T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00d6.K. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2023\/12699)<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 27\/5\/2025<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K TALEB\u0130 KABUL<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Yusuf KARABULAK<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
\u00d6.K.<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. An\u0131l ULU\u00c7<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, yap\u0131lan haber nedeniyle \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 13\/2\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinin idari y\u00f6nden yap\u0131lan \u00f6n incelemesinden sonra Komisyona sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
3. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131, ba\u015fvurular\u0131n kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve ekleri incelendi\u011finde olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
6. 15\/7\/2016 tarihinde darbe giri\u015fiminin oldu\u011fu vakitlerde Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca t\u00fcm camilerde ezan ve sela okunmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine tiyatro ve dizi oyuncusu olarak tan\u0131nan U.A.K.nin sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan 16\/7\/2016 tarihinde -daha sonra kendisinin yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fi- “Ya ezan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s…im \u015fu an \u00e7ok afedersiniz balkondan atlamama ramak kald\u0131” \u015feklinde bir payla\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu payla\u015f\u0131m ulusal bir\u00e7ok gazete ve haber sitesinde haber olarak aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n akabinde U.A.K. hakk\u0131nda halk\u0131n bir kesiminin benimsedi\u011fi din\u00ee de\u011ferleri alenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama su\u00e7undan adli soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Ulusal bir gazeteye ait internet sitesi olan www.yeniakit.com.tr (haber sitesi) adresinden de s\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131m 29\/7\/2016 tarihinde “Oyuncu bozuntusundan ezana al\u00e7ak\u00e7a k\u00fcf\u00fcr” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir haberle yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine s\u00f6z konusu haberin de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzer haberler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir\u00e7ok haber sitesine eri\u015fim engeli karar\u0131 verilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurucunun h\u00e2kim olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sulh ceza h\u00e2kimli\u011fine talepte bulunulmu\u015ftur. S\u00f6z konusu talebi de\u011ferlendiren ba\u015fvurucu, di\u011fer haberlerin bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak Yeni Akit sitesindeki haberde yer alan “oyuncu bozuntusu” ifadesinin talepte bulunan U.A.K.nin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle talebin kabul\u00fc ile s\u00f6z konusu haber linkine eri\u015fimin engellenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Bu karar do\u011frultusunda habere eri\u015fimin engellenmesi \u00fczerine bu kez ayn\u0131 haber sitesinde 26\/8\/2019 tarihinde “Ezana k\u00fcfretti Akit\u2019i yasaklatt\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yeni bir haber yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu haberde eri\u015fimin engellenmesine karar veren ba\u015fvurucuya da de\u011finilmi\u015f, ezan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak nitelendirilen U.A.K.nin ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberin \u0130stanbul 1. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan \u00d6. K. taraf\u0131ndan sans\u00fcrlendi\u011fi iddia edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca haberde U.A.K. hakk\u0131nda halk\u0131n bir kesiminin benimsedi\u011fi din\u00ee de\u011ferleri alenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama su\u00e7undan yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda \u0130stanbul Anadolu 4. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesince verilen karara da yer verilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu kararda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kendisinin yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etti\u011fi, daha \u00f6nce de ayn\u0131 sosyal medya hesab\u0131n\u0131n izinsiz \u015fekilde ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin ekran \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ibraz edildi\u011fi belirtilerek U.A.K.nin \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fine dair kesin, yeterli ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle beraatine h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir. Bahsi ge\u00e7en haberin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“Oyuncu [U.A.K.nin] Ezan-\u0131 Muhammedi\u2019ye k\u00fcfretmesine mahkemeden \u00f6d\u00fcl gibi karar. FET\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn hain giri\u015fiminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi 15 Temmuz gecesi \u0130slam\u2019a nefretini kusan Kabo\u011flu\u2019nun ‘Ya ezan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s…im \u015fu an \u00e7ok afedersiniz balkondan atlamama ramak kald\u0131’ \u015feklindeki al\u00e7ak payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 haberle\u015ftiren yeniakit.com.tr\u2019deki i\u00e7eri\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131m engeli getirildi. \u0130stanbul 1. Sulh Ceza Hakimi [\u00d6.K.], ezan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Kabo\u011flu\u2019nun ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 habere sans\u00fcr uygulanmas\u0131na karar verdi.