T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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ESRA ER\u0130N\u00c7 VE L\u00dcTF\u0130YE ASLI ER\u0130N\u00c7 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/60087)<\/p>\n
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Karar Tarihi: 15\/1\/2025<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
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Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
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Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Ekin \u00c7ANKAL<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucular<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
1. Esra ER\u0130N\u00c7<\/p>\n
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2. L\u00fctfiye Asl\u0131 ER\u0130N\u00c7<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Abbas YAL\u00c7IN<\/p>\n
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I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, ulusal bir gazetede yay\u0131mlanan bir haber sebebiyle manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. 1936 do\u011fumlu olan ba\u015fvurucu Mehmet Orhan Erin\u00e7, Cumhuriyet gazetesi Genel Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmenli\u011fi ve Cumhuriyet Vakf\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revlerini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f; muhabirlik, istihbarat \u015fefli\u011fi, yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmenli\u011fi gibi gazetecilik mesle\u011finin \u00e7e\u015fitli kollar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. 5\/4\/2016 tarihinde [S.S.] isimli \u015fark\u0131c\u0131 Twitter sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m platformunda, Mara\u015f’a m\u00fclteci yerle\u015ftirmeyin hashtagli bir payla\u015f\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015f, “Memleketim Kahramanmara\u015f’tan ba\u015fka yer mi yok koca \u00fclkede!” ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 13\/12\/2016 tarihinde [A.\u015e.] isimli akademisyen ise “Ey Halep’te \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131, sivilleri korkak\u00e7a bombalayan rejimi savunan mezhep\u00e7iler: Sizi bu co\u011frafyada yeni Malazgirtler bekliyor.”; “Bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesinde bir Malazgirt ya\u015fanacak. \u015eah \u0130smail’in ba\u011fnaz mezhep\u00e7i pi\u00e7leri hesap verecek. \u015eahla\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z. Yavuzla\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.” \u015feklinde payla\u015f\u0131mlar yapm\u0131\u015f; s\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcniversite y\u00f6netimince ba\u015flat\u0131lan idari soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Bunun \u00fczerine [H.K.] isimli gazeteci de “Abd\u00fclkadir \u015een a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nd\u0131ysa, t\u00fcm Halep halk\u0131na ‘cihat\u00e7\u0131’, katliama ‘temizlik’ diyen \u015feref yoksunu akademisyenler de a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131ns\u0131n.”; “Ama onlara 1 \u015fey olmaz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00fclkede S\u00fcnnilere k\u00fcf\u00fcr, mazluma iftira serbestisi var. RTE olmasa bu kompleksli ‘muhafazakar’lar\u0131n eline kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.” \u015feklinde payla\u015f\u0131mlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca [S.S.]’nin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili olarak da “\u015eunun tek konserini bile iptal ettirememi\u015f, benzerlerinin filmlerini\/dizilerini izleyen 1 toplulu\u011fuz. Ondan sonra Halep i\u00e7in Erdo\u011fan’\u0131 su\u00e7lay\u0131n!” ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. S\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 takiben ba\u015fvurucu ise 16\/12\/2016 tarihinde ‘”T\u00fcrk Bayra\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ismi de\u011fi\u015fsin’ diyen [H.K.] \u2018Alevileri katledin\u2019 diyen akademisyene sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131!” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir haber yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezk\u00fbr haber \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“AKP\u2019ye yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131nan Sabah yazar\u0131 [H.K.], Alevileri katletme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan [A.\u015e.]ye sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Havuz Medyas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilen yanda\u015f Sabah gazetesinin yanda\u015f yazar\u0131 [H.K.], [H.K.], Alevileri katletme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan [A.\u015e.]ye sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
[A.\u015e.]ye destek mesajlar\u0131 payla\u015fan [K.] ayr\u0131ca, \u201cMara\u015f\u2019a m\u00fclteci yerle\u015ftirmeyin\u201d tweetini atan pop \u015fark\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 [S.K.]y\u0131 da hedef g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6revden al\u0131nan [\u015e.]ye destek tweetleri atan [K.], pop sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 [S.K.]’y\u0131 hedef alarak \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131: [\u0130fadeler yukar\u0131da zikredilmi\u015ftir]”<\/p>\n
