T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulu<\/p>\n
2019\/633 E., 2020\/151 K.<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
Karar\u0131 veren
\nYarg\u0131tay Dairesi : Ceza Genel Kurulu
\nMahkemesi :Ceza Dairesi
\nSay\u0131s\u0131 : 68-84<\/p>\n
Silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lama yapan Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesince 07.02.2019 tarih ve 13-7 say\u0131 ile; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n TCK’n\u0131n 314\/2, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1, TCK\u2019n\u0131n 53, 58\/9 ve 63. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca 10 y\u0131l 6 ay hapis cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, hak yoksunlu\u011funa, cezas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fckerrirlere \u00f6zg\u00fc infaz rejimine g\u00f6re \u00e7ektirilmesine ve mahsuba karar verilmi\u015ftir.
\nH\u00fckm\u00fcn san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisi taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201conama\u201d istemli 07.10.2019 tarihli ve 96010 say\u0131l\u0131 tebli\u011fnamesiyle Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen dosya, Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesince 28.10.2019 tarih ve 9563-6436 say\u0131 ile g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 ile tevdi edildi\u011fi Ceza Genel Kurulunca de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle karara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK M\u0130LLET\u0130 ADINA<\/p>\n
CEZA GENEL KURULU KARARI<\/p>\n
Temyiz incelemesi yapan Ceza Genel Kurulunca dosya incelenip g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
San\u0131k m\u00fcdafisinin duru\u015fmal\u0131 inceleme isteminin temyiz incelemesinin duru\u015fmal\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir bir neden g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden CMK’n\u0131n 299. maddesi uyar\u0131nca takdiren reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulunca yap\u0131lacak temyiz incelemesi; san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan kurulan mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn isabetli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin ise de; uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00f6nce bir k\u0131s\u0131m Ceza Genel Kurulu \u00dcyelerince, \u00d6zel Dairece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda heyetteki en k\u0131demli \u00fcye yerine k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyenin heyet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011finin ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine bu husus \u00f6ncelikle de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel Dairece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda heyetteki en k\u0131demli \u00fcye yerine k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyenin heyet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak;<\/p>\n
\u0130ncelenen dosya kapsam\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin 28.11.2017 tarihli ve 2017\/68 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun 175. maddesine g\u00f6re Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 21.11.2017 tarihli ve 56-56 say\u0131l\u0131 iddianamesinin kabul\u00fcne ve dosyan\u0131n ilk derece yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 esas defterine kay\u0131t edilerek san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda kovu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesince 18.01.2018, 25.04.2018, 26.06.2018, 24.10.2018, 15.01.2019 ve 28.03.2019 tarihlerinde ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yap\u0131lan duru\u015fmalardan sonra 28.05.2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lan oturumda nihai h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
18.01.2018 tarihli birinci, 25.04.2018 tarihli ikinci ve 26.06.2018 tarihli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc, duru\u015fmalar\u0131n 30617 sicil numaral\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyesi Maruf Alikano\u011flu ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki heyet taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu heyetlerde \u00fcye olarak g\u00f6rev yapan 29429 sicil numaral\u0131 Oktay Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n heyet ba\u015fkan\u0131ndan sicil numaras\u0131 itibar\u0131yla daha k\u0131demli oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
28.03.2019 tarihli alt\u0131nc\u0131 ve 28.05.2019 tarihli yedinci duru\u015fmalar\u0131n 38125 sicil numaral\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyesi Abdurrahman Orkun Da\u011f ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki heyet taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, alt\u0131 ve yedinci duru\u015fma heyetinde \u00fcye olarak g\u00f6rev yapan 29429 sicil numaral\u0131 Oktay Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n, yedinci duru\u015fma heyetinde \u00fcye olarak g\u00f6rev yapan 34413 sicil numaral\u0131 Durak \u00c7etin’in Yarg\u0131tay k\u0131demi itibar\u0131yla daha k\u0131demli oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
Anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa’n\u0131n “Yarg\u0131tay” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 154. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 “Yarg\u0131tay, adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 merciine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son inceleme merciidir. Kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara da ilk ve son derece mahkemesi olarak bakar.” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa’da yer alan bu d\u00fczenleme do\u011frultusunda haz\u0131rlan\u0131p 08.02.1983 tarihli ve 17953 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 1. maddesi “Yarg\u0131tay, adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 merciine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son inceleme mercii olup, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131 ile bu Kanun ve di\u011fer kanunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6rev yapan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir y\u00fcksek mahkemedir.” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Gerek Anayasa’n\u0131n 154 gerekse 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 1. maddelerine g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir y\u00fcksek mahkeme olan Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 ve genel g\u00f6revi, adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 mercisine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son inceleme mercisi olup bu bak\u0131mdan Yarg\u0131tay Dairelerinin ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lama yapmas\u0131 tali bir g\u00f6revdir.<\/p>\n
2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n g\u00f6revleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 13. maddesinin birinci bendinde yer alan “Adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 merciine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ilk ve son merci olarak inceleyip karara ba\u011flamak,” \u015feklindeki h\u00fck\u00fcm ile Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n temel g\u00f6revi tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci bendinde yer alan “Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyeleri ile Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekili ve \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131nda belirtilen kimseler aleyhindeki g\u00f6revden do\u011fan tazminat davalar\u0131na ve bunlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131na ait ceza davalar\u0131na ve kanunlarda g\u00f6sterilen di\u011fer davalara ilk ve son derece mahkemesi olarak bakmak,” \u015feklindeki h\u00fck\u00fcm ile de tali g\u00f6revi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 Kanun’un “Dairelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan; “Daireler heyet h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, heyet bir ba\u015fkan ve d\u00f6rt \u00fcyenin kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla toplan\u0131r. \u00dcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmas\u0131 halinde birden fazla heyet olu\u015fturulabilir. Bu durumda, olu\u015fturulan di\u011fer heyetlere, heyette yer alan en k\u0131demli \u00fcye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eder. Heyetler i\u015fi m\u00fczakere eder ve salt \u00e7o\u011funlukla karar verirler. M\u00fczakereler gizli cereyan eder.” \u015feklindeki h\u00fck\u00fcm gere\u011fince birden fazla heyet h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecek ve heyette yer alan en k\u0131demli \u00fcye heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edecektir.<\/p>\n
An\u0131lan Kanun’un “Daire Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 24. maddesi;<\/p>\n
“Daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1. Dairelerinde ahenkli, verimli ve d\u00fczenli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini ve i\u015flerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan s\u00fcratle incelenip karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, dairenin kendi kararlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla gerekli g\u00f6rece\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn tedbirleri almak, dosyalar\u0131 takrir edecek ki\u015fileri, bu esaslar uyar\u0131nca tespit etmek ve kendi yazmayaca\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n hangi \u00fcye taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belli etmek,<\/p>\n
2. Kararlar\u0131n zaman\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131p dosyalar\u0131n mahallerine iadesini sa\u011flamak,<\/p>\n
3. B\u00fcro g\u00f6revlilerini denetlemek,<\/p>\n
4. B\u00fcro personeli hakk\u0131nda ilgili kanunda belirtilen uyarma, k\u0131nama ve ayl\u0131ktan kesme disiplin cezalar\u0131n\u0131 vermek,<\/p>\n
5. Kanunlarla verilen di\u011fer g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmek.<\/p>\n
Daire ba\u015fkan\u0131na, gerekti\u011finde k\u0131demli \u00fcye vekillik eder.”,<\/p>\n
“Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyelerinin g\u00f6revleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 25. maddesi,<\/p>\n
“Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyelerinin g\u00f6revleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1. Kendilerine verilecek dosyalar\u0131 gerekli \u015fekilde ve zaman\u0131nda inceleyip kurula takrir etmek ve kararlar\u0131 yazmak,<\/p>\n
2. \u00dcyesi bulunduklar\u0131 kurullarda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere kat\u0131lmak ve oylar\u0131n\u0131 vermek,<\/p>\n
3. Dairenin ahenkli, verimli ve d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda ve i\u015flerin \u00e7abuklukla incelenip karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda ba\u015fkana yard\u0131m etmek.”,
\nYarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nin “Daire Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131na vekillik ve bu s\u0131fatla Genel Kurullara kat\u0131lma” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 10. maddesi ise;<\/p>\n
“Daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131na vekillik g\u00f6revini yapmak ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan birinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde k\u0131demli \u00fcye, genel kurullarda ve dairede ba\u015fkana vekillik eder.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
\u015eeklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.
