HMK\u2019n\u0131n 324. maddesinde; \u201cTaraflardan her biri ikamesini talep etti\u011fi delil i\u00e7in mahkemece belirlenen avans\u0131, verilen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Taraflar birlikte ayn\u0131 delilin ikamesini talep etmi\u015flerse, gereken gideri yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya avans olarak \u00f6derler. Taraflardan birisi avans y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmezse, di\u011fer taraf bu avans\u0131 yat\u0131rabilir. Aksi h\u00e2lde talep olunan delilin ikamesinden vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e tasarruf edemeyece\u011fi dava ve i\u015fler hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
HMK\u2019nun 114\/g maddesinde gider avans\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HMK\u2019n\u0131n \u201cHar\u00e7 ve Avans \u00d6denmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 120. maddesinde;<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) Davac\u0131, yarg\u0131lama har\u00e7lar\u0131 ile her y\u0131l Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak gider avans\u0131 tarifesinde belirlenecek olan tutar\u0131, dava a\u00e7arken mahkeme veznesine yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(2) Avans\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, mahkemece, bu eksikli\u011fin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya iki haftal\u0131k kesin s\u00fcre verilir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yani bu d\u00fczenlemeler ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderleri kar\u015f\u0131layacak tutar\u0131n, avans olarak davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dava a\u00e7arken yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cdelil ikamesi i\u00e7in avans\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 324. maddesinde ise; Taraflardan her biri ikamesini talep etti\u011fi delil i\u00e7in mahkemece belirlenen avans\u0131, verilen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Taraflar birlikte ayn\u0131 delilin ikamesini talep etmi\u015flerse, gereken gideri yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya avans olarak \u00f6derler.<\/p>\n
(2) Taraflardan birisi avans y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmezse, di\u011fer taraf bu avans\u0131 yat\u0131rabilir. Aksi h\u00e2lde talep olunan delilin ikamesinden vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(3) Taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e tasarruf edemeyece\u011fi dava ve i\u015fler hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmet Gerek\u00e7esinde de: \u201cHar\u00e7 ve avans \u00f6denmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 125 (asl\u0131nda 120. madde) inci maddede davac\u0131n\u0131n dava masraflar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak avans \u00f6demesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu avans, davac\u0131n\u0131n delillerinin toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken harcamalar\u0131 da kapsar.<\/p>\n
Bu maddede (yani HMK 324) ise daha \u00e7ok daval\u0131n\u0131n delillerinin toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6denmesi gereken avans d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan davac\u0131n\u0131n avans\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u201cdava \u015fartlar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 119 uncu maddede h\u00fck\u00fcm getirilmi\u015ftir. Davac\u0131n\u0131n avans\u0131 yat\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u015eu h\u00e2lde davac\u0131 avans\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131laman\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yetersiz kalmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, uygulanacak h\u00fck\u00fcm, bu maddeden ziyade 120’inci madde h\u00fckm\u00fcd\u00fcr\u2026\u201d ifadelerine yer verilmek suretiyle, gider avans\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n dava masraflar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, delil avans\u0131n\u0131n ise daha \u00e7ok daval\u0131n\u0131n delillerinin toplanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla getirildi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan yine HMK 120 maddesine ili\u015fkin H\u00fck\u00fcmet Gerek\u00e7esinde gider avans\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u201cher t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderlerin \u201coldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
03.04.2012 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 45. maddesinde: \u201c(1) Davac\u0131, yarg\u0131lama har\u00e7lar\u0131 ile her y\u0131l Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak gider avans\u0131 tarifesinde belirlenecek olan tutar\u0131 dava a\u00e7arken mahkeme veznesine yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Gider avans\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat ve posta \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderler i\u00e7in davac\u0131dan al\u0131nan mebla\u011f\u0131 ifade eder.\u201d denilirken,<\/p>\n
