ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/176<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/42<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 11\/2\/2025<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 6\/5\/2025-32892<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 1. Fikri ve S\u0131nai Haklar Hukuk Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 22\/12\/2016 tarihli ve 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Kanunu\u2019nun 151. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026elde etti\u011fi net kazan\u00e7.\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn tespiti, durdurulmas\u0131, \u00f6nlenmesi ile maddi ve manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 151. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: <\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cYoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7<\/p>\n
MADDE 151- (1) Hak sahibinin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar, fiili kayb\u0131 ve yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131 kapsar.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Yoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7, zarar g\u00f6ren hak sahibinin se\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki de\u011ferlendirme usullerinden biri ile hesaplan\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a) S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin rekabeti olmasayd\u0131, hak sahibinin elde edebilece\u011fi muhtemel gelir.<\/p>\n
b) S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazan\u00e7.<\/p>\n
c) S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin bu hakk\u0131 bir lisans s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile hukuka uygun \u015fekilde kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6demesi gereken lisans bedeli.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) Yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik \u00f6nemi veya tecav\u00fcz s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin lisanslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcresi ve \u00e7e\u015fidi, ihlalin nitelik ve boyutu gibi etkenler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(4) Yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda, ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) veya (b) bentlerinde belirtilen de\u011ferlendirme usullerinden birinin se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, mahkeme \u00fcr\u00fcne ili\u015fkin talebin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici etken oldu\u011fu kanaatine var\u0131rsa, kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda hakkaniyete uygun bir pay\u0131n daha eklenmesine karar verir.<\/p>\n
(5) Mahkeme, patent haklar\u0131na tecav\u00fcz h\u00e2linde, patent sahibinin bu Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen patenti kullanma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu kanaatine var\u0131rsa yoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7, ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (c) bendine g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(6) Co\u011frafi i\u015farete veya geleneksel \u00fcr\u00fcn ad\u0131na tecav\u00fcz h\u00e2linde bu madde h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulanmaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 17\/10\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Muhammed Nuri \u00d6ZG\u00dcR taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
3. T\u00fcrk hukukunda 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un kabul\u00fc \u00f6ncesinde s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 m\u00fclga 24\/6\/1995 tarihli ve 551 say\u0131l\u0131 Patent Haklar\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclga 24\/6\/1995 tarihli ve 554 say\u0131l\u0131 End\u00fcstriyel Tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n, m\u00fclga 24\/6\/1995 tarihli ve 555 say\u0131l\u0131 Co\u011frafi \u0130\u015faretlerin ve m\u00fclga 24\/6\/1995 tarihli ve 556 say\u0131l\u0131 Markalar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnameler (KHK) ile korunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
4. M\u00fclga 556 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019n\u0131n 62. maddesinde marka hakk\u0131 tecav\u00fcze u\u011frayan marka sahibinin mahkemeden bulunabilece\u011fi talepler, 64. maddesinde tazminat ve 66. maddesinde yoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7 \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. An\u0131lan KHK\u2019n\u0131n 64. maddesinde marka sahibinin izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, marka taklit edilerek \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcreten, satan, da\u011f\u0131tan veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde ticaret alan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karan veya bu ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ithal eden veya ticari ama\u00e7la elde bulunduran ki\u015finin, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gidermek ve sebep oldu\u011fu zarar\u0131 tazmin etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. KHK\u2019n\u0131n 66. maddesinde de marka sahibinin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n sadece fiil\u00ee kayb\u0131n de\u011ferini de\u011fil, ayr\u0131ca marka hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131 da kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu maddede yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesap edilmesinde kullan\u0131lacak de\u011ferlendirme usulleri belirtilmi\u015f, marka hakk\u0131 sahibine bu usullerden birini se\u00e7me imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re marka hakk\u0131 sahibi, marka hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin rekabeti olmasayd\u0131 markay\u0131 kullanmas\u0131yla elde edebilece\u011fi muhtemel gelire g\u00f6re, marka hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin markay\u0131 kullanmak yoluyla elde etti\u011fi kazanca g\u00f6re, marka hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin markay\u0131 bir lisans anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile hukuka uygun \u015fekilde kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6demesi gereken lisans bedeline g\u00f6re yoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7 miktar\u0131n\u0131 talep edilebilecektir.<\/p>\n
