ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2021\/44<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/172<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 17\/10\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 30\/4\/2025-32886<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130PTAL DAVASINI A\u00c7AN: T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcyeleri Engin ALTAY, \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6ZEL, Engin \u00d6ZKO\u00c7 ile birlikte 129 milletvekili<\/p>\n
\u0130PTAL DAVASININ KONUSU: 18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. 8. maddesiyle 27\/7\/1967 tarihli ve 926 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…disiplin amirleri de\u011fildirler.\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…disiplin amiridir.\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
B. 20. maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, Emekli Astsubaylar, Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile Muharip Gaziler Dernekleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
C. 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
\u00c7. 24. maddesiyle 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Seferberlik ve Sava\u015f Hali Kanunu\u2019nun 7. maddesinin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
D. 31. maddesiyle 11\/4\/2002 tarihli ve 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Astsubay Meslek Y\u00fcksek Okullar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 20. maddesine eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
E. 42. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
1. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
a. (b) bendiyle 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 211 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri \u0130\u00e7 Hizmet Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
b. (c) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
2. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
a. (a) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
i. Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
ii. \u0130kinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
b. (b) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
c. (g) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ek 35. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
3. (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
a. (a) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmlenin,<\/p>\n
b. (b) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (4) numaral\u0131 bendinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de dikkate alarak…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de alarak…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
4. (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 13\/6\/2001 tarihli ve 4678 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinde \u0130stihdam Edilecek S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli Subay ve Astsubaylar Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…ilgisine g\u00f6re Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 10., 13., 17., 19., 20., 36., 70., 90., 123., 124., 128., 129. ve 153. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un iptali talep edilen kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n
1. 8. maddesiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ibare de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131lan ve birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na (f) bendinin eklendi\u011fi 46. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cIX- Hukuk hizmetleri ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 veya birimleri:<\/p>\n
Madde 46 – (M\u00fclga: 17\/7\/1972 – 1611\/2 md.; Yeniden d\u00fczenleme: 15\/8\/2017-KHK-694\/31 md.; Aynen kabul: 1\/2\/2018-7078\/31 md.)<\/p>\n
\u00a0(\u2026) Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hukuk hizmetleri, 26\/9\/2011 tarihli ve 659 say\u0131l\u0131 Genel B\u00fct\u00e7e Kapsam\u0131ndaki Kamu \u0130dareleri ve \u00d6zel B\u00fct\u00e7eli \u0130darelerde Hukuk Hizmetlerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, kurulacak hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na mensup subaylar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Asgari tugay (Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131nda e\u015fidi) komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nezdinde kurulacak hukuk hizmetleri ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 veya birimleri, ba\u015fta ceza, disiplin, idare, harek\u00e2t ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk olmak \u00fczere; nezdinde bulunduklar\u0131 k\u0131t\u2019a komutan\u0131 veya askeri kurum amirlerinin hukuk i\u015flerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapar.<\/p>\n
Hukuk hizmetleri ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 veya birimleri, nezdinde kurulduklar\u0131 komutanl\u0131k veya askeri kurum amirli\u011finde;<\/p>\n
a) Komutan veya askeri kurum amirinin askeri hizmetlere ili\u015fkin olarak gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hukuki konulardaki isteklerini cevapland\u0131rmak,<\/p>\n
b) L\u00fczum g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi halinde harek\u00e2t, tatbikat ve manevra gibi faaliyetlere i\u015ftirak etmek,<\/p>\n
c) \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyulan hukuki konularda ders ve konferanslar vermek,<\/p>\n
d) \u00dcst y\u00f6netici veya Hukuk Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan temsil yetkisi verilmesi halinde adli ve idari davalar ile icra takiplerini Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fctmek,<\/p>\n
e) \u00dclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n talebi halinde adli kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak i\u015fleri yerine getirmek,<\/p>\n
f) (Ek:18\/2\/2021-7281\/8 md.) \u00dcst y\u00f6netici veya Hukuk Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yetki verilmesi halinde avukat ya da hukuk m\u00fc\u015favirleri yerine 7\/6\/2012 tarihli ve 6325 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda Arabuluculuk Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda idareyi temsilen olu\u015fturulan komisyonda \u00fcyelik g\u00f6revini yerine getirmek,<\/p>\n
ile g\u00f6revlidir.<\/p>\n
Hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subay ihtiyac\u0131; kendi nam ve hesab\u0131na hukuk fak\u00fcltesini bitirenler ile muvazzaf veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli subay nasbedilenlerden hukuk fak\u00fcltesi mezunu \u00fcste\u011fmen ila binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesinde bulunanlar aras\u0131ndan Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca a\u00e7\u0131lacak s\u0131navla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. S\u0131navda ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6steren adaylardan d\u0131\u015f kaynaktan al\u0131nanlar Milli Savunma \u00dcniversitesinde verilecek temel askerlik e\u011fitiminde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmak \u015fart\u0131yla subayl\u0131\u011fa naspedilir, di\u011ferlerinin ise s\u0131n\u0131f de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar, Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca meslek \u00f6ncesi ve meslek i\u00e7i e\u011fitime al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bu e\u011fitimler, Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca talep edilmesi halinde T\u00fcrkiye Adalet Akademisi taraf\u0131ndan da ilgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re yerine getirilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye Adalet Akademisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek e\u011fitimlerin plan ve programlar\u0131, s\u00fcreleri ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye Adalet Akademisi taraf\u0131ndan birlikte belirlenir. Bu e\u011fitimlerden T\u00fcrkiye Adalet Akademisi taraf\u0131ndan hizmet \u00fccreti al\u0131nmaz. E\u011fitimde ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6sterenler Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca hukuk hizmetleri kadrolar\u0131na (s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli subaylar muvazzaf subay olarak) atan\u0131rlar. Ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6steremeyenlerden; muvazzaf veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli subay kayna\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nanlar eski s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na iade edilirler; sivil kaynaktan al\u0131nanlar ise istifa etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 ayl\u0131klar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Devlet\u00e7e bunlara yap\u0131lan masraflar, kanuni faizleri ile birlikte kendilerinden tahsil edilir.<\/p>\n
Nezdinde bulunduklar\u0131 komutan veya askeri kurum amiri 31\/1\/2013 tarihli ve 6413 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Disiplin Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar\u0131n disiplin amiridir.<\/p>\n
Hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na mensup subaylar\u0131n atanma ve yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hukuk hizmetleri ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131nda veya birimlerinde g\u00f6rev yapanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u015flemleri, Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar hakk\u0131nda bu maddede h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde subaylar hakk\u0131ndaki mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, temini, meslek \u00f6ncesi ve meslek i\u00e7i e\u011fitimleri, sicil \u00fcstleri, disiplin amirleri, atanmalar\u0131, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri, g\u00f6revlendirmeleri, izinleri, n\u00f6bet hizmetleri ile di\u011fer hususlar Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d<\/p>\n
2. 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c(De\u011fi\u015fik birinci f\u0131kra:18\/2\/2021-7281\/20 md.) Bu Kanuna g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fckleri ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilir. M\u00fclki amir \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceler. Bu Kanuna ve 4\/11\/2004 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanununa ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise dernek, Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilir ve kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
3. 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cBu maddenin yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihini m\u00fcteakip;<\/p>\n
a) Milli Savunma ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 ilk genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131ndan bir ay i\u00e7inde, yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin kurucu heyetlerinde g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015filerin tespitini ister. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dernekler, kurucu heyette g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015fileri belirlemez veya bildirilenler gerekli nitelikleri haiz olmaz yahut say\u0131s\u0131 yediden az olursa, yetkili Bakanlar kurucu heyetleri do\u011frudan olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
b) Bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulan kurucu heyetler, Dernekler Kanunu ve bu Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen esaslar\u0131 dikkate alarak yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131rlay\u0131p iki ay i\u00e7inde ilgili m\u00fclki amire vermek zorundad\u0131r. M\u00fclki amir \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceler ve 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem tesis eder\u201d.<\/p>\n
4. 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ibare de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131lan ve (2) numaral\u0131 bendi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan 7. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cMilli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131: <\/p>\n
Madde 7 \u2013 Bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde seferberlik ve sava\u015f hali i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin seferberlik ve sava\u015f hali haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili faaliyetlerini di\u011fer bakanl\u0131klarla koordine etmek,<\/p>\n
2. (M\u00fclga:18\/2\/2021-7281\/24 md.)<\/p>\n
3. Seferberlik ilan\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek durumlarda, bu halin ilan\u0131 i\u00e7in Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kuruluna g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmek,<\/p>\n
4. Seferberlik ve sava\u015f halinde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vermek ve teklifte bulunmak,<\/p>\n
5. Acil ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan yedek personelin, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n oluruyla s\u00fcresi yedi g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak,<\/p>\n
6. (Ek : 1\/3\/2000 – 4542\/2 md.) Seferberlik ve sava\u015f halinin hen\u00fcz ilan edilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu ancak sava\u015f\u0131 gerektirebilecek bir durumun ba\u015fg\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gerginlik ve buhran d\u00f6nemlerinde, k\u0131sa zamanda haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n tamamlanabilmesi ve noksans\u0131z olarak \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde harbe haz\u0131r olunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulacak ara\u00e7, mal ve hizmetlere ili\u015fkin olarak, seferberlik ve sava\u015f halinde T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri harek\u00e2t kontrol\u00fcne girecek olan kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n imkanlar\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131 ile yararlanmak.\u201d<\/p>\n
5. 31. maddesiyle 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 20. maddesine eklenen ikinci f\u0131kra \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c(Ek f\u0131kra: 18\/2\/2021-7281\/31 md.) Astsubay meslek y\u00fcksek okullar\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirilecek yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131; Astsubay Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn talebi ve Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6stermesi \u00fczerine, Bakan onay\u0131 ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccret 11\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Personel Kanununun 16 nc\u0131 maddesi uyar\u0131nca Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
6. 42. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ibare de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131lan 46. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cMadde 46 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 11\/2\/2014-6519\/10 md.) <\/p>\n
Garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenir. Bu g\u00f6revin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi maksad\u0131yla, Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca garnizonda bulunan k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kadro ve te\u015fkiller olu\u015fturulabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
ii. (c) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ibare de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lan 50. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cMadde 50 \u2013Yukardaki maddelerde belirtilen h\u00fck\u00fcmler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veya istisnai haller kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda garnizon kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta kumandan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d<\/p>\n
b. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. (a) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin ibare de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131lan birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cSubay hizmet kadrolar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki esaslara g\u00f6re tespit olunur.<\/p>\n
a) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 18\/6\/2003 – 4902\/22 md.) Her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihinden sonra uygulanacak kadrolar; r\u00fctbe, s\u0131n\u0131f (varsa bran\u015f\u0131) belirtilerek Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hizmet ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re tespit edilir.<\/p>\n
b) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 29\/7\/1983 – 2870\/2 md.) Tespit edilen bu kadrolar i\u00e7indeki albay miktar\u0131 her y\u0131l Y\u00fcksek Asker\u00ee \u015euran\u0131n tasvibine sunulur ve Y\u00fcksek Asker\u00ee \u015euraca miktar ile ilgili karar al\u0131n\u0131r. (\u00d6zel kanunlar\u0131 gere\u011fince tespit edilen albay kadrolar\u0131 bu miktarlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulur.)<\/p>\n
c) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 23\/6\/2016 – 6722\/3 md.) Albaylardan Y\u00fcksek Asker\u00ee \u015eura taraf\u0131ndan o y\u0131l i\u00e7in hizmet kadrosu fazlas\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilen miktar kadar\u0131 50 nci maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine g\u00f6re kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilirler. Ancak bunlardan, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki esaslara g\u00f6re tefrik edilenler, kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilmezler ve (b) bendine g\u00f6re tespit edilen miktar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak fiili hizmet s\u00fcreleri iki y\u0131l uzat\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n m\u00fcteakip y\u0131llarda da ayn\u0131 esaslarla hizmet s\u00fcrelerinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 50 nci maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (d) bentleri sakl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla bu bentteki esaslara g\u00f6re ayr\u0131ca Y\u00fcksek Asker\u00ee \u015eura karar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihi itibar\u0131yla hizmet ihtiyac\u0131 sebebiyle kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen toplam albay miktar\u0131 ile bunlar\u0131n y\u0131llara, ne\u015fetlere, s\u0131n\u0131flara, bran\u015flara veya ihtisaslara g\u00f6re kontenjanlar\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen oranlar\u0131 a\u015fmamak \u00fczere ve ne\u015fet mevcutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re dengeli da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Y\u00fcksek Asker\u00ee \u015eura karar\u0131 ile tespit edilir. Kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 (\u2026) i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmak \u00fczere;<\/p>\n
I- \u0130lk defa fiili hizmet s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lacak albay miktar\u0131, o y\u0131l hizmet kadrosu fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilecek toplam albay miktar\u0131n\u0131n %25\u2019ini; bunlar aras\u0131ndan m\u00fcteakip d\u00f6nemlerde uzat\u0131lacaklar\u0131n miktar\u0131 ise bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde uzatma karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n %75\u2019ini ge\u00e7emez.<\/p>\n
II- (I) numaral\u0131 alt bentte belirlenmi\u015f orana g\u00f6re hesaplanacak ilk defa fiili hizmet s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lacak albay miktar\u0131, Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri insan g\u00fcc\u00fc plan\u0131nda belirlenmi\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k subay yeti\u015ftirme miktar\u0131n\u0131n %3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu say\u0131ya kadar art\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
III- (I) ve (II) numaral\u0131 alt bentlerde belirlenmi\u015f oranlara g\u00f6re bulunacak say\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00fcsuratl\u0131 de\u011ferleri yar\u0131ma e\u015fit veya yar\u0131mdan b\u00fcy\u00fckse bu k\u00fcsuratl\u0131 de\u011ferler tama ibla\u011f edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
ii. (b) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ibare de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lan 89. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cV \u2013 Kadrolar\u0131n bildirilmesi:<\/p>\n
Madde 89 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 2\/1\/2017-KHK- 681\/27 md.; Aynen kabul: 1\/2\/2018-7073\/27 md.)<\/p>\n
Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131na ait astsubay kadrolar\u0131, her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihine kadar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (varsa bran\u015f\u0131) belirtilerek Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
iii. (g) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesi de\u011fi\u015ftirilen ek 35. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cEk Madde 35- (Ek: 23\/6\/2016 – 6722\/7 md.)<\/p>\n
\u00a0(De\u011fi\u015fik c\u00fcmle:18\/2\/2021-7281\/42 md.) \u0130tibari r\u00fctbe; yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6reve atananlara Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6revle g\u00f6revlendirilenlere ilgili kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilebilir. \u0130tibari r\u00fctbe alan personel, bu r\u00fctbenin sahip oldu\u011fu yetkileri sadece yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke personeline kar\u015f\u0131 mevcut uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullan\u0131r. \u0130tibari r\u00fctbeden dolay\u0131 maa\u015f fark\u0131 veya ilave tazminat \u00f6denmez ve bu personele ger\u00e7ek r\u00fctbesinin \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 verilir. \u0130tibari r\u00fctbe, personelin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli veya ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6revi sona erdi\u011finde son bulur.\u201d<\/p>\n
c. (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. (a) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ibare de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lan ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na ikinci c\u00fcmlenin eklendi\u011fi 4. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cKadro ve g\u00f6rev tespiti:<\/p>\n
Madde 4 \u2013 Seferberlik ve sava\u015f hali ile bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemler i\u00e7in mevcut te\u015fkilatlanma da dikkate al\u0131narak, kamu ve \u00f6zel kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6revler verilir. Bunlardan gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerde te\u015fkilat kurulur.<\/p>\n
Mevcut kanunlardaki h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ilave olarak seferberlik ve sava\u015f halinin gerektirdi\u011fi g\u00f6revler, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikte belirlenir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinde Seferberlik i\u015flemleriyle ilgili kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanma, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir. (Ek c\u00fcmle:18\/2\/2021-7281\/42 md.) Belirlenen bu kadro ve te\u015fkilat Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onaylan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
ii. (b) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ibare de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131lan 5. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131:<\/p>\n
Madde 5 \u2013 Bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde seferberlik ve sava\u015f hali i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1. Mevcut te\u015fkilatlanmay\u0131 da dikkate alarak bu Kanun uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lacak haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere gerekli te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurmak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak,<\/p>\n
2. Seferberlik ve sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda koordineli olarak yapt\u0131rmak,<\/p>\n
3. Seferberlik ve sava\u015f hali ile ilgili haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n denenmesi ve e\u011fitimi amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerle, kamu ve \u00f6zel kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n personel, mal ve hizmetlerine, kanunlarda g\u00f6sterilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikte belirtilecek esaslar dahilinde, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n tatbikatlarda denenmesini sa\u011flamak, <\/p>\n
4. T\u00fcrkiye’nin taraf oldu\u011fu milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fmalar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi hallerde, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6nderilmesine veya yabanc\u0131 silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin T\u00fcrkiye’de bulunmas\u0131na, Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de alarak karar vermek,<\/p>\n
5. T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi hallerde, bu kuvvetlerle ilgili esaslar\u0131 tespit etmek.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(6) (Ek : 1\/3\/2000 – 4542\/1 md.) Seferberlik ve sava\u015f halinin hen\u00fcz ilan edilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu ancak sava\u015f\u0131 gerektirebilecek bir durumun ba\u015fg\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gerginlik ve buhran d\u00f6nemlerinde, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulacak ara\u00e7, mal ve hizmetlere ili\u015fkin kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na ait imkanlar\u0131n Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koordinesinde T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri harek\u00e2t kontrol\u00fcne verilmesini sa\u011flamak.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00e7. (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 4678 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ibare de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lan 10. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cS\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcreleri<\/p>\n
Madde 10 \u2013 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli astsubay adaylar\u0131, \u00f6n s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131larak asker\u00ee e\u011fitime al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bu e\u011fitimi ba\u015far\u0131 ile tamamlayanlardan y\u00f6netmelikte belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlarla s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bu ki\u015filer astsubay \u00e7avu\u015f r\u00fctbesine nasbedilirler. S\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcreleri; \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan az ve dokuz y\u0131ldan fazla olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla, hizmet gerekleri ve yeti\u015ftirme maliyetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kuvvet, s\u0131n\u0131f ve bran\u015flara g\u00f6re y\u00f6netmelikte belirlenir. Y\u00f6netmelikte belirlenen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131n talepleri halinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri yenilenebilir. Ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli astsubaylardan r\u00fctbe ya\u015f haddini dolduranlar hakk\u0131nda 8.6.1949 tarihli ve 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcreleri; (\u2026) seferberlik, sava\u015f veya silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektirecek hal ile sava\u015f hallerinde Kuvvet Komutanlar\u0131, Jandarma Genel Komutan\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterece\u011fi l\u00fczum \u00fczerine, durumun devam\u0131 m\u00fcddetince ilgisine g\u00f6re Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131 ile talebe bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zle\u015fme i\u015flemleri, Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131, Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
1. 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c(De\u011fi\u015fik birinci f\u0131kra : 28\/6\/2001 – 4699\/7 md.) Kadrosuzluk, yetersizlik, (\u2026) veya (d) bendindeki su\u00e7lardan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck nedeni ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen esas ve \u015fartlar dahilinde subaylar hakk\u0131nda Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerden ay\u0131rma i\u015flemi yap\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
a) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 9\/8\/1993 – KHK – 499\/10md.) Kadrosuzluk nedeniyle ay\u0131rma:<\/p>\n
41 inci maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hizmet ihtiya\u00e7 kadrosunu uygulayabilmek amac\u0131yla;<\/p>\n
1. Di\u011fer terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 haiz oldu\u011fu halde bir \u00fcst r\u00fctbede kadro a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, takip eden y\u0131llarda da terfi edemeyen y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131lar subayl\u0131ktaki 21 inci, binba\u015f\u0131lar subayl\u0131ktaki 22 nci, yarbaylar subayl\u0131ktaki 25 inci fiili hizmet y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 doldurduklar\u0131nda emekliye sevk edilirler.<\/p>\n
Gecikmeli olarak bir \u00fcst r\u00fctbeye terfi eden y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131lar, binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesinde 22 nci, binba\u015f\u0131lar ise yarbay r\u00fctbesinde 25 inci subayl\u0131k hizmet y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 doldursalar dahi emekliye sevk edilmezler ve bu r\u00fctbelerin normal bekleme s\u00fcresi sonuna kadar hizmete devam ettirilirler. Bunlar yeni r\u00fctbelerinin bekleme s\u00fcresi sonunda ve izleyen 2 y\u0131lda 3 defa de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutulurlar ve terfi edemedikleri takdirde emekliye sevk edilirler.<\/p>\n
Binba\u015f\u0131 ve yarbay r\u00fctbelerinde terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 haiz olduklar\u0131 halde terfi edemeyip bekleyenlerin miktar\u0131, 41 inci madde esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re o r\u00fctbenin tespit edilen kadrosunun y\u00fczde 10’unu ge\u00e7emez; ge\u00e7ti\u011fi takdirde, derece ve kademesine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n en eski nas\u0131pl\u0131lardan ve yeterlik durumu en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olanlardan ba\u015flanmak suretiyle yeteri kadar\u0131 emekliye sevk edilir.<\/p>\n
2. Bekleme s\u00fcresi sonunda veya sonraki y\u0131llarda bir \u00fcst r\u00fctbeye y\u00fckselemeyen albaylar\u0131n subayl\u0131\u011fa nas\u0131plar\u0131 en eski ve ayn\u0131 nas\u0131pl\u0131 olanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u00f6ncelikle 38 ve Ek- 1 inci maddelerde belirtilen terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 haiz olmayanlardan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere yeteri kadar\u0131 emekliye sevk edilir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u015fekilde emeklilik i\u015flemine; terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan, Y\u00fcksek Askeri \u015eura’ca tu\u011fgeneral-tu\u011famiral y\u0131l kontenjan\u0131 verilen s\u0131n\u0131flarda olduklar\u0131 ve r\u00fctbe terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 halde \u00fcst r\u00fctbe kadrosunda a\u00e7\u0131k bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in terfi edememi\u015f olan, terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 halde Y\u00fcksek Askeri \u015eura\u2019ca tu\u011fgeneral-tu\u011famiral y\u0131l kontenjan\u0131 verilmeyen s\u0131n\u0131flarda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Y\u00fcksek Askeri \u015eura\u2019ca de\u011ferlendirmeye girmeyen albaylar\u0131n, sicil notu ortalamas\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olanlardan ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
2. 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7\/A maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cGenelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131:<\/p>\n
Madde 7\/A- (Ek:18\/2\/2021-7281\/25 md.)<\/p>\n
Bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde seferberlik ve sava\u015f hali i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin seferberlik ve sava\u015f hali ile ilgili haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak,<\/p>\n
2. Yap\u0131lan haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n oluruyla tatbikatlarda denenmesini sa\u011flamak.\u201d<\/p>\n
3. 4\/11\/1981 tarihli ve 2547 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kanunu\u2019nun 34. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cYabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131:<\/p>\n
Madde 34 – Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile g\u00f6revlendirilecek yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131, ilgili fak\u00fclte, enstit\u00fc veya y\u00fcksekokul y\u00f6netim kurulunun \u00f6nerisi ve \u00fcniversite y\u00f6netim kurulunun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fczerine rekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan atan\u0131rlar. Bunlar, \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, bu kanunda ayl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f olan h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabidirler.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(De\u011fi\u015fik: 17\/8\/1983 – 2880\/17 md.) Yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde atanmalar\u0131 veya g\u00f6revlendirilmeleri, 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununun Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olmadan, Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulunca verilecek \u00f6n izni m\u00fcteakip \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni neticesinde ilgili \u00fcniversitesi ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(Ek f\u0131kra: 2\/7\/2018-KHK-703\/43 md.) Bu madde ve 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Personel Kanununun 16 nc\u0131 maddesine g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile g\u00f6revlendirilecek yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 dolu \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 kadrosu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n %2\u2019sini ge\u00e7emez. Bu kapsamdaki yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 itibariyle da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, isim, \u00fccret ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6rne\u011finin vizesi, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sona erdirilmesi, Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
4. 11\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Personel Kanunu\u2019nun 16. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cYabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccretler:<\/p>\n
Madde 16 \u2013 2547 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kanununun 34 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccret, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenecek esaslar dahilinde Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulunca tespit edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, Hicabi DURSUN, Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI ve \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 3\/6\/2021 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurma talebinin esas inceleme a\u015famas\u0131nda karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131na OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Dava dilek\u00e7esi ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Murat \u00d6ZDEN taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, dava konusu ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Kanun\u2019un 8. Maddesiyle 926 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. Maddesinin Alt\u0131nc\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131nda Yer Alan \u201c…disiplin amirleri de\u011fildirler.\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c\u2026disiplin amiridir.\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p>\n
3. Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) hukuk hizmetleri ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 veya birimleri ile ilgili d\u00fczenlemeler 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinde h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hukuk hizmetleri 26\/9\/2011 tarihli ve 659 say\u0131l\u0131 Genel B\u00fct\u00e7e Kapsam\u0131ndaki Kamu \u0130dareleri ve \u00d6zel B\u00fct\u00e7eli \u0130darelerde Hukuk Hizmetlerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na mensup subaylar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n
4. Maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda asgari olarak tugay (Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131nda e\u015fidi) komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nezdinde kurulacak hukuk hizmetleri ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 veya birimlerinin ba\u015fta ceza, disiplin, idare, harek\u00e2t ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk olmak \u00fczere nezdinde bulunduklar\u0131 k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya asker\u00ee kurum amirlerinin hukuk i\u015flerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapacaklar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subay ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kendi nam ve hesab\u0131na hukuk fak\u00fcltesini bitirenler ile muvazzaf veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli subay nasbedilenlerden hukuk fak\u00fcltesi mezunu \u00fcste\u011fmen ila binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesinde bulunanlar aras\u0131ndan Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131lacak s\u0131navla kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131, s\u0131navda ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6steren adaylardan d\u0131\u015f kaynaktan al\u0131nanlar\u0131n Mill\u00ee Savunma \u00dcniversitesinde verilecek temel askerlik e\u011fitiminde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmak \u015fart\u0131yla subayl\u0131\u011fa nasbedilece\u011fi, di\u011ferlerinin ise s\u0131n\u0131f de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Be\u015finci f\u0131krada da hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a meslek \u00f6ncesi ve meslek i\u00e7i e\u011fitime al\u0131nacaklar\u0131, e\u011fitimde ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6sterenlerin Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subay kadrolar\u0131na (s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli subaylar muvazzaf subay olarak) atanacaklar\u0131, hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na mensup subaylar\u0131n atanma ve yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerinin Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, hukuk hizmetleri ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131nda veya birimlerinde g\u00f6rev yapanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u015flemlerinin Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Dokuzuncu ve onuncu f\u0131kralarda ise hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar hakk\u0131nda bu maddede h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan h\u00e2llerde subaylar hakk\u0131ndaki mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131; hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, temini, meslek \u00f6ncesi ve meslek i\u00e7i e\u011fitimleri, sicil \u00fcstleri, disiplin amirleri, atanmalar\u0131, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri, g\u00f6revlendirmeleri, izinleri, n\u00f6bet hizmetleri ile di\u011fer hususlar\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
8. Dava konusu kuralda, nezdinde bulunduklar\u0131 komutan veya asker\u00ee kurum amirinin 31\/1\/2013 tarihli ve 6413 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Disiplin Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar\u0131n disiplin amiri olduklar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde disiplinsizlik bu Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re disiplin cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan fiil ve h\u00e2ller; (c) bendinde disiplin amiri bu Kanun\u2019la disiplin cezas\u0131 vermeye yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ilk amir ve (e) bendinde disiplin soru\u015fturmas\u0131 disiplinsizlik yapan personel hakk\u0131nda karar vermek amac\u0131yla disiplin amirleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan veya yapt\u0131r\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise maiyetindekilenden birinin disiplinsizlik te\u015fkil edebilecek bir fiilini veya mesle\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 tutum ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenen disiplin amirlerinin olay\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine kanaat getirmeleri durumunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00f6revlendirece\u011fi soru\u015fturmac\u0131lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ya da \u015fahsen disiplin soru\u015fturmas\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131; (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda disiplin soru\u015fturmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve heyetinin kendilerini g\u00f6revlendiren disiplin amiri ad\u0131na disiplin soru\u015fturmas\u0131yla ilgili bilgi ve belgeleri toplama, savunma alma, tan\u0131k dinleme, bilirki\u015fi g\u00f6revlendirme, ke\u015fif yapma, h\u00e2kim veya savc\u0131 karar\u0131 gerektirmeyen durumlarda kriminal inceleme yapt\u0131rma da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc inceleme ve ilgili makamlarla yaz\u0131\u015fma yapma yetkisine sahip oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. 8. maddenin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131na g\u00f6re de disiplinsizli\u011fi tespit edilen personele disiplin amiri taraf\u0131ndan Kanun\u2019daki esaslara uygun olarak disiplin cezas\u0131 verilir. Kanun\u2019da belirlenmi\u015f olan disiplinsizliklere nitelik ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla benzer eylemlerde bulunanlara, eylemleri adli veya asker\u00ee su\u00e7 olu\u015ftursa dahi ayn\u0131 neviden disiplin cezalar\u0131 verilebilir.<\/p>\n
12. 11. maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda uyarma, k\u0131nama, hizmete k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli devam ve ayl\u0131ktan kesme cezalar\u0131n\u0131n disiplin amirleri taraf\u0131ndan; hizmet yerini terk etmeme ve oda hapsi cezalar\u0131n\u0131n disiplin kurullar\u0131 ve disiplin amirleri taraf\u0131ndan; Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerden ay\u0131rma cezas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek disiplin kurullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. 36. maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re ise disiplin kurulu, yapaca\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda talep \u00fczerine veya gerek g\u00f6rmesi durumunda; ilgililerin \u00f6zl\u00fck dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ve her nevi evrak\u0131 incelemeye, ilgili k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h, kurum veya amirlerden bilgi almaya, belge istemeye, tan\u0131k ve bilirki\u015fi dinlemeye, ke\u015fif yapmaya, h\u00e2kim veya savc\u0131 karar\u0131 gerektirmeyen durumlarda kriminal inceleme yapt\u0131rma da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere soru\u015fturmay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc idari i\u015flemi yapmaya veya yapt\u0131rmaya yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
14. 39. maddenin (1), (2) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda disiplin amirleri taraf\u0131ndan disiplinsizli\u011fin kendileri taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden itibaren bir ay ve her h\u00e2lde disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihten itibaren iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra disiplin cezas\u0131 verilemeyece\u011fi; fiil inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015f ise bir ay i\u00e7inde inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olmak ve alt\u0131 ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek kayd\u0131yla inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrenin bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcreye d\u00e2hil edilmeyece\u011fi; disiplin kurullar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalarda fiilin disiplin amiri taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay ve her h\u00e2lde disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihten itibaren iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra disiplin cezas\u0131 verilemeyece\u011fi; Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerden ay\u0131rma cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek durumun olu\u015ftu\u011funun disiplin amirleri taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilmesinden itibaren bir y\u0131l ve her h\u00e2lde Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (h) bendindeki disiplinsizlikler -ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle ili\u015fkisi olmak- i\u00e7in yirmi y\u0131l, di\u011fer bentlerde yer alan disiplinsizlikler i\u00e7in be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra ayn\u0131 sebeple y\u00fcksek disiplin kurulu taraf\u0131ndan ceza verilemeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. 40. maddeye g\u00f6re 13. maddenin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen firar ve izin tecav\u00fcz\u00fc gibi, ilgilinin bulunamamas\u0131 nedeniyle savunma almay\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le getiren zorunlu h\u00e2ller gere\u011fince verilecek Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerden ay\u0131rma cezas\u0131 haricinde disiplin amirleri veya disiplin kurullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan savunma al\u0131nmadan disiplin cezas\u0131 verilemez. \u0130snat edilen hususlar ile savunma i\u00e7in verilen s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak ilgiliye bildirilir. Y\u00fcksek disiplin kurulunun g\u00f6revine giren disiplinsizliklerde verilecek savunma s\u00fcresi \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcnden, di\u011fer disiplinsizliklerde ise iki i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcnden az ve herh\u00e2lde be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcnden fazla olamaz. Savunmas\u0131 istenen ki\u015finin talebi h\u00e2linde ilave savunma s\u00fcresi verilebilir. Ancak ilk verilen savunma s\u00fcresi ile ilave verilen savunma s\u00fcresinin toplam\u0131 be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7emez. Verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde savunmas\u0131n\u0131 yapmayan personel savunma hakk\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
16. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; askerlik hizmetinin s\u0131k\u0131 disiplin ve hiyerar\u015finin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu bir kamu hizmeti niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle asker\u00ee personelden di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerine nazaran daha kat\u0131 bir disiplinin beklenebilece\u011fi, bu d\u00fczeni temin eden disiplin amirlerinin tarafs\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lama hakk\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu, bu kapsamda soru\u015fturman\u0131n tarafs\u0131z bir soru\u015fturmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi, nezdinde bulunduklar\u0131 komutan veya asker\u00ee birim amirinin hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar\u0131n i\u015f, i\u015flem ve eylemlerine vak\u0131f olmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun disiplin i\u015flemlerinin adil ve tarafs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini engelleyebilece\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar\u0131n da g\u00f6revlerini yaparken bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalabilecekleri veya keyf\u00ee taleplerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilecekleri, bu durumun ise tarafs\u0131z davranma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rabilece\u011fi, bu nedenlerle kuralla hukuk devleti ve idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkelerinin ihlal edildi\u011fi, bu durumun adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 36., 90. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
4. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
17. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda da incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddede yer alan idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi hiyerar\u015fi ve vesayet olmak \u00fczere iki t\u00fcr yetki ile sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Bir kurumun kendi i\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu olan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda o kurumun g\u00f6revlileri aras\u0131ndaki astl\u0131k-\u00fcstl\u00fck durumunu ifade eden hiyerar\u015fi ili\u015fkisi y\u00f6netme yetkisinden do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Hiyerar\u015fik ili\u015fkide \u00fcst\u00fcn ast \u00fczerinde sahip oldu\u011fu hiyerar\u015fi yetkisi emir ve talimat verme, disiplin, atama, terfi, ast\u0131n i\u015flemlerini hukukilik ve yerindelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan denetleme, d\u00fczeltme, iptal etme gibi yetkileri i\u00e7ermektedir (AYM, E.2020\/59, K.2023\/53, 22\/3\/2023, \u00a7 10).<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cMemurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin nitelikleri, atanmalar\u0131, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, ayl\u0131k ve \u00f6denekleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmek suretiyle memurlar ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlileri \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yasal g\u00fcvenceye kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
20. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinde (TSK) hukuk hizmetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel idare esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gereken asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na tabi subaylar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesi kapsam\u0131nda di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlisi niteli\u011finde olduklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olup bu personelin stat\u00fc haklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyen disiplin i\u015flemleri de s\u00f6z konusu maddede ifade edilen di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla belirtilen hususlar\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bir gere\u011fidir. Bununla birlikte kanun koyucunun s\u00f6z konusu personelin disiplin i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131 belirleme konusunda takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak kanun koyucunun bu yetkisini anayasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcvenceleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak kullanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
21. Disiplin cezalar\u0131, kamu hizmetlerinin gere\u011fi gibi y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, yapma veya yapmama bi\u00e7iminde beliren davran\u0131\u015f kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali h\u00e2linde uygulanan idari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlard\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/8, K.2019\/26, 11\/4\/2019, \u00a7 9).<\/p>\n
22. Kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 8. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde madde ile 10\/7\/2018 tarihli ve 30474 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan (1) numaral\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019yle (CBK) Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fkilat\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131 nedeniyle uyum d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve nezdinde bulunduklar\u0131 k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amirlerinin hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar\u0131n disiplin amiri olmalar\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
23. 6413 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinde disiplin amirlerinin bizzat ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00f6revlendirece\u011fi soru\u015fturmac\u0131lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla disiplin soru\u015fturmas\u0131 yapabilece\u011finin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde bu h\u00fck\u00fcmle disiplin amirine soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mama konusunda bir yetkinin tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131n ilgililer hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n disiplin cezas\u0131 verilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Nitekim bu kapsamda an\u0131lan maddenin di\u011fer f\u0131kralar\u0131nda da disiplin soru\u015fturmas\u0131 yapacak ki\u015filer ile soru\u015fturmac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
24. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 8. maddesinde bu Kanun\u2019daki esaslara uygun olarak disiplin cezas\u0131 verilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 11. maddede disiplin cezas\u0131 vermeye yetkili makamlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, 36. maddede disiplin kurulunun soru\u015fturmay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc idari i\u015flemi yapmaya veya yapt\u0131rmaya yetkili oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f, 39. maddede disiplin zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, 40. maddede de savunma al\u0131nmadan disiplin cezas\u0131 verilemeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
25. Hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar, h\u00e2kim ve savc\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019da disiplin su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden h\u00e2kim ve savc\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcvencelerden yararlanamazlar.<\/p>\n
26. Bu itibarla Kanun\u2019da tan\u0131mlanan disiplin su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma ve ceza zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ceza verilmemesi gibi usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvencelerin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda hukuk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 subaylar\u0131n disiplin amirini d\u00fczenleyen kural\u0131n belirli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kuralda kanunla d\u00fczenleme ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kural kapsam\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu subaylar\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik \u00fcst\u00fc olan, nezdinde bulunduklar\u0131 komutan veya asker\u00ee kurum amirinin disiplin amiri olarak belirlenmesi idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesiyle \u00e7eli\u015fmemektedir.<\/p>\n
27. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. ve 128. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. ve 90. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. Kanun\u2019un 20. Maddesiyle 2847 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. Maddesinin De\u011fi\u015ftirilen Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
28. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; derneklerin kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kurulabilece\u011fi, kurulan derne\u011fe t\u00fczel ki\u015filik stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilmemesinin bireylerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ancak Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler ve kolluk kuvvetleri mensuplar\u0131na, g\u00f6revlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilebilece\u011fi ancak dava konusu kuralla h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler personeli olarak g\u00f6rev yapmayan ki\u015filere -emekli asker\u00ee personel ile \u015fehit dul ve yetimleri gibi- y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu, h\u00e2lbuki meslekten ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale edilemeyece\u011fi, idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kanunili\u011fi ilkesi gere\u011fince idarenin kanunla kurulmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin de kanunla belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fi, buna kar\u015f\u0131n kurala konu bakanl\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi nesnel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere g\u00f6re incelenece\u011finin kanunda d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fi, bu incelemeye ili\u015fkin temel ilkeler ile \u00e7er\u00e7evenin kanunda belirlenmedi\u011fi, bu durumun yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, di\u011fer derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan herhangi bir bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kurala konu ki\u015filer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 uygulaman\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu, bu durumun objektif ve kabul edilebilir bir nedeninin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuk devletinin bir gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu, bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n hukuk devleti ilkesiyle ve uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle de ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 10., 13., 33., 90. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
29. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde bu Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilece\u011fi, ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde de bu Kanun\u2019a ve 4\/11\/2004 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise derne\u011fin Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilece\u011fi ve kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
30. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 33. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma ve bunlara \u00fcye olma ya da \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir.\/ Hi\u00e7 kimse bir derne\u011fe \u00fcye olmaya ve dernekte \u00fcye kalmaya zorlanamaz.\/ Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve genel ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyetlerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyetinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usuller kanunda g\u00f6sterilir.\/\u2026\/ Birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler ve kolluk kuvvetleri mensuplar\u0131na ve g\u00f6revlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Devlet memurlar\u0131na kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmesine engel de\u011fildir.\/\u2026\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
31. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; bireylerin kendi menfaatlerini korumak ve savunmak, ideallerini ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kolektif olu\u015fumlar meydana getirerek bir araya gelebilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi korkmadan, engellenmeden a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede dernek hakk\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 100; E.2021\/59, K.2021\/90, 16\/12\/2021, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
32. Bu kapsamda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; bireylere topluluk h\u00e2linde siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyal ve ekonomik ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Siyasi bir amac\u0131 olsun veya olmas\u0131n vatanda\u015flar\u0131n bir araya gelerek ortak ama\u00e7lar\u0131 izleyebilece\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplumun \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenidir. Demokrasilerde b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rg\u00fct, devlet taraf\u0131ndan sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi ve korunmas\u0131 gereken temel haklara sahiptir (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 101; sendikalarla ilgili olarak bkz. Tayfun Cengiz, B. No: 2013\/8463, 18\/9\/2014, \u00a7\u00a7 31, 32).<\/p>\n
33. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u015fekli veya \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6n\u00fc olan dernek hakk\u0131; ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra derne\u011fe \u00fcye olma, derne\u011fin etkinliklerine kat\u0131lma ve mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n menfaatlerini korumak \u00fczere faaliyetlerde bulunma gibi haklar\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir. Dernekler ise belirli bir amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ya da izlenmesi i\u00e7in ki\u015filerin bilgi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak birle\u015ftirdikleri \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filikle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 33. maddesi temel olarak dernek hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 korunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 102).<\/p>\n
34. Kanun koyucu derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin incelenmesi hususunda m\u00fclki amiri yetkili k\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, bu yetkinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgili Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilir. An\u0131lan Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn derne\u011fin kurulu\u015funun 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususuyla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. M\u00fclki amir de bu kanuni d\u00fczenlemelere ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde derne\u011fin dernekler k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde i\u015flem tesis etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
35. Ayr\u0131ca m\u00fclki amir s\u00f6z konusu Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ilgili mevzuata uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak karar verecektir. Bu kapsamda kural\u0131n kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahalesine elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmedi\u011fi gibi kuralda s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ba\u011flam\u0131nda devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n de bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
36. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devleti; eylem ve i\u015flemleri hukuka uygun, insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131, bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, her alanda adil bir hukuk d\u00fczeni kurup bunu geli\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayan, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 durum ve tutumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nan, hukuk kurallar\u0131yla kendini ba\u011fl\u0131 sayan ve yarg\u0131 denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k olan devlettir.<\/p>\n
37. Hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan biri belirlilik ilkesidir. Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re an\u0131lan ilke, yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n
38. Kuralda m\u00fclki amir taraf\u0131ndan hangi konuda ve hangi bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u015fvurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirsiz oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu itibarla kuralda hukuki belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
39. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 33. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10., 13., 90. ve 123. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
C. Kanun\u2019un 23. Maddesiyle 2847 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a Eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 4. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) Bendinin \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
40. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresine y\u00f6nelik gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 10., 13., 33., 90. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
41. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi de mevcut derneklerin bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyumunun sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda an\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendi, 5233 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve bu Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen esaslar dikkate al\u0131narak kurulacak derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fclki amir taraf\u0131ndan \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131narak incelenece\u011fini ve 3. madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem tesis edilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Dava konusu kural da bu bentte yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresidir.<\/p>\n
42. 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
43. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 33. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10., 13., 90. ve 123. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. Kanun\u2019un 24. Maddesiyle 2941 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. Maddesinin Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131nda Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u0130barelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. Madde Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
44. Anayasa Mahkemesinin norm denetimi yetkisinin kapsam\u0131na Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, kanun, kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararname, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ad\u0131 verilen normlar (kurallar) girmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemeler, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n yetkili k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 organlar taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ve bu adlar alt\u0131nda tespit edilen genel, s\u00fcrekli ve soyut hukuk normlar\u0131d\u0131r. Norm ise insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmek amac\u0131yla belirli bir \u015feyin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan ya da belirli bir \u015feyin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin veya yetki veren ve cebirle desteklenmi\u015f irade a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hukuk normlar\u0131 daima emir, yasak, izin veya yetki i\u00e7eren \u00f6nermelerden olu\u015fur. \u0130nsan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmeyi hedeflemeyen yani emir vermeyen, yasak koymayan, izin veya yetki vermeyen bir \u00f6nerme, normatif nitelikte olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hukuk kural\u0131 say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n
45. Bu itibarla madde ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 da ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir yarg\u0131 ifade etmedi\u011finden denetlenebilir norm niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir. An\u0131lan niteli\u011fi sebebiyle madde ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n iptal davas\u0131na konu edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir (ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndeki kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2014\/146, K.2015\/31, 19\/3\/2015; E.2017\/162, K.2018\/100, 17\/10\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 63-65).<\/p>\n
46. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer alan \u201d\u2026Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n\u2026\u201d ibaresinin \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik iptal talebi hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. Birinci F\u0131krada Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
a. Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p>\n
47. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde TSK; kara, deniz ve hava kuvvetleri subay, asker\u00ee memur, astsubay, erba\u015f ve erleri ile asker\u00ee \u00f6\u011frencilerden olu\u015fan ve seferde ihtiyatlarla ikmal edilen, kadro ve kurulu\u015flarla te\u015fkilat\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen silahl\u0131 devlet kuvveti olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla devletin asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131fat\u0131yla \u00fclkeyi karadan, denizden ve havadan gelebilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 korumakla g\u00f6revli olan TSK kara, deniz ve hava kuvvetlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
48. M\u00fclga 31\/7\/1970 tarihli ve 1324 say\u0131l\u0131 Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6rev ve Yetkilerine Ait Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olup Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 da Ba\u015fbakana kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu idi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 TSK\u2019n\u0131n en \u00fcst hiyerar\u015fik amiri konumundayd\u0131 (AYM, E.2020\/72, K.2022\/160, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7 98).<\/p>\n
49. 31\/7\/1970 tarihli ve 1325 say\u0131l\u0131 Askeri Okullar, Askeri \u00d6\u011frenciler, Askeri Fabrikalar ve Baz\u0131 D\u00fczenlemeler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019a, 9\/11\/2016 tarihli ve 6756 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Kapsam\u0131nda Tedbirler Al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve Milli Savunma \u00dcniversitesi Kurulmas\u0131 ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin De\u011fi\u015ftirilerek Kabul Edilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 36. maddesiyle eklenen 1\/A maddesinde Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik konumu yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve an\u0131lan maddede Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131na (Bakan) ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
50. Di\u011fer yandan 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemine ge\u00e7ilmesi \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 2\/7\/2018 tarihli ve 703 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa\u2019da Yap\u0131lan De\u011fi\u015fikliklere Uyum Sa\u011flanmas\u0131 Amac\u0131yla Baz\u0131 Kanun ve Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamelerde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin (KHK) 23. maddesiyle 1\/A maddesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan KHK\u2019n\u0131n 47. maddesiyle de 1324 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
51. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemine ge\u00e7ilmesiyle birlikte Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk idare te\u015fkilat\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7indeki konumu (1) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 338. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Bakana ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f; (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ile Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n Bakana ba\u011fl\u0131 ve Bakana kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 sorumlu olduklar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u00f6z konusu CBK\u2019n\u0131n Bakan\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini d\u00fczenleyen 336. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde ise Bakan\u0131n Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin faaliyet ve hizmetlerini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak savunma politikas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tespit olunan ve Bakan taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan ilke, \u00f6ncelik ve ana programlar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
52. CBK\u2019n\u0131n 338. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kadro ve kurulu\u015funda g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin komutan\u0131 oldu\u011fu, sava\u015fta ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revlerini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 nam\u0131na yerine getirece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
53. An\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde mevcut idari te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7indeki konumlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ile Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda hiyerar\u015fik bir ba\u011f kurulmaks\u0131z\u0131n her birinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ve do\u011frudan Bakan\u0131n hiyerar\u015fisine tabi k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her ne kadar Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin komutan\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmek suretiyle hiyerar\u015fik yetkilerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 olan emir ve talimat verme yetkisiyle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de idari yap\u0131lanmaya g\u00f6re art\u0131k TSK\u2019n\u0131n en \u00fcst ve ortak hiyerar\u015fik amiri konumunda de\u011fildir. Bu itibarla hukuki stat\u00fc itibar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 zamanda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 nam\u0131na Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin komutan\u0131 olma s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131yan Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlere di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131na komuta etme yetkisini kullanmas\u0131nda Bakan\u0131n da d\u00e2hil olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2020\/72, K.2022\/160, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7 103).<\/p>\n
b. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
54. 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinde bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2li i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin olarak TSK\u2019n\u0131n seferberlik ve sava\u015f durumu haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili faaliyetlerini di\u011fer bakanl\u0131klarla koordine etmek; seferberlik ilan\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek durumlarda bu h\u00e2lin ilan\u0131 i\u00e7in Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kuruluna g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmek; seferberlik ve sava\u015f durumunda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vermek ve teklifte bulunmak; acil ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan yedek personelin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n oluruyla s\u00fcresi yedi g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak; seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2linin hen\u00fcz ilan edilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu ancak sava\u015f\u0131 gerektirebilecek bir durumdan kaynaklanan gerginlik ve buhran d\u00f6nemlerinde k\u0131sa zamanda haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n tamamlanabilmesi ve noksans\u0131z olarak \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde harbe haz\u0131r olunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ihtiya\u00e7 duyulacak ara\u00e7, mal ve hizmetlere ili\u015fkin olarak seferberlik ve sava\u015f durumunda TSK harek\u00e2t kontrol\u00fcne girecek olan kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131 ile yararlanmak Bakan\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
55. Kuralla yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nce an\u0131lan g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na ait iken kuralla Bakana tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
56. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kural\u0131n Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sembolik bir stat\u00fcye indirgedi\u011fi, kuralla bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2li i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumlulu\u011fa sahip asli makam olan Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yerine Bakan\u0131n belirlendi\u011fi, h\u00e2lbuki Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n TSK\u2019n\u0131n komutan\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda TSK\u2019y\u0131 sevk ve idare edece\u011fi, bu itibarla sava\u015f ve seferberlik h\u00e2linde yap\u0131lacak haz\u0131rl\u0131klarda da Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yetkili olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik d\u00fczen yap\u0131s\u0131na dayanan emir-komuta zincirinin tepesinde yer alan bir makam iken emir-komuta zincirinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n asker\u00ee i\u015flere do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi h\u00e2kim olamayaca\u011f\u0131, kural\u0131n TSK\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015fleyi\u015fi ile asker\u00ee hiyerar\u015fi ve disiplini bozaca\u011f\u0131, yurt savunmas\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesiyle de \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 117., 118. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00e7. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
57. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. maddesinde \u201cBa\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manev\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temsil olunur.\/ Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndan ve Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin yurt savunmas\u0131na haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine kar\u015f\u0131, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 sorumludur.\/ Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca atanan Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131; Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin komutan\u0131 olup, sava\u015fta Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revlerini Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nam\u0131na yerine getirir.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
58. Bu itibarla mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndan ve Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin yurt savunmas\u0131na haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine (TBMM) kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bu g\u00f6revlerin yerine getirilmesi i\u00e7in bakanlar\u0131 yetkilendirmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
59. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinde yer alan idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bir kurumun kendi i\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu olan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda o kurumun g\u00f6revlileri aras\u0131ndaki astl\u0131k-\u00fcstl\u00fck durumunu ifade eden hiyerar\u015fi ili\u015fkisi, y\u00f6netme yetkisinden do\u011fmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2020\/59, K.2023\/53, 22\/3\/2023, \u00a7 10).<\/p>\n
60. Dava konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde (1) numaral\u0131 CBK ile Bakanl\u0131k te\u015fkilat\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bakana ba\u011flanmas\u0131 nedeniyle mevzuatta uyumun sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2lindeki g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi amac\u0131yla maddenin ihdas edildi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
61. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik amiri olan Bakana kural\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddede belirtilen hususlarda yetki tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
62. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin komutan\u0131d\u0131r. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda da Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 nam\u0131na yerine getirir. Komutanl\u0131k bir sevk ve idare makam\u0131 olup komuta alt\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvetlerin bar\u0131\u015fta ve sava\u015fta her bak\u0131mdan haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve idaresi hususunda yetkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2020\/72, K.2022\/160, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7 115). 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7\/A maddesiyle de Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2li ile ilgili olarak TSK\u2019ya ili\u015fkin haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapmak ve yap\u0131lan haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n oluruyla tatbikatlarda denenmesini sa\u011flamak yetkisiyle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
63. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde sava\u015f ve seferberlik durumlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin hususlarda an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019da Bakan\u0131n ve Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f; s\u00f6z konusu durumlarda di\u011fer bakanl\u0131klarla koordinasyon, Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kuruluna ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmek ve teklifte bulunmak, kanunda say\u0131lan h\u00e2llerde TSK kontrol\u00fcne girecek kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015f imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla yararlanmak hususlar\u0131nda Bakan g\u00f6revli ve yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
64. Bu itibarla kuralda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlere komutanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131na ve sava\u015f h\u00e2linde Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 nam\u0131na yerine getirmesine engel bir y\u00f6n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Bakanl\u0131k ile Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda kanun koyucunun -anayasal ilkelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla- geni\u015f bir takdir yetkisinin bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde an\u0131lan yetki kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan kural\u0131n idarenin kanunili\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
65. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D. Kanun\u2019un 31. Maddesiyle 4752 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. Maddesine Eklenen \u0130kinci F\u0131kran\u0131n \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
66. 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un amac\u0131n\u0131n astsubay meslek y\u00fcksek okullar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimle ilgili ama\u00e7 ve ilkeleri belirlemek; astsubay meslek y\u00fcksek okullar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n, \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frencileriyle ilgili esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
67. Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (a) bendinde astsubay meslek y\u00fcksek okulunun bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip, Atat\u00fcrk ilkelerine ba\u011fl\u0131, asker\u00ee de\u011ferleri haiz, muvazzaf astsubay yeti\u015ftiren, \u00f6n lisans d\u00fczeyinde e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yay\u0131n yapan bir y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim kurumu oldu\u011fu h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6. maddede ise astsubay meslek y\u00fcksek okullar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revinin 5. maddede belirtilen ilkelere ve kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131na uygun olarak \u00f6n lisans d\u00fczeyinde bilgi ve beceriye sahip, ilerideki safhalarda meslek geli\u015fim programlar\u0131nda belirtilen e\u011fitimleri takip edebilecek nitelikte muvazzaf astsubay yeti\u015ftirmek oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
68. 15. maddede astsubay meslek y\u00fcksek okulu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin doktor \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi kadrolar\u0131na, yeterli \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 meslek y\u00fcksek okulu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce tespit edilen ve yabanc\u0131 dil s\u0131nav\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan adaylar aras\u0131ndan haklar\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bilimsel de\u011ferlendirme raporu al\u0131nd\u0131ktan ve bu rapor y\u00f6netim kurulunda de\u011ferlendirildikten sonra y\u00fcksek okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne de ba\u015fvurulmak suretiyle Mill\u00ee Savunma \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn teklifi \u00fczerine Bakan onay\u0131 ile atama yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
69. 20. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da s\u00f6z konusu okullarda bu Kanun uyar\u0131nca atanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi bulunmayan dersler ile \u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131nda ortak zorunlu ders olarak yer alan veya konu kapsam\u0131 itibar\u0131yla \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131nda mesleki tecr\u00fcbe ve ihtisas gerektiren teorik ve uygulamal\u0131 dersler i\u00e7in ilgili bilim dal\u0131nda e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f veya mesleki tecr\u00fcbe ve bilimsel yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f asker veya sivil ki\u015filerin g\u00f6revlendirilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde astsubay meslek y\u00fcksek okullar\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirilecek yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n meslek y\u00fcksekokulu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn talebi ve Mill\u00ee Savunma \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6stermesi \u00fczerine Bakan onay\u0131 ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi, ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccretin 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 16. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu ikinci c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
70. 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesinin at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 16. maddesinde 2547 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 34. maddesine g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccretin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenecek esaslar d\u00e2hilinde Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulunca tespit edilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
71. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un dava konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 20. maddesinin at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 16. maddesi ile an\u0131lan maddenin at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu 2547 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 34. maddesinde yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccretin tespiti hususunda nesnel bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn ve \u00e7er\u00e7evenin belirlenmedi\u011fi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n asli ve s\u00fcrekli nitelikte bir kamu hizmeti olan e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetini genel idare esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fctmeleri nedeniyle kamu g\u00f6revlisi oldu\u011fu, kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin nitelikleri, atanmalar\u0131, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin a\u00e7\u0131k, net ve anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir \u015fekilde kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi, bu konuda herhangi bir yasal ilke ve \u00e7er\u00e7evenin belirlenmedi\u011fi, bu durumun idarenin kanunili\u011fi, yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ve hukuk devleti ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kuralla ayn\u0131 \u015fartlara sahip ve ayn\u0131 pozisyondaki yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131ndan birine di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccret \u00f6demesinin yap\u0131labilece\u011fi, bu durumun benzer ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131, daha \u00f6nce ayn\u0131 konuda verilen Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hi\u00e7bir organ\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Anayasa\u2019dan almayan bir devlet yetkisini kullanamayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilkeleri de ihlal etti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 6., 7., 10., 123., 128. ve 153. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
72. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesinde \u201cYasama yetkisi T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir. Bu yetki devredilemez.\u201d denilmektedir. Yasama yetkisinin TBMM\u2019ye ait olmas\u0131 ve bu yetkinin devredilememesi, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesinin bir gere\u011fidir. Bu h\u00fckme yer veren Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde yasama yetkisinin parlamentoya ait olmas\u0131 \u201cdemokrasi rejimini benimseyen siyasi rejimlerde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir durum\u201d olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, gerek\u00e7ede \u201cMillet ad\u0131na kanun koyma yetkisini yasama meclisi yerine getirir. Bu yetki devredilemez. Ancak, Anayasan\u0131n 99 ve 129 uncu maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d denilmek suretiyle bu ilkenin anlam\u0131 ve istisnalar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Madde gerek\u00e7esinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, yasama yetkisinin devredilemezli\u011fi, esasen kanun koyma yetkisinin TBMM d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir organca kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesi ile yasaklanan, kanun yapma yetkisinin devredilmesidir (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2021\/73, K.2022\/51, 21\/4\/2022, \u00a7 15; E.2022\/54, K.2022\/99, 8\/9\/2022, \u00a7 25).<\/p>\n
73. T\u00fcrevsel nitelikteki d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin d\u00fczenleme yetkisi, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir yetkidir. Bu nedenle temel ilkeleri belirlenmeksizin ve \u00e7er\u00e7evesi \u00e7izilmeksizin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na d\u00fczenleme yetkisi veren bir kanun kural\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, belirsiz, geni\u015f bir alan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin d\u00fczenlemesine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa’n\u0131n belirtilen maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturur. Bununla birlikte yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n temel ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi kanunla belirlendikten sonra uzmanl\u0131k ve idare tekni\u011fine ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye b\u0131rakmas\u0131, yasama yetkisinin devri olarak yorumlanamaz (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2019\/36, K.2021\/15, 4\/3\/2021, \u00a7 57; E.2022\/54, K.2022\/99, 8\/9\/2022, \u00a7 26).<\/p>\n
74. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi konularda kanunda genel ifadelerle d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131larak ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinin y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevsel nitelikteki d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Anayasa\u2019da m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen konularda yasaman\u0131n aslili\u011fi ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri haricinde ge\u00e7erli olan y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevselli\u011fi ilkeleri gere\u011fi idari i\u015flemlerin kanuna dayanmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Ancak bu durumda kanunda belirlenmesi gereken \u00e7er\u00e7eve, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumdakinden \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f olabilecektir (AYM, E.2018\/91, K.2020\/10, 19\/2\/2020, \u00a7 110; E.2019\/36, K.2021\/15, 4\/3\/2021, \u00a7 56; E.2022\/54, K.2022\/99, 8\/9\/2022, \u00a7 27).<\/p>\n
75. Kural astsubay meslek y\u00fcksekokulunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccrete ili\u015fkin esaslar\u0131n 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 16. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
76. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131 belli bir konuda kanun ile yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nabilir ise de kanunda s\u00f6z konusu yetkiyle temel ilke ve esaslar\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
77. Bu kapsamda kuralda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerine \u00f6denecek \u00fccretin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin -kazan\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131, alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r gibi- esaslar\u0131n kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmesi yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesinin bir gere\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
78. Kuralda ve kural\u0131n at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu Kanun\u2019da yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretlerinin hesaplanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin esaslar\u0131n belirlenmesi hususunda yetkinin do\u011frudan y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na devredildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kanunda temel ilke ve esaslar belirlenmeksizin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na ilk elden d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi verilmesinin yasama yetkisinin devredilemezli\u011fi ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fan bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n
79. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131 bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. ve 128. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 6., 123. ve 153. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
E. Kanun\u2019un 42. Maddesinin (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) Bendiyle 211 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. Maddesinde ve (c) Bendiyle An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. Maddesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130barelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
80. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 45. maddesinde i\u00e7inde ve civar\u0131nda yerle\u015fmi\u015f k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h veya asker\u00ee kurum bulunan mesk\u00fbn yerlerin garnizon olarak adland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, garnizonlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n, talimatnamede belirtilecek esaslar dahilinde tespit olunaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
81. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 12. maddesinin (a) bendinde k\u0131ta, g\u00f6revin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in taktik ve idari birlikleri kapsayan ve bir komuta alt\u0131nda toplanan te\u015fkiller, taktik birlik, belirli bir kurulu\u015f ve kadrosu olup asli g\u00f6revi muharebe hareketleri olan bir te\u015fkil, idari birlik, belli bir kurulu\u015f ve kadrosu olup asli g\u00f6revi hizmet hareketleri olan bir te\u015fkil; (b) bendinde kararg\u00e2h, komutan veya amirlerin k\u0131ta veya kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n sevk ve idarelerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir toplum \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, kararg\u00e2hlar\u0131n bir kurulu\u015f ve kadro ile tespit edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddenin (c) bendinde ise asker\u00ee kurumlar\u0131n k\u0131ta ve kararg\u00e2h anlam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan okul, orduevi, dikimevi, fabrika, tersane, askerlik \u015fubesi, ikmal merkezi ve depo gibi asker\u00ee tesis ve te\u015fkiller oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
82. Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kurallardan ilkini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
83. An\u0131lan maddenin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a garnizonda bulunan k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kadro ve te\u015fkillerin olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca\u2026\u201d ibaresi ise dava konusu ikinci kurald\u0131r.<\/p>\n
84. 47. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n garnizona d\u00e2hil b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131ta ve asker\u00ee kurumlar\u0131n disiplin amiri oldu\u011fu; 48. maddede b\u00fcy\u00fck garnizonlarda (T\u00fcmen ve e\u015fiti asker\u00ee kurumlar ile daha b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131ta ve kurumlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerlerde) garnizon komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n, oradaki k\u0131ta komutanlar\u0131 r\u00fctbece kendisinden sonra gelen birine garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devredebilecekleri; 49. maddede garnizon komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n garnizona ait her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hususta b\u00f6lgesinde bulunduklar\u0131 t\u00fcmen, kolordu ve ordu (Deniz ve Havada e\u015fidi) komutanl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131; 50. maddede ise belirtilen bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veya istisnai h\u00e2ller kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddede yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca\u2026\u201d ibaresi de dava konusu di\u011fer kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
85. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n asker\u00ee alanlarla ilgili yetkiye sahip oldu\u011fu ve sivil otoriteye tabi olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek bir durumun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 yerine Bakan taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmesinde kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n TSK\u2019n\u0131n komutan\u0131 ve sava\u015fta Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 nam\u0131na Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fctecek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle atama yetkisinin bu makama ait olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, aksi h\u00e2lde asker\u00ee otoritenin ve disiplinin bozulaca\u011f\u0131, dava konusu kurallara g\u00f6re Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a garnizonda bulunan k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kadro ve te\u015fkiller olu\u015fturulabilmesinin Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki hiyerar\u015finin bozulmas\u0131na neden olaca\u011f\u0131, bu durumun silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin disiplini ve asli g\u00f6revi olan yurt savunmas\u0131n\u0131 zaafa u\u011frataca\u011f\u0131, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kurallar\u0131n hukuk devleti ve idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 117., 118. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
a. 46. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Birinci C\u00fcmlesinde ve 50. Maddesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130barelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
86. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kurallar, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
87. Kurallarda ola\u011fan durumlar ile istisnai h\u00e2llerde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilece\u011finin Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
88. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 46. ve 50. maddelerinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fctecek personelin asgari olarak k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan asker\u00ee personel aras\u0131ndan garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi hususunda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisinin Bakanl\u0131\u011fa verildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k, net ve teredd\u00fcde yer b\u0131rakmayacak bir \u015fekilde h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurallarda herhangi bir belirsizlik bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu itibarla kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda memurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesine ili\u015fkin ilkeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
89. \u00d6te yandan dava konusu kurallar \u00f6ncesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususunda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131na ait iken bu yetki kurallarla Bakanl\u0131\u011fa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
90. Bu kapsamda 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kurallar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
91. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptalleri talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117., 123. ve 128. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
b. 46. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
92. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 106. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
93. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi amac\u0131yla Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca garnizonda bulunan k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kadro ve te\u015fkillerin olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. An\u0131lan c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kurald\u0131r.<\/p>\n
94. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f; 106. maddesinin on birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n, kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin, te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 ile merkez ve ta\u015fra te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n CBK ile d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla an\u0131lan f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131ndaki konular Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n CBK ile d\u00fczenlenmesini, ayr\u0131ca ve \u00f6zel olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konulard\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/123, K.2022\/138, 9\/11\/2022, \u00a7 87).<\/p>\n
95. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 12. maddesinde T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin te\u015fkilat\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelere yer verilmi\u015ftir. (1) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 337. maddesinde de Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkez, ta\u015fra ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 te\u015fkilat\u0131ndan olu\u015ftu\u011fu; 338. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kadro ve kurulu\u015funda g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
96. An\u0131lan CBK\u2019n\u0131n 509. maddesinin (1), (2) ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n merkez te\u015fkilat\u0131 ile ihtiyaca g\u00f6re kurulan ta\u015fra ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 te\u015fkilat\u0131ndan ve ba\u011fl\u0131, ilgili ve ili\u015fkili kurulu\u015flardan meydana gelece\u011fi, bakanl\u0131k merkez te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu hizmetlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi, bu hizmetlerle ilgili ama\u00e7 ve politika tayini, planlama, kaynaklar\u0131 d\u00fczenleme ve sa\u011flama, koordinasyon, g\u00f6zetim ve takip, idareyi geli\u015ftirme ve denetim gibi g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmek \u00fczere gerekli birimlerden meydana gelece\u011fi, bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olduklar\u0131 hizmetleri vatanda\u015flara sunmakla g\u00f6revli bakanl\u0131k ta\u015fra te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n, ihtiyaca g\u00f6re il valisine ba\u011fl\u0131 il kurulu\u015flar\u0131, kaymakama ba\u011fl\u0131 il\u00e7e kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile do\u011frudan merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 ta\u015fra kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131ndan veya birka\u00e7\u0131ndan meydana gelecek \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
97. An\u0131lan maddenin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda bakanl\u0131k merkez, ta\u015fra te\u015fkilatlar\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 ve ilgili kurulu\u015flar\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik kademelerinin hizmetin \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar dikkate al\u0131nmak kayd\u0131yla bakanl\u0131k merkez te\u015fkilat\u0131nda bakan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, bakan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck, kurul ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya daire ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131; genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck veya kurul ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 daire ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131; ba\u011fl\u0131 kurulu\u015flarda genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck, daire ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ihtiyaca g\u00f6re kurulacak \u015fube m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ta\u015fra te\u015fkilat\u0131 b\u00f6lge kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u015fube m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya ba\u015fm\u00fchendislik, \u015feflik veya m\u00fchendislik; ta\u015fra te\u015fkilat\u0131 il kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda vali, il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u015fube m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u015feflik; ta\u015fra te\u015fkilat\u0131 il\u00e7e kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda kaymakam, il\u00e7e m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ihtiya\u00e7 bulunan il\u00e7elerde \u015fube m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u015feflik olarak d\u00fczenlenebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
98. Kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na ait kadro ve pozisyonlar\u0131n ihdas\u0131, iptali ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na dair esas ve usuller 10\/7\/2018 tarihli ve (2) numaral\u0131 Genel Kadro ve Usul\u00fc Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan CBK kapsam\u0131na giren kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n 14\/7\/1965 tarihli ve 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019na tabi memur kadrolar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu CBK\u2019ya ekli (I) say\u0131l\u0131 Cetvel\u2019de, h\u00e2kimlik ve savc\u0131l\u0131k mesleklerinde bulunanlara ve bu mesleklerden say\u0131lan g\u00f6revlere ait kadrolar (II) say\u0131l\u0131 Cetvel\u2019de, \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 kadrolar\u0131 (III) say\u0131l\u0131 Cetvel\u2019de, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli personel pozisyonlar\u0131 (IV) say\u0131l\u0131 Cetvel\u2019de ve i\u015f\u00e7i kadrolar\u0131 (V) say\u0131l\u0131 Cetvel\u2019de say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
99. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 11\/6\/2020 tarihli ve E.2018\/119, K.2020\/25 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n ihdas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle kadro usul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin idarenin te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili oldu\u011fu, idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revlerinin belirlenmesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, kadro ihdas\u0131n\u0131n kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine ili\u015fkin konulardan oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir (an\u0131lan kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 18-19).<\/p>\n
100. S\u00f6z konusu kararda ayr\u0131ca bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6revleri ve yetkileri, te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 ile merkez ve ta\u015fra te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 106. maddesinin on birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca CBK ile d\u00fczenlenebilece\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu ba\u011flamda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n CBK taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenece\u011fini \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fi an\u0131lan idarelerin kurulmas\u0131, kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6revleri ve yetkilerinin, te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131, merkez ve ta\u015fra te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ile d\u00fczenlenmesi kapsam\u0131nda, bu konularla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere CBK ile d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilece\u011fi, kadro ile te\u015fkilat aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n ili\u015fki oldu\u011fundan kadro belirlenmeden bir kurum ve kurulu\u015fun te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi belirtilerek kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkilat\u0131na, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla te\u015fkilata ve kadrolara ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131n CBK ile d\u00fczenlenebilece\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (an\u0131lan kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 25-28).<\/p>\n
101. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde bir te\u015fkil olu\u015fturulabilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011frudan kanun veya CBK\u2019da d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da bunlarda genel \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izilerek idareye yetki verilmesi suretiyle d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