<\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu yana yasaklar ve sans\u00fcrlerle bo\u011fu\u015fan Akit\u2019e y\u00f6nelik tuhaf yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131na bir yenisi daha eklendi. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 bozuntusu[U.A.K.nin] Ezan-\u0131 Muhammedi\u2019ye k\u00fcfretmesine y\u00f6nelik tepki haberi yapan Akit\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 mahkemeden ‘yasak’ karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. [U.A.K.nin] 15 Temmuz gecesi @[a.] uzant\u0131l\u0131 Twitter adresi \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘Ya ezan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s…im \u015fu an \u00e7ok afedersiniz balkondan atlamama ramak kald\u0131’ \u015feklindeki al\u00e7ak payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 haberle\u015ftiren Yeniakit.com.tr\u2019ye ula\u015f\u0131m engeli getirildi. Mahkeme, internet sitemizdeki ‘Oyuncu bozuntusundan ezana al\u00e7ak k\u00fcf\u00fcr’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberimize eri\u015fimin engellenmesine karar verdi. Darbe gecesi verilen selalar\u0131 ‘ezan’ zanneden ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n kutsallar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan ezana k\u00fcfreden Kabo\u011flu, mahkeme karar\u0131 ile adeta \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
Ezana k\u00fcfredilmesine \u00f6d\u00fcl! <\/p>\n
Ezan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 [U.A.K.nin] 27\/06\/2019 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklama ba\u015fvurusunu ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde jet h\u0131z\u0131yla karara ba\u011flayan 1. Sulh Ceza Hakimi [\u00d6.K.], Akit\u2019i sans\u00fcrleyerek bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7i\u011fnedi. Mahkemenin 27\/06\/2019 tarihli, 2019\/3192 De\u011fi\u015fik \u0130\u015f No\u2019lu karar\u0131nda, ‘5651 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n 9\/3 maddesi gere\u011fince https:\/\/www.yeniakit.com.tr \/haber\/oyuncu-bozuntusundan-ezana-alcak-kufur-197945.html URL say\u0131l\u0131 internet sayfas\u0131na i\u00e7eri\u011finin ER\u0130\u015e\u0130ME ENGELLENMES\u0130NE karar verildi’ s\u00f6zleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n
Yasak sadece Akit\u2019e<\/p>\n
Ezan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 oyuncu [U.A.K.nin] rezaletiyle ilgili internet \u00fczerinden haber yay\u0131nlayan di\u011fer sitelere ise eri\u015fim engeli getirilmedi. Mahkeme karar\u0131nda, Takvim, Milliyet, AA, \u0130nternethaber, \u00d6ncevatan, Sabah, Haberler.com, A24 gibi internet sitelerinin [K.n\u0131n] ezana k\u00fcfretti\u011fine ve hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik haberlerine eri\u015fim engeli talebi reddedildi. 1. Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011fi\u2019nin sadece sans\u00fcr\u00fc sadece Akit\u2019e uygulamas\u0131 garabetin ikinci perdesi olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Bu sans\u00fcr Akit okurlar\u0131na<\/p>\n
Ezan-\u0131 Muhammed\u00ee\u2019ye k\u00fcfreden oyuncu bozuntusu [U.A.K.yi] sevindiren, bas\u0131n h\u00fcrriyetine pranga vuran kararla birlikte Akit okurlar\u0131 internet \u00fczerinden [K.n\u0131n] ezan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zlerine eri\u015femeyecek. Medya tarihinin karanl\u0131k sayfalar\u0131na eklenen mahkeme karar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen laik\u00e7i \u00e7evrelerin nas\u0131l \u00f6zg\u00fcr bas\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 oldu\u011funu da bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi.<\/p>\n
[U.A.K. hakk\u0131ndaki beraat karar\u0131]<\/p>\n
\u0130fadesinde k\u0131v\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/p>\n
15 Temmuz\u2019da ter\u00f6rist darbe giri\u015fiminin p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131rada [U.A.K.] hakk\u0131nda Anadolu Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130fadesine ba\u015fvurulan Kabo\u011flu ezana k\u00fcfretti\u011fi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 inkar ederek, gece saatlerinde hesab\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi iddianameye girmi\u015fti. 6 aydan 1 y\u0131la kadar hapsi istenen Kabo\u011flu\u2019nun beraatle sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenildi.”<\/p>\n
9. Bu haber \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucu, \u0130stanbul 4. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fine eri\u015fimin engellenmesi talebiyle ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi bu talebi kabul ederek habere eri\u015fimin engellenmesine karar vermi\u015f ve karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fini Eri\u015fim Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fine (Birlik) g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Birlik ise teknik yetersizlik sebebiyle bu karar\u0131 uygulayamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Haberin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi sebebiyle ba\u015fvurucu, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 haber yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle haber sitesinin imtiyaz sahiplerine kar\u015f\u0131 (daval\u0131lar) \u0130stanbul 10. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinde (Mahkeme) 20.000 TL istemli manevi tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Mahkeme; Anayasa ve ilgili mevzuatlarda bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce haber yapmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu g\u00fcvencenin nedeninin toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, mutlu ve g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayabilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu oldu\u011funu, bunun i\u00e7in de ki\u015finin, d\u00fcnyada ve \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumda meydana gelen ve toplumu ilgilendiren konularda bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131larak ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, demokratik bir toplumun vazge\u00e7ilmez esas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu toplumun geli\u015fiminin ve her bireyin kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinin temel ko\u015fulunu olu\u015fturdu\u011funu, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ho\u015fa gitmeyen, sars\u0131c\u0131 ya da rahats\u0131z edici olanlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca kararda Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na da vurgu yap\u0131larak gazetecilik tekni\u011fi gere\u011fi okuyucunun ilgisini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in haberlerde kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte olmas\u0131na ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funa, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde abart\u0131ya ve hatta tahrik yoluna ba\u015fvurman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funa i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Bu do\u011frultuda Mahkeme; haberde kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n okuyucunun ilgisini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tercih edildi\u011fini, ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131na haberde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer verilmesinin salt manevi zarara sebebiyet vermeyece\u011fini, bununla birlikte bunun eri\u015fimin engellenmesi talebine konu edilebilece\u011fini, nitekim yarg\u0131 karar\u0131yla habere eri\u015fim engeli getirildi\u011fini belirterek ba\u015fvurucunun manevi tazminat talebinin reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. An\u0131lan karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 4. Hukuk Dairesinin 18\/1\/2023 tarihli karar\u0131nda istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir. Kararda; bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ki\u015finin \u015feref ve itibar hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hususunda haklar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131larak bu iki de\u011ferden birinin di\u011ferine \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Davaya konu yay\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak de\u011ferlendirilip haber ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadenin ba\u015fvurucuya de\u011fil dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 U.A.K.ya y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Haberin i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131na y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z fiil te\u015fkil eden herhangi bir ifadenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, haberde davaya konu olay\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u015fekliyle aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zle bi\u00e7im aras\u0131ndaki dengenin bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava konusu yay\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin bas\u0131n ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde gerek\u00e7eye yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Karar\u0131n 2\/2\/2023 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucuya tebli\u011fi \u00fczerine 13\/2\/2023 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
14. \u0130lgili hukuk (ulusal mevzuat, yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Sadi Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mo\u011flu [1. B.], B. No: 2021\/24447, 20\/12\/2023, \u00a7\u00a7 16-38.<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 27\/5\/2025 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
16. Ba\u015fvurucu; bahse konu haberde; ezan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ya da ezan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilen bir ki\u015fi lehine tarafl\u0131 karar veren bir h\u00e2kim olarak hedef g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini, hakaret i\u00e7eren payla\u015f\u0131m sebebiyle eri\u015fimin engellenmesine karar verildi\u011fini, ger\u00e7e\u011fin sapt\u0131r\u0131larak haberde yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu hususun Anayasal g\u00fcvence olan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir. Bahsi ge\u00e7en internet sitesinde ismine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer verilmesinin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, yarg\u0131 makamlar\u0131nca \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
17. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; ba\u015fvurucunun \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011finin, yap\u0131lacak incelemede Anayasa ve ilgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, Anayasa Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihad\u0131 ve somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa’n\u0131n iddian\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde dayanak te\u015fkil eden “Ki\u015finin dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“Herkes, […] manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.”<\/p>\n
19. Ba\u015fvuru, \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