7. 551, 554, 555 ve 556 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019lar ile korunmakta olan s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile tek bir kanun alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirilerek s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda yeni bir sisteme ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 191. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince 551, 554, 555 ve 556 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019lar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde Kanun\u2019un amac\u0131n\u0131n marka, co\u011frafi i\u015faret, tasar\u0131m, patent, faydal\u0131 model ile geleneksel \u00fcr\u00fcn adlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 korumak ve bu suretle teknolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal ilerlemenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015f, 2. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (\u0131) bendinde de s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n; marka, co\u011frafi i\u015faret, tasar\u0131m, patent ve faydal\u0131 modeli kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. 149. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 tecav\u00fcze u\u011frayan hak sahibinin ileri s\u00fcrebilece\u011fi talepler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re hak sahibi; s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn tespitini, \u00f6nlenmesini, durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131, kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile maddi ve manevi zarar\u0131n tazmin edilmesini, tecav\u00fcz olu\u015fturan veya cezay\u0131 gerektiren \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile bunlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kullan\u0131lan cihaz, makine gibi ara\u00e7lara, tecav\u00fcze konu \u00fcr\u00fcnler d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimini engellemeyecek \u015fekilde el konulmas\u0131n\u0131, el konulan bu \u00fcr\u00fcn, cihaz ve makineler \u00fczerinde kendisine m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn devam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek \u00fczere tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, el konulan \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile cihaz ve makine gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u015fekillerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini, \u00fczerlerindeki markalar\u0131n silinmesini veya s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ise imhas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir. Ayr\u0131ca hak sahibi hakl\u0131 bir sebebin veya menfaatinin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, masraflar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa ait olmak \u00fczere kesinle\u015fmi\u015f karar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazete veya benzeri vas\u0131talarla tamamen veya \u00f6zet olarak ilan edilmesi veya ilgililere tebli\u011f edilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>\n
10. 150. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz say\u0131lan fiilleri i\u015fleyen ki\u015filerin hak sahibinin zarar\u0131n\u0131 tazmin etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu ifade edildikten sonra 151. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda hak sahibinin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n, fiil\u00ee kayb\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131 da kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. 151. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise zarar g\u00f6ren hak sahibinin se\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda uygulanabilecek de\u011ferlendirme usullerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n; (a) bendinde s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin rekabeti olmasayd\u0131, hak sahibinin elde edebilece\u011fi muhtemel gelir, (b) bendinde s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazan\u00e7, (c) bendinde s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin bu hakk\u0131 bir lisans s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile hukuka uygun \u015fekilde kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6demesi gereken lisans bedeli yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilecek de\u011ferlendirme usulleri olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. F\u0131kran\u0131n (b) bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026elde etti\u011fi net kazan\u00e7.\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Kurala g\u00f6re s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz nedeniyle zarara u\u011frayan hak sahibi, zarar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazanc\u0131n esas al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilecektir.<\/p>\n
13. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik \u00f6nemi veya tecav\u00fcz s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin lisanslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcresi ve \u00e7e\u015fidi, ihlalin nitelik ve boyutu gibi etkenlerin g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nabilecek hususlar s\u0131n\u0131rlama yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6rnekleme yoluyla say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda mahkemenin f\u0131krada say\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fkaca nedenleri de dikkate alarak yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131 hesaplamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
14. Maddenin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) ve (b) bentlerinde belirtilen de\u011ferlendirme usullerinden birinin se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde mahkemenin, \u00fcr\u00fcne ili\u015fkin talebin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici etken oldu\u011fu kanaatine varmas\u0131 durumunda kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda hakkaniyete uygun bir pay\u0131n daha eklenmesine karar verebilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
15. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fczde hakka tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazanc\u0131n yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda esas al\u0131nabilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun ki\u015finin d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uygun ticari faaliyetleri sonucunda elde etti\u011fi kazanc\u0131n\u0131n da tazminata d\u00e2hil edilmesi sonucunu do\u011furdu\u011fu, eylemin farkl\u0131 ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi h\u00e2linde elde edilen kazanc\u0131n hangi hak sahibine \u00f6denece\u011finin belirsiz oldu\u011fu, tazminat\u0131n zarar g\u00f6renin sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmesine neden olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, bu durumun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
16. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\/ Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmek suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde bir temel hak olarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131; ki\u015fiye -ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n koydu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla- sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma ve tasarruf etme, onun semerelerinden yararlanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r (AYM, E.2022\/128, K.2023\/136, 26\/7\/2023, \u00a7 18; Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 32).<\/p>\n
19. Anayasal anlamda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve de\u011feri parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/106, K.2019\/80, 16\/10\/2019, \u00a7 14). Bu ba\u011flamda m\u00fclk olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011finde ku\u015fku bulunmayan menkul ve gayrimenkul mallar ile bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde tesis edilen s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni haklar ve fikr\u00ee ve s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, icras\u0131 kabil olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc alacak da m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na d\u00e2hildir (baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte bkz. AYM, E.2017\/172, K.2018\/32, 28\/3\/2018, \u00a7 26; Mahmut Duran ve di\u011ferleri [2. B.], B. No: 2014\/11441, 1\/2\/2017, \u00a7 60).<\/p>\n
20. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz nedeniyle yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin hem hak sahibi hem de hakka tecav\u00fcz eden bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesi insan\u0131n maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamay\u0131 devletin temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devlet; ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan tam anlam\u0131yla yararlanabilmeleri ve etkili bir \u015fekilde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla yasal, idari, mali, yarg\u0131sal ve di\u011fer \u00f6nlemleri almak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde bir temel hak olarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n etkili bir \u015fekilde korunabilmesi yaln\u0131zca devletin bu hakka m\u00fcdahaleden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131yla sa\u011flanamaz. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. ve 35. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca devletin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde -\u00f6zel ki\u015filer aras\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar ile ilgili olsun ya da olmas\u0131n- alacaklar\u0131n tahsilinin d\u00fczenlenmesi ve ki\u015filerin alacaklar\u0131na kavu\u015fmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan etkili bir sistem kurma sorumlulu\u011fu bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda devletin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hak ve menfaatler dengesine dayanmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2024\/10, K.2024\/97, 4\/4\/2024, \u00a7 23; E.2021\/82, K.2022\/167, 29\/12\/2022, \u00a7 17; E.2019\/11, K.2019\/86, 14\/11\/2019, \u00a7 13; Eyy\u00fcp Boynukara [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/7842, 17\/2\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 39-40; Osmano\u011flu \u0130n\u015faat E\u011fitim G\u0131da Temizlik Hizmetleri Petrol \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Sanayi Ticaret Limited \u015eirketi [2. B.], B. No: 2014\/8649, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 44).<\/p>\n
23. S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyetin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesine g\u00f6re m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n etkili bi\u00e7imde korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 da Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesiyle devlete y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olan bireylerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerden gelebilecek m\u00fcdahaleleri \u00f6nleme \u015feklindeki pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gere\u011fidir (baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte bkz. AYM, E.2017\/172, K.2018\/32, 28\/3\/2018, \u00a7 26).<\/p>\n
24. 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u00e7e\u015fitli maddelerinde s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak birtak\u0131m g\u00fcvenceler getirilmi\u015f, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na tecav\u00fcz yasaklanm\u0131\u015f, tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn meydana gelmesi h\u00e2linde ise sona erdirilmesine ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesine y\u00f6nelik olarak baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler sevk edilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda Kanun\u2019un 150. maddesinde hak sahibinin s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz nedeniyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi zarar\u0131n tazmin edilmesini talep etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 ona tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, 151. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da hak sahibinin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n, fiil\u00ee kayb\u0131 ve yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanma usulleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f, f\u0131kran\u0131n itiraz konusu ibareyi de i\u00e7eren (b) bendinde s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazan\u00e7 da yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n de\u011ferlendirme usullerinden biri olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz nedeniyle zarara u\u011frayan hak sahibi, zarar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazanc\u0131n esas al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilecektir.<\/p>\n
25. Kanun koyucunun s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ihlal edilmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tedbirler alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmakla birlikte cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6rece\u011fi tedbirlerin tercihi konusunda belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde takdir yetkisini haiz bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. Bu ba\u011flamda kanun koyucunun alaca\u011f\u0131 tedbirlerin hak sahibinin fiil\u00ee zarar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Sadece fiil\u00ee zarar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir tedbir giderim sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeterli olabilirse de cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n temin edilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yetersiz kalabilece\u011fi ortadad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kanun koyucu, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz eden ki\u015fiyi hak sahibinin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiil\u00ee zarar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda birtak\u0131m mali k\u00fclfetlere katlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren d\u00fczenlemeler de yapabilir. Bununla beraber zarar verene y\u00fcklenen k\u00fclfetin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve katlan\u0131lamaz d\u00fczeyde olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