\nBu a\u015famada, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da ya da CMK’da tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan, ancak dairelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usullerinde bahsi ge\u00e7en “k\u0131dem” kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’nde “bir g\u00f6revde ge\u00e7irilen s\u00fcre” olarak tan\u0131mlanan k\u0131dem kavram\u0131na, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un farkl\u0131 maddelerinde \u00f6nem atfedilmektedir. Bu c\u00fcmleden olarak, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un “Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n se\u00e7imi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 31. maddesinin on birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda birinci ba\u015fkanvekilleri ile daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131deminin tespitinde, Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeli\u011findeki k\u0131demin esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
K\u0131demle ilgili di\u011fer bir d\u00fczenleme de 2802 say\u0131l\u0131 H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kanunu’nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu Kanun’un “S\u0131n\u0131flar ve K\u0131dem” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinde;
\n“…
\nH\u00e2kim ve savc\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131demleri, bulunduklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f ve dereceye g\u00f6re belirlenir ve o s\u0131n\u0131f ve dereceye atand\u0131klar\u0131 tarihten itibaren hesaplan\u0131r. Bir \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f veya derecede bulunanlar alt s\u0131n\u0131f veya derecede bulunanlardan k\u0131demli say\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Ancak, bu hesaplama yap\u0131l\u0131rken, 9 uncu maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re adayl\u0131\u011fa di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlerinde iktisap ettikleri derece ve kademe \u00fczerinden atananlar\u0131n, bu derece ve kademeleri ile o g\u00f6revlerde ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreleri dikkate al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n
Bulunulan s\u0131n\u0131f ve derecenin ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde s\u0131ras\u0131yla, bu s\u0131n\u0131f veya dereceye y\u00fckselme tarihi, adayl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flama tarihi, mesle\u011fe ba\u015flama tarihi, meslek \u00f6ncesi e\u011fitim sonu yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131nav puan\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak k\u0131dem durumu belirlenir.<\/p>\n
Bunlar\u0131n da ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, do\u011fum tarihi \u00f6nce olan k\u0131demli say\u0131l\u0131r.” d\u00fczenlemesi yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu genel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, ilk derece mahkemelerince ve ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Yarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairelerince yarg\u0131lama yapan heyetin hangi kurallar do\u011frultusunda olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda ceza muhakemesine ili\u015fkin kurallar\u0131n ve bu s\u00fcrece kat\u0131lan ki\u015filerin hak, yetki ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu ile adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece mahkemeleri ile b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerinin kurulu\u015f, g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini d\u00fczenlemek amac\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Yarg\u0131 \u0130lk Derece Mahkemeleri ile B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Ceza mahkemelerinin kurulu\u015fu” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 9. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 “A\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinde bir ba\u015fkan ile yeteri kadar \u00fcye bulunur. Bu mahkeme bir ba\u015fkan ve iki \u00fcye ile toplan\u0131r.” ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “M\u00fczakerenin y\u00f6netimi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 228. maddesi “M\u00fczakereyi mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 y\u00f6netir.” \u015feklinde olup bu d\u00fczenlemelerde, adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131r bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda heyete hangi \u00fcyenin, hangi kritere g\u00f6re ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edece\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131k bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerince yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakerelere dair “Toplant\u0131 ve karar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 46. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan “Daire ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n hukuk\u00ee veya fiil\u00ee nedenlerle bulunamamas\u0131 halinde dairenin en k\u0131demli \u00fcyesi daireye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapar.” \u015feklindeki h\u00fckme nazaran 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yapaca\u011f\u0131 yarg\u0131lamalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece adalet komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerine ili\u015fkin 2802 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Zorunlu h\u00e2llerde g\u00f6revlendirme” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 115. maddesinde de; herhangi bir nedenle g\u00f6revine gelemeyen h\u00e2kimin yerine, bu h\u00e2kim g\u00f6revine ba\u015flay\u0131ncaya veya H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulunca yetkilendirme yap\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar, o yerdeki h\u00e2kimler aras\u0131ndan, adalet komisyonu ba\u015fkan\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirme yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nYine, mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 veya h\u00e2kimin duru\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6revlerine dair ilgili CMK h\u00fck\u00fcmleri incelendi\u011finde;<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n “Ba\u015fkan veya h\u00e2kimin g\u00f6revi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 192. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n veya h\u00e2kimin, duru\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00f6netece\u011fi ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorguya \u00e7ekece\u011fi, delillerin ikame edilmesini sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131; ayn\u0131 Kanun’un “Duru\u015fman\u0131n d\u00fczen ve disiplini” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan “h\u00e2kim veya ba\u015fkan\u0131n yetkisi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 203. maddesinde de, duru\u015fman\u0131n d\u00fczeninin h\u00e2kim veya mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Gelinen noktada, temyiz incelemesinde hukuka kesin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2lleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lan “mahkemenin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131” durumuna da de\u011finilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 289. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda temyiz dilek\u00e7esi veya beyan\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f olsa da, ayn\u0131 maddede say\u0131lan h\u00e2llerde hukuka kesin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2llerinin var say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtildikten sonra, ayn\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendinde, mahkemenin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 bu h\u00e2llerden ilki olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Belirtilen bu hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkemece yap\u0131lan oturumda mutlaka bulunmas\u0131 veya bulunmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen muhakeme s\u00fcjelerine ve bu s\u00fcjeler i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ko\u015fullar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na dair bir unsur olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, CMK’n\u0131n “Duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunacaklar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 188. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ilk c\u00fcmlesinde, h\u00fckme kat\u0131lacak h\u00e2kimler ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 ile zab\u0131t k\u00e2tibinin ve Kanun’un zorunlu m\u00fcdafili\u011fi kabul etti\u011fi h\u00e2llerde m\u00fcdafinin duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart oldu\u011fu h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda, maddede say\u0131lan ki\u015filerden birinin oturumda haz\u0131r bulunmadan karar verilmesi ya da haz\u0131r bulunmakla birlikte, yine \u00f6rne\u011fin m\u00fcdafi oldu\u011fundan bahisle haz\u0131r bulunan ki\u015finin ger\u00e7ekte avukat olmamas\u0131 gibi durumlarda bu hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan s\u00f6z edilecektir.<\/p>\n
Ancak, hem 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da daire ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, hem de CMK’da, HSK taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirme yap\u0131lan h\u00e2ller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131r bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapmakla g\u00f6revli heyete kimin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edece\u011fine, heyette yer alan h\u00e2kimler aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131dem s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131n heyet olu\u015fumuna etki edip etmeyece\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131k bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamakta olup adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece mahkemelerinde bu husus idari bir d\u00fczenleme kapsam\u0131nda adalet komisyonlar\u0131nca belirlenmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, ilk derece yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Yarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairesinde daire ba\u015fkan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan yarg\u0131lama heyetleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00fcyelerin k\u0131demlerinin heyet olu\u015fumuna herhangi bir etkisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla bu durum yaln\u0131zca CMK’n\u0131n 192 ve 203. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca duru\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00f6netecek ki\u015finin belirlenmesine y\u00f6nelik idari bir tasarruf niteli\u011findedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00fcyelik niteliklerini ta\u015f\u0131mak kayd\u0131yla, ilk derece yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ilgili ceza dairesi \u00fcyelerinin daire ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n olu\u015fturulacak heyete kimin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edece\u011fine, bu hususun tespitinde k\u0131demin esas al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair tasarruflar\u0131n CMK’n\u0131n 289. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hukuka kesin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2liyle bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, ki\u015filerin tabii h\u00e2kim ilkesine g\u00f6re kurulmu\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z bir mahkemede yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan 6. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ilkeleri ihl\u00e2l eden bir yan\u0131 da bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda inceleme konusu de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairesince ilk derece yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle CMK h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde, i\u015fin m\u00fczakeresinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 temyiz incelemesinden farkl\u0131 olarak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorguya \u00e7ekilmesi, tan\u0131k dinlenmesi, bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi yarg\u0131lama faaliyetinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alan heyetlerin olu\u015fumunda 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 40. maddesinin uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle, a\u00e7\u0131k bir Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmayan bu durumla ilgili olarak, daire ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131r bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 oturumlarda \u00fcyeler aras\u0131nda k\u0131dem esas\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin bir \u00fcyenin ba\u015fkan olarak duru\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00f6netmesinin usul ve yasaya uygun oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmayan Ceza Genel Kurulu \u00dcyesi …;
\n“\u00d6ncelikle somut olayda tabii h\u00e2kim ilkesi ve davaya bakmaya yetkili ve g\u00f6revli Yarg\u0131tay 9 Ceza Dairesinin, ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 40\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 itibar\u0131yla birden fazla heyet te\u015fkili ile davaya bakarak sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n hukuka uygun oldu\u011fu konusunda say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk ile aram\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r;<\/p>\n
Ancak,<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun ‘Dairelerin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. maddesinin ola\u011fan kanun yolu m\u00fczakeresini kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel dairelerin ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla kanuna uygun olarak bakaca\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer i\u015fleri de kapsayan genel bir d\u00fczenleme niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu, Yarg\u0131tayda ba\u015fkan\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyetlerde ola\u011fan uygulaman\u0131n, heyette yer alan en k\u0131demli \u00fcyenin heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmesi \u015feklinde oldu\u011fu nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Yarg\u0131tay Y\u00fcksek 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan an\u0131lan madde uygun olarak birden fazla olarak te\u015fkil edilen ve daire ba\u015fkan\u0131n yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyete, heyette yer alan en k\u0131demli Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmesi gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay Kanununun 40\/1 maddesi emredici h\u00fckm\u00fcne uyulmamas\u0131 ve bunun sonucu olarak ilk derece mahkemesi ara karar ve nihai karar m\u00fczakerelerinde Yarg\u0131tay k\u0131demi itibar\u0131yla k\u0131demsiz oldu\u011fu halde heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapan Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesinin k\u0131demli \u00fcyeden sonra oy kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n CMK’ n\u0131n 229\/1 maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi CMK n\u0131n 289\/1-a maddesinde belirtilen mahkemenin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmemesi kapsam\u0131nda m\u00fctalaa edilmesi gerekmedir.
