T.C.<\/p>\n
\u0130STANBUL<\/p>\n
B\u00d6LGE ADL\u0130YE MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
46. HUKUK DA\u0130RES\u0130<\/p>\n
DOSYA NO: 2023\/3396<\/p>\n
KARAR NO: 2023\/3076<\/p>\n
KARAR TAR\u0130H\u0130: 28\/12\/2023<\/p>\n
T \u00dc R K M \u0130 L L E T \u0130 A D I N A
\nB \u00d6 L G E A D L \u0130 Y E M A H K E M E S \u0130 K A R A R I<\/p>\n
\u0130NCELENEN KARARIN MAHKEMES\u0130: \u0130STANBUL 13. ASL\u0130YE T\u0130CARET MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
TAR\u0130H\u0130: 28\/07\/2023<\/p>\n
NUMARASI: 2023\/494 Esas – 2023\/575 Karar<\/p>\n
DAVANIN KONUSU: Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Ara\u00e7 Sat\u0131m\u0131 – Misli \u0130le De\u011fi\u015fim<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131nda ilk derece mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen davan\u0131n yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 neticesinde verilen karara ili\u015fkin davac\u0131 vekilince s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde istinaf edilmesi \u00fczerine, istinaf dilek\u00e7esinin esasa kayd\u0131 sonras\u0131 dosya i\u00e7erisindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn belge, bilgi ve ka\u011f\u0131tlar okundu.<\/p>\n
G E R E \u011e \u0130 D \u00dc \u015e \u00dc N \u00dc L D \u00dc: Dava; ay\u0131pl\u0131 ara\u00e7 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 iddias\u0131na dayal\u0131 ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015fim, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde de\u011fer kayb\u0131 istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131, davaya cevap vermemi\u015ftir. \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi’nce; “…davan\u0131n daval\u0131 taraftan sat\u0131n al\u0131nan arac\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeni ile ay\u0131ps\u0131z misliyle de\u011fi\u015fimi yahut ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda bedelden indirimine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6rev, kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda re\u2019sen dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. 28\/11\/2013 tarihli Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan ve 28\/05\/014 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 2. maddesinde kanunun kapsam\u0131 \u201cbu Kanun, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar\u0131 kapsar\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kanun’un \u201ctan\u0131mlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. maddesinde ise t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi, \u201cMal veya hizmet piyasalar\u0131nda kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7larla hareket eden veya onun ad\u0131na ya da hesab\u0131na hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda kurulan, eser, ta\u015f\u0131ma, simsarl\u0131k, sigorta, vek\u00e2let, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve benzeri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve hukuki i\u015flemi ifade eder\u201d bi\u00e7iminde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6502 say\u0131l\u0131 TKHK’n\u0131n 73. maddesi uyar\u0131nca t\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalardan do\u011facak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemesi g\u00f6revli k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dosya kapsam\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; arac\u0131n ruhsat\u0131nda; “Kullan\u0131m amac\u0131:Y\u00fck Ta\u015f\u0131ma-HUSUS\u0130” olarak belirtilmi\u015f, Emsal niteli\u011findeki \u0130stanbul BAM 37.HD 08\/06\/2020 tarih 2020\/299 esas 2020\/1200 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda; “…sigortal\u0131 arac\u0131n da ara\u00e7 ruhsat\u0131na g\u00f6re hususi ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu, ticari ara\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131…anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca T\u00fcketici Mahkemesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekir…”; \u0130stanbul BAM 37.HD 12\/09\/2019 tarih 2019\/686 esas 2019\/2032 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda; “… Sigortal\u0131 arac\u0131n trafik kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda hususi ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu,… uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel ili\u015fkiye g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan davan\u0131n T\u00fcketici Mahkemesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekir…” denilmektedir. Arac\u0131n kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan tespitler, dava dilek\u00e7esinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve emsal kararlar kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma neticesinde arac\u0131n hususi ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu belirlendi\u011finden davan\u0131n t\u00fcketici mahkemesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekti\u011finden Mahkememizin g\u00f6revli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ara\u00e7 hususi nitelikte oldu\u011fundan T\u00fcketici Mahkemesinin g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu…” gerek\u00e7esi ile; “HMK’nun 114\/(1)-c ile 115\/(2) madde uyar\u0131nca Mahkememizin G\u00d6REVS\u0130ZL\u0130\u011e\u0130 sebebiyle davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan USULDEN REDD\u0130NE,” \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, davac\u0131 vekilince istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131 vekili istinaf dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; S\u0131rf arac\u0131n ruhsat\u0131nda; “Kullan\u0131m amac\u0131: y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma-hususi” olarak belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan bahisle arac\u0131n hususi kullan\u0131ma \u00f6zg\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde hatal\u0131 bir tespitte bulunuldu\u011funu, oysa dava konusu arac\u0131n \u015firket i\u00e7in al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6yle ki; \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi \u00fczerine al\u0131nan ara\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00d6TV indiriminden dahi yararlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, emsal kararlarda da g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere; \u00f6ncelikle ticari i\u015f – adi i\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kesin olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekirken aksi halde eksik incelemeye dayal\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n bozma nedeni oldu\u011funu, davac\u0131n\u0131n dava konusu arac\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131rken bunun ticari i\u015fletmesiyle ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir beyan\u0131 yok iken ve i\u015fin ticari say\u0131lmas\u0131na engel bir durum yok iken; daval\u0131lar ile yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ticari i\u015f de\u011fil de adi i\u015f oldu\u011fu tespitinin hatal\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bahisle g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131n\u0131n istinaf incelemesi neticesinde kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130stinaf sebeplerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve gerek\u00e7e;Ay\u0131pl\u0131 ara\u00e7 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 iddias\u0131na dayal\u0131 ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015fim, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde de\u011fer kayb\u0131 istemine ili\u015fkin eldeki davada, yerel mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verildi\u011fi, karara ili\u015fkin olarak da davac\u0131 yanca yine az yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 sebeplere dayanarak \u0130stinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6revle ilgili d\u00fczenlemeler kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup taraflar ileri s\u00fcrmese dahi yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda resen g\u00f6zetilir.<\/p>\n
28.11.2013 tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan ve 28.05.2014 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun (TKHK) 2. maddesinde Kanunun kapsam\u0131; \u201cBu Kanun, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar\u0131 kapsar\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunun \u201ctan\u0131mlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (l) bendinde ise t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi, \u201cMal veya hizmet piyasalar\u0131nda kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7larla hareket eden veya onun ad\u0131na ya da hesab\u0131na hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda kurulan, eser, ta\u015f\u0131ma, simsarl\u0131k, sigorta, vek\u00e2let, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve benzeri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve hukuk\u00ee i\u015flemi ifade eder\u201d bi\u00e7iminde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6502 say\u0131l\u0131 TKHK’n\u0131n 73. maddesi uyar\u0131nca t\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalardan do\u011facak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemesi g\u00f6revli k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda Kanunun 83. maddesinde de taraflardan birini t\u00fcketicinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u015flemler ile ilgili di\u011fer kanunlarda d\u00fczenleme olmas\u0131n\u0131n, bu i\u015flemin t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu Kanunun g\u00f6rev ve yetkiye ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bir hukuk\u00ee i\u015flemin sadece 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na o i\u015flemden kaynaklanan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcketici mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini gerektirmez. Bir hukuki i\u015flemin 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in taraflardan birinin t\u00fcketici olmas\u0131 gerekir. Yine, 01.07.2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK’n\u0131n 5\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca da, ticari davalara bakmak g\u00f6revi, asliye ticaret mahkemesine aittir. Ticari davalar, mutlak ve nispi ticari davalar olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nispi ticari davalar, TTK’n\u0131n 4\/1. maddesinin ilk c\u00fcmlesinde tarif edilmi\u015f olup, her iki taraf\u0131n da “Ticari i\u015fletmesiyle ilgili hususlardan kaynaklanan” hukuk davalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mutlak ticari davalar ise taraflar\u0131n tacir olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131na ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n taraflar\u0131n ticari i\u015fletmeleri ile ilgili bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n yasa gere\u011fi ticari dava say\u0131lan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klard\u0131r. TTK’n\u0131n 4\/1-a ve devam\u0131 bentlerinde yaz\u0131lan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar ile di\u011fer yasalarda ticari dava oldu\u011fu belirtilen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar, mutlak ticari davalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir davan\u0131n ticari dava say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n her iki taraf y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ticari say\u0131lan hususlardan do\u011fmas\u0131 veya 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK’n\u0131n 4. maddesinde say\u0131lan mutlak ticari davalardan olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu genel