102. Kadro veya te\u015fkil ihdas\u0131 veya iptali hususunda da y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131 ancak CBK ile do\u011frudan d\u00fczenleme yapabilir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda idareye kanun veya CBK\u2019da temel ilkeler belirlenmeden yetki tan\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
103. Kuralda ise an\u0131lan mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re kadrolar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve te\u015fkilat\u0131n belirlenmesinden ziyade garnizonda yeni kadrolar ile k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda te\u015fkillerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda Bakanl\u0131\u011fa do\u011frudan yetki verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
104. K\u0131ta, taktik ve idari birlikler ile kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 12. maddesinde farkl\u0131 birer te\u015fkil olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda kuralla Bakanl\u0131\u011fa bunlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda te\u015fkil kurma ya da kadro ihdas etme yetkisi verilmi\u015f ise de hangi durumlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yeni kadro ve te\u015fkil kurulabilece\u011fine ve kurulacak yeni kadro te\u015fkillerin te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki yerine ili\u015fkin olarak genel bir \u00e7er\u00e7evenin kuralda ya da kanun veya CBK\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
105. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 106. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 106. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 117. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
F. Kanun\u2019un 42. Maddesinin (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendiyle 926 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. Maddesinin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d, \u0130kinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d, (b) Bendiyle An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 89. Maddesinde Yer Alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin ve (g) bendiyle 926 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Ek 35. Maddesinin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n De\u011fi\u015ftirilen Birinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. 41. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d ve \u0130kinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
a. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
106. 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihinden sonra uygulanacak subay hizmet kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n, r\u00fctbesi ve s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (varsa bran\u015f\u0131) belirtilerek hizmet ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan bentte yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kurallardan ilkini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
107. S\u00f6z konusu Kanun\u2019un 49. maddesinde general ve amirallerin miktar\u0131 ile bunlara ili\u015fkin esaslar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle general ve amirallere ili\u015fkin kadrolar\u0131n kural\u0131n kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
108. Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde ise (a) bendine g\u00f6re tespit edilen kadrolar i\u00e7indeki albay miktar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l Y\u00fcksek Asker\u00ee \u015e\u00fbran\u0131n (YA\u015e) onay\u0131na sunulaca\u011f\u0131 ve YA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan miktar ile ilgili karar\u0131n al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ancak \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131 gere\u011fince tespit edilen albay kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n bu miktarlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
109. Ayr\u0131ca an\u0131lan maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihi itibar\u0131yla hizmet ihtiyac\u0131 sebebiyle kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen toplam albay miktar\u0131 ile bunlar\u0131n y\u0131llara, ne\u015fetlere, s\u0131n\u0131flara, bran\u015flara veya ihtisaslara g\u00f6re kontenjanlar\u0131, bu f\u0131kran\u0131n (I) ve (II) numaral\u0131 alt bentlerinde belirlenen oranlar\u0131 a\u015fmamak \u00fczere ve ne\u015fet mevcutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re dengeli da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde YA\u015e karar\u0131yla tespit edilecektir.<\/p>\n
110. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kran\u0131n (I) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ilk defa fiil\u00ee hizmet s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lacak albay miktar\u0131n\u0131n o y\u0131l hizmet kadrosu fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilecek toplam albay miktar\u0131n\u0131n %25\u2019ini, bunlar aras\u0131ndan m\u00fcteakip d\u00f6nemlerde uzat\u0131lacaklar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n ise bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde uzatma karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n %75\u2019ini ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. F\u0131kran\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde ise (I) numaral\u0131 alt bentte belirlenmi\u015f oranlara g\u00f6re hesaplanacak ilk defa fiil\u00ee hizmet s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lacak albay miktar\u0131n\u0131n, Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan TSK insan g\u00fcc\u00fc plan\u0131nda belirlenmi\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k subay yeti\u015ftirme miktar\u0131n\u0131n %3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu say\u0131ya kadar art\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (II) numaral\u0131 alt bentte yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu di\u011fer kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
111. Maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (c) bendinde de albaylardan YA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan o y\u0131l i\u00e7in hizmet kadrosu fazlas\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilen miktar kadar\u0131n\u0131n 50. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine g\u00f6re kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilece\u011fi ancak bunlardan 41. maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan esaslara g\u00f6re tefrik edilenlerin, kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilmeyecekleri ve YA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilen miktar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak fiil\u00ee hizmet s\u00fcrelerinin iki y\u0131l uzat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, bunlar\u0131n m\u00fcteakip y\u0131llarda da ayn\u0131 esaslarla hizmet s\u00fcrelerinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 50. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) ve (d) bentleri sakl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla bu bentteki esaslara g\u00f6re ayr\u0131ca YA\u015e karar\u0131 al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
112. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada YA\u015e\u2019\u0131n (I) ve (II) numaral\u0131 alt bentlerde belirtilen %25, %75 ve %3 oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya yetkili oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
113. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada ise hizmet kadrosu fazlas\u0131 olarak belirlenen albaylar ile daha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda fiil\u00ee hizmet s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f albaylara ili\u015fkin hususlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re her y\u0131l YA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan, hizmet kadrosu fazlas\u0131 olarak belirlenen albaylar ile daha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda fiil\u00ee hizmet s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f albaylara 54. maddede belirtilen esaslara g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirme notu verilir. Sicil notu ortalamas\u0131, sicil tam notunun %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00e2hil) \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 ve ilgilinin talep etmesi kayd\u0131yla hizmet ihtiyac\u0131, yeterlik notu ve YA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015f kontenjanlar esas al\u0131narak tefrik edilecek albaylar\u0131n fiil\u00ee hizmet s\u00fcreleri YA\u015e karar\u0131 ile (c) bendindeki esaslara g\u00f6re ya\u015f haddine kadar uzat\u0131labilir. G\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lmayanlar ise 50. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine g\u00f6re kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilirler.<\/p>\n
114. Be\u015finci f\u0131krada da hizmete devam ettirilen albaylardan kendi iste\u011fi \u00fczerine emekliye ayr\u0131lmak isteyenlerin 50. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine g\u00f6re kadrosuzluktan emekliye sevk edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
115. Subaylar hakk\u0131nda kadrosuzluk nedeniyle TSK\u2019dan ay\u0131rma i\u015flemleri 50. maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re 41. maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hizmet kadrosunu uygulayabilmek amac\u0131yla di\u011fer terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 haiz oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde bir \u00fcst r\u00fctbede kadro a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, takip eden y\u0131llarda da terfi edemeyen y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131lar subayl\u0131ktaki 21., binba\u015f\u0131lar subayl\u0131ktaki 22., yarbaylar subayl\u0131ktaki 25. fiil\u00ee hizmet y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 doldurduklar\u0131nda emekliye sevk edilirler. Gecikmeli olarak bir \u00fcst r\u00fctbeye terfi eden y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131lar, binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesinde 22., binba\u015f\u0131lar ise yarbay r\u00fctbesinde 25. subayl\u0131k hizmet y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 doldursalar dahi emekliye sevk edilmezler ve bu r\u00fctbelerin normal bekleme s\u00fcresi sonuna kadar hizmete devam ettirilirler. Bunlar yeni r\u00fctbelerinin bekleme s\u00fcresi sonunda ve izleyen iki y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 defa de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutulur ve terfi edemedikleri takdirde emekliye sevk edilirler. Binba\u015f\u0131 ve yarbay r\u00fctbelerinde terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 haiz olduklar\u0131 h\u00e2lde terfi edemeyip bekleyenlerin miktar\u0131, 41. madde esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re o r\u00fctbenin tespit edilen kadrosunun y\u00fczde 10’unu ge\u00e7emez; ge\u00e7ti\u011fi takdirde derece ve kademesine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n en eski tarihli atananlardan ve yeterlik durumu en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olanlardan ba\u015flanmak suretiyle yeteri kadar\u0131 emekliye sevk edilir. Bekleme s\u00fcresi sonunda veya sonraki y\u0131llarda bir \u00fcst r\u00fctbeye y\u00fckselemeyen albaylar\u0131n subayl\u0131\u011fa atama tarihi en eski ve ayn\u0131 tarihli olanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u00f6ncelikle 38. ve ek 1. maddelerde belirtilen terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 haiz olmayanlardan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere yeteri kadar\u0131 emekliye sevk edilir.<\/p>\n
116. 50. maddede ayr\u0131ca bu \u015fekilde emeklilik i\u015flemine; terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan, YA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan tu\u011fgeneral-tu\u011famiral y\u0131l kontenjan\u0131 verilen s\u0131n\u0131flarda olduklar\u0131 ve r\u00fctbe terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 h\u00e2lde \u00fcst r\u00fctbe kadrosunda a\u00e7\u0131k bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in terfi edememi\u015f olan, terfi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 h\u00e2lde YA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan tu\u011fgeneral-tu\u011famiral y\u0131l kontenjan\u0131 verilmeyen s\u0131n\u0131flarda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in YA\u015e\u2019\u00e7a de\u011ferlendirmeye girmeyen albaylar\u0131n, sicil notu ortalamas\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olanlardan ba\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
117. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinde ve (c) bendiyle an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik gerek\u00e7elerle kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 117., 118., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
118. Kurallarda general ve amiral d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki subaylara ait kadrolar\u0131n tespiti ile ilk defa fiil\u00ee hizmet s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lacak albay miktar\u0131n\u0131n TSK insan g\u00fcc\u00fc plan\u0131nda belirlenmi\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k subay yeti\u015ftirme miktar\u0131n\u0131n %3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu say\u0131ya kadar art\u0131rma hususunda Bakanl\u0131\u011fa yetki tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
119. 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (y) bendinde kadro \u201cBar\u0131\u015fta T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin hizmetlerini etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctebilmek i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu personelin r\u00fctbe, s\u0131n\u0131f ve varsa bran\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re tespit edilen miktar\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
120. \u00a0(2) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 14. maddesinde TSK\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan CBK\u2019ya ekli (I), (IV) ve (V) say\u0131l\u0131 Cetvellerde d\u00fczenlenenler haricindeki personelinin gelecek y\u0131la ili\u015fkin kadro ve pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n, bu CBK h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunulan mali y\u0131l\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 sonuna kadar Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca onaylanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
121. Bu kapsamda her y\u0131l TSK\u2019n\u0131n gelecek y\u0131la ili\u015fkin subay ve astsubay kadrolar\u0131 (2) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 14. maddesine g\u00f6re i\u00e7inde bulunulan mali y\u0131l\u0131n kas\u0131m ay\u0131 sonuna kadar Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131 ile belirlenmektedir. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu kadrolar\u0131 art\u0131rma, eksiltme veya bu kadrolarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapma yetkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
122. Kurallarda belirtilen husustaki yetkiler kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca kullan\u0131lmakta iken kurallarla bu yetkilerin Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
123. 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kurallar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
124. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 7. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddeleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 7. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. ve 128. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. 89. Maddede Yer Alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
a. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
125. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinde ve (c) bendiyle an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 117., 118., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
126. TSK\u2019n\u0131n gelecek y\u0131la ili\u015fkin astsubay kadrolar\u0131 (2) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 14. maddesine g\u00f6re Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131 ile belirlenmektedir. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu kadrolar\u0131 art\u0131rma, eksiltme veya bu kadrolarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapma yetkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
127. 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde ise Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131na ait astsubay kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihine kadar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (varsa bran\u015f\u0131) belirtilerek Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddede yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
128. An\u0131lan husustaki yetkiler kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca kullan\u0131lmakta iken kuralla bu yetkilerin Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
129. 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
130. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 7. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddeleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 7. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. ve 128. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ek 35. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n De\u011fi\u015ftirilen Birinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,…\u201d \u0130baresi<\/p>\n
a. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
131. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinde ve (c) bendiyle an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 117., 118., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
132. 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ek 35. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde itibari r\u00fctbenin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6reve atananlara Bakanl\u0131k, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6revle g\u00f6revlendirilenlere ilgili kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilebilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
133. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlelerinde de itibari r\u00fctbe alan personelin bu r\u00fctbenin sahip oldu\u011fu yetkileri sadece yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke personeline kar\u015f\u0131 mevcut uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullanaca\u011f\u0131, itibari r\u00fctbeden dolay\u0131 maa\u015f fark\u0131 veya ilave tazminat \u00f6denmeyece\u011fi ve bu personele ger\u00e7ek r\u00fctbesinin \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131n\u0131n verilece\u011fi, itibari r\u00fctbenin personelin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli veya ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6revi sona erdi\u011finde son bulaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
134. 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (z) bendinde ise itibari r\u00fctbe, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli veya ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6revlere atanan ya da g\u00f6revlendirilen subay ve astsubaylara, \u00f6zellik arz eden durumlarda, g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresince r\u00fctbesinin bir \u00fcst r\u00fctbesinde verilen r\u00fctbe olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
135. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin gerek\u00e7esinde yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli veya ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6revlere atanan ya da g\u00f6revlendirilen subay ve astsubaylara, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan durumlarda TSK\u2019y\u0131 daha etkin bir r\u00fctbe ile temsil etmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flamak maksad\u0131yla h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda NATO \u00fcyesi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede mevcut olan itibari r\u00fctbe uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n ihdas edildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
136. Subay ve astsubaylar\u0131n yerine getirmekte oldu\u011fu g\u00f6revin niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi anlam\u0131nda di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlisi kapsam\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddede bu ki\u015filerin itibari r\u00fctbenin sahip oldu\u011fu yetkileri sadece yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke personeline kar\u015f\u0131 mevcut uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullanaca\u011f\u0131, itibari r\u00fctbeden dolay\u0131 maa\u015f fark\u0131n\u0131n veya ilave tazminat\u0131n \u00f6denmeyece\u011fi ve bunlara ger\u00e7ek r\u00fctbesinin \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131n\u0131n verilece\u011fi, itibari r\u00fctbenin, personelin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli veya ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6revi sona erdi\u011finde son bulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu kamu personelinin nitelikleri, atanmalar\u0131, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, ayl\u0131k ve \u00f6denekleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri ile ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu itibarla kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesinin ikinci kapsam\u0131nda kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken konulara ili\u015fkin de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla itibari r\u00fctbe verilmesi konusunda Bakanl\u0131\u011fa geni\u015f bir takdir yetkisinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 yasama yetkisinin devri niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
137. Bununla birlikte hukuk devleti ilkesi gere\u011fince yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gereklidir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. (AYM, E.2023\/35, K.2023\/163, 28\/09\/2023, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
138. Kanun\u2019un dava konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ek 35. maddesinde itibari r\u00fctbenin niteli\u011fi, \u015fartlar\u0131, kapsam ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6reve atananlara itibari r\u00fctbe verilmesi hususunda Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkili k\u0131lan kuralda herhangi bir belirsizli\u011fin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kural\u0131n kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
139. Ayr\u0131ca 3. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (z) bendinin gerek\u00e7esi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde itibari r\u00fctbenin TSK\u2019n\u0131n daha etkin bir r\u00fctbe ile temsil edilmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ihdas edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kuralda kamu yarar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir amac\u0131n bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
140. \u00d6te yandan kuralla yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revlendirilenlere itibari r\u00fctbe verilmesi hususunda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 yerine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkilendirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan incelemede, 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerin bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
141. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 117. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 117. ve 128. maddeleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131 bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. ve 123. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
G. Kanun\u2019un 42. Maddesinin (3) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendiyle 2941 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. Maddesinin \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc F\u0131kras\u0131na Eklenen \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlenin ve (b) Bendiyle An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 5. Maddesinin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (4) Numaral\u0131 Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de dikkate alarak…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de alarak…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. 4. Maddenin \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc F\u0131kras\u0131na Eklenen \u0130kinci C\u00fcmle<\/p>\n
a. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
142. 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un amac\u0131n\u0131n devletin t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f h\u00e2linden seferberlik ve sava\u015f durumuna s\u00fcratle ve etkin bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7irmek suretiyle bar\u0131\u015ftan itibaren seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanma esaslar\u0131na ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri belirlemek oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesine g\u00f6re de Kanun, seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2lini, bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminden itibaren yap\u0131lacak haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve te\u015fkilatlanmay\u0131, kamu ve \u00f6zel kurum ve kurulu\u015flar ile ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal ve hizmet y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
143. Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinde seferberlik, devletin t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fta asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, sava\u015f\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, toplanmas\u0131, tertiplenmesi ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin b\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyetlerin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin kanunlarla k\u0131smen veya tamamen s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2l; genel seferberlik, \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir tehdidin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, mevcut b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde uygulanan seferberlik; k\u0131smi seferberlik, \u00fclkenin bir veya birden fazla b\u00f6lgesinde uygulanan ve b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmeyen seferberlik; seferberlik h\u00e2li de seferberlik faaliyetinin ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn ve saatten, kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne kadar devam eden durum; sava\u015f, devletin bekas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek, mill\u00ee menfaatleri sa\u011flamak ve mill\u00ee hedefleri elde etmek amac\u0131yla, ba\u015fta asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere devletin maddi ve manevi t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya tabi tutulmadan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele; sava\u015f h\u00e2li, sava\u015f ilan\u0131na karar verilmesinden, bu h\u00e2lin kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilan edilmesine kadar devam eden s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin kanunlarla k\u0131smen veya tamamen s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durum olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
144. 4. maddenin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2li ile bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemler i\u00e7in mevcut te\u015fkilatlanma da dikkate al\u0131narak, kamu ve \u00f6zel kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6revler verilecek, bunlardan gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerde te\u015fkilat kurulacak, mevcut kanunlardaki h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ilave olarak seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2linin gerektirdi\u011fi g\u00f6revler Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikte belirlenecektir. An\u0131lan maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde TSK\u2019da seferberlik i\u015flemleriyle ilgili kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanman\u0131n, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenece\u011fi, dava konusu ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise belirlenen bu kadro ve te\u015fkilat\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a onaylanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
145. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinde ve (c) bendiyle an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 117., 118., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
146. \u00a0(1) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 339\/A maddesinde ise seferberlik sistemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi konular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmak ve tekliflerde bulunmak, TSK\u2019n\u0131n seferberlik ve sava\u015f h\u00e2li haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili faaliyetlerini, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n planlamas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda; kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131, ilgili bakanl\u0131klar, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile koordine etmek Bakanl\u0131k b\u00fcnyesinde bulunan Askeralma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
147. Kuralla TSK\u2019da seferberlik i\u015flemleriyle ilgili olarak Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenen kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanman\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a onaylanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
148. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 12. maddesi ile (1) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 337. ve 509. maddeleriyle ilgili makamlara kendi te\u015fkilat yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
149. Bakanl\u0131k veya Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, (2) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 14. maddesine g\u00f6re Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n nihai onay\u0131 ile belirlenen kadrolar\u0131 art\u0131rma, eksiltme veya kadrolarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapma yetkisine sahip de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
150. 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesine g\u00f6re Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131lan mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini de dikkate alarak seferberlik i\u015flemleriyle ilgili olarak TSK\u2019n\u0131n ne \u015fekilde te\u015fkilatland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kadrolar\u0131n nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131t\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleme yetkisine sahiptir. Kurala g\u00f6re de Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenen kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n onay\u0131na tabidir.<\/p>\n
151. \u00a0Bu kapsamda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan TSK\u2019da seferberlik i\u015flemleriyle ilgili olarak belirlenen kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanman\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik olarak \u00fcst makam olan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n onay\u0131na tabi k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131nda idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi ile Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin komutan\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 nam\u0131na Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini yerine getirece\u011fine ili\u015fkin anayasal d\u00fczenlemelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
152. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 7. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddeleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 7. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. ve 128. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. 5. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (4) Numaral\u0131 Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de dikkate alarak…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de alarak…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
a. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
153. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu milletleraras\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde, TSK\u2019n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6nderilmesinin veya yabanc\u0131 silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmas\u0131 hususunda ilk elden tam ve do\u011fru bilgi sahibi olan makam\u0131n silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin komutan\u0131 ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu \u00fcyesi olan Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu, buna kar\u015f\u0131n dava konusu kuralla idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak i\u00e7 i\u015fleyi\u015fi, asker\u00ee hiyerar\u015fiyi ve disiplini bozacak \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirme yetkisinin Bakana verildi\u011fi, bu durumun Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi de bozdu\u011fu ve hukuk devleti ilkesini ihlal etti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 117., 118. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
154. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 92. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
155. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 92. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cMilletleraras\u0131 hukukun me\u015fr\u00fb sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde sava\u015f hali il\u00e2n\u0131na ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fmalar\u0131n veya milletleraras\u0131 nezaket kurallar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6nderilmesine veya yabanc\u0131 silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmas\u0131na izin verme yetkisi T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
156. Bu kapsamda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalar\u0131n veya milletleraras\u0131 nezaket kurallar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6nderilmesine veya yabanc\u0131 silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmas\u0131na izin verme hususunda TBMM\u2019nin karar vermesi gerekmez.<\/p>\n
157. Kanun koyucu da 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (4) numaral\u0131 bendi ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6nderilmesi veya yabanc\u0131 silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmas\u0131 hususunda karar vermede Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na yetki tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
158. Kural ise Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bu yetkisini kullanmadan \u00f6nce Bakan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc almas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
159. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu yetkisi milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi h\u00e2llere ili\u015fkindir. Bu hususta Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 92. maddesinde k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yasama yetkisinin aslili\u011fi ve genelli\u011fi ilkeleri ile takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda kanun koyucunun Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 yetkili k\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte an\u0131lan ilkeler kapsam\u0131nda kanun koyucu, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bu yetkiyi kullanmadan \u00f6nce Bakan\u0131n isti\u015fari nitelikteki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilir.<\/p>\n
160. Ayr\u0131ca kuralla s\u00f6z konusu yetkinin Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 yerine Bakana verilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan incelemede, 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerin bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
161. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 92., 117. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u011e. Kanun\u2019un 42. Maddesinin (6) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendiyle 4678 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. Maddesinin \u0130kinci F\u0131kras\u0131nda Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…ilgisine g\u00f6re Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p>\n