\nSomut olayda temyiz dilek\u00e7e ve lahiy\u00e2lar\u0131nda \u0130lk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Yarg\u0131tay Y\u00fcksek 9. Ceza Dairesinde olu\u015fturulan ve daire ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyete en k\u0131demli yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmemesi nedenine ili\u015fkin do\u011frudan temyiz nedeni bulunmuyor ise de; an\u0131lan dilek\u00e7e ve lahiyalarda temyiz mercii taraf\u0131ndan yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen ba\u015fka bir usul ve maddi hukuka ili\u015fkin ge\u00e7erli temyiz nedenlerinin bulunmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kesin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k hali olan CMKn\u0131n 289\/1-a maddesinin an\u0131lan Kanun’un 289\/1 maddesi uyar\u0131nca dilek\u00e7e ve lahiyalarda yer almasa bile temyizen incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde oldu\u011fumdan, say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun 28.03.2019 ve 28.05.2019 tarihli duru\u015fma heyetlerinde yer alan en k\u0131demli Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesinin heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmemesinin CMK’ n\u0131n 289\/1-a kapsam\u0131nda bir hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.”,<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmayan Ceza Genel Kurulu \u00dcyesi …; “Somut davada, say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda, mahkeme heyetinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 40\/1 maddesine muhalefet edilmedi\u011fi, esasen muhalefet edilmi\u015f olsa bile bu durumun CMK’nun 289\/1-a bendinde d\u00fczenlenen ‘Mahkemenin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131’ h\u00e2lini olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve bu muhalefetin h\u00fckm\u00fcn esas\u0131na ve neticesine tesir etmi\u015f veya etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmu\u015f bir h\u00e2lde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kabul\u00fcnden sayg\u0131lar\u0131mla ayr\u0131l\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
San\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131nas\u0131nda;<\/p>\n
a-Mahkeme heyetinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 40\/1. maddesine muhalefet edilmedi\u011fine ili\u015fkin kabule ili\u015fkin olarak;<\/p>\n
1- 2709 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n ‘E. Mahkemelerin Kurulu\u015fu’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 142. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda ‘Mahkemelerin kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve yarg\u0131lama usulleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.’ h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verildikten sonra ‘B. Yarg\u0131tay’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 154. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kra son c\u00fcmlesinde ‘Kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara da ilk ve son derece mahkemesi olarak bakar.’ h\u00fckm\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.
\n2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun ‘Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n g\u00f6revleri’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 13\/2. maddesinde ‘Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyeleri ile Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekili ve \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131nda belirtilen kimseler aleyhindeki g\u00f6revden do\u011fan tazminat davalar\u0131na ve bunlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131na ait ceza davalar\u0131na ve kanunlarda g\u00f6sterilen di\u011fer davalara ilk ve son derece mahkemesi olarak bakmak,’ Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dairelerin g\u00f6revleri ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 14. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda; ‘Hukuk daireleri ile ceza daireleri kendi aralar\u0131nda i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc esas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.’ h\u00fckm\u00fc getirildikten sonra, 3. f\u0131rkas\u0131n\u0131n 2. bendinde ‘Temyiz davas\u0131na bakmakla g\u00f6revli olan daire, Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesi olarak bakmakla g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu davalar ile ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kanun yollar\u0131na ili\u015fkin davalara bakmakla da g\u00f6revlidir.’ h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n se\u00e7imi ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 31. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda; ‘Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu; Birinci Ba\u015fkan\u0131, birinci ba\u015fkanvekilleri ile daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndan, \u00fcye tamsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ile ve gizli oyla se\u00e7er.’,<\/p>\n
Dairelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda ‘Daireler heyet h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, heyet bir ba\u015fkan ve d\u00f6rt \u00fcyenin kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla toplan\u0131r. \u00dcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmas\u0131 halinde birden fazla heyet olu\u015fturulabilir. Bu durumda, olu\u015fturulan di\u011fer heyetlere, heyette yer alan en k\u0131demli \u00fcye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eder. Heyetler i\u015fi m\u00fczakere eder ve salt \u00e7o\u011funlukla karar verirler. M\u00fczakereler gizli cereyan eder.’,<\/p>\n
Daire Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 24. maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda ‘Daire ba\u015fkan\u0131na, gerekti\u011finde k\u0131demli \u00fcye vekillik eder.’ h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.
\nYarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin, eski Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesi olan ve g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u olmay\u0131p ki\u015fisel su\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi iddia olunan san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 icra etmekle g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu izahtan varestedir. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 genel kanun niteli\u011findeki 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fctecek, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu veya \u00f6zel kanunlarda \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6ncelikle bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Yarg\u0131 \u0130lk Derece Mahkemeleri \u0130le B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun ile kanun koyucu, adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece mahkemeleri ile b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerinin kurulu\u015f, g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa’n\u0131n 24\/2 ve 40. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm niteli\u011finde olup, tamamen farkl\u0131 bir alan\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n
2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanununun 40. maddesinde Dairelerin an\u0131lan Kanunun 14. maddesinde belirtilen g\u00f6revleri yerine getirirken nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar\u0131 ve heyetlerin olu\u015fumunda esas al\u0131nacak kurallar g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 40\/1. maddesinde Dairelerin, adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 merciine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son incelemesini yaparken uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul\u00fc ile kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile bakarken uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul\u00fc aras\u0131nda bir fark g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ve her iki h\u00e2li de kapsayacak \u015fekilde ‘Daireler heyet h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, heyet bir ba\u015fkan ve d\u00f6rt \u00fcyenin kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla toplan\u0131r.’ h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc getirmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay Dairelerinin kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile bakarken, mahkeme heyetinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda bu g\u00fcne kadar duraksamas\u0131z \u015fekilde Yarg\u0131tay Kanununun 40\/1. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulanm\u0131\u015f, ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile olu\u015fturulan heyetler an\u0131lan Kanunun 40\/1. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re bir ba\u015fkan ve d\u00f6rt \u00fcyeden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\nYarg\u0131tay Kanununun 40\/1. maddesi \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmas\u0131 h\u00e2inde birden fazla heyet olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n veren bir d\u00fczenleme getirmi\u015ftir. Kanun Dairede birden fazla heyet olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ba\u015fkan\u0131n kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyete, heyette yer alan en k\u0131demli \u00fcyenin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edece\u011fini h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanununun 40\/1. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc genel olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde \u015fu sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n
a- Daire, heyet h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b- Heyet bir ba\u015fkan ve d\u00f6rt \u00fcyenin kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c- Olu\u015fturulan ilk heyetin ba\u015fkan\u0131, Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
d- Daire \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde birden fazla heyet olu\u015fturulabilir.<\/p>\n
e- Olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ikinci heyetin ba\u015fkan\u0131, ikinci heyeti olu\u015fturan \u00fcyelerin en k\u0131demlisidir.<\/p>\n
Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanununun 24. maddesi ve ayn\u0131 Kanunun 40\/1. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn birlikte okunmas\u0131ndan, Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli g\u00f6revinin olu\u015fturulan 1. heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmak oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 40\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u00e7erisinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyete se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 ile kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hukuki ve fiili nedenlerle, ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu heyete kat\u0131lamamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revine kimin vekalet edece\u011fi hususu da yine Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daire Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 24. maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda “Daire ba\u015fkan\u0131na, gerekti\u011finde k\u0131demli \u00fcye vekillik eder.” h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.
\nAn\u0131lan h\u00fckm\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 57. maddesi uyar\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanan ve inceleme tarihi itibariyle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin de nazara al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
An\u0131lan Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 5-A f\u0131kras\u0131nda ‘G\u00f6revin vekaleten yerine getirilmesi i\u00e7in; s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6revin a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 veya as\u0131l g\u00f6revlinin izinli, \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc ya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri i\u00e7inde g\u00f6revli olarak ba\u015fka kurul yahut hizmetlerde bulunmas\u0131 gereklidir.’, 5-B f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise ‘K\u0131dem, Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyeli\u011fine ayn\u0131 tarihte se\u00e7ilenler i\u00e7in hakimlik, Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bu s\u0131n\u0131ftan say\u0131lan hizmetlerdeki k\u0131dem esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Bunda da e\u015fitlik halinde k\u0131dem ya\u015fa g\u00f6re belirlenir.’ h\u00fckm\u00fc getirildikten sonra 5-C f\u0131kras\u0131nda ‘\u00d6z\u00fcr; Kanunda g\u00f6sterilen veya daireye gelmemeyi hakl\u0131 k\u0131lan h\u00e2llerdir.’ h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 10. maddesinde; ‘Daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131na vekillik g\u00f6revini yapmak ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan birinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde k\u0131demli \u00fcye, genel kurullarda ve dairede ba\u015fkana vekillik eder.’ h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen kamu davas\u0131, Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2. heyet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve neticelendirilmi\u015ftir. 28.11.2017 tarihli iddianamenin kabul\u00fc karar\u0131 ve 04.12.2017 tarihli tenzip zabt\u0131nda Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131 heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmi\u015f ise de bu tarihten sonra yap\u0131lan 18.01.2018, 25.04.2018, 28.08.2018 ve 24.10.2018 tarihli oturumlarda heyete k\u0131demli \u00fcye Maruf Alikano\u011flu ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. 15\/01\/2019 tarihli duru\u015fmada heyet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Burhan Karalo\u011flu’dur.<\/p>\n
San\u0131k …’nin esas hakk\u0131ndaki savunmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve son s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi\u011fi, bu nedenle esasa etkili i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ku\u015fku bulunmayan 29.03.2018 ve 28.05.2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lan duru\u015fmaya 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Heyetin Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi heyet kabul edilmesi halinde Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc nazara al\u0131narak 9. Ceza Dairesinin en k\u0131demli \u00fcyesinin 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131na vekaleten duru\u015fmaya kat\u0131larak ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131, Heyetin Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmedi\u011fi 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 40\/1. maddesinin ikinci c\u00fcmlesi uyar\u0131nca olu\u015fturulan ikinci heyet kabul edilmesi h\u00e2linde ise heyeti olu\u015fturan en k\u0131demli \u00fcye s\u0131fat\u0131 ile hakim Durak \u00c7etin’in heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131 gerekirken, 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 veya heyetin en k\u0131demli \u00fcyesinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir heyet olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Yeni heyetin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24. maddesi uyar\u0131nca 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yetkisi bulunmakta ise de, olu\u015fturulan bu yeni heyete kimin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yetkisi dahilinde de\u011fildir. Zira, yeni olu\u015fturulan heyet e\u011fer 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyet kabul ediliyor ise bu durumda Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca 9. Ceza Dairesinin en k\u0131demli \u00fcyesinin heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapaca\u011f\u0131, yeni olu\u015fturulan heyetin 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci bir heyet oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde ise Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 40. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca heyeti olu\u015fturan \u00fcyelerin en k\u0131demlisinin heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131 gerekir. 29.03.2019 tarihli duru\u015fmada mahkeme heyetini olu\u015fturan \u00fcyelerin en k\u0131demlisi hakim Oktay Erdo\u011fan, 28.05.2019 tarihli duru\u015fmada ise mahkeme heyetini olu\u015fturan \u00fcyelerin en k\u0131demlisi H\u00e2kim Durak \u00c7etin’dir. Buna ra\u011fmen, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n esasa ili\u015fkin son savunmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, son s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn soruldu\u011fu ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn verilip k\u0131sa karar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 28.05.2019 tarihli duru\u015fmaya heyette g\u00f6revli k\u0131demsiz \u00dcye say\u0131n Abdurrahman Orkun Da\u011f ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu durum a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131na ve 40. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24\/son ve 41\/1. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 06.02.2019 ve 07.02.2019 tarihli duru\u015fmalara heyette g\u00f6revli k\u0131demsiz \u00fcye say\u0131n Abdurrahman Orkun Da\u011f’\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6revlendirmesi de yok h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n
Dikkat edilmesi gereken bir hususta, yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan heyetin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, heyete neden ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nin 5-A ve 5-C maddelerinde belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekilde bir belgenin dosya aras\u0131nda bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Heyet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nin 5-A maddesi uyar\u0131nca izinli, \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc ya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri i\u00e7inde g\u00f6revli olarak ba\u015fka kurul yahut hizmetlerde bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir belgenin dosya aras\u0131nda bulunmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda esasen en k\u0131demli \u00fcyenin veya heyeti olu\u015fturan \u00fcyelerin en k\u0131demlisinin heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131 an\u0131lan kanun ve y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
2- Say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 40\/1. maddesinde ki d\u00fczenlemenin ancak adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 merciine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son incelemesini yaparken uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul\u00fc oldu\u011fu, bu nedenle kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile bakarken uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle bir kabul T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n 142. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda ki ‘Mahkemelerin kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve yarg\u0131lama usulleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.’ h\u00fckm\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder ki kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Zira bu g\u00fcne kadar gerek Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Dairelerinde ve gerekse Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Dairelerinin ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamalarda ayr\u0131k bir kabul s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.