6. \u0130lgili haberin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 te\u015fkil etti\u011fini iddia eden [H.K.] (davac\u0131) ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine 50.000 TL mebla\u011f\u0131nda manevi tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davac\u0131, s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi ifadelerin sanki kendisi dile getirmi\u015f gibi haberde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haberin iftira niteli\u011finde olup kendisini hedef g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130lk derece mahkemesi davan\u0131n k\u0131smen kabul\u00fcne, 5.000 TL manevi tazminat\u0131n faiziyle davac\u0131ya \u00f6denmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. Mahkemeye g\u00f6re, ihtilafl\u0131 haberde davac\u0131n\u0131n nefret su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi iddia edilmi\u015f; bu h\u00e2liyle zikredilen yasa maddelerindeki ko\u015fullar davac\u0131 yarar\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Karar\u0131n istinaf edilmesi \u00fczerine, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi “AKP’ye yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile tan\u0131nan Sabah yazar\u0131 [H.K.], alevileri katletme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan [A.\u015e.]ye sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Zira B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesine g\u00f6re davac\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 [A.\u015e.]ye sahip \u00e7\u0131kma kast\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131p toplumu ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 beyanlarda ve faaliyetlerde bulunan t\u00fcm akademisyenlere y\u00f6nelik tepki ve ele\u015ftiri i\u00e7ermekte olup davac\u0131, [A.\u015e.] a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nacaksa ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131klama yapan t\u00fcm akademisyenlerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen ba\u015fvurucunun haberde davac\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimi uyand\u0131rmaya elveri\u015fli bir \u00fcslup ve subjektif bir dil kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren mahkeme, ihtilaf\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131ndaki haberin bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi kanaatine varm\u0131\u015f ve istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar kesin niteliktedir.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucu 16\/12\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Cumhuriyet gazetesinin imtiyaz sahibi ve Yenig\u00fcn Haber Ajans\u0131 Bas\u0131n ve Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e. Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan ba\u015fvurucu, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 Ocak ay\u0131nda vefat etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 6\/3\/2024 tarihinde sunduklar\u0131 dilek\u00e7ede ba\u015fvuruya devam ettiklerini bildirmi\u015ftir. Yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lardan Huriye Oya Erin\u00e7’in de 8\/6\/2024 tarihinde vefat etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar Esra ve L\u00fctfiye Asl\u0131 Erin\u00e7’in ba\u015fvuruya devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurucu, ilk derece mahkemesinin davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n tek c\u00fcmleden ibaret bir gerek\u00e7e ortaya koydu\u011funu, davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131n\u0131n gazeteci olduklar\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n Twitter payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerine haberin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haberde iftira ya da hakaret niteli\u011finde tek bir ifadenin mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesinin ortaya koydu\u011fu dengeleme \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinin derece mahkemelerince uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen ba\u015fvurucu, derece mahkemelerinin verdi\u011fi kararlar\u0131n ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ile adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015feref ve itibar hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise iddian\u0131n kanun yolu \u015fik\u00e2yeti niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, derece mahkemeleri kararlar\u0131n\u0131n bariz takdir hatas\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k keyf\u00eelik i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011finin dikkate al\u0131narak inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanlar\u0131nda ba\u015fvuru formundaki iddialar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvuru, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
13. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan 11\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu’nun 58. maddesinin kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcdahalenin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu noktada m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygunluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde korunan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan orant\u0131l\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale olmas\u0131 gerekir (Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 53-55; Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131n [GK], B. No: 2013\/9343, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 70-72). Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru amac\u0131 olan davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Taraflardan birinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile di\u011ferinin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan haklar aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler genel olarak \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
i. \u0130fadelerin kim taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi\u011fi (Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, B. No: 2014\/1577, 25\/10\/2017, \u00a7 59; Nihat Zeybekci, B. No: 2015\/5633, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 29)<\/p>\n
ii. Hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu, \u00fcnl\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fczeyi ve \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yan\u0131nda katlanmas\u0131 gereken ele\u015ftirinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n sade bir vatanda\u015fa g\u00f6re daha geni\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kamusal yetki kullanan bir g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 82; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 45; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; Ali Suat Ertosun (7), B. No: 2014\/1416, 15\/10\/2015, \u00a7 36; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2018\/17635, 26\/7\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 128, 129; hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin siyaset\u00e7i olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 66, 67; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2) [GK], B. No: 2013\/8503, 27\/10\/2015, \u00a7 56; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 59-61)<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130fadelerin genel yarara ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamuoyu ile di\u011fer ki\u015filerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 69; \u00c7etin Do\u011fan (2) [GK], B. No: 2014\/3494, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 62; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 56; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 66-73; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 32)<\/p>\n