a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; dava konusu arac\u0131n trafik ruhsat kayd\u0131nda kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 olarak, \u201cy\u00fck nakli- hususi\u201d yazmakta oldu\u011fu, dava konusu arac\u0131n ruhsat\u0131nda y\u00fck nakli oldu\u011funun belirtilmesinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na sat\u0131\u015f i\u015fleminin t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyece\u011fi, arac\u0131 sat\u0131n alan ki\u015finin ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7la hareket etmemesi, yani arac\u0131 ticari veya mesleki faaliyetinde kullanmak \u00fczere sat\u0131n almamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, dava konusu arac\u0131n ruhsat\u0131nda kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck nakli-hususi yazmakta oldu\u011fu, arac\u0131n, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair dosyada bir delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi davac\u0131 yan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi olup tacir oldu\u011funa dair bilgi ve belgeye dosyada rastlan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Yarg\u0131tay 20. H.D. 28\/06\/2017 Tarih ve 2017\/6990 Esas-2017\/5940 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131) ve davac\u0131 yanca da bu hususta herhangi bir belge ibraz edilmedi\u011fi, bu haliyle de davac\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcketici oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi ve sonu\u00e7 olarak da taraflar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla; yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamaya, toplanan delillere ve dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re, mahkeme karar\u0131 ve dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler usul ve yasaya uygun bulundu\u011fundan, yerel mahkeme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yerinde olmayan davac\u0131 yan\u0131n \u0130stinaf isteminin HMK’nun 353\/1-b.1 maddesi gere\u011fince esastan reddine karar vermek gerekti\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131lmakla, oy birli\u011fi ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00fckm\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131 cihetine gidilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
H \u00dc K \u00dc M: Gerek\u00e7esi yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere ;<\/p>\n
1.HMK m.353\/1-b-1 gere\u011fince davac\u0131n\u0131n istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan REDD\u0130NE<\/p>\n
2.\u0130stinaf incelemesinin duru\u015fmas\u0131z olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle AA\u00dcT 2\/2 h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca \u00fccreti vekalet taktirine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na,<\/p>\n
3.Davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yat\u0131r\u0131lan 269,85 TL harc\u0131n mahsubu ile yeniden har\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na,<\/p>\n
4.\u0130stinaf ba\u015fvurusu i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin HMK’n\u0131n 360 \u0131nc\u0131 maddesi yollamas\u0131yla, madde 323 uyar\u0131nca istinaf\u0131 talep eden \u00fczerinde b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
5.Dosyan\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesine iadesine,<\/p>\n
Dair, dosya \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan inceleme sonunda, 28\/12\/2023 tarihinde, oy birli\u011fiyle ve kesin olarak karar verildi.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u200b\u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 46.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 28.12.2023 Tarihli 2023\/3396 Esas 2023\/3076 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T.C. \u0130STANBUL B\u00d6LGE ADL\u0130YE MAHKEMES\u0130 46. HUKUK DA\u0130RES\u0130 DOSYA NO: 2023\/3396 KARAR NO: 2023\/3076 KARAR TAR\u0130H\u0130: 28\/12\/2023 T \u00dc R K M \u0130 L L E T \u0130 A D I N A B \u00d6 L G E A D L \u0130 Y E M A H K E M E S \u0130 K A R A R I \u0130NCELENEN KARARIN MAHKEMES\u0130: \u0130STANBUL 13. ASL\u0130YE T\u0130CARET MAHKEMES\u0130 TAR\u0130H\u0130: 28\/07\/2023 NUMARASI: 2023\/494 Esas – 2023\/575 Karar DAVANIN KONUSU: Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Ara\u00e7 Sat\u0131m\u0131 – Misli \u0130le De\u011fi\u015fim Taraflar aras\u0131nda ilk derece mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen davan\u0131n yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 neticesinde verilen karara ili\u015fkin davac\u0131 vekilince s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde istinaf edilmesi \u00fczerine, istinaf dilek\u00e7esinin esasa kayd\u0131 sonras\u0131 dosya i\u00e7erisindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn belge, bilgi ve ka\u011f\u0131tlar okundu. G E R E \u011e \u0130 D \u00dc \u015e \u00dc N \u00dc L D \u00dc: Dava; ay\u0131pl\u0131 ara\u00e7 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 iddias\u0131na dayal\u0131 ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015fim, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde de\u011fer kayb\u0131 istemine ili\u015fkindir. Daval\u0131, davaya cevap vermemi\u015ftir. \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi’nce; “…davan\u0131n daval\u0131 taraftan sat\u0131n al\u0131nan arac\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeni ile ay\u0131ps\u0131z misliyle de\u011fi\u015fimi yahut ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda bedelden indirimine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6rev, kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda re\u2019sen dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. 28\/11\/2013 tarihli Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan ve 28\/05\/014 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n