26. S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin ihlalin giderilmesi ve benzer ihlallerin ya\u015fanmas\u0131nda cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak getirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan ve hakk\u0131 ihlal eden taraf\u0131ndan hak sahibine \u00f6denmesi zorunlulu\u011fu getirilen yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131, hak sahibi ile hakka tecav\u00fcz edenin m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alan ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gibi durumlarda devletin, bu iki taraf\u0131n menfaatlerini dengeleyecek yollar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesi gerekmektedir. Menfaat dengesinin adil bir \u015fekilde kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde ise taraflar\u0131n fiillerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile onlara tan\u0131nan t\u00fcm imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 zorunludur (baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte AYM, E.2023\/77, K.2023\/190, 8\/11\/2023, \u00a7 26; E.2020\/11, K.2023\/98, 18\/5\/2023, \u00a7 106; E.2019\/59, K.2020\/61, 22\/10\/2020, \u00a7 24; Feridun \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan ve di\u011ferleri [1. B.], B. No: 2017\/32275, 16\/9\/2020, \u00a7 50; Faik Tari ve Sultan Tari [2. B.], B. No: 2014\/12321, 20\/7\/2017, \u00a7 52).<\/p>\n
27. 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 151. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenleme ile yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n belirlenmesinde g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulacak etkenler \u00f6rnekleme yoluyla say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve zarar\u0131 tespit edecek mahkemenin bu tespiti hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere g\u00f6re yapabilece\u011fi belirlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re yoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7 miktar\u0131n\u0131 tespit edecek olan mahkeme (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re bir belirleme yapt\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik \u00f6nemi veya tecav\u00fcz s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin lisanslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcresi ve \u00e7e\u015fidi, ihlalin nitelik ve boyutu, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyetin konusu marka ise markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lan markalar aras\u0131ndaki benzerlik gibi hususlar\u0131 da dikkate alarak s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin hakka tecav\u00fcz eylemi ile neden oldu\u011fu yoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7 miktar\u0131n\u0131 saptayacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mahkeme, hakka tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazanc\u0131 tespit ettikten sonra bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler ile tazminat hukukunun genel ilkelerini dikkate alarak yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131 belirleyecektir.<\/p>\n
28. Bu itibarla hak sahibine yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazanc\u0131n esas al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131yan kural\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131n menfaatlerinin dengelenmesine ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeler de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hakka tecav\u00fcz eden aleyhine -fiilinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde- a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfete yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taraflar aras\u0131ndaki menfaat dengesinin bozulmas\u0131na neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
29. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
22\/12\/2016 tarihli ve 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Kanunu\u2019nun 151. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026elde etti\u011fi net kazan\u00e7.\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE 11\/2\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
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Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 11\/2\/2025 tarihli, 2024\/176 esas – 2025\/42 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/176 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/42 Karar Tarihi : 11\/2\/2025 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 6\/5\/2025-32892 \u00a0 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 1. Fikri ve S\u0131nai Haklar Hukuk Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 22\/12\/2016 tarihli ve 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Kanunu\u2019nun 151. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026elde etti\u011fi net kazan\u00e7.\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn tespiti, durdurulmas\u0131, \u00f6nlenmesi ile maddi ve manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 151. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u00a0\u201cYoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7 MADDE 151- (1) Hak sahibinin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar, fiili kayb\u0131 ve yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131 kapsar. \u00a0(2) Yoksun kal\u0131nan kazan\u00e7, zarar g\u00f6ren hak sahibinin se\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki de\u011ferlendirme usullerinden biri ile hesaplan\u0131r: a) S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin rekabeti olmasayd\u0131, hak sahibinin elde edebilece\u011fi muhtemel gelir. b) S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin elde etti\u011fi net kazan\u00e7. c) S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edenin bu hakk\u0131 bir lisans s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile hukuka uygun \u015fekilde kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6demesi gereken lisans bedeli. \u00a0(3) Yoksun kal\u0131nan kazanc\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n