\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00d6YK\u00dc ORAL VE D\u0130\u011eERLER\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2020\/19601)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 18\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan H\u00dcZMEL\u0130<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucular<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
1. \u00d6yk\u00fc ORAL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
2. Seher KALKAN G\u00dcL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
3. \u015eahika HANCI<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Oya Meri\u00e7 EY\u00dcBO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait bir alana afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in idari para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 30\/6\/2020 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresinde beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR <\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n 1\/3\/2020 tarihinde D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc’nde y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek g\u00fczerg\u00e2h olan Beyo\u011flu il\u00e7esinde \u00f6zel ki\u015fi\/ki\u015filere ait bir binan\u0131n duvar\u0131na afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Toplumsal bir konuda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 afi\u015fin her biri, bir harfe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen A4 ebad\u0131ndaki k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlardan olu\u015fmakta ve k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlarda bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak “Benim bedenim, benim karar\u0131m” yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Beyo\u011flu \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 30\/3\/2005 tarihli ve 5326 say\u0131l\u0131 Kabahatler Kanunu’nun 42. maddesi uyar\u0131nca izinsiz afi\u015f asan her bir ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda 100 TL idari para cezas\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tutanakta, kabahat, \u00f6zel alana yaz\u0131 veya afi\u015f asma olarak belirtilmi\u015f; tutana\u011fa yaln\u0131zca duvar\u0131na afi\u015flerin yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 binan\u0131n adresi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tutanakta binan\u0131n duvar\u0131na afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na hak sahiplerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir bilgiye yer verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucular, idari para cezalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130stanbul 8. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi (H\u00e2kimlik) nezdinde itiraz kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. H\u00e2kimlik, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n itiraz\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek kesin olarak reddetmi\u015f; kararda, polis taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011fa g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n “H\u00fcseyina\u011fa Mahallesi At\u0131f Y\u0131lmaz Caddesi No:[…] say\u0131l\u0131 adresin d\u0131\u015f cephesi \u00fczerine 8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar g\u00fcn\u00fc ile alakal\u0131 olarak davara ka\u011f\u0131t afi\u015f ve ka\u011f\u0131t par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n]” sabit oldu\u011funu belirterek ba\u015fvuruya konu idari para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n usul ve kanuna uygun oldu\u011fu sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucular 29\/3\/2020 tarihinde nihai h\u00fckm\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f, 30\/6\/2020 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
9. 5326 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un “\u0130dari para cezas\u0131” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 17. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“\u0130dari para cezas\u0131, kanunda alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmek suretiyle de belirlenebilir. Bu durumda, idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131 belirlenirken i\u015flenen kabahatin haks\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7eri\u011fi ile failin kusuru ve ekonomik durumu birlikte g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur.”<\/p>\n
10. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un “Afi\u015f asma” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 42. maddesi ve an\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin gerek\u00e7esi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“[42. madde]<\/p>\n
\u00a0(1) Meydanlara veya parklara, cadde veya sokak kenarlar\u0131ndaki kamuya ait duvar veya alanlara, r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait alanlara bez, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve benzeri afi\u015f ve il\u00e2n asan ki\u015fiye, y\u00fcz T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131na kadar idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 verilir. Ayn\u0131 i\u00e7erikteki afi\u015f ve il\u00e2nlar, tek fiil say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, yetkili makamlardan al\u0131nan a\u00e7\u0131k ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 izne dayal\u0131 olarak as\u0131lan afi\u015f ve il\u00e2nlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygulanmaz. Bu izinde, afi\u015f ve il\u00e2n\u0131n as\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zaman dilimi a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilir. Bu afi\u015f ve il\u00e2nlar izin verilen ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bu s\u00fcrenin dolmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip derhal toplat\u0131l\u0131r. Toplatma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edilmesi halinde birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) Bu afi\u015f ve il\u00e2nlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin masraflar da ilgili ki\u015filerden ayr\u0131ca tahsil edilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(4) Bu kabahatler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131na, kolluk veya belediye zab\u0131ta g\u00f6revlileri karar verir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(5) \u00d6zel kanunlardaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r”<\/p>\n
\u00a0[42. maddenin gerek\u00e7esi]<\/p>\n
