{"id":19349,"date":"2024-12-05T15:59:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T12:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/uncategorized-tr\/menfi-tespit-ve-senetlerin-iptali-davasi-uyusmazligin-cozum-yeri-is-bolumu-iliskisi\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:59:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T12:59:00","slug":"menfi-tespit-ve-senetlerin-iptali-davasi-uyusmazligin-cozum-yeri-is-bolumu-iliskisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/de\/hukukihaber\/menfi-tespit-ve-senetlerin-iptali-davasi-uyusmazligin-cozum-yeri-is-bolumu-iliskisi\/","title":{"rendered":"MENF\u0130 TESP\u0130T VE SENETLER\u0130N \u0130PTAL\u0130 DAVASI – UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eIN \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM YER\u0130 – \u0130\u015e B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

T.C.
\nYARGITAY
\nHUKUK GENEL KURULU
\nE. 2023\/6-892
\nK. 2023\/1165
\nT. 29.11.2023<\/p>\n

MENF\u0130 TESP\u0130T VE SENETLER\u0130N \u0130PTAL\u0130 DAVASI ( 6102 SK Ge\u00e7. Md. 9 Gere\u011fince Eldeki Davada M\u00fclga 6762 SK Md. 5 Uygulanaca\u011f\u0131ndan Davan\u0131n Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde G\u00f6r\u00fclmesi Gere\u011fi – Davan\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarihte Asliye Hukuk \u0130le Asliye Ticaret Mahkemeleri Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fkinin G\u00f6rev De\u011fil \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130li\u015fkisi Oldu\u011fu\/Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp Sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekti\u011fi )<\/p>\n

UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eIN \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM YER\u0130 ( Menfi Tespit ve Senetlerin \u0130ptali Davas\u0131 – TTK’nun Ge\u00e7ici 9. Md.sindeki Ge\u00e7i\u015f H\u00fckm\u00fc Gere\u011fince Eldeki Davada M\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 5. Maddesi Uygulanmak Suretiyle Davan\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin Davay\u0131 Sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmas\u0131 Gerekti\u011fi )<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015e B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 ( Ticaret Mahkemesi S\u0131fat\u0131yla Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde A\u00e7\u0131lan Davada Asliye Hukuk ve Ticaret Mahkemesi Aras\u0131nda G\u00f6rev De\u011fil \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130li\u015fkisi Mevcut Olup \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130lk \u0130tiraz Olarak \u0130leri S\u00fcr\u00fclmedi\u011fi Takdirde Davan\u0131n Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde G\u00f6r\u00fclmesi Gere\u011fi\/Davan\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarihte Ticaret Mahkemesi Bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Daval\u0131lardan \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130tiraz\u0131nda Bulunmalar\u0131 Beklenemeyecek Olup Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi Davaya Bakmakla G\u00f6revli H\u00e2le Geldi\u011finden Sonradan HSK Karar\u0131 \u0130le Kurulup Faaliyete Ba\u015flayan Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin G\u00f6revli Oldu\u011fundan S\u00f6z Edilemeyece\u011fi )<\/p>\n

2709\/m.142<\/p>\n

6100\/m.1,20,114,115<\/p>\n

6102\/Ge\u00e7.m.9<\/p>\n

6762\/m.5<\/p>\n

\u00d6ZET: Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; eldeki davaya bakmakla g\u00f6revli mahkemenin asliye hukuk mahkemesi mi, yoksa asliye ticaret mahkemesi mi oldu\u011fu noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun ge\u00e7ici 9. maddesindeki ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince 01.07.2012 tarihinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan eldeki davada m\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 TTK’n\u0131n 5. maddesi uygulanmak suretiyle davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 asliye hukuk mahkemesinin davaya bakarak sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Somut olayda; mutlak ticari davalar aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmayan menfi tespit ve senetlerin iptali istemiyle 02.04.2008 tarihinde ticaret mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131lan davada asliye hukuk ve ticaret mahkemesi aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rev de\u011fil, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisi mevcut olup, mutlak ticari davalar hari\u00e7 eldeki davada oldu\u011fu gibi i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ilk itiraz olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmedi\u011fi takdirde, davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 asliye hukuk mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

Eldeki davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte Fethiye’de ticaret mahkemesi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, daval\u0131lardan i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc itiraz\u0131nda bulunmalar\u0131 beklenemez. Fethiye Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi art\u0131k eldeki davaya bakmakla g\u00f6revli h\u00e2le geldi\u011finden ve davay\u0131 g\u00f6rerek sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden, sonradan HSK karar\u0131 ile Mu\u011fla ilinde kurulup 01.09.2021 tarihinde faaliyete ba\u015flayan Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n