\nAncak, b\u00f6yle bir kabul h\u00e2linde dahi, di\u011fer yarg\u0131lama normu i\u00e7eren kanunlar\u0131m\u0131zda bu hususta k\u0131yas yolu ile uygulanabilecek bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununda bu hususta bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan, adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece mahkemelerince verilen kesin olmayan h\u00fck\u00fcm ve kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurular\u0131 inceleyip karara ba\u011flamak, adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece mahkemesi olarak yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi i\u00e7erisindeki adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece mahkemesi hakimleri aleyhinde Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanununa g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131lacak tazminat davalar\u0131na bakmak ve kanunlarla verilen di\u011fer g\u00f6revleri yapmak \u00fczere 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa ile kurulan B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemeleri, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin niteli\u011fi ba\u011flam\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile bakmak g\u00f6revine benzer bir g\u00f6revle g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir. Yine B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi, ilk derece mahkemesinin karar\u0131n\u0131 bozdu\u011funda, dosyay\u0131 ilk derece mahkemesine g\u00f6ndermeyip, duru\u015fma a\u00e7mak ve yarg\u0131lama yapmak suretiyle bizzat kendisi neticelendirmektedir. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri nazara al\u0131narak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde benzer \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n “Toplant\u0131 ve karar” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 46. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131nda “Daire ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n hukuki veya fiili nedenlerle bulunamamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde dairenin en k\u0131demli \u00fcyesi daireye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapar.” h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla, somut olay\u0131m\u0131zda k\u0131yas yolu ile 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 46\/3. maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131 ve 9. Ceza Dairesinin en k\u0131demli \u00fcyesinin 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 duru\u015fmaya heyet ba\u015fkan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 ile kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
3- Say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun, k\u0131yas yolu ile uygulanacak kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmesi h\u00e2linde ise, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 150 kurulu\u015f y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kutlayan Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n bu konuda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu uygulaman\u0131n esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir ki, bu da yukar\u0131da da izah edildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edemedi\u011fi durumlarda, en k\u0131demli \u00fcyenin heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmesidir.<\/p>\n
b)Esasen muhalefet edilmi\u015f olsa bile bu durumun, CMK’nun 289\/1-a bendinde d\u00fczenlenen “Mahkemenin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131” h\u00e2lini olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131, h\u00fckm\u00fcn esas\u0131na ve neticesine tesir etmi\u015f veya etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmu\u015f bir h\u00e2li olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 kabul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin olarak;<\/p>\n
Anayasan\u0131n “E. Mahkemelerin kurulu\u015fu” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 142. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda “Mahkemelerin kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve yarg\u0131lama usulleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Sibel \u0130nceo\u011flu, Adil Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Ba\u015fvuru El Kitaplar\u0131 Serisi-4 isimli kitab\u0131nda A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131na at\u0131f yaparak; ‘Yasayla kurulmu\u015f olma ibaresi, sadece mahkemenin kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yasal temelin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaz, yarg\u0131\u00e7lar i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f usuli g\u00fcvencelerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ile her davada mahkeme heyetinin kompozisyonu dahil mahkemelerin i\u015fleyi\u015fi ile ilgili kurallara uygun olmas\u0131n\u0131 kapsar.’ (sh: 72), “Yarg\u0131 sisteminin organizasyonuna ili\u015fkin kurallar yarg\u0131 otoritesinin takdirine de terk edilemez; mahkemelerin kendilerinin yetki ve g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kurallara uygun olarak hareket etmeleri beklenir. Fakat elbette i\u00e7 hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n yorumlama yetkisi \u00f6ncelikle ulusal mahkemelere aittir, ulusal mahkemelerin yorumu i\u00e7 hukukun a\u00e7\u0131k ihl\u00e2li olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e \u0130HAM bu yorumu tart\u0131\u015fma konusu yapmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.” (sh: 73), 2Bir dosyan\u0131n yarg\u0131ca havalesinde, y\u00f6ntemi yasayla belirlenmemi\u015f bir takdir kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bu durum tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tehlikeye sokar, siyasi veya di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerin mahkemenin veya yarg\u0131c\u0131n belirlenmesinde etkisi oldu\u011fu spek\u00fclasyonu yarat\u0131r. Her bir yarg\u0131\u00e7 veya mahkeme heyetinin \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 belirlilik ve \u015feffafl\u0131k ile yarg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in olmazsa olmazd\u0131r.’ (sh: 73-74) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini dile getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 142\/1. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne uygun olarak 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24\/2 ve 40\/1. maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile kanun koyucu, Yarg\u0131tay ilgili Dairesinin, kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile bakarken mahkeme heyetinin nas\u0131l te\u015fekk\u00fcl edece\u011fi, ka\u00e7 \u00fcyeden olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131, heyetinin ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fkan\u0131n kim olaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmler getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24\/2 ve 40\/1. maddelerine uygun olarak mahkeme heyeti olu\u015fturulsa idi, 29.03.2019 ve 28.05.2019 tarihlerinde yap\u0131lan duru\u015fmalarda 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 nedeniyle 9. Ceza Dairesinin en k\u0131demli \u00fcyesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile say\u0131n Maruf Alikono\u011flu mahkeme heyetine ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edecek ve bu durumda 9. Ceza Dairesi \u00fcyesi say\u0131n Abdurrahman Orkun Da\u011f veya k\u0131demsiz ba\u015fka bir \u00fcye heyette yer almayacakt\u0131. 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24\/2 ve 40\/1. maddelerine uyulmamas\u0131 mahkeme heyetini olu\u015fturan \u00fcyeleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu durum; ‘Her bir yarg\u0131\u00e7 veya mahkeme heyetinin \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 belirlilik ve \u015feffafl\u0131k ile yarg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in olmazsa olmazd\u0131r.’ ilkesinin ihlalidir.<\/p>\n
Kald\u0131 ki, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 229\/1. maddesinde ‘Mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131, k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyeden ba\u015flayarak oylar\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 toplar ve en sonra kendi oyunu verir.’ h\u00fckm\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Somut davada mahkeme heyetinin 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24\/2 ve 40\/1 maddelerine uygun olarak olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde 9. Ceza Dairesi \u00dcyesi say\u0131n Abdurrahman Orkun Da\u011f karar m\u00fczakeresine kat\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r. Say\u0131n Ceza Genel Kurulu \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun kabul\u00fc do\u011frultusunda, 9. Ceza Dairesi \u00dcyesi say\u0131n Abdurrahman Orkun Da\u011f’\u0131n mahkeme heyetinde g\u00f6revlendirilmesinin usulen do\u011fru oldu\u011fu kabul edilse dahi heyete kendisinden k\u0131demli \u00fcye bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131 nedeniyle CMK’n\u0131n yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan h\u00fckm\u00fcne muhalefet ederek oy kullanma s\u0131ras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Heyetin en k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyesi olarak m\u00fczakere s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilk oyu kullanmas\u0131 gerekirken, heyet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle t\u00fcm \u00fcyeler k\u0131dem s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re oy kulland\u0131ktan sonra en son kendisi oy kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu izahatlar do\u011frultusunda; somut davada mahkeme heyetinin 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24\/2 ve 40\/1. maddelerinin a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak belirlenmesi, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 289\/1-a bendinde d\u00fczenlenen ”Mahkemenin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131’ hukuka kesin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2lini te\u015fkil eder. Kald\u0131 ki bu durum, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckm\u00fcn esas\u0131na ve neticesine tesir eden bir h\u00e2ldir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da arz etti\u011fim nedenlerle; mahkeme heyetinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24\/2 ve 40\/1. maddelerine muhalefet edildi\u011fi, bu muhalefet nedeniyle mahkeme heyetinin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve bu muhalefetin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckm\u00fcn esas\u0131na ve neticesine tesir eden bir h\u00e2l oldu\u011fu kanaatinde oldu\u011fumdan ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131 ile Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne muhalifim”,<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmayan Ceza Genel Kurulu \u00dcyesi …; “\u00d6zel Dairece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda (esasl\u0131 i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 28.03.2019 tarihli alt\u0131nc\u0131 celse ile h\u00fckm\u00fcn verildi\u011fi 28.03.2019 g\u00fcnl\u00fc yedinci celsede) Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131 veya k\u0131demli \u00dcye yerine k\u0131demsiz \u00dcyenin yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmesi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle sonuca etkili usul hatas\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bozma nedeni yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki;
\n2797 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun ‘Daire Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri’, ‘Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n…nitelikleri’, ‘Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n Se\u00e7imi’ ve ‘Dairelerin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 24, 30, 31\/1 ve 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu; daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131 en az \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f kendi \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda, \u00fcye tam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ile ve gizli oyla se\u00e7er. Heyet bir ba\u015fkan ve d\u00f6rt \u00fcyenin kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla toplan\u0131r. Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131na, gerekti\u011finde k\u0131demli \u00fcye vekillik eder. \u00dcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde birden fazla heyet olu\u015fturulabilir. Bu durumda olu\u015fturulan di\u011fer heyetlere, heyette yer alan en k\u0131demli \u00fcye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eder. Bu d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re daire ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu’nun yetkisindedir, bir \u00fcyenin kendili\u011finde veya mevcut ba\u015fkan\u0131n g\u00f6revlendirmesi \u00fczerine ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131na yasal olanak yoktur. Yine ba\u015fkan\u0131n mazeretinin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde k\u0131demli \u00fcyenin vekillik etmesi ve \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcsait olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ikinci heyet olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 durumunda da k\u0131demli \u00fcyenin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ba\u015fkan vekilli\u011fi yapacak ve ikinci heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edecek \u00fcyenin k\u0131demli olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.