20. Anayasa Mahkemesi mevcut ba\u015fvuruya benzer ba\u015fvurularda, ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 ile \u015fik\u00e2yet konusu haberi yapan ki\u015filerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 28. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilip g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmektedir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 49; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran [2. B.], B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 27; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2) [GK], B. No: 2013\/8503, 27\/10\/2015 \u00a7 49; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/1577, 25\/10\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 56-58).<\/p>\n
1. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
21. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
a. Genel \u0130lkeler<\/p>\n
i. Bireyin \u015eeref ve \u0130tibar\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131nda Devletin Pozitif Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n
22. Bireyin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinde yer alan manevi varl\u0131k kapsam\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ki\u015finin hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru bilgi verilmesine ve kamu nezdinde kendisinin do\u011fru tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin menfaatleri zedelendi\u011finde bu durum, \u015feref ve itibara y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131 te\u015fkil eder. Devletin bireyin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ki\u015fisel \u015feref ve itibar\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek \u015feklinde pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r (Adnan Oktar (3) [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/1123, 2\/10\/2013, \u00a7 32). \u015eeref ve itibara y\u00f6nelik olarak bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n yolu ile yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 bireyin korunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 ihlal edilmi\u015f olabilir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2),\u00a7 42; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7 36).<\/p>\n
23. Pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015filerinin birbirleriyle olan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yasal altyap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lama gereklerine uygun ve usul g\u00fcvencelerini haiz bir yarg\u0131lama kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesini ve bu yarg\u0131lamalarda temel haklara ili\u015fkin anayasal g\u00fcvencelerin g\u00f6zetilip g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011finin denetlenmesini gerektirir. Bu do\u011frultuda derece mahkemelerince s\u00f6z konusu g\u00fcvenceler g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilmemeli, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan \u00e7\u0131karlar adil bi\u00e7imde dengelenmeli, ki\u015filerin temel haklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru amaca dayal\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmeli, ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulurken ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7eler sunulmal\u0131d\u0131r (\u00d6m\u00fcr Kara ve Onursal \u00d6zbek [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/4825, 24\/3\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 47-50; Alper Erarslan [GK], B. No: 2018\/16857, 29\/9\/2022, \u00a7 28).<\/p>\n
ii. Demokratik Toplum D\u00fczeninin Bir Gere\u011fi Olarak \u0130fade ve Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa Mahkemesi, Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde yer alan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile onun \u00f6zel g\u00fcvencelere ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f \u015fekli olan ve Anayasa’n\u0131n 28. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn demokratik bir toplumun zorunlu temellerinden oldu\u011funu, toplumun ilerlemesi ve her bireyin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in hayati unsurlardan birini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu pek \u00e7ok kez ifade etmi\u015ftir (Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131n [GK], B. No: 2013\/9343, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7 69; Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 34-36). Bu ba\u011flamda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc herkes i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir ve demokrasinin i\u015fleyi\u015fi i\u00e7in ya\u015famsal \u00f6nemdedir (Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 34-36). Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kamuya \u00e7e\u015fitli fikir ve tutumlar\u0131n iletilmesi, bunlara ili\u015fkin bir kanaat olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in en iyi ara\u00e7lardan birini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 63).<\/p>\n
iii. Bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6dev ve Sorumluluklar\u0131<\/p>\n
25. Bununla birlikte Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. ve 28. maddeleri s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc garanti etmemektedir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 12. maddesinin “Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, ki\u015finin topluma, ailesine ve di\u011fer ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6dev ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 da ihtiva eder.” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenen ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, ki\u015filerin sahip olduklar\u0131 temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri kullan\u0131rken \u00f6dev ve sorumluluklar\u0131na da g\u00f6nderme yapmaktad\u0131r. 26. maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131na bas\u0131n i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olan baz\u0131 g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar getirmektedir (bas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak bkz. Fatih Ta\u015f [GK], B. No: 2013\/1461, 12\/11\/2014, \u00a7 67; R.V.Y. A.\u015e. [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/1429, 14\/10\/2015, \u00a7 35; Erdem G\u00fcl ve Can D\u00fcndar [GK], B. No: 2015\/18567, 25\/2\/2016, \u00a7 89; Orhan Pala, B. No: 2014\/2983, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 46; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, B. No: 2014\/6009, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 43). Bu g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rme ihtimalinin bulundu\u011fu ve \u00f6zellikle ismi verilen bir \u015fahs\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda \u00f6zel \u00f6nem arz eder (Orhan Pala, \u00a7 47).<\/p>\n