45.maddenin (4) bendinde:\u201d Taraflardan her biri ikamesini talep etti\u011fi delil i\u00e7in mahkemece belirlenen avans\u0131, verilen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Delil avans\u0131, taraflar\u0131n dayand\u0131klar\u0131 delillerin giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere mahkemece belirlenen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6demeleri gereken mebla\u011f\u0131 ifade eder. Taraflar birlikte ayn\u0131 delilin ikamesini talep etmi\u015flerse, gereken gideri yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya avans olarak \u00f6derler. Taraflardan biri avans y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmedi\u011finde, di\u011fer taraf bu avans\u0131 da yat\u0131rabilir. Delil avans\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rmayan taraf, o delilin ikamesinden vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde tasarruf edemeyecekleri dava ve i\u015flerle, kanunlardaki \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 45. maddesinde gider avans\u0131 ve delil avans\u0131 birlikte d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, gider avans\u0131n\u0131n, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat ve posta \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderler i\u00e7in davac\u0131dan al\u0131nan mebla\u011f\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi, davac\u0131n\u0131n, her y\u0131l Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak gider avans\u0131 tarifesinde belirlenecek olan tutar\u0131 dava a\u00e7arken mahkeme veznesine yat\u0131rmak zorunda oldu\u011fu, delil avans\u0131n\u0131n ise taraflar\u0131n dayand\u0131klar\u0131 delillerin giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere mahkemece belirlenen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6demeleri gereken mebla\u011f\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 05.04.2017 tarihli, 2017\/12-1141 Esas, 2017\/641 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda ise hakl\u0131 olarak;<\/p>\n
\u201c…y\u00f6netmelikte gider avans\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde delil avans\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli giderler de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Gider avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde a\u00e7\u0131lan dava, dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddedilir; delil avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde ise, o delilden vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 45. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 4 ve 5 f\u0131kralar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uyum bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, HMK.\u2019nun 324. maddesi g\u00f6zetilerek Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 45. maddesinin 4. ve 5. f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle uygulanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 120. maddesindeki gider avans\u0131 ile ilgili d\u00fczenleme ve 324. maddedeki delil ikamesi i\u00e7in avans kural\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek dava \u015fart\u0131 olan gider avans\u0131n\u0131n delillerin ikamesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131lama giderleri i\u00e7in dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131, tan\u0131k dinlenmesi, bilirki\u015fi raporu al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ke\u015fif gideri gibi delil ikamesine y\u00f6nelik giderlerin ise gider avans\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmemesi gerekir.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi 2020\/5732 E. , 2021\/897 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda<\/p>\n
\u201cDelil avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde o delile dayanmaktan vazge\u00e7ildi\u011fi kabul edilir. Davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar verilemez\u201d yorumunu hakl\u0131 olarak yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karar \u015f\u00f6yle devam etmektedir:<\/p>\n
\u201cAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her y\u0131l \u201cGider Avans\u0131 Tarifesi\u201d haz\u0131rlanarak yay\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Yasal d\u00fczenlemede de belirtildi\u011fi gibi gider avans\u0131n\u0131n sorumlusu davac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gider avans\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak \u201cDelil avans\u0131\u201d ise delillerin ibraz\u0131, ilgili yerlerden getirtilmesi, tan\u0131klar\u0131n (ve gerekirse bilirki\u015filerin ya da uzmanlar\u0131n) dinlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan masraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131lan parad\u0131r (Atalay, Pekcan\u0131tez Usul, s.2400). Delil avans\u0131, o delille iddias\u0131n\u0131 ispatlayacak taraf\u00e7a yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak ilgilisinin bu gereklili\u011fi yerine getirmemesi h\u00e2linde, di\u011fer taraf da delil avans\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
Gider avans\u0131 ile delil avans\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fark, gider avans\u0131n\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen delil avans\u0131n\u0131n dava \u015fartlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r (HMK m.114\/l-g). Bu bak\u0131mdan gider avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 ya da yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde tamamlanmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde davan\u0131n, dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddi gerekirken (HMK m. l15), delil avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde o delile dayanmaktan vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f kabul edilerek (HMKm. 324\/2), yarg\u0131lamaya devam edilir ve o delille ispatlanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen vak\u0131a ispatlanamam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir durumda h\u00e2kim, mevcut delil durumuna g\u00f6re karar verir (\u00d6zbek, M.S.: Hukuk Yarg\u0131lama Us\u00fbl\u00fcnde Gider Avans\u0131, Ankara 2016, s.131).