\nAn\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelere nazaran yasa koyucunun, daire ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve vekilli\u011fine ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi, belirli nitelikler arad\u0131\u011f\u0131, se\u00e7imini ve g\u00f6revlendirilmesini \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fi, idari kararlara veya takdire b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen yasal ve a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir bir neden yokken, Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulunca se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ba\u015fkan\u0131n veya k\u0131demli \u00fcyenin heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmemesi Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun a\u00e7\u0131k ve emredici d\u00fczenlemelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Konuyla yak\u0131ndan ilgili di\u011fer d\u00fczenleme CMK’n\u0131n ‘Oylar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131’ ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 229\/1. maddesidir. Bu madde ‘Mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131, k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyeden ba\u015flayarak oylar\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 toplar ve en sonra kendi oyunu verir’ h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin amac\u0131, k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyenin mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131ndan ve kendisinden k\u0131demli bulunan \u00fcyenin oyundan etkilenmemesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Hukuk e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6nemli tecr\u00fcbeye sahip h\u00e2kimlerin, ba\u015fkan\u0131n veya kendisinden k\u0131demli \u00fcyenin oyundan etkilenmesinin pratikte olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcm g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinemez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yasa koyucu bu bu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edip a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a oylama bi\u00e7imini belirlemi\u015f, heyete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n rastgele ve d\u00fczensiz oy kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Somut olayda se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ba\u015fkan veya k\u0131demli \u00fcye yerine, k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyenin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131 oylama s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirmekte ve an\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n oylama sonucuna etkisinin oldu\u011fu yasa koyucu taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015f, uygulay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n takdir ve de\u011ferlendirmesine b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle; \u00d6zel Dairece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda se\u00e7ilmi\u015f daire ba\u015fkan\u0131 veya k\u0131demli \u00fcye yerine, kabul edilebilir yasal bir neden yokken k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyenin yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmesinin 2797 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 24, 30, 31 ve 40. maddeleri ile 5271 Say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 229\/1. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonuca etkisinin bulundu\u011fu nazara al\u0131narak bozma nedeni yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde oldu\u011fumdan say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak edilememi\u015ftir.” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle,<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmayan bir Ceza Genel Kurulu \u00dcyesi ise; “\u00d6zel Dairece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda heyetteki en k\u0131demli \u00fcye yerine k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyenin heyet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu”,<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 oy kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6n sorun hakk\u0131nda karar verildikten sonra san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan verilen mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle incelenmesi i\u00e7in dosyan\u0131n esas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ncelenen dosya kapsam\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n
San\u0131k …\u2019nin; s\u0131ras\u0131yla Tarsus, Maz\u0131da\u011f\u0131, Arhavi, Karaman ve Adana Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131ktan sonra 24.02.2011 tarihinde Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyesi se\u00e7ildi\u011fi, 24.03.2011 ve 17.07.2016 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay 13. Ceza Dairesinde g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, 6723 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK ile Yarg\u0131tay Tetkik Hakimi olarak g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
15.07.2016 tarihinde FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe giri\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda \u00fclke genelinde darbe giri\u015fimiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ya da do\u011frudan darbe giri\u015fimiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmasa bile FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye genelinde soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li do\u011frultusunda ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 161. maddesinin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131na uygun olarak genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yaz\u0131lan 16.07.2016 tarihli yaz\u0131da; T\u00fcrkiye genelinde h\u00fck\u00fbmeti devirmeye ve Anayasal d\u00fczeni cebren ilgaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etmek su\u00e7unun halen i\u015flenmeye devam edildi\u011fi, bu su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyelerinin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7\u0131p saklanma ihtimallerinin bulundu\u011fu ve \u00fclke genelinde bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte mensup Yarg\u0131tay, Dan\u0131\u015ftay ve HSK \u00dcyeleri hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilerek aralar\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu listede adlar\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u00fcksek mahkeme \u00fcyelerinin g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmalar\u0131, ikametlerinde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma odalar\u0131nda ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda CMK’n\u0131n 116. maddesi uyar\u0131nca arama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 talimat\u0131 verildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 17.07.2016 tarihli ve 2016\/103566 soru\u015fturma say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile; san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun 17.07.2016 tarihli ve 244\/a say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla; aralar\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu baz\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00dcyelerinin g\u00f6reve devamlar\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturman\u0131n selameti ve yarg\u0131 erkinin n\u00fcfuz ve itibar\u0131na zarar verece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 18. maddesinin birinci, ikinci ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131 ile 46. maddesi gere\u011fince mevcut yetkilerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilerek Y\u00fcksek Disiplin Kuruluna sevk edildikleri,<\/p>\n
23.07.2016 tarihli ve 29779 say\u0131l\u0131 ikinci m\u00fckerrer Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6723 say\u0131l\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015ftay Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 15. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyeli\u011fi sona eren san\u0131\u011f\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Tetkik H\u00e2kimi olarak g\u00f6revlendirilmesinin ard\u0131ndan, HSK Genel Kurulunca 24.08.2016 tarih ve 426 say\u0131 ile; FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle iltisak ve irtibat\u0131n\u0131n sabit g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahisle meslekten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi,
\nAnkara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca, san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7unun su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flendi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilerek genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 161. maddesinin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131na uygun olarak ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen fezlekenin Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenen iddianame \u00fczerine san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istemiyle Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesine kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma ve Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesince yap\u0131lan kovu\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda elde edilen delillerin incelenmesinde;<\/p>\n
Ankara 3. Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011finin 20.06.2016 tarihli ve 3865 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u015f yerinde bulunan odas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan aramada ele ge\u00e7irilen Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ibaresi bulunan USB bellek ve 2 n\u00fcshadan olu\u015fan banka kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren dok\u00fcmana ili\u015fkin CMK\u2019n\u0131n 127. maddesi uyar\u0131nca el koyman\u0131n onanmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
Ankara 9. Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011finin 28.10.2016 tarihli ve 1615 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile san\u0131k …\u2019ye ait 05052174768 numaral\u0131 hatta ili\u015fkin 668 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019n\u0131n 3-\u0131-k ve CMK\u2019n\u0131n 135. Maddeleri uyar\u0131nca 01.01.2014-20.07.2016 tarihleri aras\u0131nda aranan, arayan numaralar, bu numaralara ili\u015fkin abonelik bilgileri, baz bilgilerinin belirlenmesi i\u00e7in ileti\u015fimin tespitine,<\/p>\n
Ankara 2. Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011finin 16.07.2016 tarihli ve 3939 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, san\u0131ktan ele ge\u00e7irilen dijital materyaller hakk\u0131nda CMK\u2019n\u0131n 134. maddesi gere\u011fince inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lara metin h\u00e2line getirilmesine izin verilmesine,<\/p>\n
Ankara 5. Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011fi\u2019nin 19.07.2016 tarih ve 3656 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla, yap\u0131lmakta olan soru\u015fturmaya esas olmak \u00fczere, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda CMK\u2019n\u0131n 116. maddesi uyar\u0131nca arama karar\u0131 ve aramay\u0131 yapacak personel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz olmas\u0131, \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durum nedeniyle san\u0131kla ilgili olarak t\u00fcm dijital materyallere (e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n GSM telefonlar\u0131 dahil) bu materyallerin m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7uval, delil po\u015feti, koli vb. e\u015fyalar\u0131n i\u00e7inde muhafaza alt\u0131na al\u0131narak el konulmas\u0131, bu muhafaza kaplar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmesi akabinde dijital materyallerin incelenmesi hususuyla ilgili olarak arama, el koyma ve inceleme i\u015flemlerinin karar tarihinden itibaren 20.07.2016 tarihine kadar uzat\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
Ankara 1. Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011finin 19.07.2016 tarihli ve 3779 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ikametinde yap\u0131lan aramada ele ge\u00e7irilen dijital materyallere y\u00f6nelik CMK\u2019n\u0131n 127. maddesi uyar\u0131nca el koyman\u0131n onanmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