DAVA : 1. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki menfi tespit ve senetlerin iptali davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesince verilen davan\u0131n usulden reddine ili\u015fkin karar davac\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesince yap\u0131lan inceleme sonunda bozulmu\u015f, Mahkemece \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2. Direnme karar\u0131 davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

3. Hukuk Genel Kurulunca dosyadaki belgeler incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n

KARAR : I. YARGILAMA S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n

Davac\u0131 \u0130stemi<\/p>\n

4. Davac\u0131 vekili dava dilek\u00e7esinde; m\u00fcvekkili \u015firketin eski y\u00f6netim kurulu ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve orta\u011f\u0131 olan dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 …’n\u0131n \u015firketle aras\u0131ndaki husumet nedeniyle \u015firketi zarara u\u011fratmak ve haks\u0131z \u015fekilde menfaat temin etmek amac\u0131yla daval\u0131lar ile anla\u015f\u0131p birlikte hareket etmek suretiyle dava konusu senetleri ke\u015fide edip daval\u0131lara vererek \u015firketi bor\u00e7land\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu senetlerin hukuki mesnetten yoksun olup, hi\u00e7bir alacak\/bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisine dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek menfi tespit davas\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, daval\u0131lar\u0131n lehdar olarak alacakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dava konusu senetlerden dolay\u0131 m\u00fcvekkilinin bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitine ve senetlerin iptaline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015f; 02.05.2008 havale tarihli dilek\u00e7esinde ve 15.07.2008 tarihli duru\u015fmada al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda ise daval\u0131lardan … y\u00f6n\u00fcnden davay\u0131 istirdat davas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131lar Cevab\u0131<\/p>\n

5. Daval\u0131 … vekili cevap dilek\u00e7esinde; m\u00fcvekkilinin davac\u0131 \u015firkete ait otelden bozma diyaliz merkezi binas\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm tadilat i\u015fini, in\u015faat m\u00fchendisi … arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcstlendi\u011fini, kurulan bu i\u015f ili\u015fkisinde m\u00fcvekkilinin in\u015faat m\u00fchendisi N. ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fma gere\u011fince i\u015fe ait b\u00fct\u00fcn harcamalar\u0131 ve \u00fccreti do\u011frudan N.’ten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha sonra davac\u0131 \u015firketin, yetkilisi … arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla baz\u0131 il\u00e2ve tadilatlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti\u011fini, t\u00fcm i\u015flerin ve talep edilen il\u00e2ve tadilatlar\u0131n m\u00fcvekkili taraf\u0131ndan zaman\u0131nda ve eksiksiz olarak ifa ettirildi\u011fini, yap\u0131lan i\u015flerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda davac\u0131 \u015firketin yetkilisi …’n\u0131n dava konusu senedi ke\u015fide ederek verdi\u011fini, verilen senedin bedelsiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

6. Daval\u0131 … vekili cevap dilek\u00e7esinde; davac\u0131 ile m\u00fcvekkilinin yetkilisi oldu\u011fu \u015firket aras\u0131nda imzalanan protokol ile Fiesta Otelin bulundu\u011fu binan\u0131n diyaliz merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in gerekli proje ve m\u00fchendislik hizmetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u015finin \u00fcstlenildi\u011fini, davac\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f bedelini toplam 30.000,00 TL tutar\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7 adet senetle \u00f6deyece\u011finin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, taahh\u00fct edilen i\u015fin s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce ifa edilerek teslim edildi\u011fini, ancak davac\u0131n\u0131n vadesi gelen senetleri \u00f6demedi\u011fini, bunun \u00fczerine m\u00fcvekkilinin senet bedellerinin tahsili i\u00e7in icra takibi ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu senetlerdeki imzan\u0131n senetlerin tanzim tarihinde davac\u0131 \u015firketi tek ba\u015f\u0131na bor\u00e7land\u0131rmaya yetkili olan …’ya ait oldu\u011funu, davac\u0131n\u0131n senetlerden dolay\u0131 bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 delillerle ispatlamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirterek davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