<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da ki a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re davac\u0131 taraftan bilirki\u015fi ve ke\u015fif deliline y\u00f6nelik delil avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmesi, buna ili\u015fkin ihtar\u0131n usule uygun \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131, verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde delil avans\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde davac\u0131 taraf\u00e7a dayan\u0131lmayan bilirki\u015fi ve ke\u015fif delilinden vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131larak mevcut dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine ve di\u011fer delillere g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekirken davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar verilmesi do\u011fru olmay\u0131p bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Daireler genel olarak bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc desteklemekte ve uygulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Somut bir olayda mahkeme ara karar\u0131nda :<\/p>\n
\u201cDavac\u0131 taraf\u00e7a dinlenmesi istenen di\u011fer daval\u0131 tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n D\u0130NLENEB\u0130LMELER\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N, gereken HER B\u0130R\u0130 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirlenen 175 TL davetiye \u00fccreti 200 TL tan\u0131kl\u0131k olarak belirlenen DEL\u0130L AVANSINI mahkeme veznesine DEPO ETMELER\u0130 AMACIYLA davac\u0131 vekiline 2 HAFTA KES\u0130N S\u00dcRE VER\u0130LMES\u0130NE, aksi taktirde daval\u0131 taraf\u00e7a dinlenmesinden vazge\u00e7ilen tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebinden FERAGAT ETM\u0130\u015e SAYILACA\u011eININ kendisine ihtar edilmesine, (ihtarat yap\u0131ld\u0131) \u201dili\u015fkin karar verilmi\u015ftir.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r ve karar\u0131n devam\u0131nda ilk duru\u015fmada iki, sonraki duru\u015fmada \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinlenmesi hususu yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131 taraf yukar\u0131daki ara karar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmemi\u015ftir. Dosyada gider avans\u0131 olarak iki tan\u0131k i\u00e7in yetecek gider bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in mahkeme bu iki tan\u0131\u011fa gider avans\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ara karar\u0131na g\u00f6re be\u015f tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n gideri kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan di\u011fer taraf davac\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131klardan feragat etmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu duruma nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flamak gerekir?<\/p>\n
Bana g\u00f6re ilk duru\u015fma i\u00e7in gider avans\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve bu avans iki tan\u0131k giderini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan iki tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinlenmesi kabul edilmesi gerekli bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilinir.<\/p>\n
Ancak geriye kalan \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131k i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle mahkemenin uyar\u0131l\u0131 ara karar\u0131 yerine getirilmedi\u011finden davac\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131ktan feragat etmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
Kesin \u00f6nelin esas amac\u0131, davan\u0131n gereksiz yere uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, adaletin bir an \u00f6nce tecellisini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Davac\u0131, kesin \u00f6nel i\u00e7erisinde tan\u0131k giderlerini delil avans\u0131 olarak yat\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, bu \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131r bulundursa dinlenmeleri gerekir diye de\u011ferlendirmek de bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle mahkemece \u00f6teki deliller de tam olarak toplanmam\u0131\u015f ise bu durumda yeni bir oturum tayinine sebebiyet verilmedi\u011finden davan\u0131n uzamas\u0131 veya uzat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n
\u200bHMK\u2019n\u0131n 324. maddesinde; \u201cTaraflardan her biri ikamesini talep etti\u011fi delil i\u00e7in mahkemece belirlenen avans\u0131, verilen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Taraflar birlikte ayn\u0131 delilin ikamesini talep etmi\u015flerse, gereken gideri yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya avans olarak \u00f6derler. Taraflardan birisi avans y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmezse, di\u011fer taraf bu avans\u0131 yat\u0131rabilir. Aksi h\u00e2lde talep olunan delilin ikamesinden vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e tasarruf edemeyece\u011fi dava ve i\u015fler hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