iv. Kamuyu bilgilendirme de\u011feri, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve konunun g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130brahim Okur (2), B. No: 2018\/12363, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 28; Seray \u015eahiner \u00d6zkan, B. No: 2016\/6439, 9\/6\/2021, \u00a7 44)<\/p>\n
v. M\u00fc\u015ftekinin kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Temel Co\u015fkun, B. No: 2017\/1632, 29\/1\/2020, \u00a7 33; \u015eaban Sevin\u00e7 (2), B. No: 2016\/36777, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 42; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 39)<\/p>\n
vi. \u0130fadelerin hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi (Ali Suat Ertosun (2), B. No: 2013\/1592, 20\/5\/2015, \u00a7 33; H\u00fcseyin Kocab\u0131y\u0131k, B. No: 2020\/15593, 22\/11\/2022, \u00a7 24)<\/p>\n
vii. Cezaland\u0131rmaya konu edilen ifadelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flamdan kopar\u0131l\u0131p kopar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 52; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 62, 63; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, B. No: 2014\/6009, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 45, Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 36)<\/p>\n
viii. Ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalma endi\u015fesinin kendisi \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yarat\u0131p yaratmayaca\u011f\u0131 (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 79; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, B. No: 2014\/12482, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 46)<\/p>\n
ix. Dava konusu s\u00f6ylemlerin maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 veya de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyece\u011fi (Deniz Karadeniz ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2014\/18001, 6\/2\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 48, 49; Durmu\u015f Fikri Sa\u011flar (2) [GK], B. No: 2017\/29735, 17\/3\/2021, \u00a7 50)<\/p>\n
15. Somut olayda gazeteci ba\u015fvurucu, yine gazeteci olan davac\u0131n\u0131n sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir haber sebebiyle manevi tazminat \u00f6demeye mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu haberde ba\u015fvurucuya g\u00f6re h\u00fckumete yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bilinen davac\u0131n\u0131n, akademisyen A.\u015e.nin Aleviler aleyhine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131ma destek verdi\u011fi; yine \u015fark\u0131c\u0131 S.K.y\u0131 hedef g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f ve davac\u0131n\u0131n tweetine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
16. Yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en payla\u015f\u0131mlar incelendi\u011finde (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 3, 4), S.K.n\u0131n bir Kahramanmara\u015fl\u0131 olarak m\u00fcltecilerin memleketine yerle\u015ftirilmesine tepki g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi; A.\u015e.nin de Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak, sivilleri \u00f6ld\u00fcren rejime destek veren \u015eii mezhebinden ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik \u015eah \u0130smail’in ba\u011fnaz mezhep\u00e7i pi\u00e7leri ifadesini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u015eah \u0130smail ile Yavuz Sultan Selimin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi ve \u015eah \u0130smail’in yenildi\u011fi \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131’na atfen “\u015eahla\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z. Yavuzla\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.” dedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunlarla ilgili davac\u0131 ise S.K.n\u0131n m\u00fcltecilerle ilgili s\u00f6ylemleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda konserlerinin iptal edilmeyi\u015fini; buna kar\u015f\u0131n A.\u015e.nin ise payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 sebebiyle a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. \u015eu h\u00e2lde, ihtilaf\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131ndaki haberin davac\u0131n\u0131n bizzat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 konu ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu h\u00e2liyle olgusal bir temeli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n derece mahkemesi somut olayda davac\u0131n\u0131n nefret su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f; haberin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, haberde davac\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimi uyand\u0131rmaya elveri\u015fli bir \u00fcslup ve s\u00fcbjektif bir dil kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine varm\u0131\u015f, ancak davac\u0131n\u0131n tweetini aynen al\u0131nt\u0131lamak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda davac\u0131 hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir de\u011ferlendirme yapmayan ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6zlerinin hangi sebeple bu manaya geldi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa Mahkemesinin \u00e7ok say\u0131da karar\u0131nda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne gerek\u00e7esiz olarak veya Anayasa Mahkemesince ortaya konulan kriterleri kar\u015f\u0131lamayan bir gerek\u00e7e ile yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerin Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesini ihlal edece\u011fini belirtti\u011fi hat\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r (Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7 58; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 