Ankara 5. Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011finin 23.08.2017 tarihli ve 6572 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla, san\u0131k …\u2019nin cep telefonunda, bilgisayar\u0131nda, bilgisayara propgramlar\u0131nda ve k\u00fct\u00fcklerinde arama yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, kopya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na, bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek metin h\u00e2line getirilmesine, i\u015flemlerin tamamlanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine el konulan cihazlar\u0131n gecikme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n iade edilmesine CMK\u2019n\u0131n 134. maddesi uyar\u0131nca izin verilmesine, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilen telefonlar\u0131nda ve telefonuyla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme bilgileri, SMS alma, g\u00f6nderme bilgileri, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sosyal medya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla mesaj alma, g\u00f6nderme bilgilerine ili\u015fin olarak tespit yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 135. maddesi uyar\u0131nca izin verilmesine,<\/p>\n
Karar verildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
San\u0131k hakk\u0131na 18.07.2016 tarihinde ara\u00e7 arama tutana\u011f\u0131, ev arama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma ve el koyma tutana\u011f\u0131, 20.07.2016 tarihinde i\u015f yeri arama ve el koyma tutana\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Soru\u015fturma evresinde dosyaya sunulan Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve Organize Su\u00e7larla M\u00fccadele (KOM) Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenen 09.02.2017 tarihli \u201cYeni ByLock CBS Sorgu Sonucu\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporda; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n “3579….” IMEI numaral\u0131 cihazda “05052174768” numaral\u0131 GSM hatt\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve ByLock kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair ilk tespit tarihinin 24.08.2014 oldu\u011funun belirtildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
11.05.2017 tarihli Bylock Tespit Tutana\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n 129.862 sat\u0131rl\u0131k ByLock abone listesinin 19660. sat\u0131r\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, tespit edilen cihaza ait IMEI numaras\u0131n\u0131n; “3579…..9” ve tespit edilen ilk tarihin 24.08.2014 oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 18.09.20218 tarihli muhabere konulu yaz\u0131s\u0131yla dosyaya giren 07.05.2018 tarihli ByLock Tespit ve De\u011ferlendirme Tutana\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n
a) “154999\u201d ID’yi Kullanan Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda “Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Profil Bilgileri” alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; ID’nin \u201c154999\u201d, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201cyusufhakibaba\u201d, son online (sisteme giri\u015f) tarihinin: \u201c10.02.2015, saat 05:41:55\u201d oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
b) “154999\u201d ID’ye Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130statistik” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda; yaz\u0131\u015fma\/mail durumu \u201cAktif\/Pasif\u201d, giri\u015f say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cLog: 7\u201d, al\u0131nan mesaj say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: 0\u201d \u201cLog: 23\u201d, g\u00f6nderilen mesaj say\u0131s\u0131: \u201cVeri: 0\u201d \u201cLog: -\u201d, g\u00f6nderilen mail say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: 0\u201d \u201cLog: -\u201d, al\u0131nan mail say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: 0\u201d \u201cLog: 16\u201d, okunan mail say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: -\u201d \u201cLog: 4\u201d, silinen mail say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: -\u201d \u201cLog: -\u201d, toplam mail say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: 0\u201d \u201cLog: -\u201d, toplam g\u00f6nderilen mail say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: 0\u201d \u201cLog: -\u201d, toplam al\u0131nan mail say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: 0\u201d \u201cLog: -\u201d, ekledi\u011fi arkada\u015fa say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: -\u201d \u201cLog: -\u201d ve sildi\u011fi arkada\u015fa say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cVeri: -\u201d \u201cLog: -\u201d \u015feklinde oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
c) “154999\u201d \u201cID’yi Ekleyenlerin Verdikleri \u0130simler (Roster)” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, ismi belirlenemeyen \u201c64392\u201d ID numaral\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131, “Mehmet … Y\u00f6nder (123012 \u2013 Hakim Savc\u0131, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131)”, “Do\u011fan \u015eahin (92087 \u2013 Hakim Savc\u0131 \u2013 Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Personel)”, “…. (59919 \u2013 Hakim \u2013 Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131)”, “….. (183140 \u2013 Hakim Savc\u0131 \u2013 Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131)” taraf\u0131ndan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ByLock\u2019a eklendi\u011fi ve ismi belirlenemeyen \u201c64392\u201d ID numaral\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa verdi\u011fi ad\u0131n (nick name) ” Haluk_b” oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
d) “154999\u201d \u201cID’yi Eklediklerine Verdikleri \u0130simler (Roster)” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, ismi belirlenemeyen \u201c64392\u201d ID numaral\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 alt\u0131nda “rcm4343, can\u0131m”, ….. “123012” alt\u0131nda “y\u00f6nder”, Do\u011fan \u015eahin “92087 \u2013 Hakim Savc\u0131 \u2013 Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Personel”, ….. “59919”, alt\u0131nda “…z”, ismi belirlenemeyen \u201c183149\u201d ID numaras\u0131 alt\u0131nda “resu a, re , res” yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan eklendi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
e) “154999\u201d \u201cID\u2019nin Kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Gruplar ve Gruplar\u0131n Ki\u015fi Listesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0131nda toplam 1 grup oldu\u011fu, grubu “64932” ID numaral\u0131 ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu oldu\u011fu, Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00fcyeleri \u201c91271\u201d ID numaral\u0131 ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 …., \u201c93840\u201d ID numaral\u0131 ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Dursun Alt\u0131n\u00f6z, \u201c123012\u201d ID numaral\u0131 ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 …., \u201c135256\u201d ID numaral\u0131 ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u0130dris Asan, \u201c137877\u201d ID numaral\u0131 ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Mustafa Simavl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da ekli bulundu\u011fu ByLock grubunda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
San\u0131\u011f\u0131n, babas\u0131n\u0131n isiminin…. oldu\u011fu, bu bilgiye uygun olarak \u201c154999\u201d ID numaral\u0131 ByLock hesab\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131n “yusufhakikibaba” olarak olu\u015fturuldu\u011funun de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi, \u201c154999\u201d ID numaral\u0131 ByLock hesab\u0131na di\u011fer ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilen “… b” isminin, Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca g\u00f6nderilen Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi’nin 12.03.2018 tarihli ve (104888)-2016\/282\/03\/12-01 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile \u201c154999\u201d ID numaral\u0131 ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131k … oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin tespitiyle benzerlik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Bilgi Teknolojileri ve \u0130leti\u015fim Kurumunun 23.02.2018 tarihli ve 842313 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131na ekli CD i\u00e7eri\u011fi ile HTS ve CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n
– 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 ve 22 nolu ba\u011flant\u0131 verilerine ili\u015fkin CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n 30.08.2014 ve 31.08.2014 tarihlerinde Aksaray ilinde,<\/p>\n
– 45 nolu ba\u011flant\u0131 verilerine ili\u015fkin CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n 26.09.2014 tarihinde Adana ilinde,<\/p>\n
– 54, 55, 56, 57 ve 58 nolu ba\u011flant\u0131 verilerine ili\u015fkin CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n 30.09.2014 ve 01.10.2014 tarihlerinde Adana ilinde,<\/p>\n
– 61, 62, 63, 64 ve 65 nolu ba\u011flant\u0131 verilerine ili\u015fkin CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n 03.10.2014, 04.10.2014 ve 05.10.2014 tarihlerinde Aksaray ilinde,<\/p>\n
– 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 ve 72 nolu nolu ba\u011flant\u0131 verilerine ili\u015fkin CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n 05.10.2014 ve 06.10.2014 tarihlerinde Mersin ilinde bulundu\u011funun,<\/p>\n
di\u011fer tarihlerde ise Ankara ilinde oldu\u011fu, GPRS ve HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda yer alan baz bilgilerinin zaman ve yer itibariyle birbiriyle uyumlu oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
– 505 ..768 numaral\u0131 GSM hatt\u0131na ait internet HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, 24.08.2014 ile 20.10.2014 tarihleri aras\u0131nda “46.166.160.137” ve “46.166.164.177” numaral\u0131 IP’ler \u00fczerinden Ankara, Aksaray, Adana ve Mersin’de bulunan baz istasyonlar\u0131ndan toplam 8188 sinyal kayd\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, ba\u011flant\u0131 saatleri itibariyle servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan atanan genel ve \u00f6zel IP numaralar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak e\u015fle\u015ftirme ve grupland\u0131rma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplam 93 farkl\u0131 zaman diliminde ByLock isimli programa eri\u015fim sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 3 giri\u015f denemesinin ise kullan\u0131c\u0131 hatas\u0131 veya teknik bir nedenden dolay\u0131 (hatal\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 veya \u015fifre girilmesi, program\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce IP de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye yarayan programlar\u0131n aktive edilmemesi, internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 gibi herhangi bir nedenle server\u2019a eri\u015fim sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 vb. ) ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ByLock program\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 30.10.2018 tarihli ve 2087 muhabere numaral\u0131 yaz\u0131 ekinde dosya aras\u0131na konulan yaz\u0131 cevab\u0131nda; ses ve veri \u015febekelerinin benzerlik g\u00f6sterseler dahi kulland\u0131klar\u0131 teknolojiler farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan CDR ve CGNAT loglar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulma s\u00fcrecinin de birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve farkl\u0131 olmalar\u0131 sebebiyle CDR ve CGNAT loglar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunan lokasyon bilgilerinin farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n teknik anlamda bir problem olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 04.10.2018 tarihli ve 1900 muhabere numaral\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131yla dosyaya giren ba\u015fka ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n
– \u201c59344\u201d ID (Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00fcyesi) ile \u201c464688\u201d ID aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en “2015.11.12, 00:05 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ve saatli” mesaj\u0131n; “Yaya giri\u015fleri de akbille a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. A101 taraf\u0131ndaki yaya kap\u0131s\u0131 en i\u015flek olan\u0131d\u0131r san\u0131r\u0131m. Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle biraz bekleyince bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7an gelir umar\u0131m.”<\/p>\n
– \u201c59344\u201d ID (Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00fcyesi) ile \u201c464688\u201d ID aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en “2015.11.27, 19:21 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ve saatli” mesaj\u0131n; “Bu hafta sonu prg m\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapabilir misiniz “<\/p>\n
