T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00d6MER SARI\u00c7EL\u0130K BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2019\/40070)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 11\/12\/2024<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Fatma G\u00fclbin \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer SARI\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. O\u011fuzhan YILMAZ<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, menfi tespit talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddedilmesi nedeniyle mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 5\/12\/2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinin idari y\u00f6nden yap\u0131lan \u00f6n incelemesinden sonra Komisyona sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
4. Komisyonca ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresinde beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR <\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvurucu, o\u011flu F.B.S.yi \u00d6.F.B. Ortaokuluna kaydettirmi\u015ftir. Kay\u0131t s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucudan, okulun sahibi konumunda olan F. E\u011fitim Ticaret ve Sanayi A.\u015e. (\u015eirket) ad\u0131na 4.820 TL bedelli bono al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okul, Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne (FET\u00d6\/PDY) aidiyeti, bu \u00f6rg\u00fctle iltisak\u0131 veya irtibat\u0131 belirlenerek mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fe tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle 23\/7\/2016 tarihli ve 29779 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan 667 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Kapsam\u0131nda Al\u0131nan Tedbirlere \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname (667 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK) ile kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okulun maliki konumunda olan \u015eirketin ise faaliyetlerine 17\/8\/2016 tarihli ve 29804 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan 670 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Kapsam\u0131nda Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Gereken Tedbirler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname’nin (670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK) 5. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca son verilmi\u015f ve \u015eirket ticaret sicilinden terkin edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Okulun kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u015eirketin ticaret sicilinden terkininin ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucu ad\u0131na Maliye Hazinesinin talebi do\u011frultusunda kambiyo senetlerine \u00f6zg\u00fc haciz yoluyla takip ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucuya 5.841,81 TL tutar\u0131nda 14\/11\/2018 tarihli \u00f6deme emri g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvurucu, hakk\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan ilgili takibi m\u00fcteakip Samsun 2. T\u00fcketici Mahkemesinde (Mahkeme) Maliye Hazinesi aleyhine menfi tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu; takibe dayanak bononun \u00f6zel okul s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi nedeniyle al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcketiciden al\u0131nan emre yaz\u0131l\u0131 senet mahiyetindeki bononun 7\/11\/2013 tarihli ve 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 4. maddesinin (5) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funu belirterek bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitine, takip konusu bononun ve icra takibinin iptaline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. Mahkeme 11\/7\/2019 tarihli karar\u0131yla davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 sebebiyle kesin olarak reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Mahkeme, gerek\u00e7esinde 29\/10\/2016 tarihli ve 29872 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan 675 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Kapsam\u0131nda Baz\u0131 Tedbirler Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname’nin (675 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK) 16. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131 dayanak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131nda Mahkeme ayr\u0131ca 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 5. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer verilen “bor\u00e7 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin olarak hak iddias\u0131nda bulunanlar” y\u00f6n\u00fcnden getirilen altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcrenin hak iddias\u0131nda bulunanlara y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f, ilgili ifadenin bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131nda bulunanlar\u0131 kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir. Referans al\u0131nan norm \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mevcut menfi tespit davas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar verilmesinin zorunlu oldu\u011funa vurgu yapan Mahkeme, bununla birlikte Anayasa’n\u0131n 125. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen istisnalar haricinde ba\u015fvurucunun ilgili KHK h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re olmasa da genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re idareye ve gerekirse idari yarg\u0131 yoluna ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvurucu 11\/7\/2019 tarihli karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf isteminde bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 6. Hukuk Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan inceleme neticesinde 14\/11\/2019 tarihli kararla istinaf talebinin esastan reddine kesin olarak karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. Nihai karar elektronik tebligat yolu ile 25\/11\/2019 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucuya tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu 5\/12\/2019 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
15. 9\/6\/1932 tarihli ve 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’nun “Menfi tesbit ve istirdat davalar\u0131” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 72. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Bor\u00e7lu, icra takibinden \u00f6nce veya takip s\u0131ras\u0131nda bor\u00e7lu bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat i\u00e7in menfi tesbit davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir.”<\/p>\n