“Toplumun t\u00fcm bireylerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na tahsis edilmi\u015f bulunan meydan ve parklara, cadde veya sokak kenarlar\u0131ndaki kamuya ait duvar veya alanlara; yetkili makamlardan a\u00e7\u0131k ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir izin al\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, bez, ka\u011f\u0131t ve benzeri afi\u015f veya il\u00e2n as\u0131lmas\u0131, bu madde h\u00fckm\u00fc ile kabahat olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi olu\u015fturan bu \u015feyler, \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait alanlara da, ilgilisinin r\u0131zas\u0131 bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a as\u0131lamaz. Do\u011fal olarak, bu t\u00fcr afi\u015f ve il\u00e2nlar tek n\u00fcsha olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, ayn\u0131 i\u00e7erikte olmak kayd\u0131yla, say\u0131s\u0131 ne kadar olursa olsun, b\u00fct\u00fcn afi\u015f ve il\u00e2nlar tek fiil olarak kabul edilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece, birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fcnde \u00f6zel bir i\u00e7tima h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Yetkili makamdan verilen izne dayal\u0131 olarak afi\u015f ve il\u00e2n as\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, fiil hukuka uygun olacakt\u0131r. Ancak bunun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in izin yaz\u0131s\u0131nda afi\u015f ve il\u00e2n\u0131n as\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zaman dilimi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmelidir. \u0130zinde g\u00f6sterilen s\u00fcrenin sonunda afi\u015f ve il\u00e2nlar\u0131n, izin alan ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan derhal toplat\u0131lmamas\u0131, kabahat olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lgilisi taraf\u0131ndan toplanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu afi\u015f ve il\u00e2nlar\u0131n kamu ad\u0131na toplat\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, ayr\u0131ca toplatma masraf\u0131 da tahsil edilir.<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7im d\u00f6neminde afi\u015f ve il\u00e2n as\u0131lmas\u0131 hususu se\u00e7im mevzuat\u0131nda \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” <\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
11. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 18\/7\/2024 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvurucular, her y\u0131l mart ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinden itibaren 8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda etkinlikler d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini, bu etkinliklerden birinin de \u0130stiklal Caddesi ve \u00e7evresinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek feminist gece y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc oldu\u011funu, kendilerinin de kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve \u015fiddet hakk\u0131nda toplumsal fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratmak ve bu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapmak amac\u0131yla afi\u015f asmak istediklerini ancak bu eylemlerini tamamlayamadan polisin m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fini ve haklar\u0131nda idari para cezas\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir. Tek bir c\u00fcmleden ibaret olan afi\u015f nedeniyle kendilerine ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 idari para cezas\u0131 verilmesinin 5326 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 42. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011funu belirten ba\u015fvurucular, afi\u015fin yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fine sebebiyet verdi\u011fine, kamu d\u00fczenini bozdu\u011funa ya da bozulma tehlikesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kamu makamlar\u0131nca herhangi bir tespit ve de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yaratan bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
13. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, ihlal iddias\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011finin ve verilen idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanarak ba\u015fvurunun anayasal ve ki\u015fisel \u00f6nemden yoksun oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 temellendiremedikleri belirtilerek ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik kriterini ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, Anayasa Mahkemesinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n anayasal g\u00fcvencelerden yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131n afi\u015f asman\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00f6n bi\u00e7im \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil etmeyece\u011fine dair G\u00f6k\u00e7e Ekin Baran (B. No: 2016\/13539, 9\/1\/2020) karar\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirmeleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hak ihlali iddias\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. Ba\u015fvurucular; Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanlar\u0131nda, yapt\u0131r\u0131ma konu afi\u015fi 8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc ile ilgili toplumsal fark\u0131ndal\u0131k ve bilin\u00e7 olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla asmak istediklerini, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi olu\u015ftu\u011funa dair bir tespitin de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek bireysel ba\u015fvuru formundaki hususlar\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME <\/p>\n
15. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucular taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetinin \u00f6z\u00fc, izin almadan ast\u0131klar\u0131 afi\u015f nedeniyle idari para cezas\u0131 verilmesidir. Toplumsal bir konuda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla afi\u015f as\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 mahiyetinde oldu\u011fundan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n t\u00fcm iddialar\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130brahim Halil Arabulan, B. No: 2017\/29411, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 23).<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 26. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Herkes, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatlerini s\u00f6z, yaz\u0131, resim veya ba\u015fka yollarla tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya toplu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu h\u00fcrriyet resmi makamlar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n haber veya fikir almak ya da vermek serbestli\u011fini de kapsar…<\/p>\n
Bu h\u00fcrriyetlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, …kamu d\u00fczeninin, …korunmas\u0131 …ama\u00e7lar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
