyucu, m\u00fclk\u00fcn kamu yarar\u0131na kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 denetlemek i\u00e7in ekonomik de\u011feri y\u00fcksek olan mallar\u0131n hareketini d\u00fczenleme ve izinsiz i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flama yolunu tercih etmektedir. Bu itibarla Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde belirtilen k\u0131ymetlerin yurda giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol edilmesinde kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde ifade edilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir di\u011fer ilkedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa Mahkemesi, bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu Mohammad Atamleh ([GK], B. No: 2020\/9691, 29\/2\/2024) karar\u0131nda kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f ve kural\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011funa karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. An\u0131lan kararda bildirim ko\u015fulunu sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik olan idari para cezas\u0131 \u015feklindeki yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu, ayr\u0131ca kuraldaki fiilin su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fi ve bu fiil i\u00e7in adli bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, kabahat olarak d\u00fczenlenen fiile yapt\u0131r\u0131m olarak yaln\u0131zca idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n belirlendi\u011fi de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n gereklilik ko\u015fulunu sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Mohammad Atamleh, \u00a7 52).<\/p>\n
19. Kararda orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan incelemede ise kural\u0131n kabahatin i\u015flendi\u011finin tespiti h\u00e2linde somut olay\u0131n niteli\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak sabit oranda bir idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmak suretiyle h\u00e2kime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen me\u015fru amaca ula\u015fmada kullan\u0131lan arac\u0131n ilgililer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan katlan\u0131labilir nitelikte olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye, m\u00fcdahalenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen netice aras\u0131nda bir orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ula\u015f\u0131lan sonucun adil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye izin vermedi\u011fi belirtilerek kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen para cezas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fine karar verilmi\u015ftir (Mohammad Atamleh, \u00a7\u00a7 57, 58).<\/p>\n
20. \u0130tiraz konusu kurala ili\u015fkin olarak an\u0131lan kararda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirir bir durum bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re kural\u0131n kabahati i\u015fleyen ki\u015finin kusur derecesi, paran\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, korunmak istenen me\u015fru amac\u0131n ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi unsurlar\u0131 incelemeye imk\u00e2n vermemek suretiyle olay\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc k\u0131labilecek farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fckledi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130PTAL KARARININ Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RECE\u011e\u0130 G\u00dcN SORUNU<\/p>\n
22. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da bunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, iptal kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar. Gereken hallerde Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu tarih, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.\u201d denilmekte, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu kural tekrarlanarak Mahkemenin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
23. 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n iptali nedeniyle do\u011facak hukuksal bo\u015fluk kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek nitelikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
V. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
20\/2\/1930 tarihli ve 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Paras\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131ymetini Koruma Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 24\/12\/2008 tarihli ve 5827 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 3. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ile Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE 6\/3\/2025 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
Bildirim ve izin \u015fart\u0131na uyulmadan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na k\u0131ymetli maden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle verilen idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesince m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fine karar verilmesini m\u00fcteakiben yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan mahkeme iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131ymetlerin izinsiz olarak yurttan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da yurda sokulmas\u0131 kabahatinin i\u015flenmesi halinde yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n maktu para cezas\u0131 \u015feklinde belirlenmesi nedeniyle mahkemelerin somut olay\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiremedi\u011fi, bu itibarla h\u00e2kime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131mayan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla korunmak istenen me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ile m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermeyen kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan kabahati i\u015fleyen ki\u015finin kusur derecesi, paran\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, korunmak istenen me\u015fru amac\u0131n ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi unsurlar\u0131 incelemeye imk\u00e2n vermedi\u011fi, olay\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc k\u0131labilecek farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemekte oldu\u011fu, idari yapt\u0131r\u0131ma konu kabahatin korudu\u011fu hukuki menfaatin \u00fclkeye alt\u0131n giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 takip etmekten ibaret oldu\u011fu halde verilen sabit oranl\u0131 cezan\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfete yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptaline karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2020\/3691 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 ve 29\/02\/2024 karar tarihli kar\u015f\u0131 oy gerek\u00e7emizde ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iptal talebine konu kural\u0131n ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen m\u00fcdahale amac\u0131yla ki\u015filere y\u00fcklenen k\u00fclfetin orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ile kamu yarar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken adil dengenin bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelere ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenceler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden orant\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun iptali gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 6\/3\/2025 tarihli, 2024\/169 esas – 2025\/72 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/169 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/72 Karar Tarihi : 6\/3\/2025 R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 13\/6\/2025 – 32925 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Gaziosmanpa\u015fa 1. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 20\/2\/1930 tarihli ve 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Paras\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131ymetini Koruma Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 24\/12\/2008 tarihli ve 5827 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 3. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Bildirim ve izin \u015fart\u0131na uyulmadan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na k\u0131ymetli maden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle verilen idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130 A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 3. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cMadde 3 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 24\/12\/2008- 5827\/1 md.) Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re yapm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu genel ve d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerdeki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket eden ki\u015fi, \u00fc\u00e7bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131ndan yirmibe\u015fbin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131na kadar idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Fiil, 1 inci maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131ymetlerin izinsiz olarak yurttan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya yurda sokulmas\u0131 mahiyetinde ise 21\/3\/2007 tarihli ve 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re su\u00e7 veya kabahat olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ki\u015fi; e\u015fya ve k\u0131ymetlerin rayi\u00e7 bedeli kadar, te\u015febb\u00fcs halinde bu bedelin …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n