16. 8\/2\/2018 tarihli ve 7091 say\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Kapsam\u0131nda Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Gereken Tedbirler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin Kabul Edilmesine Dair Kanun olarak kanunla\u015fan 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n “Devir i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin tedbirler” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) 20\/7\/2016 tarihli ve 2016\/9064 say\u0131l\u0131 Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131yla \u00fclke genelinde ilan edilen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnameler gere\u011fince kapat\u0131lan ve Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne veya Hazineye devredilen kurum, kurulu\u015f, \u00f6zel radyo ve televizyonlar, gazete, dergi, yay\u0131nevi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kanallar\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, alacak ve haklar\u0131 ile belge ve evraklar\u0131n\u0131n (devral\u0131nan varl\u0131k);her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tespit i\u015flemini yapmaya, kapsam\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye, idare etmeye, avans dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc alacak, senet, \u00e7ek ve di\u011fer k\u0131ymetli evraka ili\u015fkin olarak dava ve icra takibi ile di\u011fer her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flemi yapmaya, devral\u0131nan varl\u0131klarla ilgili olup kanaat getirici defter, kay\u0131t ve belgelerle tevsik edilen bor\u00e7 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri tespite ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde devral\u0131nan varl\u0131klar\u0131n de\u011ferini ge\u00e7memesi, ek mali k\u00fclfet getirmemesi, kefaletten do\u011fmamas\u0131 ve Fethullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FET\u00d6\/PDY)\u2019ne aidiyeti, iltisak\u0131 veya irtibat\u0131 olmayan ki\u015filerle ger\u00e7ek mal veya hizmet ili\u015fkisine dayanmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla bu varl\u0131klar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi suretiyle bunlar\u0131 uygun bir takvim dahilinde \u00f6demeye, kapat\u0131lan kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n taahh\u00fct ve garanti etti\u011fi ancak vermedi\u011fi mal ve hizmet bedellerinin \u00f6demesini durdurmaya veya \u00f6demeye, tahsili m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan veya tahsilinde ve takibinde yarar bulunmayan hak ve alacaklar ile taahh\u00fct ve garantilerin tahsilinden vazge\u00e7meye, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sulh i\u015flemini yapmaya, devral\u0131nan varl\u0131klarla ili\u015fkili kredi veya ger\u00e7ek bir mal veya hizmet ili\u015fkisine dayanan bor\u00e7lar nedeniyle konulmu\u015f ve daha \u00f6nce kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f takyidatlar\u0131 kredinin veya borcun \u00f6denebilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 andaki ko\u015fullarla tekrar koydurmaya ve ihyaya, menkul rehinleri dikkate almaya, devral\u0131nan varl\u0131klara konulan takyidatlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye ve kald\u0131rmaya, finansal kiralama dahil s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin feshine veya devam\u0131na karar vermeye, devral\u0131nan varl\u0131klar\u0131n idaresi, de\u011ferlendirilmesi, elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tedbiri almaya, gerekti\u011finde devral\u0131nan varl\u0131klar\u0131n tasfiyesi veya sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 amac\u0131yla uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na devretmeye, devir kapsam\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenen varl\u0131klar\u0131 iadeye, kapat\u0131lanlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fiye ait olmas\u0131 halinde devral\u0131nacak varl\u0131klar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye, teredd\u00fctleri gidermeye, uygulamalar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmeye, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u015flemleri yapmak amac\u0131yla usul ve esaslar\u0131 belirlemeye, vak\u0131flar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, di\u011ferleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) Kapat\u0131lan kurum, kurulu\u015f, \u00f6zel radyo ve televizyonlar, gazete, dergi, yay\u0131nevi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kanallar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 \u015firketlerin faaliyetleri sonland\u0131r\u0131larak ticari sicil kay\u0131tlar\u0131 resen terkin edilir. Bunlar\u0131n devral\u0131nan varl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki varl\u0131klar\u0131 da Hazineye bedelsiz devredilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda \u015firketlere daha \u00f6nce atanm\u0131\u015f kayy\u0131mlar tasfiye memuru olarak g\u00f6revlendirilebilir veya bu \u015firketlere tasfiye memuru atanabilir. Bu f\u0131kran\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131 belirlemeye ve birinci f\u0131krada yer alan hususlar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde devral\u0131nan varl\u0131klar i\u00e7in de uygulamaya Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(4) Birinci f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131nda tespite konu edilebilecek bor\u00e7 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin olarak hak iddias\u0131nda bulunanlarca bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ilgili idaresine kanaat getirici defter, kay\u0131t ve belgelerle m\u00fcracaat edilir. Bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten sonra yap\u0131lacak kapatma i\u015flemlerinde ise altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre kapatma tarihinden itibaren ba\u015flar…”<\/p>\n
17. Ayn\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n “Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 11. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) Bu Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer.”<\/p>\n
18. 6\/2\/2018 tarihli ve 7082 say\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Kapsam\u0131nda Baz\u0131 Tedbirler Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin Kabul Edilmesine Dair Kanun olarak kanunla\u015fan ve Anayasa Mahkemesinin 31\/5\/2023 tarihli ve E.2018\/77; K.2023\/105 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile 4. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesi iptal edilen 675 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n “Dava ve takip usul\u00fc” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 16. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(3)20\/7\/2016 tarihli ve 2016\/9064 say\u0131l\u0131 Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131yla \u00fclke genelinde ilan edilen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnameler gere\u011fince kapat\u0131lan kurum, kurulu\u015f, \u00f6zel radyo ve televizyonlar, gazete, dergi, yay\u0131nevi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kanallar\u0131 ile bunlar\u0131n sahibi ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filer veya kapat\u0131lma ya da resen terkin \u00fczerine Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aleyhine 17\/8\/2016 tarihi dahil bu tarihten sonra a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar ile icra ve iflas takipleri hakk\u0131nda 670 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin 5 inci maddesi gere\u011fince dava veya takip \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle davan\u0131n reddine veya takibin d\u00fc\u015fmesine karar verilir.<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
