Ceza hukukunun temel ilkelerinden biri, cezai sorumlulu\u011fun \u015fahsili\u011fi ve failin iradi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, failin zihinsel durumu yani kast, taksir gibi s\u00fcbjektif unsurlar, su\u00e7u tan\u0131mlamak ve cezay\u0131 belirlemek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede kast, olas\u0131 kast, taksir ve bilin\u00e7li taksir kavramlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu (TCK) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nacak, bu unsurlar\u0131n su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u00e7tima\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima kurumu \u00fczerindeki etkisi de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n
1. Kast (TCK m.21\/1)<\/p>\n
TCK m.21\/1\u2019e g\u00f6re kast, \u201csu\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki unsurlar\u0131n bilerek ve istenerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi\u201ddir. Bu tan\u0131m, kast\u0131n hem bilgi (fiilin anlam\u0131, sonucu ve etkileri) hem de irade (sonucu isteme) boyutuna sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Do\u011frudan kastta fail, sonucun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ki\u015fiye ate\u015f eden failin \u00f6ld\u00fcrme amac\u0131 varsa, do\u011frudan kastla hareket etti\u011fi kabul edilir. Bu irade d\u00fczeyi, ceza hukukunda en y\u00fcksek sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011furur.<\/p>\n
2. Olas\u0131 Kast (TCK m.21\/2)<\/p>\n
TCK m.21\/2 olas\u0131 kast\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlar:<\/p>\n
\u201cKi\u015finin, su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki unsurlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen, fiili i\u015flemesi h\u00e2linde olas\u0131 kast vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Burada failin amac\u0131 sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek de\u011fildir; ancak bu ihtimali \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen hareketine devam eder. Failin sonucu \u201ckabullendi\u011fi\u201d varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Ceza sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011frudan kasta g\u00f6re daha azd\u0131r, ancak taksirden fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Taksir (TCK m.22\/1)<\/p>\n
Taksir, failin su\u00e7un sonucunu \u00f6ng\u00f6rememesi ama \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelen su\u00e7 tiplerinde s\u00f6z konusu olur. TCK m.22\/1:<\/p>\n
\u201cTaksir; dikkat ve \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki neticesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu hallerde ceza sorumlulu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; failin maksad\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ihmal, dalg\u0131nl\u0131k veya dikkatsizlik gibi nedenlerle netice ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Bilin\u00e7li Taksir (TCK m.22\/3)<\/p>\n
Bilin\u00e7li taksirde fail, su\u00e7un neticesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr, fakat yine de davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr ve netice ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fine ihtimal vermez. TCK m.22\/3’e g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n
\u201cKi\u015finin, neticenin meydana gelmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen, fiili i\u015flemesi h\u00e2linde bilin\u00e7li taksir vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu durum, cezay\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir taksir t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle trafik ve i\u015f kazalar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
5. Kast \u2013 Olas\u0131 Kast \u2013 Bilin\u00e7li Taksir Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Bu kavramlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n net belirlenmesi gerekir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011frudan ceza miktar\u0131na, su\u00e7un t\u00fcr\u00fcne ve failin toplumsal sorumlulu\u011funa etki eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n
– Do\u011frudan kastta sonu\u00e7 istenir,<\/p>\n
– Olas\u0131 kastta sonu\u00e7 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kabullenilir,<\/p>\n
– Bilin\u00e7li taksirde sonu\u00e7 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ama istenmez; ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle kasten yaralama sonucu \u00f6l\u00fcm olaylar\u0131nda mahkemeler olas\u0131 kast ile bilin\u00e7li taksir ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yaparken failin davran\u0131\u015ftan sonraki tutumunu, olay an\u0131ndaki beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sonuca bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u0130\u00e7tima\u0131 \u2013 TCK m.42\u201344<\/p>\n
TCK\u2019da i\u00e7tima, birden fazla su\u00e7un ayn\u0131 eylemde birle\u015fmesi durumunda uygulanan kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130ki ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta incelenir:<\/p>\n
a. Fikri \u0130\u00e7tima (TCK m.44)<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 fiille birden fazla su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi halinde, en a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 ceza verilir. Failin kast\u0131 burada belirleyicidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma kast\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eylemde ayr\u0131ca ki\u015fisel verilerin ihlali de ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse, fiil bir say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. Ger\u00e7ek \u0130\u00e7tima (TCK m.42)<\/p>\n
Fail, birden fazla ayr\u0131 su\u00e7un yasal tan\u0131m\u0131na uyan eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fse, her bir su\u00e7 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
– Farkl\u0131 zamanlarda ya da farkl\u0131 ma\u011fdurlara kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 i\u015flenmi\u015f olmal\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Kast her bir fiil i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bulunmal\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Su\u00e7lar birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima, \u00f6zellikle kasten i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda kast\u0131n y\u00f6neldi\u011fi ma\u011fdur ve hukuki de\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin fail hem yaralama hem h\u00fcrriyeti tahdit su\u00e7unu i\u015flemi\u015fse ve bu fiiller farkl\u0131 iradi unsurlarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse, ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima uygulan\u0131r ve ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak;<\/p>\n