HMK\u2019nun 114\/g maddesinde gider avans\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HMK\u2019n\u0131n \u201cHar\u00e7 ve Avans \u00d6denmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 120. maddesinde;<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) Davac\u0131, yarg\u0131lama har\u00e7lar\u0131 ile her y\u0131l Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak gider avans\u0131 tarifesinde belirlenecek olan tutar\u0131, dava a\u00e7arken mahkeme veznesine yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(2) Avans\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, mahkemece, bu eksikli\u011fin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya iki haftal\u0131k kesin s\u00fcre verilir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yani bu d\u00fczenlemeler ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderleri kar\u015f\u0131layacak tutar\u0131n, avans olarak davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dava a\u00e7arken yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cdelil ikamesi i\u00e7in avans\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 324. maddesinde ise; Taraflardan her biri ikamesini talep etti\u011fi delil i\u00e7in mahkemece belirlenen avans\u0131, verilen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Taraflar birlikte ayn\u0131 delilin ikamesini talep etmi\u015flerse, gereken gideri yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya avans olarak \u00f6derler.<\/p>\n
(2) Taraflardan birisi avans y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmezse, di\u011fer taraf bu avans\u0131 yat\u0131rabilir. Aksi h\u00e2lde talep olunan delilin ikamesinden vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(3) Taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e tasarruf edemeyece\u011fi dava ve i\u015fler hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmet Gerek\u00e7esinde de: \u201cHar\u00e7 ve avans \u00f6denmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 125 (asl\u0131nda 120. madde) inci maddede davac\u0131n\u0131n dava masraflar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak avans \u00f6demesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu avans, davac\u0131n\u0131n delillerinin toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken harcamalar\u0131 da kapsar.<\/p>\n
Bu maddede (yani HMK 324) ise daha \u00e7ok daval\u0131n\u0131n delillerinin toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6denmesi gereken avans d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan davac\u0131n\u0131n avans\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u201cdava \u015fartlar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 119 uncu maddede h\u00fck\u00fcm getirilmi\u015ftir. Davac\u0131n\u0131n avans\u0131 yat\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u015eu h\u00e2lde davac\u0131 avans\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131laman\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yetersiz kalmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, uygulanacak h\u00fck\u00fcm, bu maddeden ziyade 120’inci madde h\u00fckm\u00fcd\u00fcr\u2026\u201d ifadelerine yer verilmek suretiyle, gider avans\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n dava masraflar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, delil avans\u0131n\u0131n ise daha \u00e7ok daval\u0131n\u0131n delillerinin toplanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla getirildi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan yine HMK 120 maddesine ili\u015fkin H\u00fck\u00fcmet Gerek\u00e7esinde gider avans\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u201cher t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderlerin \u201coldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
03.04.2012 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 45. maddesinde: \u201c(1) Davac\u0131, yarg\u0131lama har\u00e7lar\u0131 ile her y\u0131l Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak gider avans\u0131 tarifesinde belirlenecek olan tutar\u0131 dava a\u00e7arken mahkeme veznesine yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Gider avans\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat ve posta \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderler i\u00e7in davac\u0131dan al\u0131nan mebla\u011f\u0131 ifade eder.\u201d denilirken,<\/p>\n
45.maddenin (4) bendinde:\u201d Taraflardan her biri ikamesini talep etti\u011fi delil i\u00e7in mahkemece belirlenen avans\u0131, verilen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Delil avans\u0131, taraflar\u0131n dayand\u0131klar\u0131 delillerin giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere mahkemece belirlenen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6demeleri gereken mebla\u011f\u0131 ifade eder. Taraflar birlikte ayn\u0131 delilin ikamesini talep etmi\u015flerse, gereken gideri yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya avans olarak \u00f6derler. Taraflardan biri avans y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmedi\u011finde, di\u011fer taraf bu avans\u0131 da yat\u0131rabilir. Delil avans\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rmayan taraf, o delilin ikamesinden vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde tasarruf edemeyecekleri dava ve i\u015flerle, kanunlardaki \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 45. maddesinde gider avans\u0131 ve delil avans\u0131 birlikte d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, gider avans\u0131n\u0131n, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat ve posta \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderler i\u00e7in davac\u0131dan al\u0131nan mebla\u011f\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi, davac\u0131n\u0131n, her y\u0131l Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak gider avans\u0131 tarifesinde belirlenecek olan tutar\u0131 dava a\u00e7arken mahkeme veznesine yat\u0131rmak zorunda oldu\u011fu, delil avans\u0131n\u0131n ise taraflar\u0131n dayand\u0131klar\u0131 delillerin giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere mahkemece belirlenen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6demeleri gereken mebla\u011f\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 05.04.2017 tarihli, 2017\/12-1141 Esas, 2017\/641 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda ise hakl\u0131 olarak;<\/p>\n