\u2026<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma h\u00fcrriyetinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usuller kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.”<\/p>\n
1. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
17. 25\/3\/2020 tarihli ve 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesi koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle bireysel ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcresinin 30\/4\/2020 tarihli ve 2480 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla 15\/6\/2020 tarihine kadar uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u015fvurunun s\u00fcresinde oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
a. M\u00fcdahalenin Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
18. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n toplumsal bir konu hakk\u0131nda ifade i\u00e7eren afi\u015fi izinsiz ast\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle idari para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahale oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
b. M\u00fcdahalenin \u0130hlal Olu\u015fturup Olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
19. Yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirmedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinin ihlalini te\u015fkil edecektir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
20. S\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve somut ba\u015fvuruya uygun d\u00fc\u015fen, kanun taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclme, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen hakl\u0131 sebeplerden bir veya daha fazlas\u0131na dayanma, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmama \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
i. Genel \u0130lkeler<\/p>\n
21. Hak ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6ncelikle tespiti gereken husus, m\u00fcdahaleye yetki veren bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni bir dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur (kanunilik \u015fart\u0131na ba\u015fka ba\u011flamlarda dikkat \u00e7eken kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Sevim Akat E\u015fki, B. No: 2013\/2187, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 36; Tu\u011fba Arslan [GK], B. No: 2014\/256, 25\/6\/2014, \u00a7 82; Hayriye \u00d6zdemir, B. No: 2013\/3434, 25\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 56-61; Halk Radyo ve Televizyon Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e. [GK], B. No: 2014\/19270, 11\/7\/2019, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
22. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ilk olarak \u015fekl\u00ee bir kanunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (Tu\u011fba Arslan, \u00a7 96). Kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda maddi bir i\u00e7eri\u011fi de gerektirir ve bu noktada kanunun niteli\u011fi \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. Bu anlam\u0131yla kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc, s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya ili\u015fkin kural\u0131n eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fi ile kesinli\u011fini ifade eden belirlili\u011fini garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131r (E\u011fitim ve Bilim Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri, [GK], B. No: 2014\/920, 25\/5\/2017 \u00a7 55; Sercan Av\u015far, B. No: 2016\/63088, 9\/6\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 42, 43).<\/p>\n
23. Belirlilik, bir kural\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe yol a\u00e7mayacak i\u00e7erikte olmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Temel haklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanuni d\u00fczenleme; i\u00e7erik, ama\u00e7 ve kapsam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirli ve muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n hukuksal durumlar\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131layabilecekleri a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemede, hangi davran\u0131\u015f veya olgulara hangi hukuksal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 ve bu ba\u011flamda kamusal makamlar i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir m\u00fcdahale yetkisi do\u011faca\u011f\u0131 belirli bir kesinlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda bireylerin hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rerek davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bu do\u011frultuda tanzim etmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u00e2le gelebilir. B\u00f6ylece hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanarak kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan organlar\u0131n keyf\u00ee davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olur (Hayriye \u00d6zdemir, B. No: 2013\/3434, 25\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 56, 57).<\/p>\n
24. Bireylerin kendilerine d\u00fc\u015fen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rme ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlama imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 vermeyen normlar, hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ilkesini zedeler; bu da bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini engeller. Hukuksal durumlar\u0131n takdirindeki belirsizlik, temel haklar alan\u0131nda getirilen g\u00fcvencelerin i\u015flevsiz h\u00e2le gelmesine neden olur (Sara Akg\u00fcl [GK], B. No: 2015\/269, 22\/11\/2018, \u00a7 108). Bununla birlikte bir kural\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k olmas\u0131 ya da belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde soyutluk i\u00e7ermesi, bu nedenle hukuki yard\u0131m ile tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131labilir h\u00e2le gelmesi veya kullan\u0131lan kavramlar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuksal de\u011ferlendirme sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na hukuken \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclemez. Ayr\u0131ca ilgili kanuni d\u00fczenleme temel haklara ne oranda m\u00fcdahale ediyorsa s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemede aranacak belirlilik oran\u0131 da ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda y\u00fckselecektir (Sara Akg\u00fcl, \u00a7 109; Hayriye \u00d6zdemir, \u00a7 58).<\/p>\n
ii. \u0130lkelerin Olaya Uygulanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
25. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucular, \u00f6zel ki\u015fiye veya ki\u015filere ait bir binan\u0131n duvar\u0131na afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle idari para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulan\u0131rken \u00f6zel alanlara sahip ki\u015filerin afi\u015f as\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in r\u0131zas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5326 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 42. maddesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011finin \u00f6nlenmesi gayesiyle “…r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait alanlara bez, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve benzeri afi\u015f ve il\u00e2n asan ki\u015fiye, … idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 verilir.” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple somut olayda afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma eylemine ili\u015fkin r\u0131zan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan uygulanan yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
26. An\u0131lan kanuni d\u00fczenleme dikkatle incelendi\u011finde kamuya ait alanlara afi\u015f as\u0131lmas\u0131 yetkili makam\u0131n, \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait alanlara as\u0131lmas\u0131 ise ilgilisinin r\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f; r\u0131za veya izin \u015fart\u0131 yerine getirilmeden afi\u015f as\u0131lmas\u0131 idari para cezas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na tabi tutulmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait alanlara afi\u015f as\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n idari para cezas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na tabi tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in ilgilisinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fulmu\u015ftur. Bu tespitle uyumlu olarak \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait alana afi\u015f as\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in hak sahiplerinin afi\u015f as\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
27. Ancak bireysel ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131nda, hak sahiplerinin binan\u0131n duvar\u0131na afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir bilgi veya belge tespit edilememi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan binaya izinsiz afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak kat maliklerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130dari Yapt\u0131r\u0131m Tutana\u011f\u0131’ndan da anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kabahatin meydana geli\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zellik arz eden bu olguyu de\u011ferlendirme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan H\u00e2kimli\u011fin de bu konuda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmadan karar verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
28. Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u00f6zel alanda afi\u015f as\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da ilgilinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda gerekli ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmadan ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamayan idari ve yarg\u0131sal yorum yaparak ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131nda idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvuru konusu m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
29. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
3. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
30. Ba\u015fvurucular; ihlalin tespiti, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi, 1.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesi, idari para cezas\u0131 olarak \u00f6dedikleri 100 TL’nin maddi tazminat olarak iadesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
31. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni bir karar vermektir (30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen bireysel ba\u015fvuruya \u00f6zg\u00fc yeniden yarg\u0131lama kurumunun \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin kapsaml\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar i\u00e7in bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
32. Yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesinin yeterli giderim sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n manevi tazminat ile haklar\u0131nda h\u00fckmedilen ve idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilen maddi tazminat taleplerinin reddine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul 8. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fine (2020\/1505 D. \u0130\u015f) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n tazminata ili\u015fkin taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 446,90 TL har\u00e7 ve 18.800 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 19.246,90 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvuruculara M\u00dc\u015eTEREKEN \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE, 18\/7\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 18\/7\/2024 tarihli ve 2020\/19601 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00d6YK\u00dc ORAL VE D\u0130\u011eERLER\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2020\/19601) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 18\/7\/2024 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM \u00a0 \u00a0 R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7 \u00a0 \u00a0 Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Raport\u00f6r : Hasan H\u00dcZMEL\u0130 Ba\u015fvurucular : 1. \u00d6yk\u00fc ORAL \u00a0 \u00a0 2. Seher KALKAN G\u00dcL \u00a0 \u00a0 3. \u015eahika HANCI Vekili : Av. Oya Meri\u00e7 EY\u00dcBO\u011eLU \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait bir alana afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in idari para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 30\/6\/2020 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresinde beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir: 5. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n 1\/3\/2020 tarihinde D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc’nde y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek g\u00fczerg\u00e2h olan Beyo\u011flu il\u00e7esinde \u00f6zel ki\u015fi\/ki\u015filere ait bir binan\u0131n duvar\u0131na afi\u015f yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Toplumsal bir konuda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 afi\u015fin her biri, bir harfe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen A4 ebad\u0131ndaki k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlardan olu\u015fmakta ve k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlarda bir b\u00fct\u00fcn …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n