T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
M. T. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/1216)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi:17\/12\/2024<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Cafiye Ece YALIM<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Ece TOKAT ONURSAL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, gece vakti alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle idari para cezas\u0131 verilmesi nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu Mu\u011fla’n\u0131n Milas il\u00e7esinde alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 da yapan bir market i\u015fletmektedir.<\/p>\n
3. Milas \u0130l\u00e7e Jandarma Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6revli kolluk kuvvetleri 22\/3\/2020 tarihinde saat 22.30’da G.O.Y.nin ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fletti\u011fi marketten siyah bir po\u015fetle d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015f; G.O.Y.yi durdurarak siyah po\u015fetin i\u00e7inde ne oldu\u011funu sormu\u015ftur. G.O.Y.ninpo\u015fetin i\u00e7inde bira oldu\u011funu, ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fletti\u011fi marketten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesi \u00fczerine kolluk kuvvetleri tutanak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn saat 23.15’te d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi belirtilentutana\u011f\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlileri ve G.O.Y. imzalam\u0131\u015f, ba\u015fvurucu ise tutana\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir sat\u0131\u015f yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bir \u015ferh koyarak imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fct\u00fcn ve Alkol Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca (\u0130dare) 7\/5\/2020 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine 8\/6\/1942 tarihli ve 4250 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130spirto ve \u0130spirtolu \u0130\u00e7kiler \u0130nhisar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 6.maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7eceklerin saat 22.00’den sonra sat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne dayan\u0131larak 63.815 TL idari para cezas\u0131 uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130dari para cezas\u0131 tutar\u0131 4250 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (e) bendi ile ayn\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde 3\/1\/2002 tarihli ve 4733 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fct\u00fcn, T\u00fct\u00fcn Mam\u00fclleri ve Alkol Piyasas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesine Dair Kanun\u2019un 8. maddesinin (k) bendine g\u00f6re belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucu, bu idari para cezas\u0131 karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 30\/6\/2020 tarihinde Milas N\u00f6bet\u00e7i Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fine (H\u00e2kimlik) ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu, ba\u015fvuru dilek\u00e7esinde kolluk kuvvetlerince tan\u0131k olarak ifadesi al\u0131nan G.O.Y.nin ertesi g\u00fcn i\u015fyerine gelip bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ifade verdi\u011fini ve ifadesini de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, kolluk kuvvetlerinin olay\u0131 kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, G.O.Y.nin nakit olarak \u00f6deme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 delilin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fi\u015f, fatura gibi bir belgesunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kollu\u011fun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc teknik imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen olay an\u0131nda foto\u011fraf\u00e7ekmedi\u011fini, tutana\u011f\u0131n \u015fekl\u00ee olarak hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. H\u00e2kimlik 6\/10\/2020 tarihinde itiraz\u0131 reddetmi\u015f; karar gerek\u00e7esinde, ihlalin g\u00f6revli kolluk memurlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilerek tutanak alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu tutana\u011f\u0131n aksi ispat edilinceye kadar ge\u00e7erli belgelerden olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ba\u015fvurucunun tutana\u011f\u0131n aksini ortaya koyan herhangi delil ibraz etmedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. H\u00e2kimlik ayr\u0131ca kolluk kuvvetlerinin i\u015fyeri g\u00fcvenlik kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 incelemek istemesine ra\u011fmen i\u015fletme sahibinin kameralar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle kay\u0131tlar\u0131n incelenmesine izin vermedi\u011fini, bu durumun tutanak alt\u0131na al\u0131narak tutana\u011f\u0131n i\u015fletme sahibi taraf\u0131ndan da imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, olaya ili\u015fkin tutanakta alkol sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen ki\u015finin de imzas\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f; 4250 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 6. maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011finin sabit oldu\u011fu sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucu, H\u00e2kimlik karar\u0131na itiraz etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun itiraz\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren Bodrum 1. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi 27\/11\/2020 tarihinde itiraz\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015f; karar gerek\u00e7esinde 22\/3\/2020 tarihli kolluk tutana\u011f\u0131nda saat 22.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda G.O.Y.ye ait arac\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fletti\u011fi marketin \u00f6n\u00fcnde durdu\u011funun, G.O.Y.nin markete girip be\u015f dakika sonra elinde siyah po\u015fetle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince durdurularak tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Kararda ayr\u0131ca G.O.Y.nin tutanak ekinde yer alan ifadesinden s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir. \u0130fade Tutana\u011f\u0131’nda G.O.Y.nin olay g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 22.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda markete gelip ba\u015fvurucudan T. marka bir bira istedi\u011fi, biray\u0131 al\u0131p paras\u0131n\u0131 nakit olarak verdi\u011fi, fi\u015f almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bodrum 1. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince d\u00fczenlenen tutanak ve ekinde yer alan tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek itiraz eden taraf\u0131ndan \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131 kabahat fiilinin i\u015flendi\u011finin sabit oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, itiraz eden vekilinin soyut beyanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda idarece d\u00fczenlenen tutanaklar\u0131n aksini ispata yarar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak, kesin ve somut herhangi delilin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, idarece d\u00fczenlenen tutanaklar\u0131n aksi ispat edilinceye kadar resm\u00ee delil niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Nihai karar, ba\u015fvurucuya 19\/12\/2020 tarihinde tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f, ba\u015fvuru 11\/1\/2021 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