\u00a0(4) Birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar uyar\u0131nca verilen kararlarda davac\u0131 veya alacakl\u0131n\u0131n 670 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin 5 inci maddesinde belirtilen usule uygun olarak ilgili idari makama, tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren otuz g\u00fcnl\u00fck hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi belirtilir. \u0130dari ba\u015fvuru \u00fczerine idari merci taraf\u0131ndan verilecek karar aleyhine idari yarg\u0131da dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir. \u0130dari yarg\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi karar kesin olup, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k adli yarg\u0131da hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde dava konusu yap\u0131lamaz. (\u0130ptal c\u00fcmle: Anayasa Mahkemesinin 31\/5\/2023 tarihli ve E.: 2018\/77; K.:2023\/105 say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131 ile)”<\/p>\n
19. Ayn\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n “Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 18. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0(1) Bu Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin 13 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri 15\/10\/2016 tarihinden ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde, di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer.<\/p>\n
20. 18\/10\/2016 tarihli ve 6749 say\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Kapsam\u0131nda Al\u0131nan Tedbirlere \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin De\u011fi\u015ftirilerek Kabul Edilmesine Dair Kanun olarak kanunla\u015fan 667 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n “Kapat\u0131lan kurum ve kurulu\u015flara ili\u015fkin tedbirler” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) Milli g\u00fcvenli\u011fe tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tespit edilen Fethullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne (FET\u00d6\/PDY) aidiyeti, iltisak\u0131 veya irtibat\u0131 belirlenen;<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
b) Ekli (II) say\u0131l\u0131 listede yer alan \u00f6zel \u00f6\u011fretim kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile \u00f6zel \u00f6\u011frenci yurtlar\u0131 ve pansiyonlar\u0131,,<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 11\/12\/2024 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Adli Yard\u0131m Talebi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
22. Ba\u015fvurucu, bireysel ba\u015fvuru har\u00e7 ve giderlerini \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun oldu\u011funu belirterek adli yard\u0131m talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Anayasa Mahkemesinin Mehmet \u015eerif Ay (B. No: 2012\/1181, 17\/9\/2013) karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkeler dikkate al\u0131narak ge\u00e7imini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmeksizin yarg\u0131lama giderlerini \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmayan adli yard\u0131m talebinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. Mahkemeye Eri\u015fim Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
23. Ba\u015fvurucu, \u00f6zel okul hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi sebebiyle ke\u015fide etti\u011fi bonoya dayal\u0131 olarak hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen takibe kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 menfi tespit davas\u0131n\u0131n, davan\u0131n nevi itibar\u0131yla alacak davas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin 670 ve 675 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’lar uyar\u0131nca dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddedilmesinin mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. \u0130lk derece mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar verilmesinin hakkaniyete ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etti\u011fini, t\u00fcketiciden bono al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu sebeple al\u0131nan bononun ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funu belirten ba\u015fvurucu, karar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a taktir hatas\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini belirterek m\u00fclkiyet ve adil yarg\u0131lanma haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
24. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; ba\u015fvurucunun 675 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 16. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca idari makamlara ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi yahut idare mahkemelerinde dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fi belirtilerek ba\u015fvurucunun an\u0131lan yarg\u0131sal ve idari yollar\u0131 t\u00fcketti\u011fine ili\u015fkin dok\u00fcman sunmadan do\u011frudan bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n bireysel ba\u015fvurunun ikincilli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etti\u011fi, bu sebeple ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilemez bulunmas\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n iddian\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde dayanak al\u0131nacak \u201cHak arama h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 36. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cHerkes, me\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollardan faydalanmak suretiyle yarg\u0131 mercileri \u00f6n\u00fcnde davac\u0131 veya daval\u0131 olarak iddia ve savunma (De\u011fi\u015fik ibare: 3.10.2001-4709\/14 md.) ile adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d <\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvurucu, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fse de ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak suretiyle toplanacak deliller \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir sonuca var\u0131lmamas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir \u015fik\u00e2yeti oldu\u011fundan ba\u015fvurunun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
a. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
27. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
b. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
i. M\u00fcdahalenin Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hakk\u0131n Kapsam\u0131<\/p>\n
28. Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda herkesin yarg\u0131 mercileri \u00f6n\u00fcnde davac\u0131 veya daval\u0131 olarak iddiada bulunma ve savunma hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir unsurudur. Di\u011fer yandan Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesine adil yarg\u0131lanma ibaresinin eklenmesine ili\u015fkin gerek\u00e7ede, T\u00fcrkiye’nin taraf oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerce de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n madde metnine d\u00e2hil edildi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini belirtmektedir (\u00d6zbak\u0131m \u00d6zel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hiz. \u0130n\u015f. Tur. San. ve Tic. Ltd. \u015eti., B. No: 2014\/13156, 20\/4\/2017, \u00a7 34).<\/p>\n
29. Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bir temel hak olman\u0131n yan\u0131nda di\u011fer temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden gereken \u015fekilde yararlan\u0131lmay\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan en etkili g\u00fcvencelerden biridir. Bu bak\u0131mdan davan\u0131n bir mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesi ve ki\u015finin adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131na giren g\u00fcvencelerden faydalanabilmesi i\u00e7in ilk olarak ki\u015fiye iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle dava yoksa adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvencelerden yararlanmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamaz (Mohammed Aynosah, B. No: 2013\/8896, 23\/2\/2016, \u00a7 33).<\/p>\n
30. Anayasa Mahkemesi bireysel ba\u015fvuru kapsam\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerde mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yabilmek ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkili bir \u015fekilde karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilmek anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir (\u00d6zkan \u015een, B. No: 2012\/791, 7\/11\/2013, \u00a7 52).<\/p>\n
31. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir mahkemenin g\u00f6rev ve yetkisi i\u00e7indeki davaya bakmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131, \u015fartlar\u0131 bulundu\u011fu takdirde ki\u015filere davan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mahkemeden uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesini isteme g\u00fcvencesini de sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
32. Somut olayda davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir inceleme yap\u0131lmadan verilen ret karar\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucunun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
ii. M\u00fcdahalenin \u0130hlal Olu\u015fturup Olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
33. Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerinden biri olan mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131, mutlak bir hak olmay\u0131p bu hakk\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede bulunulurken Anayasa’n\u0131n temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen 13. maddesinin g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
34. Anayasa’n\u0131n ”Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 13. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.”<\/p>\n
35. An\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Anayasa’n\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu nedenle \u00f6ncelikle ba\u015fvurucunun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
36. Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin, bunlara yap\u0131lacak m\u00fcdahalelerin ve s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi bu haklara ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahaleyi engelleyen, hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayan demokratik hukuk devletinin en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biridir (Tahsin Erdo\u011fan, B. No: 2012\/1246, 6\/2\/2014, \u00a7 60).<\/p>\n
37. M\u00fcdahalenin kanuna dayal\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle \u015fekl\u00ee manada bir kanunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar. \u015eekl\u00ee manada kanun, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM) taraf\u0131ndan Anayasa’da belirtilen usule uygun olarak kanun ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan d\u00fczenleyici yasama i\u015flemidir. Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale edilmesi ancak yasama organ\u0131nca kanun ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerde m\u00fcdahaleye imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. TBMM taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u015fekl\u00ee anlamda bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmamas\u0131 hakka yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi anayasal temelden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131r (Ali H\u0131d\u0131r Akyol ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2015\/17510, 18\/10\/2017, \u00a7 56).<\/p>\n
38. Ba\u015fvuru konusu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan davan\u0131n, dava \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmamas\u0131 sebebiyle usulden reddedildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Mahkeme 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 5. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile bor\u00e7 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin olarak hak iddialar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden getirilen, altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kapat\u0131lan kurumun devredildi\u011fi kamu idaresine ba\u015fvurma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015fvurucunun yerine getirmedi\u011finden bahisle 675 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 16. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen dava \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ifa etmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
39. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle Mahkeme, 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 5. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve 675 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 16. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla dava \u015fart\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen, hak ve alacaklar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kamu idaresine ba\u015fvuru zorunlulu\u011funu ba\u015fvurucunun bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti i\u00e7in a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 menfi tespit davas\u0131na da uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elbette bireysel ba\u015fvuru yolunun ikincillik niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi ilgili mevzuat\u0131 yorumlamak yarg\u0131 mercilerinin g\u00f6revi olup Anayasa Mahkemesinin bireysel ba\u015fvuruda inceledi\u011fi husus, yarg\u0131 mercilerinin gerek\u00e7elerine esas yorumun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve buna g\u00f6re Anayasa’da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ihlal edip etmedi\u011fidir (\u015eeyma Kayao\u011flu, B. No: 2014\/5491, 5\/7\/2017, \u00a7 53). \u00d6zellikle mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 olmak \u00fczere hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin geni\u015f yoruma tabi tutularak kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan ama\u00e7lanan\u0131n \u00f6tesinde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir. Eldeki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta da bu ilke \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hareket edilecektir.<\/p>\n