– \u201c59344\u201d ID (Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00fcyesi) ile \u201c464688 ID\u201d aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en “2015.11.29, 17:00 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ve saatli mesaj”; “ahmet abinin turkuaz\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131 abi, daha \u00f6nce eklemi\u015ftim ama abi sildi\u011fi i\u00e7in benden de silinmi\u015f. \u015fimdi yeniden ekledi ama bende g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor”<\/p>\n
– “59344” ID (Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00fcyesi) ile “46468”8 ID aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en “2016.01.11, 00:58 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ve saatli” mesaj\u0131n; “Hlk beyin tabletine twitr \u0131 kurabilir misiniz…”<\/p>\n
– \u201c464688\u201d ID ile \u201c59344\u201d ID (Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00fcyesi) aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en “2016.01.11, 21:27 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ve saatli” mesaj\u0131n; ” abi bug\u00fcn hallettik in\u015faallah. ayr\u0131ca eagl e da kuruluydu, bundan da no alal\u0131m dedi, ona da no ald\u0131k “<\/p>\n
– \u201c464688\u201d ID ile \u201c59344\u201d ID (Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00fcyesi) aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en “2016.01.11, 21:28 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ve saatli” mesaj\u0131n; “twiti kurunca tango twite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc abi, ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in.” \u015feklinde oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
Mali Su\u00e7lar Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n 17.05.2018 tarihli ve 16-01\/87 say\u0131l\u0131 raporuna g\u00f6re; san\u0131k …\u2019nin 04.02.2015 tarihinde Asya Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e. nezdinde hesap a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 tarihte Vak\u0131fbank’tan 65.000 TL kredi \u00e7ekti\u011fi; Asya Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e. nezdinde a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaba 64.250 TL EFT g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ve 250 TL nakit yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131. 64.500 TL tutar\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi, bu i\u015flemin ekonomik mahiyetinin anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 21.04.2015 tarihinde kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131nda bulunan tutar\u0131 USD’ye \u00e7evirdi\u011fi ve 21.05.2015 tarihinde 24.132,40 USD’lik kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, 02.07.2015 tarihinde 50.000 TL nakit yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, 07.07.2015 tarihinde 45.000 TL tutar\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
S\u00fcleyman Kurt ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 2549769 hesap numaral\u0131 Bank Asya hesab\u0131nda 10.07.2010 tarihi ile 16.01.2015 tarihi aras\u0131nda 286 i\u015flem yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 70.705,46 TL art\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, hesab\u0131n aktif olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, hesap sahibinin hesab\u0131 kapatmas\u0131ndan sonra, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n 04.02.2015 tarihinde kendi ad\u0131na Bank Asya’da hesap a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Telekom M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 17.02.2018 tarihli ve E.467203 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131 cevab\u0131nda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n aktif veya pasif Tivibu aboneli\u011finin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fka dosyada hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lan S\u00fcleyman Kurt \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131yla Silifke Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 24.08.2016 tarihinde al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda; Bank Asya da 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda faizsiz bankac\u0131l\u0131k olmas\u0131 nedeniyle hesap a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra bu hesaptan ya da bankadan hi\u00e7 bir i\u015flem yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Bank Asya hesab\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131ktan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 ay sonra bankamatik kart\u0131m\u0131 eni\u015ftesi olan san\u0131\u011fa verdi\u011fini, o tarihten bu yana bu hesab\u0131n\u0131 eni\u015ftem san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu bankan\u0131n Fet\u00f6 silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne finansal yard\u0131m sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finden 9-10 ay \u00f6nce m\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetlerini telefonla arayarak kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bazen internet \u00fczerinden i\u015flem yaparken internet \u015fifresi kendisine geldi\u011fini,telefonla san\u0131\u011f\u0131 arayarak \u015fifreyi s\u00f6yledi\u011fin, zaten bankamatik kart\u0131n\u0131 da san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendi ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 hesap hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin nerden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, para yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa nerden yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ekilmi\u015fse nerden \u00e7ekildi\u011fine dair hesap hareketlerinin banka taraf\u0131ndan kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, bunlar incelendi\u011finde kendisinin yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131k … kendisi hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda savc\u0131l\u0131kta al\u0131nan ifadesinde; HSK \u00dcyesi se\u00e7ildikten sonra bir ak\u015fam HSK eski Genel Sekreteri…’n\u0131n kendilerini evine \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, …..’n\u0131n evine … ve …’yle birlikte gittiklerini, yemekten sonra Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyelerinin se\u00e7imiyle ilgili \u00f6n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmak amac\u0131yla bu eve gittiklerini \u00f6nceden bildi\u011fini, gittiklerinde HSK eski \u00dcyeleri …, …, …, …, …, …, …, …..’yla birlikte HSK eski Genel Sekreter Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 … ile …ve o d\u00f6nemde Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 olan… ile Yarg\u0131tay Tetkik H\u00e2kimleri olan… ve …’nin de evde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, kendileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay’dan da bu ki\u015filerin gelmesinden ho\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu hususu dile getirdi\u011finde oradakilerin Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131 en iyi bu ki\u015filerin bildi\u011fini, bu nedenle Yarg\u0131tay’dan se\u00e7ecekleri ki\u015filer i\u00e7in bilgi vermeleri amac\u0131yla \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdiklerini, yemekten sonra eve projekt\u00f6r kuruldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, Mehmet Kaya’n\u0131n kendisine “arkada\u015flar 350-400 isim belirlemi\u015fler” dedi\u011fini, bu isimlerin Kurul \u00dcyelerinin belirledi\u011fi isimler oldu\u011funu zannetti\u011fini, ama ilerleyen a\u015famada Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 isimler oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, konu\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda …..\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyelerinin Yarg\u0131tay’da meydana getirdi\u011fi yap\u0131y\u0131 k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir se\u00e7im yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu se\u00e7im nedeniyle se\u00e7ilecek ki\u015filerin birlikte hareket etmesi gerekti\u011finden bahisle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse se\u00e7ilecek 160 ki\u015finin kendi belirledikleri ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesini s\u00f6ylediklerini, ancak onlara bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer Kurul \u00dcyeleriyle birlikte Bakan ve M\u00fcste\u015far ile kendilerinin de taleplerinin olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttiklerini, hatta “burada belirlenecek isimleri saymayal\u0131m, bu nedenle say\u0131 pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmayal\u0131m” dedi\u011fini, evde bulunan d\u00f6nemin HSK \u00fcyeleri …, …, …, …, …, …, … ve ……’nun Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensubu olduklar\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6nemin Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131… ile Tetkik H\u00e2kimleri… ve …’nin de o g\u00fcnk\u00fc sunum ve tav\u0131rlar\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 cemaatin mensubu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haz\u0131rlanan isimler aras\u0131nda k\u00fcrs\u00fcde g\u00f6rev yapan h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131yla birlikte, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay’da g\u00f6rev yapan Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131lar\u0131 ile Tetkik H\u00e2kimleri olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu isimler duvara yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, istedikleri ki\u015filer konusunda yo\u011fun bir \u00f6vg\u00fc geldi\u011fini, istemedikleri ki\u015filer i\u00e7in de herhangi bir \u00f6vg\u00fcden s\u00f6z edilmedi\u011fini, sadece bir ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin bu ki\u015filer i\u00e7in konu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131, bu yans\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda se\u00e7ilmelerini istedikleri ve \u00f6vd\u00fckleri ki\u015filerin Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensubu h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131lar\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm listenin bu ki\u015filerden olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak se\u00e7ilmesini istediklerinin kendi cemaatlerinden olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, isim belirlemede Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensubu oldu\u011funu belirtti\u011fi Kurul \u00dcyelerinin de s\u00fcrece dahil olup onlar\u0131n da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini belirttiklerini, isimler belirlendikten sonra Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensubu olan \u00fcyelerin, bu isimlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek istediklerini, ancak onlara say\u0131 konu\u015fulmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyip “bu nereden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131?” diye sordu\u011funu, belirlenen isimleri say\u0131nca rakam\u0131n 80 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, bu s\u0131rada … ile birlikte … ve…’n\u0131n salonun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bir ka\u00e7 dakika sonra geri geldiklerini, …’nun orada bulunan ki\u015filere hitaben “Bu konu hoca efendiyle konu\u015fulmu\u015f ve 140 denmi\u015f, benim a\u00e7\u0131mdan konu kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu listede en az 140 ki\u015fi olacak” diye s\u00f6z sarf etti\u011fini, bu toplant\u0131n\u0131n ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc …, … ve kendisinin, M\u00fcste\u015far…’la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in Hakimevi’ne gidip ona durumu anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin sonunda M\u00fcste\u015far\u0131n gidip uzla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, bunun \u00fczerine yeniden g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, iki kez daha ayn\u0131 \u00fcyelerle Hakimevi\u2019nde ve …’nin evinde topland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, …’nin evindeki toplant\u0131ya Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensuplar\u0131 olan d\u00f6nemin HSK \u00dcyeleri …, …, …, …, …, …, …, … ile birlikte … ve kendisinin de kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, o d\u00f6nemde HSK Genel Sekreteri olan… ile Genel Sekreter Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 olan … ve …ile Yarg\u0131tay’dan gelen…, …, …ve …’nin de oldu\u011funu, bu evde toplanmalar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n; Yarg\u0131tay’a se\u00e7ilecek Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerinin belirlenmesi oldu\u011funu, buradaki toplant\u0131da 140 say\u0131s\u0131 konusunda diretilmedi\u011fini, ancak en az 120 ki\u015fi olmas\u0131n\u0131n istendi\u011fini, daha \u00f6nce belirledikleri 80’e yak\u0131n isim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda baz\u0131 isimlerin de dile getirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, se\u00e7ilmeleri h\u00e2linde ya\u015fanacak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 dile getirdi\u011fini, buna ra\u011fmen bu ki\u015filerde \u0131srar edilerek isimlerin listeye yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n istenildi\u011fini, bu konu\u015fmalardan sonra kendilerinin ve y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 \u00fcyeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kurul \u00dcyelerince verilen isimlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesini istedi\u011fini, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme esnas\u0131nda baz\u0131 isimlere Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensuplar\u0131nca itirazlar gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu ki\u015fileri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc se\u00e7imde \u00e7ok \u0131srar etti\u011fi i\u00e7in se\u00e7tirebildi\u011fini, kendilerinin de belirledikleri isimlerle say\u0131n\u0131n 180’in \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu say\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n kendi say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 108’e kadar indirdiklerini, ard\u0131ndan kendilerinin de belli bir say\u0131ya kadar indiklerini, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fan HSYK’n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay ve Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk se\u00e7imde Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaat mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n istedikleri isimlerin se\u00e7ilmelerini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131k taraf\u0131nda beyan edilmesi \u00fczerine soruldu\u011funda, san\u0131k …\u2019nin Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaat mensuplar\u0131 listesinden Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi\u011fini,<\/p>\n