56; Tansel \u00c7\u00f6la\u015fan, B. No: 2014\/6128, 7\/7\/2015, \u00a7 56; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 120). Derece mahkemeleri, ba\u015fvuruya konu ifadelerin ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131, bizzat davac\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerine haberin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal konumunu, hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan habere cevap verecek ara\u00e7lara sahip oldu\u011funu dikkate almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple derece mahkemesinin ba\u015fvurucunun aleyhine manevi tazminata h\u00fckmetmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7eler, ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in ilgili ve yeterli kabul edilemez. Sonu\u00e7 olarak derece mahkemelerinin ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurdu\u011fundan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvurucu ihlalin tespiti, yeniden yarg\u0131lama ve manevi tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
21 Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi mahkemece yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni bir karar vermektir (bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
22. \u00d6te yandan hak ihlali karar\u0131ndan Anayasa Mahkemesinin davan\u0131n sonucuyla ilgili olarak bir tutum sergiledi\u011fi sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesince verilen hak ihlali karar\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olup davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, reddine ya da beraate veya mahk\u00fbmiyete karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Kural olarak, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek \u00fczere yeniden yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lama sonunda da delillerin dava ile ili\u015fkisini kurma ve bunlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirip sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi ilgili mahkemelere aittir.<\/p>\n
23. Eski h\u00e2le getirme kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurucuya manevi zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda net 34.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L’in kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul 11. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine (E.2017\/41, K.2017\/542) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvuruculara net 34.000 TL manevi tazminat\u0131n M\u00dc\u015eTEREKEN \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 487,60 TL har\u00e7 ve 30.000 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 30.487,60 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvuruculara M\u00dc\u015eTEREKEN \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 15\/1\/2025 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
1- Ba\u015fvuru, ulusal bir gazetede yay\u0131mlanan bir haber sebebiyle gazeteci ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2- Ba\u015fvurunun arka plan\u0131 incelenecek olursa; akademisyen olarak g\u00f6rev yapan A. \u015e.; “Ey Halep’te \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131, sivilleri korkak\u00e7a bombalayan rejimi savunan mezhep\u00e7iler: Sizi bu co\u011frafyada yeni Malazgirtler bekliyor.”; “Bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesinde bir Malazgirt ya\u015fanacak. \u015eah \u0130smail’in ba\u011fnaz mezhep\u00e7i pi\u00e7leri hesap verecek. \u015eahla\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z. Yavuzla\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.” \u015feklinde payla\u015f\u0131mlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu payla\u015f\u0131mlar \u00fczerine de \u00fcniversite y\u00f6netimi an\u0131lan \u015fahs\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na (a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nmas\u0131na) karar vermi\u015ftir. Bu karar \u00fczerine H.K. (davac\u0131) da “A.\u015e. a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nd\u0131ysa, t\u00fcm Halep halk\u0131na ‘cihat\u00e7\u0131’, katliama ‘temizlik’ diyen \u015feref yoksunu akademisyenler de a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131ns\u0131n.”; “Ama onlara 1 \u015fey olmaz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00fclkede S\u00fcnnilere k\u00fcf\u00fcr, mazluma iftira serbestisi var. RTE olmasa bu kompleksli ‘muhafazakar’lar\u0131n eline kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.” \u015feklinde ele\u015ftiride bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
3- Ba\u015fvurucu da davac\u0131y\u0131 ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hedef alarak “‘T\u00fcrk Bayra\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ismi de\u011fi\u015fsin’ diyen H.K. \u2018Alevileri katledin\u2019 diyen akademisyene sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131!” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla haber yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haberin i\u00e7eri\u011finde de “AKP\u2019ye yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131nan Sabah yazar\u0131 H.K., Alevileri katletme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan A.\u015e.\u2019e sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Havuz Medyas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilen yanda\u015f Sabah gazetesinin yanda\u015f yazar\u0131 H.K., Alevileri katletme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan A.\u015e.