162. 4678 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli astsubay adaylar\u0131, \u00f6n s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131larak asker\u00ee e\u011fitime al\u0131n\u0131rlar ve bu e\u011fitimi ba\u015far\u0131 ile tamamlayanlardan y\u00f6netmelikte belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlarla s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filer astsubay \u00e7avu\u015f r\u00fctbesine nasbedilirler. Bu ki\u015filerin s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcreleri \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan az ve dokuz y\u0131ldan fazla olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla, hizmet gerekleri ve yeti\u015ftirme maliyetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kuvvet, s\u0131n\u0131f ve bran\u015flara g\u00f6re y\u00f6netmelikte belirlenir. Y\u00f6netmelikte belirlenen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131n talepleri h\u00e2linde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri yenilenebilir. Ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli astsubaylardan r\u00fctbe ya\u015f haddini dolduranlar hakk\u0131nda 8\/6\/1949 tarihli ve 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 Emekli Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
163. An\u0131lan maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcrelerinin; seferberlik, sava\u015f veya silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektirecek h\u00e2l ile sava\u015f h\u00e2llerinde Kuvvet Komutanlar\u0131, Jandarma Genel Komutan\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterece\u011fi l\u00fczum \u00fczerine, durumun devam\u0131 m\u00fcddetince ilgisine g\u00f6re Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131 ile talebe bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzat\u0131labilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan f\u0131krada yer alan \u201c\u2026Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
164. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinde ve (c) bendiyle an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7., 117., 118., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
165. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 70. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
166. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130kinci K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde \u201cIV. Kamu hizmetlerine girme hakk\u0131\u201d \u00fcst ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda 70. Maddede kamu hizmetlerine girme hakk\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir. \u201cHizmete girme\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHer T\u00fcrk, kamu hizmetlerine girme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle hakk\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise \u201cHizmete al\u0131nmada, g\u00f6revin gerektirdi\u011fi niteliklerden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilemez.\u201d Denilmek suretiyle hizmete al\u0131nmada sadece g\u00f6revin gerektirdi\u011fi nitelikler itibar\u0131yla ayr\u0131m yap\u0131labilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi an\u0131lan hakk\u0131n sadece kamu hizmetlerine girmeyi de\u011fil kamu hizmetlerinde bulunmay\u0131 da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2021\/104, K.2021\/87, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 42-48; E.2022\/152, K.2023\/66, 5\/4\/2023, \u00a7 13). Kamu hizmetinden ayr\u0131lman\u0131n da an\u0131lan hak kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
167. Kural seferberlik, sava\u015f veya silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektirecek h\u00e2l ile sava\u015f durumunda astsubaylar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin taleplerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 hususunda idareye yetki vermek suretiyle bu ki\u015filerin zorunlu olarak kamu hizmetinde bulunmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle kuralla kamu hizmetine girme hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
168. Kuralda s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren h\u00e2ller bunun kapsam ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
169. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik hizmetleri, yurt i\u00e7inden veya yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u00fclkeye y\u00f6nelecek sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin her zaman haz\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu tehditlere en k\u0131sa zamanda m\u00fcdahale edebilecek durumda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Bu kapsamda r\u00fctbe, s\u0131n\u0131f ve say\u0131 itibariyle yeterli say\u0131da asker\u00ee personelin \u00fclkeye y\u00f6nelebilecek i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131r bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
170. Kuralla sava\u015f, seferberlik ve silah kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren \u00f6nemli durumlarda astsubaylar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemlerde \u00fclke savunmas\u0131n\u0131n etkili \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n me\u015fru amaca y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
171. Kuralla s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli astsubaylar\u0131n kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcrelerinin sona ermesine ra\u011fmen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00f6nemlerde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nmak suretiyle an\u0131lan d\u00f6nemlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek personel ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n giderilerek \u00fclke savunmas\u0131n\u0131n etkili bir \u015fekilde yerine getirilebilmesinin sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n an\u0131lan me\u015fru amaca ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli ve gerekli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
172. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra s\u00f6z konusu kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin zorunlu olarak uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n seferberlik, sava\u015f veya silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektirecek h\u00e2l ile sava\u015f durumu gibi olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 durumlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi ve bu d\u00f6nemlerde de \u00f6nceden oldu\u011fu gibi bu ki\u015filerin mali ve sosyal haklardan yararlanmaya devam edecekleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen me\u015fru amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinden kaynaklanan kamusal yarar ile ilgililerin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle katlanacaklar\u0131 k\u00fclfet aras\u0131nda makul dengenin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu nedenle kuralla kamu hizmetine girme hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
173. Ayr\u0131ca kuralla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 yetkisinin Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerine ilgisine g\u00f6re \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya Bakanl\u0131\u011fa verilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan incelemede, 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerin bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
174. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 70. ve 117. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7. ve 128. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 70. ve 117. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 7. ve 128. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 118. ve 123. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130PTAL\u0130N D\u0130\u011eER KURALLARA ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/p>\n
175. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda kanunun Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin veya TBMM \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn belirli kurallar\u0131n\u0131n iptali, di\u011fer kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furuyorsa bunlar\u0131n da Anayasa Mahkemesince iptaline karar verilebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
176. 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin iptali nedeniyle uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalmayan an\u0131lan c\u00fcmlenin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince iptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
V. \u0130PTAL KARARININ Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RECE\u011e\u0130 G\u00dcN SORUNU<\/p>\n
177. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201dKanun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da bunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, iptal kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar. Gereken hallerde Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu tarih, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.\u201d denilmekte, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu kural tekrarlanmak suretiyle Anayasa Mahkemesinin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
178. 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesiyle 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesine eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde…\u201d ibaresi ile 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ibare de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lan ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin iptal edilmeleri nedeniyle do\u011facak hukuksal bo\u015fluk kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek nitelikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince bu ibare ve c\u00fcmleye ili\u015fkin iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
VI. Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN DURDURULMASI TALEB\u0130<\/p>\n
179. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kurallar\u0131n uygulanmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde telafisi g\u00fc\u00e7 veya imk\u00e2ns\u0131z zararlar\u0131n do\u011fabilece\u011fi belirtilerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. 1. 31. maddesiyle 11\/4\/2002 tarihli ve 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Astsubay Meslek Y\u00fcksek Okullar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 20. maddesine eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde…\u201d ibaresine,<\/p>\n
2. 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 211 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri \u0130\u00e7 Hizmet Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
y\u00f6nelik iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmelerinin ertelenmeleri nedeniyle bu ibareye ve de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. 1. 8. maddesiyle 27\/7\/1967 tarihli ve 926 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…disiplin amirleri de\u011fildirler.\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…disiplin amiridir.\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
2. 20. maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, Emekli Astsubaylar, Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile Muharip Gaziler Dernekleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresine,<\/p>\n
3. 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresine,<\/p>\n
4. 24. maddesiyle 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Seferberlik ve Sava\u015f Hali Kanunu\u2019nun 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
5. 42. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan\u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
ii. (c) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
b. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. (a) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
\u00a0(1). Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2). \u0130kinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
ii. (b) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
iii. (g) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ek 35. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,…\u201d ibaresine,<\/p>\n
c. (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. (a) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmleye,<\/p>\n
ii. (b) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (4) numaral\u0131 bendinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de dikkate alarak…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de alarak…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
\u00e7. (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 13\/6\/2001 tarihli ve 4678 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinde \u0130stihdam Edilecek S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli Subay ve Astsubaylar Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…ilgisine g\u00f6re Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine,<\/p>\n
y\u00f6nelik iptal talepleri 17\/10\/2024 tarihli ve E.2021\/44, K.2024\/172 say\u0131l\u0131 kararla reddedildi\u011finden bu c\u00fcmleye, ibarelere ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. 24. maddesiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer alan \u201cGenelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201cMilli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik iptal talebi hakk\u0131nda 17\/10\/2024 tarihli ve E.2021\/44, K.2024\/172 say\u0131l\u0131 kararla karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verildi\u011finden bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 talebi hakk\u0131nda KARAR VER\u0130LMES\u0130NE YER OLMADI\u011eINA,<\/p>\n
17\/10\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VII. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A. 8. maddesiyle 27\/7\/1967 tarihli ve 926 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…disiplin amirleri de\u011fildirler.\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…disiplin amiridir.\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. 20. maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, Emekli Astsubaylar, Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile Muharip Gaziler Dernekleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 65. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 65. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
\u00c7. 24. maddesiyle 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Seferberlik ve Sava\u015f Hali Kanunu\u2019nun 7. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer alan \u201cGenelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201cMilli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131nda KARAR VER\u0130LMES\u0130NE YER OLMADI\u011eINA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
2. Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
D. 31. maddesiyle 11\/4\/2002 tarihli ve 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Astsubay Meslek Y\u00fcksek Okullar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 20. maddesine eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ile Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
E. 42. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
1. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
a. (b) bendiyle 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 211 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri \u0130\u00e7 Hizmet Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
i. Birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
ii. (1). \u0130kinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2). \u0130kinci c\u00fcmlesinin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
b. (c) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
2. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
a. (a) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
i. Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
ii. \u0130kinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131na ve iptal taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
b. (b) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
c. (g) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ek 35. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
3. (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
a. (a) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmlenin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
b. (b) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (4) numaral\u0131 bendinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de dikkate alarak…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de alarak…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
4. (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 13\/6\/2001 tarihli ve 4678 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinde \u0130stihdam Edilecek S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli Subay ve Astsubaylar Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…ilgisine g\u00f6re Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
17\/10\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOYLAR VE FARKLI GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
I) KAR\u015eIOYLARIM<\/p>\n
1. 18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanunla yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin iptal isteminin reddine ili\u015fkin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan konulardaki \u00e7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esine kat\u0131lam\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
A) Kanunun 20. maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, Emekli Astsubaylar, Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile Muharip Gaziler Dernekleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresi ile Kanunun 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresi<\/p>\n
2. \u0130ncelenen kural ile dernek kurmak isteyen kimseler tek tip bir dernek kurmaya veya \u00fcye olmaya mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kanuna g\u00f6re silahl\u0131 kuvvetler personeli olarak emekli olan kimseler ismi dahi belirlenmi\u015f olan tek bir derne\u011fin \u00fcyesi olmak zorundad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Devletin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahil olmamas\u0131, aksine \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 konusunda pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmesi gerekir. \u0130ncelenen kuralda ise ayn\u0131 veya benzer kurumlardan emekli olanlar\u0131n anayasal dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine m\u00fcdahale edilip kurulu\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensiplerini d\u00fczenleyen t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dahi empoze edilmi\u015f tek bir derne\u011fe \u00fcye olmalar\u0131 zorunlu tutulmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenleme \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn negatif boyutu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011findedir. Devlet Kanundaki bu kural ile, temel haklar kuram\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda temel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe m\u00fcdahale etmeme\u201d g\u00f6revine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle kural\u0131n iptal edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
3. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesi uyar\u0131nca herkes \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiptir. incelemeye konu kurallarda ise hukuki sonucuyla ilgili bir belirleme yap\u0131lmamakla birlikte askerlik mesle\u011fi boyutu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130lk olarak belirtelim ki demokratik bir toplumda herhangi bir kurumdan emekli olup dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip vatanda\u015flar\u0131n kuraca\u011f\u0131 derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f al\u0131nmas\u0131na neden ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Bu durum kural\u0131n me\u015fru amac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130kincisi, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ne i\u00e7in al\u0131n\u0131r? Dernek T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yasaya uygunlu\u011fu i\u00e7in olamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu husus ilgili Kanunlar\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde zaten yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada kastedilen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin mesleki gereklilikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn denetlenmesi ve uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda uygunluk sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Kuralda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yer almam\u0131\u015f ise de idari s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde bu uyumun idarenin yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fcyle sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Kurallar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a tabi olarak kurulan derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmas\u0131 ve dernek t\u00fcz\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle ilgili yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemin, 27\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 59. maddesiyle uyumlu h\u00e2le getirilmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte Medeni Kanun ve Dernekler Kanununda derneklerle ilgili genel kurallardan ayr\u0131lma sonucunu do\u011furan bu s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebinin me\u015fru amac\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan kurallara konu dernek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n askerlik hizmeti yapm\u0131\u015f kimseler ile yak\u0131nlar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33\/6. maddesindeki silahl\u0131 kuvvetleri mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi nedenlere dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Ancak dernek kurucu ve \u00fcyelerinin halen silahl\u0131 kuvvetler mensubu olmayan kimselerden te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeninin de Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durumda a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7eler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda an\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n demokratik toplumda zorunlu bir ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011finden kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. ve 13. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve iptal edilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
B. Kanunun 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 4\/1\/1961 tarihli ve 211 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri \u0130\u00e7 Hizmet Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesindeki ve (c) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
5. \u0130ncelemeye konu kurallar ile garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin yetki de\u011fi\u015ftirilmektedir. De\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6ncesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususunda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131na ait iken bu yetki, de\u011fi\u015fen kurallarla Bakanl\u0131\u011fa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fczenlemeinn 1 Numaral\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda CBK\u2019n\u0131n 338. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim 338. madde ile Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ile Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131na ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 ve sorumlu olduklar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bununla birlikte Anayasan\u0131n 117. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015fik 3. f\u0131kras\u0131nda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerin komutan\u0131 oldu\u011funun belirtildi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, kanunla yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin bu Anayasa kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Anayasan\u0131n 123. maddesi uyar\u0131nca idare kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Anayasal bir ilke olan idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinin gere\u011fi olarak idarenin alt ve \u00fcst birimlerinin bir uyum ve ahenk i\u00e7erisinde faaliyet g\u00f6sterebilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan hukuki ara\u00e7lardan biri hiyerar\u015fi yetkisidir. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 idari te\u015fkilat i\u00e7erisindeki Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin komutan\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan ve idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinden kaynaklanan hiyerar\u015fik yetkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu hiyerar\u015fik yetki Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunla yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelerde bu durumun g\u00f6zetilmesi zorunludur. Garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin belirlenmesinin Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hiyerar\u015fi yetkisi i\u00e7erisinde bir konu oldu\u011fu ve bu yetkinin o yerdeki askeri makamlar\u0131n hiyerar\u015fileri g\u00f6zetilerek belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 gere\u011fi dahi duyulmadan yetkinin do\u011frudan Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131na verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 117. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in iptal edilmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeyim.<\/p>\n
C. 42. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. Maddesinin Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, yine ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve 42. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
7. Kurallarda s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kadrolar\u0131n tespit edilmesi, albay miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir orana kadar art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, astsubay kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l tespit edilmesi konular\u0131nda Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na yetki verilmesi, kamu g\u00f6revinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle ilgili olarak kadro ihdas\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. Kadro ihdas\u0131 ise bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesiyle, di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fcyle 123. maddesiyle, ilgilidir. Anayasan\u0131n 123\/1. maddesinde idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmektedir. AYM daha \u00f6nce verdi\u011fi bir kararda kadronun bir kurumun kurulu\u015funun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir (AYM 1965\/32 E. \u2013 1966\/3 K. 4.2.1966).<\/p>\n
8. \u0130kinci olarak kadrolar\u0131n ve kamu personelinin maa\u015f, sosyal haklar ve benzeri \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131yla ilgili d\u00fczenlemelerin Anayasan\u0131n 128. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Anayasan\u0131n 128. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u201cMemurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin nitelikleri, atanmalar\u0131, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, ayl\u0131k ve \u00f6denekleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir\u201d. Bu husus Mahkememizin bir karar\u0131nda; \u201ckadro derecesi ile personelin \u00f6zellikle ayl\u0131k ve \u00f6denekleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131 bir ba\u011f bulunmaktad\u0131r\u201d (AYM, E.2005\/139, K.2007\/33, 22\/3\/2007) \u015feklinde ifade edilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uyar\u0131nca kadrolara ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 anayasal bir zorunluluktur.<\/p>\n
9. Ayr\u0131ca yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00e7e\u015fitli kararlar\u0131nda kadro ihdas\u0131 konusunun kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtti\u011fi gibi, kadro d\u00fczenlemesini b\u00fct\u00e7e hakk\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirerek yasama alan\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir konu olarak da de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (bkz. AYM 2016\/47 E. \u2013 2018\/10, 14.2.2018, par. 35-36; AYM 2013\/24 E. \u2013 2013\/133, 14.11.2013; AYM 1987\/21 E. \u2013 1988\/25 K. 28.6.1988). G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere AYM kararlar\u0131nda kadro ihdas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7e hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda (AY 87, 162) g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
10. Di\u011fer taraftan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123., 128. ve 162. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken bir konuda idareye yetki vererek Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n yasama yetkisinin devredilemeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin 7. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edilmi\u015ftir. Belirtilen nedenlerle kurallar\u0131n iptal edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
II. FARKLI GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
11. 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 46. Maddesinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin iptal karar\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m ek gerek\u00e7e ile birlik kat\u0131lmaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
12. Yukar\u0131da kadro ihdas\u0131yla ilgili olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m gerek\u00e7eler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamu kurumlar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revlere ili\u015fkin olarak kadro olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi uyar\u0131nca da kanunla d\u00fczenlemeyi zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim ayn\u0131 yerde de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere bu husus Anayasa Mahkemesinin bir karar\u0131nda; \u201ckadro derecesi ile personelin \u00f6zellikle ayl\u0131k ve \u00f6denekleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131 bir ba\u011f bulunmaktad\u0131r\u201d (AYM, E.2005\/139, K.2007\/33, 22\/3\/2007). Kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken bir konunun idareye yetki verilerek d\u00fczenlenmesi ise yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi \u015feklindeki Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla incelenen kural\u0131n iptal edilmesinin, belirtilen Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k nedenleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da zorunlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
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Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
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KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
A) Kanun\u2019un 20. Maddesiyle 2847 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. Maddesinin De\u011fi\u015ftirilen Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d \u0130baresi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
1. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde bu Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilece\u011fi; ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesiyle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan dernek hakk\u0131; bireylerin kendi menfaatlerini korumak ve savunmak, ideallerini ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kolektif olu\u015fumlar meydana getirerek bir araya gelebilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi korkmadan, engellenmeden a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede dernek hakk\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2021\/59, K.2021\/90, 16\/12\/2021, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
3. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u015fekli veya \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6n\u00fc olan dernek hakk\u0131; ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra derne\u011fe \u00fcye olma, derne\u011fin etkinliklerine kat\u0131lma ve mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n menfaatlerini korumak \u00fczere faaliyetlerde bulunma gibi haklar\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir. Dernekler ise belirli bir amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ya da izlenmesi i\u00e7in ki\u015filerin bilgi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak birle\u015ftirdikleri, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filikle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 33. maddesi temel olarak dernek hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 korunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 102).<\/p>\n
4. Dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kayd\u0131yla ilgili derne\u011fin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn incelenmesi a\u015famas\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. \u0130lgili Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fclki amir a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda Kanunda bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamakla beraber ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmesi derne\u011fin kurulmas\u0131na \u00f6nleyebilir.<\/p>\n
5. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
6. Kural\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a tabi olarak kurulan derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmas\u0131 ve dernek t\u00fcz\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle ilgili yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemin, 27\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 59. maddesiyle uyumlu h\u00e2le getirilmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddeye g\u00f6re dernekler, kurulu\u015f bildirimini, dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve gerekli belgeleri yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk\u00ee amirine verdikleri anda t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
7. Kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lanlar ile bunlar\u0131n e\u015fleri ve dul ve yetimlerinden olu\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra incelenmesi yoluyla dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cBirinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler ve kolluk kuvvetleri mensuplar\u0131na\u2026 kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmesine engel de\u011fildir\u201d \u015feklindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan derneklerin kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri art\u0131k TSK mensubu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
8. Kanun kapsam\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gazileri \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri Derne\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler Derne\u011fi hen\u00fcz TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f asker ki\u015filerin de bu derneklerin kurucusu veya \u00fcyesi olabilecekleri g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle beraber bu derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerini kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n bu t\u00fcz\u00fck ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi ve derne\u011fin feshine y\u00f6nelik bir s\u00fcrecin de bulundu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kural\u0131n bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle zorunlu demokratik bir ihtiyac\u0131 da kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
B) Kanun\u2019un 23. Maddesiyle 2847 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a Eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 4. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) Bendinin \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d \u0130baresi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
10. 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresiyle ilgili yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fim gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fundan, kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C) Kanunun 46. Maddesinin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Birinci C\u00fcmlesinde ve 50. Maddesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130barelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
