\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kural\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemede, hakl\u0131 sebeplerin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti i\u00e7in izin verilen s\u00fcrenin izin veren makamca bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere uzat\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olup d\u00fczenlemede yer alan \u201c\u2026bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere…\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kural\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ile maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda devlete y\u00fcklenen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca hedeflenen yard\u0131m miktar\u0131na, yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda toplanan miktar\u0131n da devrinin s\u00f6z konusu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ihlal edildi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/p>\n
2860 say\u0131l\u0131 Yard\u0131m Toplama Kanunu\u2019nda say\u0131lan ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda ve kamu yarar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilerek toplanan yard\u0131mlar\u0131n ki\u015filerin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131, ya\u015fam hakk\u0131, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131, \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7ok hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilgilendirmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0 Bu nedenle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ve kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilen hizmetlere temas eden y\u00f6nleri bulunan yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6yle istisnai ve \u00f6zel durumlar s\u00f6z konusu olabilir ki bu \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ancak yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131labilir olmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Ancak yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresi do\u011frudan kanun taraf\u0131ndan belirli ve kesin bir zaman dilimiyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, yard\u0131m\u0131n hedeflenen miktara ula\u015famamas\u0131 nedeniyle hi\u00e7bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmamas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n
Kanun, bu t\u00fcr durumlarda s\u00fcrenin tekrar uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi elde edilen yard\u0131m miktar\u0131na ek kaynak sa\u011flayacak yeni bir ba\u015fvuru yapabilmesine de imk\u00e2n vermemektedir. Nitekim Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesi, toplanan yard\u0131m\u0131n amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek miktara ula\u015fmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yard\u0131m toplamaya izin veren makamca, yard\u0131m hangi ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in toplanm\u0131\u015f ise o veya benzeri amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecek kurulu\u015f veya kurulu\u015flara devrettirilece\u011fini h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kanun\u2019un, hedeflenen yard\u0131m\u0131n belirlenen s\u00fcrede toplanamamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, toplanan yard\u0131ma eklenmesi amac\u0131yla yeni bir yard\u0131m ba\u015fvurusu yapmay\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011ferlendirmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetine kategorik olarak azami s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 getiren ve durumun \u00f6nemine g\u00f6re uzat\u0131lacak s\u00fcrenin belirlenmesinde yetkili mercilere takdir yetkisi tan\u0131mayan kural\u0131n, pek \u00e7ok hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011fmas\u0131 muhtemel sonu\u00e7lar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan orant\u0131l\u0131 olmayan bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
———<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2023\/181<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/128<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 27\/6\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 9\/12\/2024-32747<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Adana 2. \u0130dare Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 23\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2860 say\u0131l\u0131 Yard\u0131m Toplama Kanunu\u2019nun 10. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere…\u201d ibaresinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onay\u0131 bulunmayan ilac\u0131n temini i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan yard\u0131m kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 talebinin reddi \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 10. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cS\u00fcre:<\/p>\n
Madde 10 \u2013 Yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresinin takdiri, izin veren makama aittir. Bu s\u00fcre bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez. Ancak, hakl\u0131 sebeplerin bulunmas\u0131 halinde verilen s\u00fcre, izin veren makamca bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere uzat\u0131labilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR ve Muhterem \u0130NCE\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 6\/12\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Hilal YAZICI taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p>\n
3. 2860 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, yard\u0131m toplamaya yetkili ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ve kamu yarar\u0131na uygun olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecekleri yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un kapsam\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen 2. maddesi, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin kendi b\u00fcnyesi i\u00e7indeki yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetleri ile dernekler, sendikalar ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fcst kurulu\u015flar\u0131na, spor kul\u00fcplerine, mesleki kurulu\u015flara ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f kabul\u00fcne yetkili vak\u0131flara kendi stat\u00fclerine g\u00f6re \u00fcyeleri ve di\u011fer ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ve yard\u0131mlarla bunlar\u0131n \u00f6z kaynaklar\u0131ndan sa\u011flayacaklar\u0131 gelirleri Kanun\u2019un kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
4. Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinde, yard\u0131m\u0131n hangi nedenlere dayan\u0131larak ve kimler taraf\u0131ndan toplanabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re kamu yarar\u0131na uygun olarak ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek, muhta\u00e7 ki\u015filere yard\u0131m sa\u011flamak ve kamu hizmetlerinden bir veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek veya destek olmak \u00fczere ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer, dernekler, kurumlar, vak\u0131flar, spor kul\u00fcpleri, gazete ve dergiler yard\u0131m toplayabilir.<\/p>\n
5. Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinde yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkili say\u0131labilmek i\u00e7in izin \u015fart\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herhangi bir istisna \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeksizin izin alma zorunlulu\u011fu getirilirken, kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n hangilerinin izin aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n yard\u0131m toplayabilece\u011fini belirleme yetkisi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na verilmi\u015ftir. Yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin izin almadan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi h\u00e2linde ise 29. madde uyar\u0131nca idari ve cezai bak\u0131mdan baz\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
6. Kanun, izin verecek makamlar\u0131 ve iznin hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lacak de\u011ferlendirmeyle verilece\u011fini 7. ve 8. maddelerde d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Buna g\u00f6re; yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti bir ilin birden fazla il\u00e7esini kaps\u0131yorsa o ilin valisinden, bir il\u00e7enin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ise o il\u00e7enin kaymakam\u0131ndan izin al\u0131n\u0131r. Yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti birden fazla ili kaps\u0131yorsa yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetine giri\u015fecek ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu ilin valisinden izin al\u0131n\u0131r ve izni veren valilik taraf\u0131ndan ilgili valiliklere ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bilgi verilir. Yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetleriyle ilgili i\u015flemler dernekler birimlerince y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
8. Yetkili makamlar; i\u015fin \u00f6nemi, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetine giri\u015feceklerin yeterlili\u011fi, yap\u0131lacak hizmetin amaca ve kamu yarar\u0131na uygunlu\u011fu, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 ve gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen di\u011fer konular \u00fczerinde inceleme yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lacak inceleme neticesinde gerekli \u015fartlar\u0131n sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine yetkili makamlarca var\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa izin verilmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu durumda -karar genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re yarg\u0131 denetimine tabi olmakla birlikte- yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemez.<\/p>\n
9. Kanun koyucu, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin kamusal y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zeterek, yard\u0131m toplaman\u0131n usul\u00fcn\u00fc, yard\u0131m toplayanlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin denetimiyle ilgili hususlar\u0131, kesin hesab\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetine ili\u015fkin denetim raporlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, denet\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretlerine ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin giderlerinin nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kalan ve belirlenen miktarlara s\u00fcresinde ula\u015famayan yard\u0131mlar\u0131n devrine ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. 28. maddeyle de Kanun kapsam\u0131nda toplanan yard\u0131ma devlet mal\u0131 niteli\u011fi atfedilmi\u015f, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinden elde edilen mal ve paralar\u0131 zimmetine ge\u00e7iren ki\u015finin, kamu g\u00f6revlisi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun zimmet su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Toplanan yard\u0131m\u0131n devri 25. maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda toplanan yard\u0131m\u0131n, amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek miktara ula\u015famamas\u0131 veya amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden sonra bir miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 h\u00e2llerinde; s\u00f6z konusu yard\u0131mlar, izin veren makamlarca, hangi ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in toplanm\u0131\u015f ise o veya benzeri amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecek kurulu\u015f veya kurulu\u015flara devrettirilir.<\/p>\n
B. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
12. 2860 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetini belirli s\u00fcrelerle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin s\u00fcresine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yard\u0131m toplamaya izin veren merciinin, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fine takdiren karar verebilece\u011fi belirtildikten sonra ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde bu s\u00fcrenin bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde ise hakl\u0131 sebeplerin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde verilen s\u00fcrenin izin veren makamca bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere uzat\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u00f6z konusu c\u00fcmlede yer alan \u201c\u2026bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere…\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re bir y\u0131ll\u0131k yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresi hakl\u0131 sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde yetkili makamlarca uzat\u0131labilecektir. Ancak bu s\u00fcre kural uyar\u0131nca bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emeyecektir.<\/p>\n
14. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kuralla, yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda, yard\u0131m talep edenin bu talebini kamuoyu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dile getirebilece\u011fi ve ilgililerin bu talebe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verebilece\u011fi azami zaman dilimi belirlenmi\u015f, yetkili makamlarca verilen s\u00fcrenin ancak bir y\u0131la kadar uzat\u0131labilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
15. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kural\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ile maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda devlete y\u00fcklenen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca hedeflenen yard\u0131m miktar\u0131na, yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda toplanan miktar\u0131n da devrinin s\u00f6z konusu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ihlal edildi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 17., 35. ve 56. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devleti; eylem ve i\u015flemleri hukuka uygun, insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131, bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, her alanda adil bir hukuk d\u00fczeni kurup bunu geli\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayan, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 durum ve tutumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nan, hukuk kurallar\u0131yla kendini ba\u011fl\u0131 sayan ve yarg\u0131 denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k olan devlettir.<\/p>\n
17. Hukuk devleti ilkesi gere\u011fince kanunlar\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa Mahkemesince kamu yarar\u0131 konusunda yap\u0131lacak inceleme, kanunun kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde yer alan kamu yarar\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019da bir tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Anayasa Mahkemesinin kararlar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi gibi kamu yarar\u0131; bireysel, \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlardan ayr\u0131 ve bunlara \u00fcst\u00fcn olan toplumsal yarard\u0131r. Kamu yarar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131z \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar i\u00e7in veya sadece belli ki\u015filerin yarar\u0131na kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc konulamaz. B\u00f6yle bir durumun a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ve kesin olarak saptanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde s\u00f6z konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. A\u00e7\u0131klanan istisnai h\u00e2l d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn gereksinimlere uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hangi ara\u00e7 ve y\u00f6ntemlerle kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi kanun koyucunun takdirinde oldu\u011fundan bu kapsamda kamu yarar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi yapmak anayasa yarg\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015fmaz (AYM, E.2018\/99, K.2021\/14, 3\/3\/2021, \u00a7 102; E.2018\/138, K.2019\/94, 24\/12\/2019, \u00a7 7).<\/p>\n
18. 2860 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, toplumsal hayatta kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ve yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde uygulama alan\u0131 bulan yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetini yasal bir zemine kavu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu kapsamda an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019la hem ihtiyac\u0131 olan ki\u015filere yard\u0131m etmek hem de kamu hizmetlerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek veya onlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak amac\u0131yla yard\u0131m toplamak, hukuk sistemince tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. Bireysel ve toplumsal anlamda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin bir s\u00fcreyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda ise kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Zira s\u00fcre y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir s\u0131n\u0131r getirilmedi\u011fi takdirde kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 veya kamu d\u00fczenini olumsuz \u015fekilde etkileyecek sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131 muhtemeldir. Nitekim kanun koyucu, takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda olan bu hususu, etkin bir denetimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yaratabilece\u011fi zorluklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek belirli bir s\u00fcreye tabi k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin s\u00fcrekli bir gelir elde etme y\u00f6ntemine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilecek olmas\u0131, yard\u0131m\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu faaliyetin denetiminin zorla\u015fabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda kuralla azami bir s\u00fcrenin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinde kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. Hukuk devletinin en \u00f6nemli ilkelerinden biri de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesidir. Kanun koyucu, d\u00fczenlemeler yaparken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ilke ise elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik ba\u015fvurulan \u00f6nlemin ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ba\u015fvurulan \u00f6nlemin ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise ba\u015fvurulan \u00f6nlem ve ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc ifade etmektedir (AYM, E.2020\/60, K.2020\/54, 1\/10\/2020, \u00a7 71).<\/p>\n
21. Yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetini belirli bir s\u00fcreyle s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n, an\u0131lan ama\u00e7lara ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli bir y\u00f6ntem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresinin uzamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n denetim ve g\u00f6zetime ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin de uzamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilece\u011finden yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetinin belirli s\u00fcrelere tabi k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n kamu d\u00fczeni ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli oldu\u011fu da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Bununla birlikte kural\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da irdelenmesi gerekir. Kanun\u2019da say\u0131lan ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda ve kamu yarar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilerek toplanan yard\u0131mlar\u0131n, ki\u015filerin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131, ya\u015fam hakk\u0131, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131, \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gibi, ad\u0131na yard\u0131m toplananlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilgilendirmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ve kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilen hizmetlere temas eden y\u00f6nleri bulunan yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6yle istisnai ve \u00f6zel durumlar s\u00f6z konusu olabilir ki bu \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ancak yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131labilir olmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Ancak yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresi do\u011frudan kanun taraf\u0131ndan belirli ve kesin bir zaman dilimiyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, yard\u0131m\u0131n hedeflenen miktara ula\u015famamas\u0131 nedeniyle hi\u00e7bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmamas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n
23. Kanun, bu t\u00fcr durumlarda s\u00fcrenin tekrar uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi elde edilen yard\u0131m miktar\u0131na ek kaynak sa\u011flayacak yeni bir ba\u015fvuru yapabilmesine de imk\u00e2n vermemektedir. Nitekim Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesi, toplanan yard\u0131m\u0131n amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek miktara ula\u015fmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yard\u0131m toplamaya izin veren makamca, yard\u0131m hangi ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in toplanm\u0131\u015f ise o veya benzeri amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecek kurulu\u015f veya kurulu\u015flara devrettirilece\u011fini h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kanun\u2019un, hedeflenen yard\u0131m\u0131n belirlenen s\u00fcrede toplanamamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, toplanan yard\u0131ma eklenmesi amac\u0131yla yeni bir yard\u0131m ba\u015fvurusu yapmay\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yard\u0131m toplama faaliyetine kategorik olarak azami s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 getiren, durumun \u00f6nemine g\u00f6re uzat\u0131lacak s\u00fcrenin belirlenmesinde yetkili mercilere takdir yetkisi tan\u0131mayan kural\u0131n, pek \u00e7ok hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011fmas\u0131 muhtemel sonu\u00e7lar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan orant\u0131l\u0131 olmayan bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle hukuk devleti ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 17. ve 56 maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de yukar\u0131da ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 17. ve 56. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
23\/6\/1983 tarihli ve 2860 say\u0131l\u0131 Yard\u0131m Toplama Kanunu\u2019nun 10. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE 27\/6\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi 27\/6\/2024 tarihinde E.2023\/181 numaral\u0131 dosyada, 2860 say\u0131l\u0131 Yard\u0131m Toplama Kanunu\u2019nun 10. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201c\u2026bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve iptaline karar vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural \u0130tiraz konusu kural\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemede, hakl\u0131 sebeplerin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti i\u00e7in izin verilen s\u00fcrenin izin veren makamca bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere uzat\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olup d\u00fczenlemede yer alan \u201c\u2026bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere…\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kural\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ile maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda devlete y\u00fcklenen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca hedeflenen yard\u0131m miktar\u0131na, yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda toplanan miktar\u0131n da devrinin s\u00f6z konusu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ihlal edildi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi 2860 say\u0131l\u0131 Yard\u0131m Toplama Kanunu\u2019nda say\u0131lan ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda ve kamu yarar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilerek toplanan yard\u0131mlar\u0131n ki\u015filerin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131, ya\u015fam hakk\u0131, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131, \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7ok hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilgilendirmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0 Bu nedenle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ve kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilen hizmetlere temas eden y\u00f6nleri bulunan yard\u0131m toplama faaliyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6yle istisnai ve \u00f6zel durumlar s\u00f6z konusu olabilir ki bu \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ancak yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131labilir olmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Ancak yard\u0131m toplama s\u00fcresi do\u011frudan kanun taraf\u0131ndan belirli ve kesin bir zaman dilimiyle …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n