7. Daval\u0131 … dava dilek\u00e7esi ekli usul\u00fcne uygun davetiye tebli\u011fine ra\u011fmen cevap dilek\u00e7esi sunmam\u0131\u015f; \u00d6zel Dairenin birinci bozma karar\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda daval\u0131n\u0131n vefat etmesi ve davac\u0131 vekilinin daval\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n davaya d\u00e2hil edilmelerine y\u00f6nelik dilek\u00e7e sunmas\u0131 \u00fczerine mahkemece daval\u0131n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na usul\u00fcne uygun davetiye tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f, ancak daval\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 cevap dilek\u00e7esi sunmam\u0131\u015f, yarg\u0131lamaya kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi’nin Birinci Karar\u0131<\/p>\n

8. Fethiye 1. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi’nin (Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi S\u0131fat\u0131yla) 11.01.2013 tarihli ve 2008\/153 Esas, 2013\/76 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; dosyada mevcut ticaret sicil gazetesi \u00f6rneklerine g\u00f6re …’n\u0131n 29.03.2007 ile 25.05.2007 tarihleri aras\u0131nda davac\u0131 \u015firket ad\u0131na tek ba\u015f\u0131na imza yetkisinin bulundu\u011fu, davaya konu senetlerin tanzim tarihlerinin 01.04.2007, 02.04.2007 ve 20.04.2007 oldu\u011fu, bu h\u00e2li ile senetlerin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi tarihte …’n\u0131n davac\u0131 \u015firketin yetkilisi oldu\u011fu, yetkili temsilci taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan senetlerden dolay\u0131 temsil edilen davac\u0131 \u015firketin sorumlu oldu\u011fu, senetlerin davac\u0131 \u015firket kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda yer almamas\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131 \u015firketin sorumlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve davac\u0131n\u0131n iddias\u0131n\u0131 ispat edemedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel Dairenin Birinci Bozma Karar\u0131<\/p>\n

9. Mahkemenin yukar\u0131da belirtilen karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde davac\u0131 vekili ile daval\u0131lar … ve … vekili temyiz isteminde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

10. Yarg\u0131tay (Kapat\u0131lan) 15. Hukuk Dairesinin 18.11.2015 tarihli ve 2015\/3467 Esas, 2015\/5848 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile;<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Dosya kapsam\u0131ndan, Fethiye 1. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi’nin 2009\/845 Esas say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda dava konusu bonolar ile ilgili resmi belgede sahtecilik ve doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda beraat karar\u0131 verilmesine ra\u011fmen davac\u0131 kat\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan karar\u0131n temyiz edildi\u011fi, bu nedenle kesinle\u015fmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Olaya zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanmas\u0131 gereken m\u00fclga 818 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu’nun 53. maddesi (6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu’nun 74. maddesi) uyar\u0131nca ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda s\u00fcbuta eren maddi olgular hukuk hakimini ba\u011flar. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ceza davas\u0131nda, s\u00fcbuta eren maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n hukuk davas\u0131nda nazara al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan ve hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan ceza davas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 eldeki hukuk davas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek niteliktedir.<\/p>\n

Mahkemece yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, ceza davas\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesini beklemek, ceza davas\u0131 kesinle\u015ftikten sonra ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda s\u00fcbuta eren maddi olgular\u0131 ve toplanan t\u00fcm delilleri birlikte de\u011ferlendirmek ve sonucuna uygun karar vermekten ibarettir. 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 HMK’n\u0131n 165\/1. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince ceza davas\u0131 bekletici mesele yap\u0131lmadan ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmeden eksik incelemeyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015f, karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle karar bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi’nin \u0130kinci Karar\u0131<\/p>\n

11. Fethiye 1. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi’nin (Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi S\u0131fat\u0131yla) 23.11.2021 tarihli ve 2016\/289 Esas, 2021\/526 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; \u00d6zel Dairenin bozma karar\u0131na uyulduktan sonra g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davan\u0131n ticaret mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revine giren dava ve i\u015flerden oldu\u011fu, g\u00f6revle ilgili d\u00fczenlemelerin kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fundan taraflarca ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmese dahi yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda resen g\u00f6zetilece\u011fi, yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Genel Kurulu’nun 07.07.2021 tarihli 608 Say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin kuruldu\u011fu ve 01.09.2021 tarihinden itibaren faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011finin belirlendi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mahkemenin dava konusu somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00f6revsiz h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle dosyan\u0131n g\u00f6revli ve yetkili Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesine devrine ve g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi’nin \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Karar\u0131<\/p>\n

12. Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin 09.12.2021 tarihli ve 2021\/1482 Esas, 2021\/1184 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Genel Kurulu’nun 07.07.2021 tarihli ve 608 Say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile kurulmas\u0131na karar verilen ve yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi t\u00fcm Mu\u011fla ilinin m\u00fclki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olarak belirlenen Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi ile ilgili karar\u0131n 01.09.2021 tarihinden itibaren uygulanmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi, eldeki davan\u0131n 02.04.2008 tarihinde asliye hukuk mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan m\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun (m\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun) 5\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re dava tarihi itibariyle Fethiye il\u00e7esinde ayr\u0131 bir ticaret mahkemesi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan asliye hukuk mahkemesinin davaya bakmakla g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu, davadan sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun ge\u00e7ici 9\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 01.07.2012 tarihinden \u00f6nceki davalara, davalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkemede bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden davaya bakmakla g\u00f6revli mahkemenin Fethiye Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 114\/1-c ve 115\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan usulden reddine, mahkemenin g\u00f6revsizli\u011fine, karar kesinle\u015fti\u011finde ve yasal s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde talep edilmesi h\u00e2linde dosyan\u0131n g\u00f6revli ve yetkili Fethiye 1. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel Dairenin \u0130kinci Bozma Karar\u0131<\/p>\n

13. Mahkemenin yukar\u0131da belirtilen karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde davac\u0131 vekili temyiz isteminde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

14. Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesinin 14.06.2022 tarihli ve 2022\/2518 Esas, 2022\/3344 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile;<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta dava Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Fethiye 1. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dava tarihinde Fethiye’de m\u00fcstakil ticaret mahkemesi bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, ticari dava niteli\u011findeki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa bakmaya, davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi g\u00f6revlidir. Ancak yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar genel kurulunun 07.07.2021 tarih ve 608 Say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla Mu\u011fla ili m\u00fclki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi olarak belirlenen Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin kuruldu\u011fu ve 01.09.2021 tarihinde faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince dosyan\u0131n Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesine re’sen g\u00f6nderilmesine dair verilen karar usul ve yasaya uygun bulundu\u011fundan Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karar\u0131n bu nedenle bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na, bozma sebebine g\u00f6re davac\u0131 vekilinin di\u011fer temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdilik incelenmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Direnme Karar\u0131<\/p>\n

15. Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin 02.03.2023 tarihli ve 2022\/910 Esas, 2023\/133 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; dava tarihinin 02.04.2008 oldu\u011fu ve davan\u0131n 01.09.2021 tarihinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihteki duruma t\u00e2bi oldu\u011fu, dava tarihinden sonra kurulan ve faaliyete ge\u00e7irilen Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesince davan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulu’nun (HSK) 07.07.2021 tarihli ve 608 Say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015fbu karar\u0131n 01.09.2021 tarihinden itibaren uygulanmas\u0131na denilmek suretiyle bu tarihten \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ticari davalar\u0131n bu belirleme kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu, ilgili kararda do\u011fal h\u00e2kimlik ilkesinin g\u00f6zetildi\u011fi, HSK karar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davalar\u0131n devri ile ilgili herhangi bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmedi\u011fi, sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin g\u00f6rev ve yetkiyi etkilemeyece\u011fi, yasa de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinde dahi ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa mevcut mahkemelerin g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 vererek ellerindeki derdest dosyalar\u0131 yeni kurulan mahkemelere g\u00f6nderemeyece\u011fi, 01.09.2021 tarihinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan ticari davalar\u0131n g\u00f6revsizlikle g\u00f6nderilmesinin tabii h\u00e2kim ilkesine ve HSK taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Direnme Karar\u0131n\u0131n Temyizi<\/p>\n

16. Direnme karar\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

II. UYU\u015eMAZLIK<\/p>\n

17. Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; HSK’n\u0131n 07.07.2021 tarihli, 608 Say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ve HSK Birinci Dairesi’nin 08.07.2021 tarihli, 568 Say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcstemir yetkilerin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131 \u00fczerine Mu\u011fla ilinde asliye ticaret mahkemesinin kuruldu\u011fu ve 01.09.2021 tarihinde faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi somut olayda; eldeki davaya bakmakla g\u00f6revli mahkemenin asliye hukuk mahkemesi mi, yoksa asliye ticaret mahkemesi mi oldu\u011fu noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

III. GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n

18. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere g\u00f6rev, 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 1. maddesinde; \u201cMahkemelerin g\u00f6revi, ancak kanunla d\u00fczenlenir. G\u00f6reve ili\u015fkin kurallar, kamu d\u00fczenindendir\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