Ceza Sorumlulu\u011funun Merkezinde Failin \u0130radesi Vard\u0131r<\/p>\n
Failin zihinsel durumu, ceza hukukunda yaln\u0131zca su\u00e7un olu\u015fumunu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda cezan\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, s\u00fcresini ve i\u00e7tima h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirler. Kast, olas\u0131 kast, taksir ve bilin\u00e7li taksir kavramlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca teorik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar de\u011fil; her biri, ceza adaletinin nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fini belirleyen kritik e\u015fiklerdir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131 prati\u011finde bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n belirsizle\u015fti\u011fi durumlarda, failin iradesine ili\u015fkin somut de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, i\u00e7tima h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, ceza hukukunun adalet amac\u0131 ancak failin zihinsel durumu do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde analiz edilirse ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir.<\/p>\n
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. \u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Veli \u00d6zer \u00d6zbek ve di\u011ferleri, Mehaz ve Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Nur Centel \u2013 Prof. Dr. Hamide Zafer, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Daireleri Kararlar\u0131, 2020\u20132024.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun (Resm\u00ee Gazete: 12.10.2004, No: 25611).<\/p>\n
\u200bCeza hukukunun temel ilkelerinden biri, cezai sorumlulu\u011fun \u015fahsili\u011fi ve failin iradi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, failin zihinsel durumu yani kast, taksir gibi s\u00fcbjektif unsurlar, su\u00e7u tan\u0131mlamak ve cezay\u0131 belirlemek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede kast, olas\u0131 kast, taksir ve bilin\u00e7li taksir kavramlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu (TCK) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nacak, bu unsurlar\u0131n su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u00e7tima\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima kurumu \u00fczerindeki etkisi de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n
1. Kast (TCK m.21\/1)<\/p>\n
TCK m.21\/1\u2019e g\u00f6re kast, \u201csu\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki unsurlar\u0131n bilerek ve istenerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi\u201ddir. Bu tan\u0131m, kast\u0131n hem bilgi (fiilin anlam\u0131, sonucu ve etkileri) hem de irade (sonucu isteme) boyutuna sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Do\u011frudan kastta fail, sonucun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ki\u015fiye ate\u015f eden failin \u00f6ld\u00fcrme amac\u0131 varsa, do\u011frudan kastla hareket etti\u011fi kabul edilir. Bu irade d\u00fczeyi, ceza hukukunda en y\u00fcksek sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011furur.<\/p>\n
2. Olas\u0131 Kast (TCK m.21\/2)<\/p>\n
TCK m.21\/2 olas\u0131 kast\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlar:<\/p>\n
\u201cKi\u015finin, su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki unsurlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen, fiili i\u015flemesi h\u00e2linde olas\u0131 kast vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Burada failin amac\u0131 sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek de\u011fildir; ancak bu ihtimali \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen hareketine devam eder. Failin sonucu \u201ckabullendi\u011fi\u201d varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Ceza sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011frudan kasta g\u00f6re daha azd\u0131r, ancak taksirden fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Taksir (TCK m.22\/1)<\/p>\n
Taksir, failin su\u00e7un sonucunu \u00f6ng\u00f6rememesi ama \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelen su\u00e7 tiplerinde s\u00f6z konusu olur. TCK m.22\/1:<\/p>\n
\u201cTaksir; dikkat ve \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki neticesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu hallerde ceza sorumlulu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; failin maksad\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ihmal, dalg\u0131nl\u0131k veya dikkatsizlik gibi nedenlerle netice ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Bilin\u00e7li Taksir (TCK m.22\/3)<\/p>\n
Bilin\u00e7li taksirde fail, su\u00e7un neticesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr, fakat yine de davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr ve netice ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fine ihtimal vermez. TCK m.22\/3’e g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n
\u201cKi\u015finin, neticenin meydana gelmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen, fiili i\u015flemesi h\u00e2linde bilin\u00e7li taksir vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu durum, cezay\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir taksir t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle trafik ve i\u015f kazalar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
5. Kast \u2013 Olas\u0131 Kast \u2013 Bilin\u00e7li Taksir Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Bu kavramlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n net belirlenmesi gerekir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011frudan ceza miktar\u0131na, su\u00e7un t\u00fcr\u00fcne ve failin toplumsal sorumlulu\u011funa etki eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n
– Do\u011frudan kastta sonu\u00e7 istenir,<\/p>\n
– Olas\u0131 kastta sonu\u00e7 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kabullenilir,<\/p>\n