\u201c…y\u00f6netmelikte gider avans\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde delil avans\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli giderler de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Gider avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde a\u00e7\u0131lan dava, dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddedilir; delil avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde ise, o delilden vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 45. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 4 ve 5 f\u0131kralar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uyum bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, HMK.\u2019nun 324. maddesi g\u00f6zetilerek Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 45. maddesinin 4. ve 5. f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle uygulanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 120. maddesindeki gider avans\u0131 ile ilgili d\u00fczenleme ve 324. maddedeki delil ikamesi i\u00e7in avans kural\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek dava \u015fart\u0131 olan gider avans\u0131n\u0131n delillerin ikamesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131lama giderleri i\u00e7in dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131, tan\u0131k dinlenmesi, bilirki\u015fi raporu al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ke\u015fif gideri gibi delil ikamesine y\u00f6nelik giderlerin ise gider avans\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmemesi gerekir.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi 2020\/5732 E. , 2021\/897 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda<\/p>\n
\u201cDelil avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde o delile dayanmaktan vazge\u00e7ildi\u011fi kabul edilir. Davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar verilemez\u201d yorumunu hakl\u0131 olarak yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karar \u015f\u00f6yle devam etmektedir:<\/p>\n
\u201cAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her y\u0131l \u201cGider Avans\u0131 Tarifesi\u201d haz\u0131rlanarak yay\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Yasal d\u00fczenlemede de belirtildi\u011fi gibi gider avans\u0131n\u0131n sorumlusu davac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gider avans\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak \u201cDelil avans\u0131\u201d ise delillerin ibraz\u0131, ilgili yerlerden getirtilmesi, tan\u0131klar\u0131n (ve gerekirse bilirki\u015filerin ya da uzmanlar\u0131n) dinlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan masraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131lan parad\u0131r (Atalay, Pekcan\u0131tez Usul, s.2400). Delil avans\u0131, o delille iddias\u0131n\u0131 ispatlayacak taraf\u00e7a yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak ilgilisinin bu gereklili\u011fi yerine getirmemesi h\u00e2linde, di\u011fer taraf da delil avans\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
Gider avans\u0131 ile delil avans\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fark, gider avans\u0131n\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen delil avans\u0131n\u0131n dava \u015fartlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r (HMK m.114\/l-g). Bu bak\u0131mdan gider avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 ya da yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde tamamlanmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde davan\u0131n, dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddi gerekirken (HMK m. l15), delil avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde o delile dayanmaktan vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f kabul edilerek (HMKm. 324\/2), yarg\u0131lamaya devam edilir ve o delille ispatlanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen vak\u0131a ispatlanamam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir durumda h\u00e2kim, mevcut delil durumuna g\u00f6re karar verir (\u00d6zbek, M.S.: Hukuk Yarg\u0131lama Us\u00fbl\u00fcnde Gider Avans\u0131, Ankara 2016, s.131).<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da ki a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re davac\u0131 taraftan bilirki\u015fi ve ke\u015fif deliline y\u00f6nelik delil avans\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmesi, buna ili\u015fkin ihtar\u0131n usule uygun \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131, verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde delil avans\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde davac\u0131 taraf\u00e7a dayan\u0131lmayan bilirki\u015fi ve ke\u015fif delilinden vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131larak mevcut dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine ve di\u011fer delillere g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekirken davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar verilmesi do\u011fru olmay\u0131p bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Daireler genel olarak bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc desteklemekte ve uygulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Somut bir olayda mahkeme ara karar\u0131nda :<\/p>\n