19. Usul Hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6rev, bir yarg\u0131 yerinin davan\u0131n konusu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yetkili olmas\u0131 durumudur. Birden \u00e7ok yarg\u0131 d\u00fczeninin bulunmas\u0131 veya bir yarg\u0131 d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde birden \u00e7ok yarg\u0131 yerinin yer almas\u0131 yarg\u0131 d\u00fczenleri veya ayn\u0131 yarg\u0131 d\u00fczeni i\u00e7indeki yarg\u0131 yerleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sorununa sebep olabilir. Hem adli yarg\u0131da, hem de idari yarg\u0131da g\u00f6rev alan\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi kamu d\u00fczeni ile ilgilidir. Taraflar aralar\u0131nda anla\u015fsalar bile bir mahkemenin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiremezler. G\u00f6revsizlik itiraz\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan da mahkeme kendili\u011finden g\u00f6rev konusunu inceleyerek bu konudaki karar\u0131n\u0131 verir (T\u00fcrk Hukuk L\u00fbgat\u0131, T\u00fcrk Hukuk Kurumu, Cilt I, Ankara 2021, s. 425).<\/p>\n

20. Dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n neler oldu\u011fu 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 114. maddesinde belirtilmi\u015f olup, an\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin birinci bendinin (c) alt bendinde mahkemenin g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6rev kurallar\u0131 kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup, bir dava ancak g\u00f6revli mahkemece incelenebilir. Mahkeme her \u015feyden \u00f6nce g\u00f6revli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6revsiz mahkemede a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan usulden reddi gerekir (… Pekcan\u0131tez, … \u00d6zekes, Mine Akkan, H. Ta\u015f Korkmaz, Medeni Usul Hukuku, Cilt II, \u0130stanbul 2017, s. 930).<\/p>\n

21. Dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131, bir davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda incelemeye ge\u00e7ilebilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n incelenmesi usul\u00fcn\u00fc tespit etmek, b\u00f6ylece davalar\u0131n daha \u00e7abuk, basit ve ekonomik bir \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r (Baki, Kuru: \u0130stinaf Sistemine G\u00f6re Yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Medeni Usul Hukuku, \u0130stanbul 2016, s. 190).<\/p>\n

22. Bu arada g\u00f6revli mahkeme kavram\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131nda fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

23. Genel anlamda bir mahkemenin g\u00f6revi, belirli bir davaya, dava konusunun niteli\u011fi veya de\u011ferine g\u00f6re o yerdeki ayn\u0131 yarg\u0131 koluna ait ilk derece mahkemelerinden hangisi taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131labilece\u011fini belirtir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi ilk derece mahkemeleri genel mahkemeler ve \u00f6zel mahkemeler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hangi davalara \u00f6zel mahkemelerde, hangi davalara genel mahkemelerde bak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususuna “g\u00f6rev”, bunu d\u00fczenleyen kurallara da “g\u00f6rev kurallar\u0131” denir.<\/p>\n

24. Genel mahkeme ile \u00f6zel mahkeme aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin g\u00f6rev ili\u015fkisi ve g\u00f6revle ilgili kurallar\u0131n da kamu d\u00fczeninden oldu\u011fu konusunda \u00f6\u011fretide ve uygulamada duraksama bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Genel mahkemelerin bakacaklar\u0131 davalar, belirli ki\u015fi ve i\u015f gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olup aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e medeni yarg\u0131lama hukukuna giren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fe bakmakla g\u00f6revlidirler. A\u00e7\u0131k kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc ile \u00f6zel mahkemelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi belirtilmemi\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn davalar genel mahkemelerin g\u00f6revine girer.<\/p>\n

25. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zel mahkemeler, belirli ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan belirli uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara bakmakla g\u00f6revlidir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, \u00f6zel mahkemeler \u00f6zel kanunlarla kurulmu\u015f olup \u00f6zel kanunlarda belirtilen davalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Nitekim 2709 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n (Anayasan\u0131n) 142. maddesinde mahkemelerin kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, i\u015fleyi\u015fleri ve yarg\u0131lama usullerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

26. Mahkemelerin g\u00f6revi dava konusu sorun \u00fczerinde daha \u00f6nce bir karar vermi\u015f bulunan merciin s\u0131fat\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fil, taraflar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zellikler gibi baz\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, konunun niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re belli olur. Mahkemelerin g\u00f6revi kamu d\u00fczeni ile ilgilidir. K\u0131yas veya yorum ile geni\u015fletilemez yahut de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez. Kanunda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k bulunmayan durumlarda g\u00f6rev genel mahkemelere aittir (05.12.1977 tarihli, 1977\/4 Esas, 1977\/4 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131).<\/p>\n

27. Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, g\u00f6reve ili\u015fkin kurallar kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 114\/1-c maddesine g\u00f6re mahkemenin g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 115. maddesine g\u00f6re ise dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, taraflarca ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp s\u00fcr\u00fclmedi\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkemece kendili\u011finden (resen) g\u00f6zetilir.<\/p>\n

28. Di\u011fer taraftan g\u00f6revsiz mahkeme davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar veremez. Bu nedenle, dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken dayan\u0131lan hukuki ve maddi olgular\u0131n g\u00f6reve etkili oldu\u011fu durumda \u00f6ncelikle hukuki nitelendirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve sonucuna g\u00f6re mahkemenin g\u00f6revsiz oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na var\u0131l\u0131rsa dava dilek\u00e7esinin usulden reddine karar verilmelidir. 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 20. maddesi gere\u011fince g\u00f6rev nedeniyle dava dilek\u00e7esinin usulden reddine dair kararda hangi mahkemenin g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu belirtilerek dosyan\u0131n g\u00f6revli mahkemeye g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmelidir (Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 15.11.2022 tarihli ve 2020\/(23)6-470 Esas, 2022\/1516 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131).<\/p>\n

29. Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun \u201cAsliye hukuk mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2. maddesine g\u00f6re dava konusunun de\u011fer ve miktar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin davalarla, \u015fah\u0131s varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin davalarda g\u00f6revli mahkeme, aksine bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a asliye hukuk mahkemesidir. Bu Kanunda ve di\u011fer Kanunlarda aksine d\u00fczenleme bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, asliye hukuk mahkemesi di\u011fer dava ve i\u015fler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da g\u00f6revlidir.<\/p>\n

30. Ticari davalara ise, m\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 01.10.2011 tarihine kadar asliye ticaret mahkemeleri, asliye hukuk mahkemeleri ve sulh hukuk mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 01.10.2011 tarihinden 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 01.07.2012 tarihine kadar da asliye ticaret mahkemeleri ile asliye hukuk mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde asliye ticaret mahkemeleri ile asliye hukuk mahkemeleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin m\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/3. maddesine g\u00f6re i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisi olmas\u0131 sebebiyle ve i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisinin ilk itiraz oldu\u011fu da dikkate al\u0131narak, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ilk itiraz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde asliye hukuk mahkemeleri de ticari davalara bakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Levent, B\u00f6r\u00fc\/ \u0130., Ko\u00e7yi\u011fit ; Ticari Dava, 2. Bask\u0131, Ankara 2021, s. 894).<\/p>\n

31. T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 01.07.2012 tarihinden \u00f6nce asliye ticaret mahkemeleri, bulunduklar\u0131 yerdeki asliye hukuk mahkemesinin daireleri durumundayd\u0131 ve \u00f6zel de\u011fil, genel mahkemeler aras\u0131nda yer almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

32. Ancak 6335 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu ile T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununun Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Uygulama \u015eekli Hakk\u0131nda Kanunda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun’un 2. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015fik 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u201cAksine h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, dava olunan \u015feyin de\u011ferine veya tutar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, asliye ticaret mahkemesi t\u00fcm ticari davalar ile ticari nitelikteki \u00e7eki\u015fmesiz yarg\u0131 i\u015flerine bakmakla g\u00f6revlidir\u201d<\/p>\n

5. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u201cAsliye ticaret mahkemesi ile asliye hukuk mahkemesi ve di\u011fer hukuk mahkemeleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki g\u00f6rev ili\u015fkisi olup, bu durumda g\u00f6reve ili\u015fkin usul h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

33. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere 01.07.2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5. maddesinde 6335 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonras\u0131, ticari davalara asliye ticaret mahkemelerinin bakaca\u011f\u0131 hususu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/3. maddesi gere\u011fince asliye ticaret mahkemesi ile asliye hukuk mahkemesi ve di\u011fer hukuk mahkemeleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki g\u00f6rev ili\u015fkisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durumda mahkemeler aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6reve ili\u015fkin usul h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