– Bilin\u00e7li taksirde sonu\u00e7 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ama istenmez; ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle kasten yaralama sonucu \u00f6l\u00fcm olaylar\u0131nda mahkemeler olas\u0131 kast ile bilin\u00e7li taksir ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yaparken failin davran\u0131\u015ftan sonraki tutumunu, olay an\u0131ndaki beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sonuca bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u0130\u00e7tima\u0131 \u2013 TCK m.42\u201344<\/p>\n
TCK\u2019da i\u00e7tima, birden fazla su\u00e7un ayn\u0131 eylemde birle\u015fmesi durumunda uygulanan kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130ki ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta incelenir:<\/p>\n
a. Fikri \u0130\u00e7tima (TCK m.44)<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 fiille birden fazla su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi halinde, en a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 ceza verilir. Failin kast\u0131 burada belirleyicidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma kast\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eylemde ayr\u0131ca ki\u015fisel verilerin ihlali de ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse, fiil bir say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. Ger\u00e7ek \u0130\u00e7tima (TCK m.42)<\/p>\n
Fail, birden fazla ayr\u0131 su\u00e7un yasal tan\u0131m\u0131na uyan eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fse, her bir su\u00e7 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
– Farkl\u0131 zamanlarda ya da farkl\u0131 ma\u011fdurlara kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 i\u015flenmi\u015f olmal\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Kast her bir fiil i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bulunmal\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Su\u00e7lar birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima, \u00f6zellikle kasten i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda kast\u0131n y\u00f6neldi\u011fi ma\u011fdur ve hukuki de\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin fail hem yaralama hem h\u00fcrriyeti tahdit su\u00e7unu i\u015flemi\u015fse ve bu fiiller farkl\u0131 iradi unsurlarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse, ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima uygulan\u0131r ve ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak;<\/p>\n
Ceza Sorumlulu\u011funun Merkezinde Failin \u0130radesi Vard\u0131r<\/p>\n
Failin zihinsel durumu, ceza hukukunda yaln\u0131zca su\u00e7un olu\u015fumunu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda cezan\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, s\u00fcresini ve i\u00e7tima h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirler. Kast, olas\u0131 kast, taksir ve bilin\u00e7li taksir kavramlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca teorik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar de\u011fil; her biri, ceza adaletinin nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fini belirleyen kritik e\u015fiklerdir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131 prati\u011finde bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n belirsizle\u015fti\u011fi durumlarda, failin iradesine ili\u015fkin somut de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, i\u00e7tima h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, ceza hukukunun adalet amac\u0131 ancak failin zihinsel durumu do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde analiz edilirse ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir.<\/p>\n
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. \u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Veli \u00d6zer \u00d6zbek ve di\u011ferleri, Mehaz ve Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Nur Centel \u2013 Prof. Dr. Hamide Zafer, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Daireleri Kararlar\u0131, 2020\u20132024.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun (Resm\u00ee Gazete: 12.10.2004, No: 25611).\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ceza hukukunun temel ilkelerinden biri, cezai sorumlulu\u011fun \u015fahsili\u011fi ve failin iradi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, failin zihinsel durumu yani kast, taksir gibi s\u00fcbjektif unsurlar, su\u00e7u tan\u0131mlamak ve cezay\u0131 belirlemek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede kast, olas\u0131 kast, taksir ve bilin\u00e7li taksir kavramlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu (TCK) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nacak, bu unsurlar\u0131n su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u00e7tima\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7tima kurumu \u00fczerindeki etkisi de\u011ferlendirilecektir. 1. Kast (TCK m.21\/1) TCK m.21\/1\u2019e g\u00f6re kast, \u201csu\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki unsurlar\u0131n bilerek ve istenerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi\u201ddir. Bu tan\u0131m, kast\u0131n hem bilgi (fiilin anlam\u0131, sonucu ve etkileri) hem de irade (sonucu isteme) boyutuna sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Do\u011frudan kastta fail, sonucun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ki\u015fiye ate\u015f eden failin \u00f6ld\u00fcrme amac\u0131 varsa, do\u011frudan kastla hareket etti\u011fi kabul edilir. Bu irade d\u00fczeyi, ceza hukukunda en y\u00fcksek sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011furur. 2. Olas\u0131 Kast (TCK m.21\/2) TCK m.21\/2 olas\u0131 kast\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlar: \u201cKi\u015finin, su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki unsurlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen, fiili i\u015flemesi h\u00e2linde olas\u0131 kast vard\u0131r.\u201d Burada failin amac\u0131 sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek de\u011fildir; ancak bu ihtimali \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen hareketine devam eder. Failin sonucu \u201ckabullendi\u011fi\u201d varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Ceza sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011frudan kasta g\u00f6re daha azd\u0131r, ancak taksirden fazlad\u0131r. 3. Taksir (TCK m.22\/1) Taksir, failin su\u00e7un sonucunu \u00f6ng\u00f6rememesi ama \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelen su\u00e7 tiplerinde …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n