11. Dava konusu kurallar \u00f6ncesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususunda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131na ait iken bu yetki kurallarla Bakanl\u0131\u011fa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesinde \u201cYasama yetkisi T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir. Bu yetki devredilemez.\u201d denilmektedir. Yasama yetkisinin T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine ait olmas\u0131 ve bu yetkinin devredilememesi, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesinin bir gere\u011fidir. Bu h\u00fckme yer veren Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde yasama yetkisinin parlamentoya ait olmas\u0131 “demokrasi rejimini benimseyen siyasi rejimlerde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir durum” olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, gerek\u00e7ede “Millet ad\u0131na kanun koyma yetkisini yasama meclisi yerine getirir. Bu yetki devredilemez. Ancak, Anayasan\u0131n 99 ve 129 uncu maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r” denilmek suretiyle bu ilkenin anlam\u0131 ve istisnalar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Madde gerek\u00e7esinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere yasama yetkisinin devredilemezli\u011fi, esasen kanun koyma yetkisinin TBMM d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir organca kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesi ile yasaklanan, kanun yapma yetkisinin devredilmesidir (AYM, E.2021\/73, K.2022\/51, 21\/04\/2022, \u00a7 15; E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 21).<\/p>\n
13. Kanun koyucunun belli bir konuda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131 yetkilendirmesi yeterli olmakla birlikte Anayasa\u2019da kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na bireysel veya d\u00fczenleyici bir i\u015flem yapma yetkisi verilmesi yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturabilmektedir. Bu nedenle Anayasa\u2019da temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, vergi ve benzeri mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin konmas\u0131 ve memurlar\u0131n atanmas\u0131, \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 gibi m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda kanunun temel esaslar\u0131, ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi belirlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin olarak benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 22).<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130darenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinin bir gere\u011fi olan hiyar\u015fi bir kurumun kendi i\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan o kurumun g\u00f6revlileri aras\u0131ndaki astl\u0131k-\u00fcstl\u00fck durumunu ifade etmekte olup, bu yetki emir ve talimat verme, disiplin, atama, terfi, ast\u0131n i\u015flemlerini hukukilik ve yerindelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan denetleme, d\u00fczeltme, iptal etme gibi yetkileri i\u00e7ermektedir (AYM, E.2020\/59, K.2023\/53, 22\/03\/2023, \u00a7 10).<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re de memurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015flerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekir. Y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri kamu hizmetinin niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda garnizon komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n genel idare esaslara g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revleri yerine getirdi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlisi olarak kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fi ve garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n atanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 45. maddesine g\u00f6re ise garnizon i\u00e7inde birden fazla k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h veya asker\u00ee kurum bulunabilir.<\/p>\n
17. Kurallarla garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ta komutanlar\u0131 veya kurum amirleri aras\u0131ndan Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de kuralda atanacak k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 ve kurum amirinin, garnizonda g\u00f6revli di\u011fer k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri ile ayn\u0131 ya da \u00fcst r\u00fctbede olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir h\u00fckme yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bu durumda garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi hususunda Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ast-\u00fcst ili\u015fkisini g\u00f6zetmesini sa\u011flayacak bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve kuralda yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
D) Kanunun 41. Maddesinin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d ve \u0130kinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
19. Dava konusu kadrolara ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin genel \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin kanunla belirlenmesi gerekirken idareye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirli olmayan, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez bir takdir yetkisinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
20. E) 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Yer Alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
21. Bir \u00f6nceki kuralda belirtti\u011fim gerek\u00e7e bu kural i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fundan, kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanaatiyle \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
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KAR\u015eI OY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
1- 20. maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
2- 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1) Kanun\u2019un 20. Maddesiyle 2847 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. Maddesinin De\u011fi\u015ftirilen Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresi<\/p>\n
2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde bu Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilece\u011fi; ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde de bu Kanun\u2019a ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise derne\u011fin, Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilece\u011fi ve kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan ikinci c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesiyle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan dernek kurma hakk\u0131; bireylerin kendi menfaatlerini korumak ve savunmak, ideallerini ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kolektif olu\u015fumlar meydana getirerek bir araya gelebilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kayd\u0131yla ilgili derne\u011fin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn incelenmesi a\u015famas\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi gere\u011fi temel bir hak olan dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 59. maddesine g\u00f6re dernekler, kurulu\u015f bildirimini, dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve gerekli belgeleri yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk\u00ee amirine verdikleri anda t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a herkesin \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmekte iken kuraldaki ibareler derneklerin kurulmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum ise Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddesinde ge\u00e7en “\u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n” \u015feklindeki s\u00f6z\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmekte ve dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvenceyi ortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lgili Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n dernek t\u00fcz\u00fcklerini inceleme s\u00fcrecinin ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi, inceleme neticesinde ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vermesi halinde ne olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi belirsizlikler dernek kurma giri\u015fimlerini de geciktirebilecektir. Bu durum ise kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne keyfi m\u00fcdahalesine sebep olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlama g\u00fcvencelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir. Zira askerlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin ortak an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmak, dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmek, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu derneklerin kurulabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u00f6zellikle kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lanlar ile bunlar\u0131n e\u015fleri ve dul ve yetimlerinden olu\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra incelenmesi yoluyla dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n an\u0131lan me\u015fru ama\u00e7la ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, nitekim bu derneklerin kurucular\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fcyelerinin TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer ve bunlar\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebinin de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kanun kapsam\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gazileri \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri Derne\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler Derne\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise hen\u00fcz TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f asker ki\u015filerin de bu derneklerin kurucusu veya \u00fcyesi olabilecekleri g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilse dahi bu derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerini kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n bu t\u00fcz\u00fck ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi ve derne\u011fin feshine y\u00f6nelik bir s\u00fcrecin de bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle zorunlu demokratik bir ihtiyac\u0131 da kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2) Kanun\u2019un 23. Maddesiyle 2847 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a Eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 4. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) Bendinin \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresi<\/p>\n
2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinde de bu Kanun\u2019la kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen derneklerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 amac\u0131 g\u00fcden, bu derneklerin isimleriyle veya bunlar\u0131n isimlerinin ba\u015f ve sonuna ekler yaparak veya asker, gazi, muharip, asker\u00ee okul adlar\u0131n\u0131 veya benzeri isimleri kullanarak dernek kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mevcut uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin hukuki durumu ise Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine g\u00f6re maddenin yay\u0131m tarihini m\u00fcteakip Milli Savunma ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 ilk genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131ndan bir ay i\u00e7inde, yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin kurucu heyetlerinde g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015filerin tespitini ister. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dernekler, kurucu heyette g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015fileri belirlemez veya bildirilenler gerekli nitelikleri haiz olmaz yahut say\u0131s\u0131 yediden az olursa, yetkili Bakanlar kurucu heyetleri do\u011frudan olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Dava konusu kural\u0131n bulundu\u011fu maddede Dernek kurucu heyetlerinin, 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve 2843 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen esaslar\u0131 dikkate alarak yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131rlay\u0131p iki ay i\u00e7inde ilgili m\u00fclki amire vermek zorunda oldu\u011fu, m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi ve 3. madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem tesis edece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130kincic\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetimi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanaatiyle \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
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KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130 ve EK GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun 18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun ile ilgili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatlere, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtti\u011fim kurallarda, a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m gerek\u00e7elerle kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m. Yine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtece\u011fim bir kurala ili\u015fkin Mahkememiz iptal karar\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtece\u011fim ek gerek\u00e7e ile kat\u0131lmaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
A. Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, Emekli Astsubaylar, Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile Muharip Gaziler Dernekleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ve bu Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer verilen \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresi:<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu ibarelerden ilkinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201cBu Kanuna g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fckleri ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilir. M\u00fclki amir \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceler. Bu Kanuna ve 4\/11\/2004 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanununa ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise dernek, Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilir ve kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazan\u0131r.\u201d bi\u00e7iminde \u00fc\u00e7 c\u00fcmle halinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere bu f\u0131kra ile bu Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilip kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmadan \u00f6nce t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilece\u011fi ve m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bu Kanun\u2019a ve 4\/11\/2004 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
4. Dava konusu ibarelerden ikincisinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddede ise T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi bu Kanun kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan hareketle \u00f6nceden kurulmu\u015f uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin hukuki durumu ba\u011flam\u0131nda birinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendine g\u00f6re kurucu heyette g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015filerin belirlenmesi akabinde dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve m\u00fclki amire verilmesi ile ilgili yine dava konusu ilk ibarede yer alan s\u00fcrecin ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n takibi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerek m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere iki ibare de derneklerin kurulmas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ayn\u0131 hususlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedirler. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile her iki dava konusu ibarenin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetimindeki gerek\u00e7eler ortak oldu\u011fundan kurallar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde ortak gerek\u00e7eler ifade edilecektir.<\/p>\n
6. Dava konusu ibarelerden ilkinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale etmektedir. Burada dava konusu ibarenin anlam\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131kradaki d\u00fczenlemenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc ile birlikte ortaya koymak ve bu \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan anlam\u0131yla ibareyi Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetimine tabi tutmak gerekmektedir. Aksi bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir denetim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 imkan\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere bu Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kurulacak derneklerde t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn m\u00fclki amire verilmesi, m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc incelemesi ve bu Kanun\u2019a ve Dernekler Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilerek t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmas\u0131 dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda kurala ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede kural\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmedi\u011fi (\u00a7 35) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Bu ba\u011flamda dava konusu ibarelerin dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama oldu\u011fu ve bu s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcne dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle ifade etmek gerekir. Zira dava konusu ibarenin i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmleri dernek kurma s\u00fcrecinde kurulacak derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fclki amire verilmesini ve m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc incelemesini ve belirtilen kanunlara bir ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmamas\u0131 halinde ancak derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilerek dernek t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin kazan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir<\/p>\n
10. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu a\u015famadan sonra bahse konu s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmak gerekmektedir. Dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a herkesin \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda derneklerin kurulmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde dava konusu ibare olarak \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nceden izin alma noktas\u0131nda sorun te\u015fkil eden ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile dernek kurmay\u0131 bu iki Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iznine ba\u011flayan bir anlama sahiptir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile dava konusu ibarenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n\u201d \u015feklindeki s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Hal b\u00f6yle iken Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki \u201c\u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n\u201d \u015feklindeki a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131ndaki yakla\u015f\u0131m esas\u0131nda dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulamada Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir yakla\u015f\u0131m ise Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 noktas\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvencesini uygulamada tamamen anlams\u0131z hale getirebilecektir.<\/p>\n
12. Ek olarak ilgili Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131n\u0131p kurulacak dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn incelenmesi s\u00fcreci de dernek kurma giri\u015fimlerini s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede b\u0131rakabilecektir. Zira kuralda bu t\u00fcz\u00fck incelemesinin ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi, inceleme sonucunda ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulundu\u011funda ne olaca\u011f\u0131 ve bu inceleme s\u00fcrecinin nas\u0131l sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili yeterli bir detay d\u00fczenleme \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f de\u011fildir. Oysa Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda da vurgulanmakta oldu\u011fu \u00fczere dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Anayasa’n\u0131n 33. maddesi ayn\u0131 zamanda kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 korunmay\u0131 da ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. (Bkz.: AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 102).<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetimi ile ilgili olarak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k yan\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca dava konusu ibarenin dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik getirdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru amac\u0131 ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda da sorunlar oldu\u011funu ve dava konusu ibarenin bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile de Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesindeki g\u00fcvencelere ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek gerekir. Bununla birlikte Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etme noktas\u0131nda yeterli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in di\u011fer ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k gerek\u00e7elerine daha fazla yer vermeye gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. Yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan gerek\u00e7elerle Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ve bu Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer verilen \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatiyle Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
B. Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde ve (c) bendiyle an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer verilen \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibareleri:<\/p>\n
15. Dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurallar\u0131n ilki olan Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130kinci ibarenin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde ise Kanun\u2019un 45 ila 49 maddeler aras\u0131nda s\u0131ralananlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veya istisnai haller kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda garnizon kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta kumandan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Bununla birlikte ilk ibarenin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuralda garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ve yine ikinci ibarenin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuralda ve onun referansta bulundu\u011fu \u201cyukar\u0131daki\u201d maddelerde (madde : 45-49) kural\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi konulara ili\u015fkin yeterli bir belirlemede bulunulmu\u015f de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurallarda veya Kanun\u2019un ba\u015fka maddelerinde her ne kadar garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ta komutanlar\u0131 veya kurum amirleri aras\u0131ndan Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de, atama, r\u00fctbe ve ast \u00fcst ili\u015fkilerine ili\u015fkin somutla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. Oysa bu konulara ili\u015fkin temel \u00e7er\u00e7evenin kanunla \u00e7izilmesi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesindeki yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesinin bir gere\u011fidir. Bu ba\u011flamda yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesi kanun koyucuya bu konuyu ana hatlar\u0131 ile d\u00fczenleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
18. Esas\u0131nda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince memurlar ile di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6rev, yetki, hak, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi zorunlu oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bu konudaki temel \u00e7er\u00e7evenin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
19. Ek olarak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesi gere\u011fince idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleri ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re burada dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurallardaki d\u00fczenlemelerin idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fc ile silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerdeki hiyerar\u015fik ili\u015fkideki ast \u00fcst ili\u015fkisini kanunla belirlemeyi elzem hale getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
20. Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda da ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere Anayasa\u2019da kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi verilmesi yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturabilmektedir. Bu nedenle Anayasa\u2019da temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, vergi ve benzeri mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin konmas\u0131 ve memurlar\u0131n atanmas\u0131, \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 gibi m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda kanunun temel esaslar\u0131, ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi belirlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Anayasa koyucunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konularda yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n temel kurallar\u0131 belirledikten sonra uzmanl\u0131k ve idare tekni\u011fine ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevsel nitelikteki i\u015flemlerine b\u0131rakmas\u0131, yasama yetkisinin devri olarak yorumlanamaz (Bkz.: AYM, E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 22).<\/p>\n
21. Yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan sebeplerle silahl\u0131 kuvvetler gibi emir komuta ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ast \u00fcst ili\u015fkisinin \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi ve gerekli oldu\u011fu idari birimlerde bu bi\u00e7imdeki bir belirleme yap\u0131lmadan kanunda sadece genel h\u00fckme yer verilmesi idarenin olu\u015fumu ve g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri boyutu ile \u00f6nemli bir eksiklik olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurallarda temel bir \u00e7er\u00e7evenin bulunmamas\u0131 belirsizlik y\u00f6n\u00fc ile Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k sonucunu do\u011furmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Bu gerek\u00e7eyle Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde ve (c) bendiyle an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinde yer verilen \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatiyle Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
C. Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde ve ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer verilen \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d ibareleri, (b) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde yer verilen \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresi ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmle:<\/p>\n
23.Dava konusu \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d ibarelerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerdeki subay hizmet kadrolar\u0131 ile ilgili r\u00fctbe, s\u0131n\u0131f ve bran\u015flar konular\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren kadro belirlemeleri ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Dava konusu \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde ise a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131na ait astsubay kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihine kadar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (varsa bran\u015f\u0131) belirtilerek Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
25. 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen dava konusu \u201cBelirlenen bu kadro ve te\u015fkilat Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onaylan\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklindeki ikinci c\u00fcmle ise a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlenen kadrolarla ilgili onay i\u015flemini d\u00fczenleme konusu yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
26. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nan dava konusu ibareler ve zikredilen dava konusu c\u00fcmle kadro ile ilgili d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011findedirler. \u0130bare ve kurallar kadro ile ilgili de\u011fi\u015fik boyutlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen niteli\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131ndan burada t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kadro ile ilgili d\u00fczenlemeler olarak kabul edip kar\u015f\u0131oy gerek\u00e7esindeki de\u011ferlendirmeler buna g\u00f6re ortaya konulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu kar\u015f\u0131oydaki temel gerek\u00e7eler 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmle h\u00fckm\u00fc etraf\u0131nda olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmle h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn anlam\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesi de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde belirlenmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. F\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinde seferberlik i\u015flemleriyle ilgili kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanman\u0131n Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmekte, ikinci f\u0131krada ise belirlenen bu kadro ve te\u015fkilat\u0131n Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onaylanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
28. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere esas\u0131nda burada kadro ile ilgili hususlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi kullan\u0131lan ifadelerden de kolayl\u0131kla anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim bu f\u0131krada ilgili kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanman\u0131n Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u201cbelirlenmesi\u201d ve belirlenen bu kadro ve te\u015fkilat\u0131n Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca \u201conaylanmas\u0131\u201d ifade edilmektedir. Yine bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda incelenen di\u011fer dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde de subay ve astsubay kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca \u201ctespit edilece\u011fi\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
29. Burada kural\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarken kadronun tespit edilmesi, kadronun belirlenmesi ve belirlenen kadronun onaylanmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki tasarruflar\u0131n kadro ihdas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini net bir \u015fekilde ifade etmek gerekmektedir. Zira kadro ihdas\u0131 \u015feklindeki tasarruf esas\u0131nda kadronun belirlenip kabul\u00fcn\u00fc gerektirmektedir. Dava konusu c\u00fcmle de bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile asl\u0131nda tam anlam\u0131yla kadro ihdas\u0131 \u015feklindeki bir d\u00fczenleme olarak kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
30. Bu ba\u011flamda bu dosyada benim de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir kurala ili\u015fkin iptal karar\u0131nda Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da \u201c\u2026 Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca garnizonda bulunan k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kadro ve te\u015fkiller olu\u015fturulabilir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcndeki kadro ve te\u015fkiller olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fi ibaresini kadro ihdas etme yetkisi \u015feklinde kabul etmi\u015f (bkz.: \u00a7 104) olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131ndaki kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihine kadar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (varsa bran\u015f\u0131) belirtilerek Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren h\u00fck\u00fcmdeki dava konusu \u201ctespit edilir\u201d bi\u00e7imindeki ifadeyi kadro ihdas\u0131 olarak anlamland\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki buradaki kurallar di\u011ferinden farkl\u0131 olarak takdiri ifade niteli\u011finde metinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f de\u011fillerdir. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun \u201colu\u015fturulabilir\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan kural\u0131 kadro ihdas\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kabul edip \u201ctespit edilir\u201d ve \u201conaylan\u0131r\u201d bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fczenlenen kurallar\u0131 kadro ihdas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmemesinin hukuken savunulabilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir yakla\u015f\u0131m oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
31. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu a\u015famadan sonra bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken husus ise bu bi\u00e7imdeki kadro ihdas\u0131 yetkisinin dava konusu kuralda kime verildi\u011fidir. F\u0131krada kadro ile ilgili olarak belirleme i\u015flemi Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca, onaylama i\u015flemi ise Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
32. Oysa Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda da ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere kadro ihdas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yasama organ\u0131na ait bir yetkidir. Zira kadro ihdas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7e hakk\u0131 ile do\u011frudan ilgili bir konu olup bu konudaki yetki demokratik \u00fclke \u00f6rneklerinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemizde de yasama organ\u0131na ait temel bir yetki konumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. \u00d6yle ki Anayasa Mahkemesi bir karar\u0131nda Koruma Y\u00fcksek Kurulu ve koruma kurullar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131 maksad\u0131yla, Bakanlar Kurulu’na kadro iptal ve ihdas\u0131 yetkisi veren dava konusu d\u00fczenlemeleri Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. (Bkz.: E.: 1987\/21, K.: 1988\/25, K. T. 28.6.1988). Yine bir di\u011fer karar\u0131nda T\u00fct\u00fcn ve Alkol Piyasas\u0131 D\u00fczenleme Kurumunun kadro unvanlar\u0131 ve say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanlar Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak y\u00f6netmeliklerle belirlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131, memurlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131 ile kadro ihdas\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvence oldu\u011funa da vurgu yaparak Anayasa’n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddesi ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. (Bkz.: AYM, E.2002\/32, K.2003\/100, 20\/11\/2003).<\/p>\n
34. Benzer \u015fekilde Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Jandarma ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Akademisi ile Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 fiil\u00ee kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Plan ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Komisyonunca belirlenece\u011fini h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alan kural\u0131 da bu birimlerin genel idare esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte olan kamu hizmetlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revleri ifa eden personelinin Anayasa’n\u0131n 128. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan bunlar\u0131n kadrolar\u0131,bu kadrolar\u0131n ihdas ve iptali ile ilgili kurallar\u0131n da Anayasa’n\u0131n 128. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fini belirterek iptal etmi\u015ftir. (Bkz.: E.: 2018\/73, K.: 2019\/65. K.T.: 24.07.2019, \u00a7\u00a7 135-141).<\/p>\n
35. 2017 Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131nda Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen idarelerdeki kadrolar\u0131n ihdas\u0131n\u0131n bu idarelerin te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015ftir. (Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. Bu konudaki kar\u015f\u0131oyumda ilgili gerek\u00e7e i\u00e7in bkz.: E. S.: 2018\/119, K. S.: 2020\/25, K. T.: 11\/06\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 6-22, 27-31, 33) Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa Mahkemesinin yeni i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re kadro ihdas\u0131 ancak kanun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile yap\u0131labilir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda idari bir i\u015flemle kadro ihdas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