26. Demokratik bir toplumda bas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevlerini tam anlam\u0131yla yerine getirebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131 kadar sorumluluk bilinci ile hareket etmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde abart\u0131ya hatta tahrik yoluna ba\u015fvurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa da bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ayn\u0131 zamanda ilgililerin meslek ahlak\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stererek do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenilir bilgi verecek \u015fekilde ve iyi niyetli olarak hareket etmelerini de zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 60; Orhan Pala, \u00a7 48; Medya G\u00fcndem Dijital Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k Ticaret A.\u015e. [GK], B. No: 2013\/2623, 11\/11\/2015, \u00a7 42; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7 53).<\/p>\n
27. Ger\u00e7ekten de k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli olarak ger\u00e7e\u011fin \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 bazen kabul edilebilir ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fabilir. Ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun bir beyana kamunun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde yanl\u0131\u015f bir imaj uyand\u0131rabilecek vurgular, de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, varsay\u0131mlar hatta imalar e\u015flik edebilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla haber verme g\u00f6revi zorunlu olarak \u00f6dev ve sorumluluklar ve bas\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kendili\u011finden uymalar\u0131 gereken s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu durum, \u00f6zellikle bas\u0131nda yer alan s\u00f6ylemlerde isimleri zikredilen ki\u015filerin ciddi \u015fekilde itham edilmeleri h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7erlidir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 61; Orhan Pala, \u00a7 48; Medya G\u00fcndem Dijital Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k Ticaret A.\u015e., \u00a7 43; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7 54).<\/p>\n
iv. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan Haklar Aras\u0131nda Dengeleme<\/p>\n
28. Anayasa Mahkemesi, mevcut ba\u015fvuruya benzer olaylarda ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 ile ihtilafl\u0131 haberi yapan gazetecinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 28. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aras\u0131nda adil bir denge g\u00f6zetilip g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmektedir (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 27; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 49; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 49; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 56-58). \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki bu de\u011ferlendirme soyut de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
29. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan haklar aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in mevcut olaya uygulanabilecek kriterlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. \u0130fadelerin kim taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi\u011fi (Nihat Zeybekci [1. B.], B. No: 2015\/5633, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 29; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu \u00a7 59),<\/p>\n
ii. Hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu, \u00fcnl\u00fcl\u00fck derecesi ile ilgili ki\u015finin \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, katlanmas\u0131 gereken, kabul edilebilir ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n sade bir vatanda\u015f ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha geni\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kamusal yetki kullanan bir g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Ali Suat Ertosun (7) [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/1416, 15\/10\/2015, \u00a7 36; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2018\/17635, 26\/7\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 128, 129; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran [2. B.], B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 45; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2)[1. B.], B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 82; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin siyaset\u00e7i olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 66, 67; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2) [GK], B. No: 2013\/8503, 27\/10\/2015, \u00a7 56; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 59-61),<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130fadelerin genel yarara ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamuoyu ile di\u011fer ki\u015filerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 69; \u00c7etin Do\u011fan (2) [GK], B. No: 2014\/3494, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 62; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 56; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 66-73; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 32),<\/p>\n