9. 4250 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 24\/5\/2013 tarihli ve 6487 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 2. maddesi ile yeniden d\u00fczenlenen 6. maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cAlkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiler, 22:00 ila 06:00 saatleri aras\u0131nda perakende olarak sat\u0131lamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
10. 4250 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6487 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3. maddesi ile yeniden d\u00fczenlenen 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (e) bendi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cBu Kanunun 6 nc\u0131 maddesinin;<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
e) Be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki yasaklara ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edenlere, 3\/1\/2002 tarihli ve 4733 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fct\u00fcn ve Alkol Piyasas\u0131 D\u00fczenleme Kurumu Te\u015fkilat ve G\u00f6revleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun 8 inci maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (k) bendinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen, <\/p>\n
idari para cezas\u0131 verilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
11. 4733 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 8. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c…<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn, t\u00fct\u00fcn mamulleri, etil alkol, metanol ve alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiler piyasas\u0131nda G\u0131da, Tar\u0131m ve<\/p>\n
Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan gerekli izinleri alarak veya almadan mal veya hizmet \u00fcreten, i\u015fleyen, ihra\u00e7 veya ithal eden, pazarlayan, alan veya satan ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filere a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 idar\u00ee yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulan\u0131r: <\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
k) T\u00fct\u00fcn mamulleri veya alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerin t\u00fcketicilere sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131; internet, televizyon, faks ve telefon gibi elektronik ticaret ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ya da posta ile sipari\u015f y\u00f6ntemi kullanarak yapmak \u00fczere sat\u0131\u015f sistemi kuran veya faaliyette bulunanlara yirmibin Yeni T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131ndan y\u00fczbin Yeni T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131na kadar idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 verilir. (Ek ikinci c\u00fcmle: 13\/2\/2011-6111\/175 md.) Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n internet ortam\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, 4\/5\/2007 tarihli ve 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nternet Ortam\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi ve Bu Yay\u0131nlar Yoluyla \u0130\u015flenen Su\u00e7larla M\u00fccadele Edilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen usullere g\u00f6re eri\u015fimin engellenmesine karar verilir ve bu karar hakk\u0131nda da an\u0131lan Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. “<\/p>\n
12. 30\/3\/2005 tarihli ve 5326 say\u0131l\u0131 Kabahatler Kanunu’nun 17. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) \u0130dar\u00ee para cezas\u0131, maktu veya nispi olabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) \u0130dar\u00ee para cezas\u0131, kanunda alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmek suretiyle de belirlenebilir. Bu durumda, idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131 belirlenirken i\u015flenen kabahatin haks\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7eri\u011fi ile failin kusuru ve ekonomik durumu birlikte g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur. <\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
\u00a0(7) \u0130dar\u00ee para cezalar\u0131 her takvim y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere o y\u0131l i\u00e7in 4.1.1961 tarihli ve 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Usul Kanununun m\u00fckerrer 298 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca tespit ve il\u00e2n edilen yeniden de\u011ferleme oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131larak uygulan\u0131r. Bu suretle idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131nda bir T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcsuru dikkate al\u0131nmaz. Bu f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, nispi nitelikteki idar\u00ee para cezalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygulanmaz.” <\/p>\n
III. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvurucu; kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen tutanaktaki ifadelerin ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla ifadesine ba\u015fvurulan G.O.Y.nin bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ifade verdi\u011fini, itiraz \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinlenilmesini talep etti\u011fi h\u00e2lde dinlenmedi\u011fini belirterek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve g\u00fcvenlik, adil yarg\u0131lanma ve m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
14. Ba\u015fvurucunun iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn gece vakti alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabahatinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc idari para cezas\u0131 verilmesi nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yetleri m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka neden bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