36. Oysa dava konusu kuralla bir kadro ihdas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda bu konuda yine de bir Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu art\u0131k kanun ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi yan\u0131nda Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n idari bir i\u015flemiyle de kadro ihdas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade etmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n onay i\u015flemi ile de kadro onaylanmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ihdas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale geldi\u011fine g\u00f6re gelinen bu yeni a\u015famada gerek kapsam\u0131 ve gerekse demokratik hukuk devletindeki tarihsel geli\u015fimi ve \u015fu andaki konumu boyutuyla bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00e7e hakk\u0131 gibi T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir yetkisi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede anlams\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
37. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan gerek\u00e7elerle Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde ve ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer verilen \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d ibareleri, (b) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde yer verilen \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresi ve (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin kadro ihdas\u0131 niteli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptal gerekti\u011fi kanaatiyle \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
D. Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer verilen \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresi:<\/p>\n
38. F\u0131krada garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtildikten sonra bu g\u00f6revin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi maksad\u0131yla iptali talep edilen ibarenin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u00fcmlede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca garnizonda bulunan k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kadro ve te\u015fkiller olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
39. Esas\u0131nda bu c\u00fcmlenin de bir kadro ihdas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a fark edilmektedir. Zira c\u00fcmlede \u201ckadro ve te\u015fkiller olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fi\u201d \u015feklindeki ifadeler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da bu kuralda kadro ihdas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015farak kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 106. ve 123. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k gerek\u00e7esiyle iptaline h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
40. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun iptal karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmakla birlikte kadro ihdas\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilen ibarenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesi yan\u0131nda ayn\u0131 zamanda 7. ve 128. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. Bununla birlikte kural\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131ndaki Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 106. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki gerek\u00e7esine kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m. Bu nedenle iptal karar\u0131na bu ek gerek\u00e7e ile kat\u0131lmaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00a0 <\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
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KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
A) 1. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, Emekli Astsubaylar, Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile Muharip Gaziler Dernekleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin dava konusu edilmesi \u00fczerine Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u201ciptal talebinin reddi gerekir\u201d \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu kural\u0131n ilgili f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cBu Kanuna g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fckleri ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilir. M\u00fclki amir \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceler. Bu Kanuna ve Dernekler Kanununa ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise dernek, Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilir ve kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
3. Dava konusu kural ile kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilece\u011fi, m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi, Dernekler Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise derne\u011fin, Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilece\u011fi ve kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDernek Kurma H\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 33. maddesinde:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cHerkes, \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma ve bunlara \u00fcye olma ya da \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Hi\u00e7 kimse bir derne\u011fe \u00fcye olmaya ve dernekte \u00fcye kalmaya zorlanamaz. <\/p>\n
Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve genel ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyetlerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyetinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usuller kanunda g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n
Dernekler, kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hallerde h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla kapat\u0131labilir veya faaliyetten al\u0131konulabilir. Ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, kamu d\u00fczeninin, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesini veya su\u00e7un devam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin yahut yakalaman\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi hallerde gecikmede sak\u0131nca varsa, kanunla bir merci, derne\u011fi faaliyetten men ile yetkilendirilebilir. Bu merciin karar\u0131, yirmid\u00f6rt saat i\u00e7inde g\u00f6revli h\u00e2kimin onay\u0131na sunulur. H\u00e2kim, karar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rksekiz saat i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131klar; aksi halde, bu idar\u00ee karar kendili\u011finden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar.<\/p>\n
Birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler ve kolluk kuvvetleri mensuplar\u0131na ve g\u00f6revlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Devlet memurlar\u0131na kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmesine engel de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri vak\u0131flarla ilgili olarak da uygulan\u0131r. \u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan dernek hakk\u0131; bireylerin kendi menfaatlerini korumak ve savunmak, ideallerini ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kolektif olu\u015fumlar meydana getirerek bir araya gelebilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi korkmadan, engellenmeden a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede dernek hakk\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 100; E.2021\/59, K.2021\/90, 16\/12\/2021, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
6. Bu itibarla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; bireylere topluluk h\u00e2linde siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyal ve ekonomik ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Siyasi bir amac\u0131 olsun veya olmas\u0131n vatanda\u015flar\u0131n bir araya gelerek ortak ama\u00e7lar\u0131 izleyebilece\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplumun \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenidir. Demokrasilerde b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rg\u00fct, devlet taraf\u0131ndan sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi ve korunmas\u0131 gereken temel haklara sahiptir (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 101; Tayfun Cengiz, B. No: 2013\/8463, 18\/9\/2014, \u00a7\u00a7 31, 32).<\/p>\n
7. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u015fekli veya \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6n\u00fc olan dernek hakk\u0131; ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra derne\u011fe \u00fcye olma, derne\u011fin etkinliklerine kat\u0131lma ve mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n menfaatlerini korumak \u00fczere faaliyetlerde bulunma gibi haklar\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir. Dernekler ise belirli bir amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ya da izlenmesi i\u00e7in ki\u015filerin bilgi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak birle\u015ftirdikleri, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filikle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 33. maddesi temel olarak dernek hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 korunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 102).<\/p>\n
8. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cAma\u00e7 ve kapsam\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1. maddesine g\u00f6re an\u0131lan Kanun T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler derneklerinin tabi olacaklar\u0131 esas ve usulleri d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesine g\u00f6re Kanun kapsam\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi emeklilik ya da maluliyet sebebiyle TSK, Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lan subay ve astsubaylar; T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gazileri \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri Derne\u011fi harp ve vazife malul\u00fc olanlar; T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler Dene\u011fi sava\u015fa kat\u0131lanlar; T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi TSK, Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emeklilik, maluliyet ve sa\u011fl\u0131k nedeniyle ayr\u0131lan veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini yenilemeyerek ayr\u0131lan uzman erba\u015flardan en az on y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f olanlar taraf\u0131ndan kurulur.<\/p>\n
10. Dernek \u00fcyesi olabilecekler de Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011finin derneklerin kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in askeri g\u00f6revlerden ayr\u0131lma \u015fart\u0131 aranm\u0131\u015f iken di\u011fer dernekler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise derne\u011fin kurulu\u015f veya \u00fcyelik tarihi itibariyle asker olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n harp ve vazife malul\u00fc olanlar, sava\u015fa kat\u0131lanlar ile bunlar\u0131n e\u015f, dul ve yetimleri derne\u011fin kurucusu ve \u00fcyesi olabilirler.<\/p>\n
11. Dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kayd\u0131yla ilgili derne\u011fin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn incelenmesi a\u015famas\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. Zira ilgili bakanl\u0131klardan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f istenilmesi, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bildirilmesi ve bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirilmesi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 alacakt\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te dernek Dernekler Siciline kay\u0131t edilemeyecek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanamayacakt\u0131r. Neticede t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirdi\u011finden kural\u0131n \u201cDernek Kurma \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck milli g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
14. Kural\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a tabi olarak kurulan derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmas\u0131 ve dernek t\u00fcz\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle ilgili yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemin, 27\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 59. maddesiyle uyumlu h\u00e2le getirilmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddeye g\u00f6re dernekler, kurulu\u015f bildirimini, dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve gerekli belgeleri yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclki amirine verdikleri anda t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
15. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle askerlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin ortak an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmak, dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmek, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu derneklerin kurulabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u00f6zellikle kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lanlar ile bunlar\u0131n e\u015fleri ve dul ve yetimlerinden olu\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra incelenmesi yoluyla dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n an\u0131lan me\u015fru ama\u00e7la ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, nitekim bu derneklerin kurucular\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fcyelerinin TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer ve bunlar\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebinin de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Kanun kapsam\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gazileri \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri Derne\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler Derne\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise hen\u00fcz TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f asker ki\u015filerin de bu derneklerin kurucusu veya \u00fcyesi olabilecekleri g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilse dahi bu derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerini kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n bu t\u00fcz\u00fck ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi ve derne\u011fin feshine y\u00f6nelik bir s\u00fcrecin de bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle zorunlu demokratik bir ihtiyac\u0131 da kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup iptali gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak etmemekteyim.<\/p>\n
B) 1. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanununa eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendi c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin dava konusu edilmesi \u00fczerine Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u201ciptal talebinin reddi gerekir\u201d \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2- Dava konusu kural\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cBu maddenin yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihini m\u00fcteakip;<\/p>\n
a) Milli Savunma ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 ilk genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131ndan bir ay i\u00e7inde, yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin kurucu heyetlerinde g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015filerin tespitini ister. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dernekler, kurucu heyette g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015fileri belirlemez veya bildirilenler gerekli nitelikleri haiz olmaz yahut say\u0131s\u0131 yediden az olursa, yetkili Bakanlar kurucu heyetleri do\u011frudan olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
b) Bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulan kurucu heyetler, Dernekler Kanunu ve bu Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen esaslar\u0131 dikkate alarak yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131rlay\u0131p iki ay i\u00e7inde ilgili m\u00fclki amire vermek zorundad\u0131r. M\u00fclki amir \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceler ve 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem tesis eder\u201d.<\/p>\n
3- 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinde de bu Kanun\u2019la kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen derneklerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 amac\u0131 g\u00fcden, bu derneklerin isimleriyle veya bunlar\u0131n isimlerinin ba\u015f ve sonuna ekler yaparak veya asker, gazi, muharip, askeri okul adlar\u0131n\u0131 veya benzeri isimleri kullanarak dernek kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4- Mevcut uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin hukuki durumu ise Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine g\u00f6re maddenin yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihini m\u00fcteakip Milli Savunma ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 ilk genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131ndan bir ay i\u00e7inde, yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin kurucu heyetlerinde g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015filerin tespitini ister. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dernekler, kurucu heyette g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015fileri belirlemez veya bildirilenler gerekli nitelikleri haiz olmaz yahut say\u0131s\u0131 yediden az olursa, yetkili Bakanlar kurucu heyetleri do\u011frudan olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
5- An\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n (b) bendinin birinci c\u00fcmlesinde de bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulan kurucu heyetlerin, 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve 2843 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen esaslar\u0131 dikkate alarak yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131rlay\u0131p iki ay i\u00e7inde ilgili m\u00fclki amire vermek zorunda oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu bendin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi ve 3. madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem tesis edece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olup an\u0131lan c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026..\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026.\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6- 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesine g\u00f6re TSK, Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emeklilik, maluliyet ve sa\u011fl\u0131k nedeniyle ayr\u0131lan veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini yenilemeyerek uzman erba\u015flardan en az on y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f olanlar taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011finin kurulabilece\u011fi, 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca da an\u0131lan derne\u011fi kurma hakk\u0131na sahip olanlar ile bunlar\u0131n e\u015fleri ile dul ve yetimlerinin s\u00f6z konusu derne\u011fe \u00fcye olabilecekleri g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde TSK\u2019da g\u00f6rev yapan uzman erba\u015flar\u0131n bu derne\u011fin kurucusu ve \u00fcyesi olamayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7- 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026.. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026.\u201d ibaresinin Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda yukar\u0131da (A) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
8- A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup iptali gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak etmemekteyim.<\/p>\n
C) 1. 46. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde ve 50. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130barelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi dava konusu olup, Mahkeme \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan \u201ciptal talebinin reddi gerekir\u201d \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu ibare de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lan 46. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cGarnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenir. Bu g\u00f6revin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi maksad\u0131yla, Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca garnizonda bulunan k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h ve kurumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kadro ve te\u015fkiller olu\u015fturulabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yine dava konusu 50. madde \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cYukardaki maddelerde belirtilen h\u00fck\u00fcmler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veya istisnai haller kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda garnizon kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta kumandan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d<\/p>\n
3. Dava konusu kurallar \u00f6ncesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususunda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131na ait iken bu yetki kurallarla Bakanl\u0131\u011fa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4- Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesinde \u201cYasama yetkisi T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir. Bu yetki devredilemez.\u201d denilmektedir. Yasama yetkisinin T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine ait olmas\u0131 ve bu yetkinin devredilememesi, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesinin bir gere\u011fidir. Bu h\u00fckme yer veren Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde yasama yetkisinin parlamentoya ait olmas\u0131 \u201cdemokrasi rejimini benimseyen siyasi rejimlerde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir durum\u201d olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, gerek\u00e7ede \u201cMillet ad\u0131na kanun koyma yetkisini yasama meclisi yerine getirir. Bu yetki devredilemez. Ancak, Anayasan\u0131n 99 ve 129 uncu maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d denilmek suretiyle bu ilkenin anlam\u0131 ve istisnalar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Madde gerek\u00e7esinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, yasama yetkisinin devredilemezli\u011fi, esasen kanun koyma yetkisinin TBMM d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir organca kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesi ile yasaklanan, kanun yapma yetkisinin devredilmesidir (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2021\/73, K.2022\/51, 21\/4\/2022, \u00a7 15; E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 21).<\/p>\n
5- Kanun koyucunun belli bir konuda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131 yetkilendirmesi yeterli olmakla birlikte Anayasa\u2019da kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na bireysel veya d\u00fczenleyici bir i\u015flem yapma yetkisi verilmesi yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturabilmektedir. Bu nedenle Anayasa\u2019da temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, vergi ve benzeri mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin konmas\u0131 ve memurlar\u0131n atanmas\u0131, \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 gibi m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda kanunun temel esaslar\u0131, ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi belirlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 22).<\/p>\n
6- Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130darenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinin bir gere\u011fi olan hiyerar\u015fi bir kurumun kendi i\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan o kurumun g\u00f6revlileri aras\u0131ndaki astl\u0131k-\u00fcstl\u00fck durumunu ifade etmekte olup, bu yetki emir ve talimat verme, disiplin, atama, terfi, ast\u0131n i\u015flemlerini hukukilik ve yerindelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan denetleme, d\u00fczeltme, iptal etme gibi yetkileri i\u00e7ermektedir (AYM, E.2020\/59, K. 2023\/53, 22\/03\/2023, \u00a7 10).<\/p>\n
7- Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re de memurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015flerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekir. Y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri kamu hizmetinin niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda garnizon komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n genel idare esaslara g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revleri yerine getirdi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlisi olarak kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fi ve garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n atanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8- 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 45. maddesine g\u00f6re ise garnizon i\u00e7inde birden fazla k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h veya askeri kurum bulunabilir.<\/p>\n
9- Kurallarla garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ta komutanlar\u0131 veya kurum amirleri aras\u0131ndan Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de, kuralda atanacak k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 ve kurum amirinin, garnizonda g\u00f6revli di\u011fer k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri ile ayn\u0131 ya da \u00fcst r\u00fctbede olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir h\u00fckme yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bu durumda garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi hususunda Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ast-\u00fcst ili\u015fkisini g\u00f6zetmesini sa\u011flayacak bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve kuralda yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10-A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle dava konusu kurallar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, iptali gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI OY<\/p>\n
1. 18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un; 20.maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, Emekli Astsubaylar, Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile Muharip Gaziler Dernekleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtti\u011fim gerek\u00e7elerle say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde bu Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilece\u011fi; ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde de bu Kanun\u2019a ve 4\/11\/2004 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise derne\u011fin, Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilece\u011fi ve kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan ikinci c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa’n\u0131n \u201cDernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 33. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma ve bunlara \u00fcye olma ya da \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir.\/ Hi\u00e7 kimse bir derne\u011fe \u00fcye olmaya ve dernekte \u00fcye kalmaya zorlanamaz.\/ Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve genel ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyetlerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyetinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usuller kanunda g\u00f6sterilir.\/ \u2026\/ Birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler ve kolluk kuvvetleri mensuplar\u0131na ve g\u00f6revlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Devlet memurlar\u0131na kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmesine engel de\u011fildir.\/\u2026\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
4. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan dernek hakk\u0131; bireylerin kendi menfaatlerini korumak ve savunmak, ideallerini ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kolektif olu\u015fumlar meydana getirerek bir araya gelebilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi korkmadan, engellenmeden a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede dernek hakk\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 100; E.2021\/59, K.2021\/90, 16\/12\/2021, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
5. Bu itibarla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; bireylere topluluk h\u00e2linde siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyal ve ekonomik ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Siyasi bir amac\u0131 olsun veya olmas\u0131n vatanda\u015flar\u0131n bir araya gelerek ortak ama\u00e7lar\u0131 izleyebilece\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplumun \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenidir. Demokrasilerde b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rg\u00fct, devlet taraf\u0131ndan sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi ve korunmas\u0131 gereken temel haklara sahiptir (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 101; Tayfun Cengiz, B. No: 2013\/8463, 18\/9\/2014, \u00a7\u00a7 31, 32).<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u015fekli veya \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6n\u00fc olan dernek hakk\u0131; ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra derne\u011fe \u00fcye olma, derne\u011fin etkinliklerine kat\u0131lma ve mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n menfaatlerini korumak \u00fczere faaliyetlerde bulunma gibi haklar\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir. Dernekler ise belirli bir amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ya da izlenmesi i\u00e7in ki\u015filerin bilgi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak birle\u015ftirdikleri, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filikle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 33. maddesi temel olarak dernek hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 korunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2018\/121, K.2021\/84, 11\/11\/2021, \u00a7 102).<\/p>\n
7. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cAma\u00e7 ve kapsam\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1. maddesine g\u00f6re an\u0131lan Kanun T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler derneklerinin tabi olacaklar\u0131 esas ve usulleri d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n
8. Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesine g\u00f6re Kanun kapsam\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi emeklilik ya da maluliyet sebebiyle TSK, Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lan subay ve astsubaylar; T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gazileri \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri Derne\u011fi harp ve vazife malul\u00fc olanlar; T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler Derne\u011fi sava\u015fa kat\u0131lanlar; T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi TSK, Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emeklilik, maluliyet ve sa\u011fl\u0131k nedeniyle ayr\u0131lan veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini yenilemeyerek ayr\u0131lan uzman erba\u015flardan en az on y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f olanlar taraf\u0131ndan kurulur.<\/p>\n
9. Dernek \u00fcyesi olabilecekler de Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye emekli uzmanerba\u015flar derneklerinin kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in askeri g\u00f6revlerden ayr\u0131lma \u015fart\u0131 aranm\u0131\u015f iken di\u011fer dernekler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise derne\u011fin kurulu\u015f veya \u00fcyelik tarihi itibariyle asker olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n harp ve vazife malul\u00fc olanlar, sava\u015fa kat\u0131lanlar ile bunlar\u0131n e\u015f, dul ve yetimleri derne\u011fin kurucusu veya \u00fcyesi olabilirler.<\/p>\n
10. Dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kayd\u0131yla ilgili derne\u011fin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn incelenmesi a\u015famas\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
13. Kural\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a tabi olarak kurulan derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmas\u0131 ve dernek t\u00fcz\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle ilgili yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemin, 27\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 59. maddesiyle uyumlu h\u00e2le getirilmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddeye g\u00f6re dernekler, kurulu\u015f bildirimini, dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve gerekli belgeleri yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk\u00ee amirine verdikleri anda t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
14. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle askerlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin ortak an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmak, dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmek, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu derneklerin kurulabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u00f6zellikle kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lanlar ile bunlar\u0131n e\u015fleri ve dul ve yetimlerinden olu\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra incelenmesi yoluyla dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n an\u0131lan me\u015fru ama\u00e7la ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, nitekim bu derneklerin kurucular\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fcyelerinin TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer ve bunlar\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebinin de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. Kanun kapsam\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gazileri \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri Derne\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler Derne\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise hen\u00fcz TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f asker ki\u015filerin de bu derneklerin kurucusu veya \u00fcyesi olabilecekleri g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilse dahi bu derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerini kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n bu t\u00fcz\u00fck ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi ve derne\u011fin feshine y\u00f6nelik bir s\u00fcrecin de bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle zorunlu demokratik bir ihtiyac\u0131 da kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
17. 18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131na dair Kanun\u2019un; 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zetlenen 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetimin b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131 oyda belirtti\u011fim gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve iptali gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
18. 18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131na dair Kanun\u2019un; 42. maddesinin bir numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n; birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026 Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca \u2026\u201d ibaresinin \u201c\u2026 Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtece\u011fim gerek\u00e7elerle say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
19. Dava konusu kurallar \u00f6ncesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususunda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131na ait iken bu yetki kurallarla Bakanl\u0131\u011fa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesinde \u201cYasama yetkisi T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir. Bu yetki devredilemez.\u201d denilmektedir. Yasama yetkisinin T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine ait olmas\u0131 ve bu yetkinin devredilememesi, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesinin bir gere\u011fidir. Bu h\u00fckme yer veren Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde yasama yetkisinin parlamentoya ait olmas\u0131 “demokrasi rejimini benimseyen siyasi rejimlerde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir durum” olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, gerek\u00e7ede “Millet ad\u0131na kanun koyma yetkisini yasama meclisi yerine getirir. Bu yetki devredilemez. Ancak, Anayasan\u0131n 99 ve 129 uncu maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r” denilmek suretiyle bu ilkenin anlam\u0131 ve istisnalar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Madde gerek\u00e7esinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere yasama yetkisinin devredilemezli\u011fi, esasen kanun koyma yetkisinin TBMM d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir organca kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesi ile yasaklanan, kanun yapma yetkisinin devredilmesidir (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2021\/73, K.2022\/51, 21\/04\/2022, \u00a7 15; E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 21).<\/p>\n