iv. Kamuyu bilgilendirme de\u011feri, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve konunun g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Seray \u015eahiner \u00d6zkan [1. B.], B. No: 2016\/6439, 9\/6\/2021, \u00a7 44; \u0130brahim Okur (2)[1. B.], B. No: 2018\/12363, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 28),<\/p>\n
v. \u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Temel Co\u015fkun[1. B.], B. No: 2017\/1632, 29\/1\/2020, \u00a7 33; \u015eaban Sevin\u00e7 (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2016\/36777, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 42; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 39),<\/p>\n
vi. \u0130fadelerin hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi (Ali Suat Ertosun (2) [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/1592, 20\/5\/2015, \u00a7 33; H\u00fcseyin Kocab\u0131y\u0131k [1. B.], B. No: 2020\/15593, 22\/11\/2022, \u00a7 24),<\/p>\n
30. Anayasa Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurunun ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan kriterlerin derece mahkemelerince gerekti\u011fi gibi de\u011ferlendirilip de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fini denetler (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 44; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 56; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7\u00a7 58-66; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 66-73). \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki bu denetim, ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki haberlerin -yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flamdan kopar\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n- olay\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi i\u00e7inde incelenmesini gerektirir (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 52; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, \u00a7 45). Anayasa Mahkemesince ortaya konulan kriterleri kar\u015f\u0131layan de\u011ferlendirmelerin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun iddia etti\u011fi \u00fczere anayasal haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecektir.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130lkelerin Olaya Uygulanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
31. Somut olayda derece mahkemelerinin ba\u015fvurucunun \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 ile daval\u0131lar\u0131n bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurup kurmad\u0131klar\u0131 incelenmelidir. S\u00f6z konusu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131n\u0131n kimlikleri de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu h\u00e2kim olarak g\u00f6rev yapan bir ki\u015fiyken daval\u0131 bir medya organ\u0131d\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 7). D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve itibarlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, e\u011fer \u015f\u00f6hreti s\u00f6z konusu olan ki\u015fi kamu g\u00f6revlisi ise dengeleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu ki\u015finin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi kamu g\u00f6revi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r (B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 71; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran \u00a7 61).<\/p>\n
32. H\u00e2kimlerin mesleklerinin icras\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki -sebepsiz, mant\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve sald\u0131rgan olmayan- ele\u015ftirilere olay\u0131n somut ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re katlanmalar\u0131 beklenebilir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, adalet sisteminin d\u00fczg\u00fcn i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6rev yapan h\u00e2kim ve savc\u0131lar di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlileri gibi kamunun g\u00fcvenine sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bu sebeple adalet sisteminde g\u00f6rev alan h\u00e2kimler ve savc\u0131larla birlikte di\u011fer yarg\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 sebepsiz sald\u0131r\u0131lardan korumak devletin g\u00f6revlerindendir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130lhan Cihaner (3)[2. B.], B. No: 2013\/5298, 20\/5\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 26, 27).<\/p>\n
33. Bu ba\u011flamda eldeki ba\u015fvuru bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak de\u011ferlendirilirken ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken temel mesele yap\u0131lan haberin ba\u015fvurucunun \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda gazetecilik etik ilkeleri, gazetecilik mesle\u011finin \u00f6dev ve sorumluluklar\u0131 ile uyumlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun yarg\u0131sal denetimini yapan makamlar\u0131n verdikleri kararlar\u0131n devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmeye ve netice itibar\u0131yla -e\u011fer gerekliyse- ba\u015fvurucunun u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fi zarar\u0131 gidermeye elveri\u015fli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