\u2019e sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.” \u015feklinde ifadelere yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4- Davac\u0131, haberde yer alan ifadelerin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia ederek ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine manevi tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Derece mahkemeleri de payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n toplumu ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 beyanlarda ve faaliyetlerde bulunan akademisyenlere y\u00f6nelik tepki ve ele\u015ftiri i\u00e7erdi\u011fi, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131klama yapan t\u00fcm akademisyenlerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n haberin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu haliyle ba\u015fvurucunun bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden faydalanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle aleyhine manevi tazminata h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5-Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. ve 28. maddeleri s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc garanti etmemi\u015ftir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 12. maddesinin “Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, ki\u015finin topluma, ailesine ve di\u011fer ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6dev ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 da ihtiva eder” bi\u00e7imindeki ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, ki\u015filerin sahip olduklar\u0131 temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri kullan\u0131rken \u00f6dev ve sorumluluklar\u0131na da g\u00f6nderme yapmaktad\u0131r. 26. maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131na bas\u0131n i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olan baz\u0131 g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar getirmektedir (bas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak bkz. \u00c7etin Do\u011fan (2) [GK], B. No: 2014\/3494, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 54-58; Orhan Pala [2. B.], B. No: 2014\/2983, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 46; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 [2.B.], B. No: 2014\/6009, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 43).<\/p>\n
6-Bu g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rme ihtimalinin bulundu\u011fu ve \u00f6zellikle ad\u0131 verilen bir \u015fahs\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda \u00f6zel \u00f6nem arz eder. Bireyin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131, ki\u015fisel kimli\u011finin ve manevi b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n korumas\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131r (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 44). Devlet, bireyin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131na keyf\u00ee olarak m\u00fcdahale etmemek ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran [2. B.], B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 41; Adnan Oktar (3) [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/1123, 2\/10\/2013, \u00a7 33; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 45; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, \u00a7 44; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/1577, 25\/10\/2017, \u00a7 54).<\/p>\n
7- \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik olarak tazminata veya cezaya karar verirken ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan yarardan \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r basan, korunmas\u0131 gereken bir yarar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilirken \u201colgusal iddialar\u201d ile \u201cde\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131\u201d aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n dikkatlice ortaya konmas\u0131 gerekir. Olgusal iddialar\u0131n dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnken de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir (De Haes and Gijsels\/Bel\u00e7ika, B. No: 19983\/92, 24\/2\/1997, \u00a7 42). Bu ba\u011flamda somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun yaz\u0131s\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi ifadenin a\u00e7\u0131k olarak olgusal iddia temelinde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilerek de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8- Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik hale gelmi\u015f kararlar\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, ki\u015filerin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ile \u015feref ve itibar haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinin; ki\u015filerin \u015feref ve itibar haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u00f6zlerin i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 metnin veya konu\u015fman\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi, konu\u015fman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flamdan kopart\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n olay\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ve taraflar\u0131n konumlar\u0131 ile s\u00f6z konusu ifadelere cevap verebilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funun dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9-Belirtmek gerekir ki bir gazeteci olan ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fiddet dili kullanan bir ki\u015fiyle ilgili olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m sebebiyle kendisi gibi gazeteci olan davac\u0131y\u0131 ele\u015ftirmesi, ba\u011flam\u0131nda ilgili davac\u0131 gazeteciye y\u00f6nelik ifadeler kullanmas\u0131 tabiidir. Bununla birlikte ele\u015ftiri zeminin yeterli olgusal temellere dayanmas\u0131 ve buna g\u00f6re ifadelerin \u00f6zenle se\u00e7ilmesi gazetecilik mesle\u011finin bir gere\u011fidir (Mustafa Nihat Behramo\u011flu [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/11299, 26\/10\/2016, \u00a7 42). Ayn\u0131 zamanda bas\u0131n\u0131n gazetecilik etik ve ilkelerine uygun olarak iyi niyetle topluma do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenilir bilgi sa\u011flama \u00f6dev ve sorumlulu\u011funu yerine getirip getirmedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bu nedenle \u00f6ncelikle habere konu edilen davac\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
10-Somut olayda H. K.\u2019a ait payla\u015f\u0131mda, A.\u015e. isimli ki\u015finin bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunmas\u0131 sebebiyle a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nmas\u0131na tepki olarak bu ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte olan ve Suriye\u2019deki sava\u015fta rejimle m\u00fccadele edenleri cihat\u00e7\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ren ve katliam\u0131 temizlik olarak adland\u0131ran ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulamayan kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir ele\u015ftiri getirilmi\u015ftir. H.K.\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m ne bir fikri \u00f6vmekte ne de \u201cAlevi\u201d veya herhangi bir mezhebin katledilmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini desteklemektedir. \u00d6te yandan bu fikri savunan herhangi bir kimseyi de korumamaktad\u0131r. Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin her birine kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc yetkisini elinde bulunduranlar\u0131n adil yakla\u015fmamas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftiriden ibarettir.<\/p>\n