\u201cDavac\u0131 taraf\u00e7a dinlenmesi istenen di\u011fer daval\u0131 tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n D\u0130NLENEB\u0130LMELER\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N, gereken HER B\u0130R\u0130 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirlenen 175 TL davetiye \u00fccreti 200 TL tan\u0131kl\u0131k olarak belirlenen DEL\u0130L AVANSINI mahkeme veznesine DEPO ETMELER\u0130 AMACIYLA davac\u0131 vekiline 2 HAFTA KES\u0130N S\u00dcRE VER\u0130LMES\u0130NE, aksi taktirde daval\u0131 taraf\u00e7a dinlenmesinden vazge\u00e7ilen tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebinden FERAGAT ETM\u0130\u015e SAYILACA\u011eININ kendisine ihtar edilmesine, (ihtarat yap\u0131ld\u0131) \u201dili\u015fkin karar verilmi\u015ftir.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r ve karar\u0131n devam\u0131nda ilk duru\u015fmada iki, sonraki duru\u015fmada \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinlenmesi hususu yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131 taraf yukar\u0131daki ara karar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmemi\u015ftir. Dosyada gider avans\u0131 olarak iki tan\u0131k i\u00e7in yetecek gider bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in mahkeme bu iki tan\u0131\u011fa gider avans\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ara karar\u0131na g\u00f6re be\u015f tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n gideri kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan di\u011fer taraf davac\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131klardan feragat etmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu duruma nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flamak gerekir?<\/p>\n
Bana g\u00f6re ilk duru\u015fma i\u00e7in gider avans\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve bu avans iki tan\u0131k giderini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan iki tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinlenmesi kabul edilmesi gerekli bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilinir.<\/p>\n
Ancak geriye kalan \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131k i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle mahkemenin uyar\u0131l\u0131 ara karar\u0131 yerine getirilmedi\u011finden davac\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131ktan feragat etmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
Kesin \u00f6nelin esas amac\u0131, davan\u0131n gereksiz yere uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, adaletin bir an \u00f6nce tecellisini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Davac\u0131, kesin \u00f6nel i\u00e7erisinde tan\u0131k giderlerini delil avans\u0131 olarak yat\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, bu \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131r bulundursa dinlenmeleri gerekir diye de\u011ferlendirmek de bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle mahkemece \u00f6teki deliller de tam olarak toplanmam\u0131\u015f ise bu durumda yeni bir oturum tayinine sebebiyet verilmedi\u011finden davan\u0131n uzamas\u0131 veya uzat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilemez.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
HMK\u2019n\u0131n 324. maddesinde; \u201cTaraflardan her biri ikamesini talep etti\u011fi delil i\u00e7in mahkemece belirlenen avans\u0131, verilen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Taraflar birlikte ayn\u0131 delilin ikamesini talep etmi\u015flerse, gereken gideri yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya avans olarak \u00f6derler. Taraflardan birisi avans y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmezse, di\u011fer taraf bu avans\u0131 yat\u0131rabilir. Aksi h\u00e2lde talep olunan delilin ikamesinden vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e tasarruf edemeyece\u011fi dava ve i\u015fler hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r. HMK\u2019nun 114\/g maddesinde gider avans\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. HMK\u2019n\u0131n \u201cHar\u00e7 ve Avans \u00d6denmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 120. maddesinde; \u201c(1) Davac\u0131, yarg\u0131lama har\u00e7lar\u0131 ile her y\u0131l Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak gider avans\u0131 tarifesinde belirlenecek olan tutar\u0131, dava a\u00e7arken mahkeme veznesine yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. (2) Avans\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, mahkemece, bu eksikli\u011fin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya iki haftal\u0131k kesin s\u00fcre verilir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir. Yani bu d\u00fczenlemeler ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tebligat \u00fccretleri, ke\u015fif giderleri, bilirki\u015fi ve tan\u0131k \u00fccretleri gibi giderleri kar\u015f\u0131layacak tutar\u0131n, avans olarak davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dava a\u00e7arken yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cdelil ikamesi i\u00e7in avans\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 324. maddesinde ise; Taraflardan her biri ikamesini talep etti\u011fi delil i\u00e7in mahkemece belirlenen avans\u0131, verilen kesin s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yat\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Taraflar birlikte ayn\u0131 delilin ikamesini talep etmi\u015flerse, gereken gideri yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya avans olarak \u00f6derler. (2) …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n