21. Kanun koyucunun belli bir konuda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131 yetkilendirmesi yeterli olmakla birlikte Anayasa\u2019da kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na bireysel veya d\u00fczenleyici bir i\u015flem yapma yetkisi verilmesi yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturabilmektedir. Bu nedenle Anayasa\u2019da temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, vergi ve benzeri mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin konmas\u0131 ve memurlar\u0131n atanmas\u0131, \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 gibi m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda kanunun temel esaslar\u0131, ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi belirlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin olarak benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 22).<\/p>\n
22. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130darenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinin bir gere\u011fi olan hiyar\u015fi bir kurumun kendi i\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan o kurumun g\u00f6revlileri aras\u0131ndaki astl\u0131k-\u00fcstl\u00fck durumunu ifade etmekte olup, bu yetki emir ve talimat verme, disiplin, atama, terfi, ast\u0131n i\u015flemlerini hukukilik ve yerindelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan denetleme, d\u00fczeltme, iptal etme gibi yetkileri i\u00e7ermektedir (AYM, E.2020\/59, K.2023\/53, 22\/03\/2023, \u00a7 10).<\/p>\n
23. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re de memurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015flerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekir. Y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri kamu hizmetinin niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda garnizon komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n genel idare esaslara g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revleri yerine getirdi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlisi olarak kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fi ve garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n atanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 45. maddesine g\u00f6re ise garnizon i\u00e7inde birden fazla k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h veya asker\u00ee kurum bulunabilir.<\/p>\n
25. Kurallarla garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ta komutanlar\u0131 veya kurum amirleri aras\u0131ndan Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de, kuralda atanacak k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 ve kurum amirinin, garnizonda g\u00f6revli di\u011fer k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri ile ayn\u0131 ya da \u00fcst r\u00fctbede olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir h\u00fckme yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bu durumda garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi hususunda Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ast-\u00fcst ili\u015fkisini g\u00f6zetmesini sa\u011flayacak bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve kuralda yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
26. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
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KAR\u015eI OY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu; 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un;<\/p>\n
A) 20. maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
B) 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
C) 42. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n; (b) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde ve (c) bendiyle 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin,<\/p>\n
D) 42. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d, Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. maddesinde yer alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve Kanun\u2019un 42. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendiyle 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmlenin,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle bu kararlara kat\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A. Kanun\u2019un 20. Maddesiyle 2847 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. Maddesinin De\u011fi\u015ftirilen Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d \u0130baresi<\/p>\n
1. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde bu Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re kurulacak derneklerin t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin ilgili m\u00fclki amire verilece\u011fi; ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde de bu Kanun\u2019a ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve noksanl\u0131k bulunmaz ise derne\u011fin, Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kaydedilece\u011fi ve kay\u0131t tarihinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan ikinci c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesiyle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan dernek kurma hakk\u0131; bireylerin kendi menfaatlerini korumak ve savunmak, ideallerini ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kolektif olu\u015fumlar meydana getirerek bir araya gelebilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Dernekler K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kayd\u0131yla ilgili derne\u011fin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn incelenmesi a\u015famas\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi gere\u011fi temel bir hak olan dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
5. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
6. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 59. maddesine g\u00f6re dernekler, kurulu\u015f bildirimini, dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve gerekli belgeleri yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk\u00ee amirine verdikleri anda t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a herkesin \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmekte iken kuraldaki ibareler derneklerin kurulmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum ise Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddesinde ge\u00e7en “\u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n” \u015feklindeki s\u00f6z\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmekte ve dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvenceyi ortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. \u0130lgili Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n dernek t\u00fcz\u00fcklerini inceleme s\u00fcrecinin ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi, inceleme neticesinde ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vermesi halinde ne olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi belirsizlikler dernek kurma giri\u015fimlerini de geciktirebilecektir. Bu durum ise kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne keyfi m\u00fcdahalesine sebep olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
9. Di\u011fer yandan kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlama g\u00fcvencelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir. Zira askerlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin ortak an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmak, dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmek, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu derneklerin kurulabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u00f6zellikle kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lanlar ile bunlar\u0131n e\u015fleri ve dul ve yetimlerinden olu\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar Derne\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Astsubaylar Derne\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra incelenmesi yoluyla dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n an\u0131lan me\u015fru ama\u00e7la ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, nitekim bu derneklerin kurucular\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fcyelerinin TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer ve bunlar\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebinin de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Kanun kapsam\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkiye Harp Malul\u00fc Gazileri \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri Derne\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye Muharip Gaziler Derne\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise hen\u00fcz TSK\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f asker ki\u015filerin de bu derneklerin kurucusu veya \u00fcyesi olabilecekleri g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde dernek kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilse dahi bu derneklerin t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerini kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n bu t\u00fcz\u00fck ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi ve derne\u011fin feshine y\u00f6nelik bir s\u00fcrecin de bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle zorunlu demokratik bir ihtiyac\u0131 da kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B. Kanun\u2019un 23. Maddesiyle 2847 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a Eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 4. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) Bendinin \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlesinde Yer Alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d \u0130baresi<\/p>\n
12. 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar Derne\u011fi 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinde de bu Kanun\u2019la kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen derneklerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 amac\u0131 g\u00fcden, bu derneklerin isimleriyle veya bunlar\u0131n isimlerinin ba\u015f ve sonuna ekler yaparak veya asker, gazi, muharip, asker\u00ee okul adlar\u0131n\u0131 veya benzeri isimleri kullanarak dernek kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Mevcut uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin hukuki durumu ise Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine g\u00f6re maddenin yay\u0131m tarihini m\u00fcteakip Milli Savunma ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 ilk genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren uzman erba\u015f derneklerinin y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131ndan bir ay i\u00e7inde, yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin kurucu heyetlerinde g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015filerin tespitini ister. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dernekler, kurucu heyette g\u00f6rev alacak ki\u015fileri belirlemez veya bildirilenler gerekli nitelikleri haiz olmaz yahut say\u0131s\u0131 yediden az olursa, yetkili Bakanlar kurucu heyetleri do\u011frudan olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
14. Dava konusu kural\u0131n bulundu\u011fu maddede Dernek kurucu heyetlerinin, 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve 2843 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen esaslar\u0131 dikkate alarak yeni kurulacak derne\u011fin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131rlay\u0131p iki ay i\u00e7inde ilgili m\u00fclki amire vermek zorunda oldu\u011fu, m\u00fclki amirin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inceleyece\u011fi ve 3. madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem tesis edece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130kincic\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak\u2026\u201d ibaresi dava konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetimi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
16. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 33. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. Kanun\u2019un 42. Maddesinin (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n; (b) bendiyle d\u00fczenlenen 211 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 46. Maddenin Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Birinci C\u00fcmlesinde ve (c) bendiyle an\u0131lan kanunun 50. Maddesinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130barelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
17. Dava konusu kurallar \u00f6ncesinde garnizon komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinin hangi k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususunda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131na ait iken bu yetki s\u00f6z konusu kurallarla Bakanl\u0131\u011fa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesinde \u201cYasama yetkisi T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir. Bu yetki devredilemez.\u201d denilmektedir. Yasama yetkisinin devredilemezli\u011fi, esasen kanun koyma yetkisinin TBMM d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir organca kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 7. maddesi ile yasaklanan, kanun yapma yetkisinin devredilmesidir (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2021\/73, K.2022\/51, 21\/04\/2022, \u00a7 15; E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 21).<\/p>\n
19. Kanun koyucunun belli bir konuda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131 yetkilendirmesi yeterli olmakla birlikte Anayasa\u2019da kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na bireysel veya d\u00fczenleyici bir i\u015flem yapma yetkisi verilmesi yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturabilmektedir. Bu nedenle Anayasa\u2019da temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, vergi ve benzeri mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin konmas\u0131 ve memurlar\u0131n atanmas\u0131, \u00f6zl\u00fck haklar\u0131 gibi m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda kanunun temel esaslar\u0131, ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi belirlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin olarak benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2022\/102, K.2023\/154, 13\/09\/2023, \u00a7 22).<\/p>\n
20. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130darenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinin bir gere\u011fi olan hiyerar\u015fi bir kurumun kendi i\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan o kurumun g\u00f6revlileri aras\u0131ndaki astl\u0131k-\u00fcstl\u00fck durumunu ifade etmekte olup, bu yetki emir ve talimat verme, disiplin, atama, terfi, ast\u0131n i\u015flemlerini hukukilik ve yerindelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan denetleme, d\u00fczeltme, iptal etme gibi yetkileri i\u00e7ermektedir (AYM, E.2020\/59, K.2023\/53, 22\/03\/2023, \u00a7 10).<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re de memurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve di\u011fer \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015flerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekir. Y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri kamu hizmetinin niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda garnizon komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n genel idare esaslara g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen asli ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6revleri yerine getirdi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlisi olarak kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fi ve garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n atanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. 211 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 45. maddesine g\u00f6re ise garnizon i\u00e7inde birden fazla k\u0131ta, kararg\u00e2h veya asker\u00ee kurum bulunabilir.<\/p>\n
23. Kurallarla garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ta komutanlar\u0131 veya kurum amirleri aras\u0131ndan Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de, kuralda atanacak k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 ve kurum amirinin, garnizonda g\u00f6revli di\u011fer k\u0131ta komutan\u0131 veya kurum amiri ile ayn\u0131 ya da \u00fcst r\u00fctbede olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir h\u00fckme yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bu durumda garnizon komutan\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi hususunda Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ast-\u00fcst ili\u015fkisini g\u00f6zetmesini sa\u011flayacak bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve kuralda yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D) Kanun\u2019un 42. Maddesinin (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendiyle 926 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 41. Maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. Birinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Kuvvet Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d, ve \u0130kinci F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bendinde Yer Alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onayl\u0131…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan…\u201d, <\/p>\n
b. Kanun\u2019un 42. Maddesinin (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) Bendiyle 926 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 89. Maddesinde Yer Alan \u201c…kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u0130baresinin \u201c…Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca…\u201d \u015eeklinde De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi,<\/p>\n
c. Kanun\u2019un 42. Maddesinin (3) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendiyle 2941 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. Maddesinin \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc F\u0131kras\u0131na Eklenen \u0130kinci C\u00fcmlenin Eklenmesi<\/p>\n
25. 41. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi ve ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (II) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme ile general ve amiral d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki subaylara ait kadrolar\u0131n tespiti ile ilk defa fiili hizmet s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lacak albay miktar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri insan g\u00fcc\u00fc plan\u0131nda belirlenmi\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k subay yeti\u015ftirme miktar\u0131n\u0131n %3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 halinde bu say\u0131ya kadar art\u0131rma hususunda Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkili oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
26. 89. Maddede yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme ile Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131na ait astsubay kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n, her y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos tarihine kadar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (varsa bran\u015f\u0131) belirtilerek Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na eklenen ikinci c\u00fcmle ise TSK\u2019da seferberlik i\u015flemleriyle ilgili olarak Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenen kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanmaya ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin onaylanmas\u0131 konusunda Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na yetki vermektedir.<\/p>\n
28. \u0130ncelenen kurallar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ilgili kadro ve te\u015fkilatlanmaya ili\u015fkin belirleme yetkisi, Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ise belirlenen bu kadro ve te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u201conaylanma\u201d yetkisi vermektedir. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise kadrolar\u0131 belirleme yetkisini direk olarak Bakanl\u0131\u011fa vermektedir. Verilen yetki ister kadro tespitini isterse tespit edilen kadrolar\u0131 onaylamay\u0131 i\u00e7ersin yap\u0131lacak tasarruflar kadro ihdas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelecektir.<\/p>\n
29. Kadro ihdas\u0131 ise Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re yasama organ\u0131na ait temel bir ilkedir. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015fle birlikte, her ne kadar ayn\u0131 kanaatte olmasak da Mahkeme \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile d\u00fczenlenmesi planlanan idarelerdeki kadro ihdas\u0131n\u0131n bu idarelerin yap\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015ftir. Mahkemenin bu i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re kadro ihdas\u0131 ancak kanun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir. Dava konusu kurallarda ise bu yetki Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na verilmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle dava konusu kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar\u0131 Mahkemenin genel i\u00e7tihad\u0131na da terstir.<\/p>\n
30. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeplerle kadro ihdas\u0131 niteli\u011findeki davaya konu kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7., 123. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanaatiyle \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
4752 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesine 18\/2\/2021 tarih ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 31. maddesi ile eklenen 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde\u201d d\u00fczenlemesinin iptali talep edilmektedir. Kararda \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu c\u00fcmlenin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerle \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
4752 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesine eklenen 2. f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yledir; \u201cAstsubay meslek y\u00fcksek okullar\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirilecek yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131; Astsubay Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn talebi ve Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6stermesi \u00fczerine, Bakan onay\u0131 ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccret 11\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Personel Kanununun 16 nc\u0131 maddesi uyar\u0131nca Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilir.\u2019<\/p>\n
Madde metninden de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kanunla Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na verilen yetki yaln\u0131zca yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerine \u00f6denecek \u00fccrete y\u00f6nelik esaslar\u0131n belirlenmesi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n hangi i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fi gibi hususlara ili\u015fkin herhangi bir yetki i\u00e7ermemektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na verilen bu yetki, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin olmay\u0131p tamamen s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan \u00fccret esaslar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Anayasan\u0131n 48. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyeti, b\u00fct\u00fcn bireylere diledikleri alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, diledi\u011fi mesle\u011fe y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitim alma ve diledi\u011fi mesle\u011fi icra etme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler sadece ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zaman da serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, giri\u015fimciler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bir ba\u015fka ifade ile bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar hem de onlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 derecede ge\u00e7erlidir. Anayasan\u0131n 48. maddesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\/i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tam bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck getirilmekte ve taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran taraflar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkisinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini belirleme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yararlanarak ili\u015fkinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini diledikleri \u015fekilde d\u00fczenleyebilmektedirler.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma\/i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin i\u00e7eri\u011finde en \u00f6nemli konu \u00fccretin belirlenmesi olup, Anayasan\u0131n 48. maddesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkide \u00fccretin belirlenmesi hususunu tamamen taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131na b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Taraflar diledi\u011fi tutarda bir \u00fccret konusunda anla\u015fabilmesi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 de\u011fil bilakis \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir gere\u011fidir. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkisinde \u00fccretin belirlenmesinde kural olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ge\u00e7erli olsa da yine Anayasan\u0131n 55. maddesinde devlet, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fe uygun adaletli bir \u00fccret elde etmeleri ve di\u011fer sosyal yard\u0131mlardan yararlanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasama organ\u0131 Anayasan\u0131n vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bu \u00f6devin yerine getirilmesi kapsam\u0131nda, 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanununun 39. maddesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara \u00f6denecek \u00fccretin asgari s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n Asgari \u00dccret Komisyonunca belirlenece\u011fini belirterek, s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda belirlenecek \u00fccretlerin alt d\u00fczeyi konusunda bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanununda \u00e7izilmi\u015f olup, 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu 27. maddesinde yer alan d\u00fczenleme \u00fccretleri belirleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erlidir. Buna g\u00f6re, kanunun emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine, ahlaka, kamu d\u00fczenine, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 veya konusu imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere \u00fccretlerin belirlenmesinde esas olan s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmakla birlikte, kanun koyucu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 korumaya y\u00f6nelik olarak \u00fccretlere bir tak\u0131m yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yukar\u0131da belirtilen yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde iptali istenen kanun maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u00fccret esaslar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme yetkisi verilen Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na verilen \u00fccret esaslar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme yetkisinin bizzat ayn\u0131 kanunda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, mevzuatta \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen genel s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar bu yetkinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda da ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n atanmas\u0131 ve \u00fccretlerinin belirlenmesi Y\u00d6K Kanununun 34. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Y\u00d6K Kanununun 34. maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cY\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile g\u00f6revlendirilecek yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131, ilgili fak\u00fclte, enstit\u00fc veya y\u00fcksekokul y\u00f6netim kurulunun \u00f6nerisi ve \u00fcniversite y\u00f6netim kurulunun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fczerine rekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan atan\u0131rlar. Bunlar, \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, bu kanunda ayl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f olan h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabidirler. (De\u011fi\u015fik: 17\/8\/1983 – 2880\/17 md.) Yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde atanmalar\u0131 veya g\u00f6revlendirilmeleri, 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununun Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olmadan, Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulunca verilecek \u00f6n izni m\u00fcteakip \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni neticesinde ilgili \u00fcniversitesi ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131l\u0131r. (Ek f\u0131kra: 2\/7\/2018-KHK-703\/43 md.) Bu madde ve 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Personel Kanununun 16 nc\u0131 maddesine g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile g\u00f6revlendirilecek yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 dolu \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 kadrosu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n %2\u2019sini ge\u00e7emez. Bu kapsamdaki yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 itibariyle da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, isim, \u00fccret ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6rne\u011finin vizesi, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sona erdirilmesi, Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r\u201d. Bu maddenin son f\u0131kras\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin 7\/12\/2023 tarihli ve E: 2018\/117, K: 2023\/212 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile iptal edilmi\u015f olup, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak oniki ay sonra (4\/6\/2025) y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Personel Kanununun 16\u2019 nc\u0131 maddesine g\u00f6re, Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131nda Yabanc\u0131 Uyruklu \u00d6\u011fretim Eleman\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Esaslar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131 \u0130li\u015fik \u201cY\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131nda Yabanc\u0131 Uyruklu \u00d6\u011fretim Eleman\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Esaslar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Karar\u201d\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131; Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 14\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 047401 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine, Bakanlar Kurulunca 14\/10\/1983 tarihinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet sistemine ili\u015fkin Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sonras\u0131nda Bakanlar Kurulu kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fccret belirleme konusunda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim, 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 16. maddesinde bu husus a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re, \u201c 2547 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kanununun 34 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 uyruklu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccret, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenecek esaslar dahilinde Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulunca tespit edilir\u201d. Y\u00d6K Kanununun 34. maddesi ve 4752 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesine 18\/2\/2021 tarih ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 31. maddesi ile eklenen 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccret konusunda 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Personel Kanununun 16 nc\u0131 maddesine at\u0131f yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretlerinin belirlenmesi hususunda, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen esaslar dahilinde Y\u00d6K yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f iken, 4752 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesine 18\/2\/2021 tarih ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 31. maddesi ile eklenen 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 ile Astsubay meslek okullar\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirilen yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Bakanl\u0131k yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 4752 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 20. maddesine 18\/2\/2021 tarih ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 31. maddesi ile eklenen 2. f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca Astsubay meslek okullar\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirilen yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen esaslar dahilinde \u00fccretin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda Y\u00d6K yerine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkilendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131nda Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re, gerek 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 16. maddesinde gerekse 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 20. maddesine eklenen f\u0131krada \u00fccret esaslar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi konusunda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup, bu anlamda astsubay meslek okullar\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirilen yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k ya da belirsizlik s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. 4752 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20. maddesine 18\/2\/2021 tarih ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 31. maddesi ile eklenen 2. f\u0131kra 2914 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 16. maddesi ile ayn\u0131 i\u00e7erikte olup, yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kanuni g\u00fcvenceler yeterli \u015fekilde sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenen esaslar d\u00e2hilinde\u201dibaresinde Anayasan\u0131n 16., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, s\u00f6z konusu c\u00fcmlenin iptali y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 17\/10\/2024 tarihli, 2021\/44 esas – 2024\/172 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2021\/44 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/172 Karar Tarihi : 17\/10\/2024 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 30\/4\/2025-32886 \u00a0 \u0130PTAL DAVASINI A\u00c7AN: T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcyeleri Engin ALTAY, \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6ZEL, Engin \u00d6ZKO\u00c7 ile birlikte 129 milletvekili \u0130PTAL DAVASININ KONUSU: 18\/2\/2021 tarihli ve 7281 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un; A. 8. maddesiyle 27\/7\/1967 tarihli ve 926 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Personel Kanunu\u2019nun 46. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…disiplin amirleri de\u011fildirler.\u201d ibaresinin \u201c…disiplin amiridir.\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin, B. 20. maddesiyle 16\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Emekli Subaylar, Emekli Astsubaylar, Emekli Uzman Erba\u015flar, Harp Malul\u00fc Gaziler, \u015eehit Dul ve Yetimleri ile Muharip Gaziler Dernekleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin, C. 23. maddesiyle 2847 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 4. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c…\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak…\u201d ibaresinin, \u00c7. 24. maddesiyle 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2941 say\u0131l\u0131 Seferberlik ve Sava\u015f Hali Kanunu\u2019nun 7. maddesinin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c…Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d ibarelerinin \u201c…Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131n\u0131n…\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin, D. 31. maddesiyle 11\/4\/2002 tarihli ve 4752 say\u0131l\u0131 Astsubay Meslek Y\u00fcksek Okullar\u0131 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n