11- Bununla birlikte ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ifadeler ise davac\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n genel anlam\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Haberde, H.K. sava\u015f ve katletme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan bir ki\u015fiyi ve bu ki\u015finin fikirlerini destekleyen, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu ki\u015fiye sahip \u00e7\u0131kan biri olarak yans\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu haliyle an\u0131lan ifadelerin olgusal kesinlik i\u00e7ermeyen bir \u00fcslup ile yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bir de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fvurucunun yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Alevileri katledin diyen akademisyene sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kesinlik i\u00e7eren anlam\u0131 okuyucular taraf\u0131ndan davac\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten de bu y\u00f6nde bir payla\u015f\u0131ma destek verdi\u011fi \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6zlerinin bir gazeteci olarak hareket eden davac\u0131n\u0131n somut baz\u0131 tutum veya s\u00f6zlerine y\u00f6nelik bir ele\u015ftiri oldu\u011fu da olduk\u00e7a \u015f\u00fcphelidir. Ba\u015fvuruya konu s\u00f6zlerle A.\u015e. isimli ki\u015finin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddet dilinin sorumlulu\u011fu davac\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a y\u00fcklenmekte; davac\u0131 \u201cAlevi\u201d mezhepli ki\u015fileri “katletme”, destek\u00e7isi gibi indirgeyici bir dille ve olgusal bir temeli olmadan a\u011f\u0131r bir \u015fekilde su\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130snat edilen s\u00f6ylemin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ki\u015finin itibar\u0131n\u0131 zedelemedeki olas\u0131 etkisi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberde iyi niyetten uzak ve dikkatsiz davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Davac\u0131 bir gazeteci de olsa kendisinden buna katlanmas\u0131, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stermesi gerekti\u011finin s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12- Belirtilen bu durum ile s\u00f6z konusu ibarelerin anlam ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak derece mahkemeleri kararlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun olmayan ve olgusal bir temel bar\u0131nd\u0131rmayan haber nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesinin zorunlu toplumsal bir ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilen m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in derece mahkemelerinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7elerin de ilgili ve yeterli oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13- \u00d6te yandan somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun adli bir ceza ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca aleyhine h\u00fckmedilen tazminat\u0131n da ekonomik durumuna uygun ve hafif kabul edilebilecek bir miktarda oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ba\u015fvurucu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan durumun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fundan da s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n
14- Bu nedenlerle, ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi \u015feklindeki \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 15\/1\/2025 tarihli ve 2021\/60087 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 ESRA ER\u0130N\u00c7 VE L\u00dcTF\u0130YE ASLI ER\u0130N\u00c7 BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/60087) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 15\/1\/2025 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : Ekin \u00c7ANKAL Ba\u015fvurucular : 1. Esra ER\u0130N\u00c7 \u00a0 \u00a0 2. L\u00fctfiye Asl\u0131 ER\u0130N\u00c7 Vekili : Av. Abbas YAL\u00c7IN \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, ulusal bir gazetede yay\u0131mlanan bir haber sebebiyle manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. 1936 do\u011fumlu olan ba\u015fvurucu Mehmet Orhan Erin\u00e7, Cumhuriyet gazetesi Genel Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmenli\u011fi ve Cumhuriyet Vakf\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revlerini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f; muhabirlik, istihbarat \u015fefli\u011fi, yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmenli\u011fi gibi gazetecilik mesle\u011finin \u00e7e\u015fitli kollar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. 5\/4\/2016 tarihinde [S.S.] isimli \u015fark\u0131c\u0131 Twitter sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m platformunda, Mara\u015f’a m\u00fclteci yerle\u015ftirmeyin hashtagli bir payla\u015f\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015f, “Memleketim Kahramanmara\u015f’tan ba\u015fka yer mi yok koca \u00fclkede!” ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 13\/12\/2016 tarihinde [A.\u015e.] isimli akademisyen ise “Ey Halep’te \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131, sivilleri korkak\u00e7a bombalayan rejimi savunan mezhep\u00e7iler: Sizi bu co\u011frafyada yeni Malazgirtler bekliyor.”; “Bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesinde bir Malazgirt ya\u015fanacak. \u015eah \u0130smail’in ba\u011fnaz mezhep\u00e7i pi\u00e7leri hesap verecek. \u015eahla\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z. Yavuzla\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.” \u015feklinde payla\u015f\u0131mlar yapm\u0131\u015f; s\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 sebebiyle …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n