40. 675 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 16. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile getirilen dava \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 5. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda maddenin lafz\u0131ndan idareye ba\u015fvuru y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sadece hak iddias\u0131nda bulunanlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fvurucu ise kendisi hakk\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan icra takibine kar\u015f\u0131 menfi tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lu konumundad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Mahkeme, bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ettirmek i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7an ba\u015fvurucunun hakk\u0131nda da s\u00f6z konusu dava \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 normu geni\u015fleterek uygulam\u0131\u015f ve davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
41. Esasen 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde idareye ba\u015fvuru zorunlulu\u011funun eldeki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tatbiki dahi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Zira hak talebi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden getirilen altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcresi 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihinden ba\u015flamakta olup 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK 17\/8\/2016 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Oysa ki ba\u015fvurucuya dava konusu icra takibine ili\u015fkin \u00f6deme emri 14\/11\/2018 tarihinde tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f olup ba\u015fvurucu, kendine y\u00f6nelik olarak idarenin hak talebinden bu tarihte haberdar olmu\u015ftur. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ba\u015fvurucunun bor\u00e7tan haberdar oldu\u011fu tarih itibar\u0131yla hakk\u0131nda tatbik edilen dava \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme ihtimali bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
42. T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki icra takibi bizzat alacakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia eden idare taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup idare taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilen alacak tahsil y\u00f6ntemine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurucu yine 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen menfi tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu manada icra s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatmakla idare bir tercihte bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu tercih sonucunda ba\u015fvurucunun menfi tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
43. Yukar\u0131daki bilgiler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda alacak davas\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir davada Mahkemenin 675 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen dava \u015fart\u0131 \u015feklindeki s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kural\u0131 670 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi yorumlamadan yarg\u0131lamaya tatbiki ba\u015fvurucunun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan bir m\u00fcdahale yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
44. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
VI. G\u0130DER\u0130M<\/p>\n
45. Ba\u015fvurucu, ihlalin tespiti ve tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
46. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni bir karar vermektir (6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 50. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen bireysel ba\u015fvuruya \u00f6zg\u00fc yeniden yarg\u0131lama kurumunun \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin kapsaml\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar i\u00e7in bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
47. Yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011finden tazminat talebinin reddine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VII. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Adli yard\u0131m talebinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
B. Mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere Samsun 2. T\u00fcketici Mahkemesine (E.2018\/332, K.2019\/357) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. Ba\u015fvurucunun tazminat talebinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. 30.000 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
G. \u00d6demenin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
H. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 11\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 11\/12\/2024 tarihli ve 2019\/40070 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00d6MER SARI\u00c7EL\u0130K BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2019\/40070) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 11\/12\/2024 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM \u00a0 \u00a0 Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Metin KIRATLI Raport\u00f6r : Fatma G\u00fclbin \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK Ba\u015fvurucu : \u00d6mer SARI\u00c7EL\u0130K Vekili : Av. O\u011fuzhan YILMAZ \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, menfi tespit talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddedilmesi nedeniyle mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 5\/12\/2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinin idari y\u00f6nden yap\u0131lan \u00f6n incelemesinden sonra Komisyona sunulmu\u015ftur. 4. Komisyonca ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. 5. B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. 6. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. 7. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresinde beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 8. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir: 9. Ba\u015fvurucu, o\u011flu F.B.S.yi \u00d6.F.B. Ortaokuluna kaydettirmi\u015ftir. Kay\u0131t s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucudan, okulun sahibi konumunda olan F. E\u011fitim Ticaret ve Sanayi A.\u015e. (\u015eirket) ad\u0131na 4.820 TL bedelli bono al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okul, Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne (FET\u00d6\/PDY) …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n