34. Bununla birlikte, m\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 TTK’n\u0131n 5. maddesi gere\u011fince; bir veya daha fazla ticaret mahkemesi bulunan yerlerde, asliye hukuk ve ticaret mahkemeleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rev de\u011fil, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisi mevcuttur. Esasen, bir yerdeki birden fazla asliye hukuk mahkemesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki de i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisidir; ancak buradaki i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisi, ger\u00e7ekte bir i\u00e7 ili\u015fki niteli\u011findedir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, bir yerdeki birden fazla ticaret mahkemelerinin ve birden fazla sulh hukuk mahkemelerinin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki de, ger\u00e7ekte i\u00e7 ili\u015fki niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bir i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisidir. Ancak, bir yerdeki birden \u00e7ok ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr mahkeme; \u00f6rne\u011fin birden \u00e7ok asliye hukuk mahkemesi aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisi (i\u00e7 ili\u015fki) ile o yerdeki asliye hukuk ve ticaret mahkemeleri aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisi aras\u0131nda iki \u00f6nemli fark bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

35. Birinci fark; ticaret mahkemesi ile asliye hukuk mahkemesi aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kanundan almas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: m\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 TTK’n\u0131n 4. maddesinde ticari davalar say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; 5. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, m\u00fcddeabbihe g\u00f6re ticari davalar\u0131n sulh veya asliye hukuk mahkemelerince de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f; ikinci f\u0131krada, ayr\u0131 ticaret mahkemesi bulunan yerlerde, asliye hukuk mahkemesinin g\u00f6revinde olan ve 4. madde uyar\u0131nca ticari say\u0131lan davalara ticaret mahkemesince bak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada ise, kural olarak i\u015f sahas\u0131 (i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc) itiraz\u0131n\u0131n taraflarca ancak ilk itiraz olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kanunun d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bu i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6re, bir yerdeki ticaret mahkemesi kanunda belirtilmi\u015f olan ticari davalara; asliye hukuk mahkemesi ise kanunda belirtilen di\u011fer hukuk davalar\u0131na bakacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

36. \u0130kinci fark ise; birden fazla asliye hukuk mahkemesi bulunan bir yerdeki asliye hukuk mahkemelerinden birinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan bir davada, taraflar\u0131n, o davan\u0131n ayn\u0131 yerdeki ba\u015fka bir asliye hukuk mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc itiraz\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde; o yerdeki asliye hukuk ve ticaret mahkemeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden b\u00f6ylesi bir i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc itiraz\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6rne\u011fin asliye hukuk mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir davayla ilgili olarak, oradaki ticaret mahkemesinin g\u00f6revli bulundu\u011funun veya bunun tersinin ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

37. Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 14.01.2015 tarihli ve 2013\/23-1589 Esas, 2015\/33 Karar; 12.11.2014 tarihli ve 2013\/23-1288 Esas, 2014\/909 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi gibi yap\u0131lan bu genel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, ayn\u0131 yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresinde hem asliye hukuk hem de asliye ticaret mahkemelerinin birlikte bulundu\u011fu h\u00e2llere ili\u015fkin ve bu h\u00e2llerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

38. 01.07.2012 tarihinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar i\u00e7in g\u00f6revin sona ermemesi ve bu tarihten \u00f6nce i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisinin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc itiraz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde asliye hukuk mahkemesinin ticari davalara da bakabilecek olmas\u0131, 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 TTK’n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici 9. maddesi gere\u011fince eldeki davalar\u0131n g\u00f6revli h\u00e2le gelen ticaret mahkemelerine g\u00f6nderilmeyece\u011fine dair ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

39. 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun (TTK) ge\u00e7ici 9. maddesinde;<\/p>\n

“…(Ek : 6335 – 26.6.2012 \/ m.38) (1) Bu Kanunun g\u00f6reve ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, bu Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan davalarda uygulanmaz. Bu davalar, a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabidir…” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

40. An\u0131lan ge\u00e7ici 9. maddeki ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fckm\u00fc veya istisna d\u00fczenlemesi gere\u011fince 01.07.2012 tarihinden \u00f6nce 02.04.2008 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131lan eldeki davada m\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 TTK’n\u0131n 5. maddesi uygulanmak suretiyle davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 asliye hukuk mahkemesinin davaya bakarak sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

41. Somut olayda; mutlak ticari davalar aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmayan menfi tespit ve senetlerin iptali istemiyle 02.04.2008 tarihinde ticaret mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Fethiye Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131lan davada asliye hukuk ve ticaret mahkemesi aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rev de\u011fil, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisi mevcut olup, mutlak ticari davalar hari\u00e7 eldeki davada oldu\u011fu gibi i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ilk itiraz olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmedi\u011fi takdirde, davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 asliye hukuk mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