16. Somut olayda \u0130dare, ba\u015fvurucunun saat 22.00’den sonra alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabahatinden dolay\u0131 ba\u015fvurucuya idari para cezas\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. \u0130dari para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131rma neticesinde ba\u015fvurucudan tahsil edilen paran\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu ve verilen idari para cezas\u0131yla mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda eksilmeye yol a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bu paran\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fclk te\u015fkil etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. Ba\u015fvurucuya idari para cezas\u0131 verilmesi \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen m\u00fcdahaleyle alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belirli ko\u015fullar d\u00e2hilinde d\u00fczenlenerek kontrol edilmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda ba\u015fvurucunun idari para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle amac\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurunun m\u00fclk\u00fcn kamu yarar\u0131na kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kontrol edilmesine ili\u015fkin kural \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde incelenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede bulunulurken temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa’ya uygun olabilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahale kanuna dayanmal\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi g\u00f6zetilerek yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r(Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 62).<\/p>\n
19. Ba\u015fvuruya konu idari para cezas\u0131 4250 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 6. maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesi, 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (e) bendi ve 4733 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 8. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (k) bendi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re verilmi\u015f olup s\u00f6z konusu kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin a\u00e7\u0131k, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir mahiyette oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kanuna dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ku\u015fkusuzdur.<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvuruya konu idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren kabahat d\u00fczenlemesiyle alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gece vakti belirli saatler d\u00e2hilinde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f vecezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m belirlenmi\u015ftir. Kanun koyucunun gece saatlerinde alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerin kontroll\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde t\u00fcketimini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in al\u0131nan tedbirler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemeyi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcdahalenin kamu yarar\u0131na dayal\u0131 me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
21. M\u00fcdahalenin kanuni ve me\u015fru amaca uygun oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakla birlikte m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
22. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fur. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen m\u00fcdahalenin ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 yani ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir m\u00fcdahale ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise bireyin hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyle ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade eder (AYM, E.2011\/111, K.2012\/56, 11\/4\/2012; E.2014\/176, K.2015\/53, 27\/5\/2015; E.2016\/13, K.2016\/127, 22\/6\/2016, \u00a7 18; Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 38).<\/p>\n
23. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fletti\u011fi markette saat 22.00’den sonra alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince tespit edilmi\u015f, bu tespit \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucuya 4250 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 4733 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca idari para cezas\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
24. \u0130dari para cezas\u0131 uygulanmak suretiyle ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun bu amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye daha uygun bir arac\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steremedi\u011fi, kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmeleri i\u00e7inidari para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi \u015feklindeki m\u00fcdahalenin gerekli oldu\u011fug\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
25. M\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tedbirin maliki ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck alt\u0131na sokmas\u0131 durumunda m\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemez. Bu durumda uygulanan tedbir nedeniyle ba\u015fvuruculara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve orant\u0131s\u0131z y\u00fck y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin tespiti gerekir.<\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleye kar\u015f\u0131 savunma yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya itiraz\u0131n\u0131 etkin bi\u00e7imde ortaya koyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u015fik\u00e2yetinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Nitekim ba\u015fvurucu idari para cezas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 iddia ve itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