34. Bak\u0131lan olayda, haber sitesinde “Oyuncu bozuntusundan ezana al\u00e7ak k\u00fcf\u00fcr” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan haberde U.A.K. hakk\u0131nda “oyuncu bozuntusu” olarak bahsedilmesinin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2kimlik taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015fimin engellenmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Akabinde ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan haberde ise a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rev yerine ve ismine yer verilerek U.A.K.nin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda di\u011fer haber sitelerine eri\u015fim engeli getirilmezken sadece Yeni Akit haberine eri\u015fim engeli getirildi\u011fi, bu suretle ezana k\u00fcfreden U.A.K.nin \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucunun haber sitesini sans\u00fcrleyerek bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7i\u011fnedi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
35. Haberin ba\u015fvurucuyu ilgilendiren k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki iddialar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu konusunda haberi yapan daval\u0131lar\u0131n yeterli ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, haberin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda gerekli \u00f6zeni g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi denetlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
36. Bir gazeteci mesle\u011finin etik ilkeleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, iyi niyetle topluma do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenilir bilgi sa\u011flama \u00f6dev ve sorumlulu\u011funu yerine getirmelidir. Daval\u0131lar ise haberin konusu itibar\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda kamu yarar\u0131 bulundu\u011funu, dava konusu haber i\u00e7eri\u011finin bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015f; bununla birlikte yay\u0131n\u0131n haber verme ve ele\u015ftiri hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ibaret oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
37. Ba\u015fvurucunun hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu haberin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olan olay daha \u00f6nce U.A.K. hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan habere ba\u015fvurucunun h\u00e2kim olarak eri\u015fim engeli karar\u0131 vermesidir. Ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6z konusu kararda talep edene y\u00f6nelik olarak “oyuncu bozuntusu” denilmesini ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu nedenle eri\u015fim engeline karar verdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 7). Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil etti\u011finde tart\u0131\u015fma bulunmayan bu hukuki yorumun yap\u0131lan ikinci haberde ele\u015ftiriye konu edilmesi ise elbette kural olarak bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvencesindedir. Nitekim haberde, s\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131ma ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan di\u011fer haberlere bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunulmazken sadece Yeni Akit haber sitesine eri\u015fim engeli getirilmesi okuyucuya duyurulmu\u015f ve bu durum bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan ayn\u0131 haberde U.A.K. hakk\u0131ndaki ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 sonucuna da yer verildi\u011fi, buna g\u00f6re ikinci haberin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada U.A.K.nin s\u00f6z konusu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda yeterli delil bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle verilen beraat karar\u0131ndan daval\u0131lar\u0131n haberdar oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte haberde bu karar\u0131n da daval\u0131 haber sitesince tatmin edici bulunmayarak ele\u015ftirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131labilmektedir (bkz. \u00a7 8). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla habere g\u00f6re U.A.K. hakk\u0131nda beraat karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f olsa da ba\u015fvurucunun verdi\u011fi eri\u015fim engeli karar\u0131, ezana hakaret eden biri lehine bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etmektedir. Bu durumda haberin yeterli olgusal temellere sahip oldu\u011fu, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle haberin bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dev ve sorumluluklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funun s\u00f6ylenemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan haklar aras\u0131ndaki dengeleme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan davan\u0131n di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131na e\u011filmek gerekir.<\/p>\n
38. Yarg\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin meseleler kamu yarar\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar alan\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede onun toplum i\u00e7in \u00f6zel g\u00f6revini hesaba katmak gerekir. Hukuk devletinin temel de\u011feri olan adaletin teminat\u0131 olarak yarg\u0131, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n g\u00fcvenine sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. H\u00e2kimlerin, adalet sisteminin i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez \u00f6nemi ile hem yarg\u0131lamalardaki di\u011fer dava s\u00fcjelerine hem de genel olarak halka g\u00fcven telkin etmesi gereken rolleri g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hakaret i\u00e7eren ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00f6zlerden korunmalar\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6zellikle h\u00e2kim ve savc\u0131lar\u0131n konumlar\u0131 gere\u011fi bunlara cevap verememesi de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu husus \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r (baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte bkz. Emin Ayd\u0131n (2) [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/3178, 25\/6\/2015, \u00a7 48; Morice\/Fransa [BD], B. No: 29369\/10, 23\/4\/2015, \u00a7 128). Bununla birlikte elbette yarg\u0131 makamlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki yorumlar\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 da demokratik bir toplumda ele\u015ftiriden b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle muaf de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
39. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun bir haber hakk\u0131nda h\u00e2kim s\u0131fat\u0131yla verdi\u011fi eri\u015fim engeli karar\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir habere konu olmas\u0131, bu do\u011frultuda ba\u015fvurucunun verdi\u011fi karar\u0131n ele\u015ftirilmesi bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde tabii bir durumdur. Haberin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun ezana hakaret eden bir payla\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok haber sitesi i\u00e7inden sadece Yeni Akit haber sitesine eri\u015fim engeli getirmesi, dava konusu haberde ayr\u0131mc\u0131 bulunmu\u015f ve bunun bas\u0131na sans\u00fcr oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ezana hakaret eden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 -her ne kadar yeterli delil elde edilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in hakk\u0131nda beraat karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f olsa da- U.A.K.nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden habere g\u00f6re; ba\u015fvurucunun payla\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131ndaki habere eri\u015fim engeli karar\u0131 vermesi, ezana yap\u0131lan hakareti “\u00f6d\u00fcllendirme” anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan haberde kullan\u0131lan dil her ne kadar kaba ve incitici bulunabilse de de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bu ifadelerin asgari olgusal temellere sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in olayda bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ifadelerin ba\u015fvurucuya hakaret boyutuna vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenememektedir. Ayr\u0131ca haberde ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131na ve g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkemeye a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n ise ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u015fvurucunun hedef g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
40. Sonu\u00e7 olarak dava konusu haberin genel yarara ili\u015fkin g\u00fcncel bir kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sundu\u011fu, haberdeki ifadelerin asgari temelden yoksun salt ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 mahiyetinde olmay\u0131p sert ele\u015ftiri kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu hususlar\u0131n Mahkeme karar\u0131nda ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7eyle ortaya konuldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla yukar\u0131daki de\u011ferlendirmelerin tamam\u0131 ve yarg\u0131 mercilerinin farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 dengelerken sahip olduklar\u0131 takdir paylar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Mahkemenin verdi\u011fi kararla ba\u015fvurucunun \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin ihlal edilmedi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
41. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ki\u015finin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmedi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k belgelerde ba\u015fvurucunun kimli\u011finin gizli tutulmas\u0131 talebinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
B. \u015eeref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korumas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde BIRAKILMASINA,<\/p>\n
E. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 27\/5\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 27\/5\/2025 tarihli ve 2023\/12699 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR \u00d6.K. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2023\/12699) Karar Tarihi: 27\/5\/2025 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K TALEB\u0130 KABUL Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN Muhterem \u0130NCE Raport\u00f6r : Yusuf KARABULAK Ba\u015fvurucu : \u00d6.K. Vekili : Av. An\u0131l ULU\u00c7 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, yap\u0131lan haber nedeniyle \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 13\/2\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinin idari y\u00f6nden yap\u0131lan \u00f6n incelemesinden sonra Komisyona sunulmu\u015ftur. 3. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131, ba\u015fvurular\u0131n kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 4. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 5. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve ekleri incelendi\u011finde olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir: 6. 15\/7\/2016 tarihinde darbe giri\u015fiminin oldu\u011fu vakitlerde Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca t\u00fcm camilerde ezan ve sela okunmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine tiyatro ve dizi oyuncusu olarak tan\u0131nan U.A.K.nin sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan 16\/7\/2016 tarihinde -daha sonra kendisinin yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fi- “Ya ezan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s…im \u015fu an \u00e7ok afedersiniz balkondan atlamama ramak kald\u0131” \u015feklinde bir payla\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu payla\u015f\u0131m ulusal bir\u00e7ok gazete ve haber sitesinde …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-142447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n