42. Eldeki davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 02.04.2008 tarihinde Fethiye’de ticaret mahkemesi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, daval\u0131lardan i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc itiraz\u0131nda bulunmalar\u0131 beklenemez. Fethiye Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi art\u0131k eldeki davaya bakmakla g\u00f6revli h\u00e2le geldi\u011finden ve davay\u0131 g\u00f6rerek sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden, sonradan HSK karar\u0131 ile Mu\u011fla ilinde kurulup 01.09.2021 tarihinde faaliyete ba\u015flayan Mu\u011fla Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n

43. H\u00e2l b\u00f6yle olunca, direnme karar\u0131 yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ve nedenlerle onanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7 : A\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeplerle;<\/p>\n

Davac\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n reddi ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ve nedenlerle ONANMASINA,<\/p>\n

Har\u00e7 pe\u015fin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan har\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na,<\/p>\n

6217 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 30. maddesiyle 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’na eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici Madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 Say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 440\/III-3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca karar d\u00fczeltme yolu kapal\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, 29.11.2023 tarihinde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n

Kazanc\u0131 Elektronik ve Bas\u0131l\u0131 Yay. A.\u015e.ne ait Kazanc\u0131 Hukuk Otomasyon veritaban\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a9 T\u00fcm Haklar\u0131 Sakl\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n

\u200b6102 SK Ge\u00e7. Md. 9 Gere\u011fince Eldeki Davada M\u00fclga 6762 SK Md. 5 Uygulanaca\u011f\u0131ndan Davan\u0131n Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde G\u00f6r\u00fclmesi Gere\u011fi – Davan\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarihte Asliye Hukuk \u0130le Asliye Ticaret Mahkemeleri Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fkinin G\u00f6rev De\u011fil \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130li\u015fkisi Oldu\u011fu\/Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp Sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekti\u011fi\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n

Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T.C. YARGITAY HUKUK GENEL KURULU E. 2023\/6-892 K. 2023\/1165 T. 29.11.2023 MENF\u0130 TESP\u0130T VE SENETLER\u0130N \u0130PTAL\u0130 DAVASI ( 6102 SK Ge\u00e7. Md. 9 Gere\u011fince Eldeki Davada M\u00fclga 6762 SK Md. 5 Uygulanaca\u011f\u0131ndan Davan\u0131n Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde G\u00f6r\u00fclmesi Gere\u011fi – Davan\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarihte Asliye Hukuk \u0130le Asliye Ticaret Mahkemeleri Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fkinin G\u00f6rev De\u011fil \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130li\u015fkisi Oldu\u011fu\/Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp Sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekti\u011fi ) UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eIN \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM YER\u0130 ( Menfi Tespit ve Senetlerin \u0130ptali Davas\u0131 – TTK’nun Ge\u00e7ici 9. Md.sindeki Ge\u00e7i\u015f H\u00fckm\u00fc Gere\u011fince Eldeki Davada M\u00fclga 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 5. Maddesi Uygulanmak Suretiyle Davan\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin Davay\u0131 Sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmas\u0131 Gerekti\u011fi ) \u0130\u015e B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 ( Ticaret Mahkemesi S\u0131fat\u0131yla Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde A\u00e7\u0131lan Davada Asliye Hukuk ve Ticaret Mahkemesi Aras\u0131nda G\u00f6rev De\u011fil \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130li\u015fkisi Mevcut Olup \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130lk \u0130tiraz Olarak \u0130leri S\u00fcr\u00fclmedi\u011fi Takdirde Davan\u0131n Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde G\u00f6r\u00fclmesi Gere\u011fi\/Davan\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarihte Ticaret Mahkemesi Bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Daval\u0131lardan \u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130tiraz\u0131nda Bulunmalar\u0131 Beklenemeyecek Olup Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi Davaya Bakmakla G\u00f6revli H\u00e2le Geldi\u011finden Sonradan HSK Karar\u0131 \u0130le Kurulup Faaliyete Ba\u015flayan Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi’nin G\u00f6revli Oldu\u011fundan S\u00f6z Edilemeyece\u011fi ) 2709\/m.142 6100\/m.1,20,114,115 6102\/Ge\u00e7.m.9 6762\/m.5 \u00d6ZET: Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; eldeki davaya bakmakla g\u00f6revli mahkemenin asliye hukuk mahkemesi mi, yoksa asliye ticaret mahkemesi mi oldu\u011fu noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r. 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMENF\u0130 TESP\u0130T VE SENETLER\u0130N \u0130PTAL\u0130 DAVASI - UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eIN \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM YER\u0130 - \u0130\u015e B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 - Av. 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