27. Ba\u015fvurucu itirazlar\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu kabahatin i\u015flenmedi\u011fi h\u00e2lde kolluk\u00e7a kurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ifade verdi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir. Her ne kadar ba\u015fvurucu, tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n itiraz de\u011ferlendirmesi yapan H\u00e2kimlik\u00e7e dinlenmedi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015fse de H\u00e2kimlik karar\u0131nda olaya ili\u015fkin tutanakta alkol sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n imzal\u0131 ifadesinin bulundu\u011funu belirterekaksi ispat edilinceye kadar ge\u00e7erli belgelerden olan tutanakta tan\u0131k ifadesine yer verildi\u011fini, ba\u015fvuran taraf\u0131ndan tutana\u011f\u0131n aksini ortaya koyan herhangi delil ibraz edilmedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucunun tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ifade verdi\u011fine dair iddias\u0131 herhangi bir somut delille desteklenmemi\u015f, ba\u015fvurucunun soyut beyan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dosya kapsam\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir bilgi ve belgeye rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. Delillerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131 kural olarak ilk elden bu delillere ula\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunan mahkemelerin takdirinde olmakla birlikte m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahaleye yol a\u00e7an tedbirlerin keyf\u00ee veya \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez bi\u00e7imde uygulanmamas\u0131 gerekir. Kamu makamlar\u0131nca ba\u015fvurucunun eylemi ile yapt\u0131r\u0131ma yol a\u00e7an kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir makul bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda keyf\u00eelikten s\u00f6z edilemeyecektir.<\/p>\n
29. Olayda idari ve yarg\u0131sal makamlar \u00f6zellikle resm\u00ee bir belge niteli\u011findeki kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011f\u0131 ve tan\u0131k beyan\u0131n\u0131 esas alarak ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6z konusu kabahati i\u015fledi\u011fi kanaatine varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tutanakta tan\u0131k olarak beyanda bulunan G.O.Y.nin gece vakti alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tespitine yer verilmi\u015f olup tutanak tan\u0131k ve kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince de imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar ba\u015fvurucu; tutana\u011f\u0131n kolluk\u00e7a yap\u0131lan kurgu sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ifade verdi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015fse dekollu\u011fun kurgu yapmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir bir durumun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair herhangi bir bilgi vermedi\u011figibi tutanak ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 tan\u0131k beyan\u0131n\u0131n aksini ispat eder nitelikte somut bir delil de ortaya koymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Bu durumda s\u00f6z konusu idari ve yarg\u0131sal s\u00fcre\u00e7te var\u0131lan sonucun keyf\u00ee oldu\u011fu veya bariz bir takdir hatas\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
30. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvurucu alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapan marketin i\u015fletmecisi olup olay g\u00fcn\u00fc markette bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130dari yapt\u0131r\u0131ma konu eylemi kendisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f, eylem ile kabahat aras\u0131nda uygun bir illiyet ba\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu da de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
31. Bu durumda ba\u015fvurucuya gece vakti alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle idari para cezas\u0131 verilmesi \u015feklindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucuya \u015fahsi olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ile kamu yarar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken adil dengenin bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
32. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmedi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. Yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde BIRAKILMASINA,<\/p>\n
D. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 17\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 17\/12\/2024 tarihli ve 2021\/1216 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 M. T. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/1216) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi:17\/12\/2024 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM \u00a0 \u00a0 Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Metin KIRATLI Raport\u00f6r : Cafiye Ece YALIM Ba\u015fvurucu : Vekili : Av. Ece TOKAT ONURSAL \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, gece vakti alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle idari para cezas\u0131 verilmesi nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Ba\u015fvurucu Mu\u011fla’n\u0131n Milas il\u00e7esinde alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 da yapan bir market i\u015fletmektedir. 3. Milas \u0130l\u00e7e Jandarma Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6revli kolluk kuvvetleri 22\/3\/2020 tarihinde saat 22.30’da G.O.Y.nin ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fletti\u011fi marketten siyah bir po\u015fetle d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015f; G.O.Y.yi durdurarak siyah po\u015fetin i\u00e7inde ne oldu\u011funu sormu\u015ftur. G.O.Y.ninpo\u015fetin i\u00e7inde bira oldu\u011funu, ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fletti\u011fi marketten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesi \u00fczerine kolluk kuvvetleri tutanak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn saat 23.15’te d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi belirtilentutana\u011f\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlileri ve G.O.Y. imzalam\u0131\u015f, ba\u015fvurucu ise tutana\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir sat\u0131\u015f yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bir \u015ferh koyarak imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 4. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fct\u00fcn ve Alkol Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca (\u0130dare) 7\/5\/2020 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine 8\/6\/1942 tarihli ve 4250 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130spirto ve \u0130spirtolu \u0130\u00e7kiler \u0130nhisar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 6.maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7eceklerin saat 22.00’den sonra sat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n