San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen davada … tan\u0131k olarak al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda; yanl\u0131\u015f hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorsa san\u0131\u011f\u0131n Adana’dan se\u00e7ildi\u011fini, san\u0131\u011f\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Yarg\u0131tay se\u00e7imleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda cemaat mensubu arkada\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nerdikleri isimlerden bir tanesi olarak hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ama somut olarak bir bilgiye sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendisini tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fctle herhangi bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r yok mudur? o konuda bir bilgi sahibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyeli\u011fi i\u00e7in sicili, k\u0131demi, terfileri uygun olabilir diye konu\u015fulan isimlerden bir tanesi olarak hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Fetullah\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 listede olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki soru \u00fczerine, 80 ki\u015filik listeye girip girmedi\u011fini net hat\u0131rlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 350 ki\u015filik listenin i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakim evinde d\u00fczenlenen yemeklere davet etmediklerini, gerek Yarg\u0131taydan gelen arkada\u015flar\u0131n genel olarak isimler \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme gerekse kendilerinin se\u00e7ilme \u015fekillerine ili\u015fkin bilgileri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde cemaatle irtibat\u0131 olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri isimleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131k … Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131k olarak verdi\u011fi ifadesinde; ifade tarihi itibar\u0131yla Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00fcksek M\u00fc\u015faviri ve Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda HSK \u00dcyesi se\u00e7ildi\u011fini ve bir y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131ktan sonra Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Yarg\u0131tay ve Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u00dcyeli\u011fi se\u00e7imlerinin bir pazarl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi nedeniyle daha \u00f6nce tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7ok cemaat mensubunu da bu vesileyle \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f oldu\u011funu, san\u0131k …\u2019yi FET\u00d6\/PDY ile irtibatl\u0131 bu yap\u0131ya mensup ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r,<\/p>\n
San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen davada … tan\u0131k olarak al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda; 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeli\u011fi se\u00e7imlerinden \u00f6nce o tarihte HSYK Genel Sekreteri…\u2019n\u0131n evinde topland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, toplant\u0131da 8 tane yap\u0131 mensubu ile … ve …\u2019nin de bulundu\u011funu, o toplant\u0131da yap\u0131 mensuplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan san\u0131k …\u2019nin isminin g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011fini ve se\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in \u0131srar edildi\u011fini, yap\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7im sonras\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay\u2019da organize hareket etmek suretiyle se\u00e7im ve y\u00f6netim i\u015flerinde etkili olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu durumun rahats\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011funu, \u015fik\u00e2yetler gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, birbirini iyi tan\u0131yan ve organize hareket eden bu yap\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ya mensup olmayan \u00fcyeleri bir araya getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu \u015fekilde bir toplant\u0131 yapma karar\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u201ckimleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabiliriz\u201d diye Yarg\u0131tay listesini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdiklerini, … hakk\u0131nda \u201cyap\u0131yla birlikte hareket ediyor\u201d \u015feklinde bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisini bu toplant\u0131lara \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131k … kendisi hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda savc\u0131l\u0131kta al\u0131nan ifadesinde; 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyesi, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Yarg\u0131tay kontenjan\u0131ndan HSK \u00dcyesi olarak se\u00e7ildi\u011fini ve 15.07.2016 tarihine kadar bu g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan HSK \u00dcyeli\u011fi se\u00e7imlerinde aday olmas\u0131n\u0131 …’nin istedi\u011fini, isteyen ki\u015finin o olmas\u0131 sebebiyle cemaatin kendisini aday olarak belirledi\u011fini anlay\u0131p aday oldu\u011funu, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019da \u00fcye olan cemaat mensubu oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fi, zannetti\u011fi baz\u0131 isimleri belirtmek istedi\u011fini, bu kapsamda san\u0131k …\u2019nin Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati mensubu oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fini,<\/p>\n
San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen davada … tan\u0131k olarak al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda internette yay\u0131nlanan listede bu ki\u015finin ismini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra yap\u0131ya mensup oldu\u011funun s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda HSYK \u00fcyeli\u011fi se\u00e7imlerine girdi\u011finde de …\u2019nin yap\u0131ya m\u00fcdavim ve yap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011funun ve kendisine oy verebilecek ki\u015filerden oldu\u011funun s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini, se\u00e7imler d\u00f6nemindeki tarz\u0131 itibar\u0131yla kendisine oy veren ki\u015filer i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecindeki konu\u015fmalardaki kendisine verilen bilgilerden …\u2019nin yap\u0131 mensubu oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fini,
\nTan\u0131k … a\u015famalarda; Ankara Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesini bitirdikten sonra y\u00fcksek lisansa da ba\u015fvurdu\u011funu, Konya merkezde tek ba\u015f\u0131ma bir ev tuttu\u011funu, daha sonra okuldan da arkada\u015f\u0131 olan ve Konya’da y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131 kazanan…\u2019n\u0131n kendisine birlikte kalal\u0131m diye teklif etti\u011fini, bu teklifini kabul edince hakim adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da Konya’ya ald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesi olan…’n\u0131n eve gelene kadar Fetullah G\u00fclen cemaati i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fini, birlikte kalmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca…\u2019n\u0131n kendisine bu cemaatin i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, hatta kald\u0131klar\u0131 eve ba\u015fka arkada\u015flar da gelsin gitsinler dedi\u011fini, kendisi bu olaya s\u0131cak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, o d\u00f6nemde Konya’da hakimlik staj\u0131 yapan bir \u00e7ok arkada\u015f\u0131n bu eve geldi\u011fini, eve gidip gelmelerde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Fetullah G\u00fclen mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sohbet toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 1991 tarihinde Ankara’da e\u011fitim merkezine geldi\u011fini, Mesut Kundak\u00e7\u0131’da e\u011fitim merkezine gelince eve bilahare Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesi olan o d\u00f6nem hakim aday\u0131 … geldi\u011fini, d\u00f6rt ay boyunca kira \u00f6dememek i\u00e7in evi o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in ….’e devrettiklerini, Ankara’da e\u011fitim merkezinde kalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hafta sonlar\u0131 bazen Konya’ya gitti\u011fini, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fini, gitti\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerde bu evin bir cemaat evine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak ses \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu evde …’in d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bilahare Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesi olan o d\u00f6nem hakim aday\u0131 san\u0131k … Baydillinin de kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kendisinin \u00fczerine oldu\u011funu, bilahare gidip bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetti\u011fini, evin kiras\u0131 da y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in … ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n da ba\u015fka bir eve ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, e\u011fitim merkezinin ilk d\u00f6rt ay\u0131 i\u00e7in Ankara’ya gelince e\u011fitim merkezinin yurdunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131k … kendisi hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131yla ve san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen davada tan\u0131k olarak al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 HSYK se\u00e7imleri sonras\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay’a yeni \u00fcye se\u00e7ilmesi konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcye se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde Gaziantep, Diyarbak\u0131r, Kahramanmara\u015f, Osmaniye, Hatay, Adana ve Mersin illerinde g\u00f6rev yapan Yarg\u0131taya se\u00e7ilmesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri ki\u015filer ile toplant\u0131 organize etti\u011fini, Ankara’dan g\u00f6nderilen ki\u015filerle Gaziantep\u2018te bulunan yazl\u0131k evinde toplant\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu toplant\u0131ya san\u0131k …\u2019nin de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, toplant\u0131y\u0131 …’nin organize etti\u011fini, \u00f6rg\u00fct taraf\u0131ndan Ankara’dan g\u00f6nderilen ki\u015finin “abiler sizin Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesi olarak se\u00e7ilmenizi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, bu nedenle k\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131yafetinize, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131za, ili\u015fkilerinize dikkat edin” dedi\u011fini, bu toplant\u0131da …\u2019nin \u201cben \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fcm, bu ayakla Yarg\u0131taya se\u00e7ilmek istemiyorum\u201d dedi\u011finde, \u201cbu engel de\u011fil, seni uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u201d dediklerini, daha sonra … ile Yarg\u0131tay 13. Ceza Dairesinde birlikte bir s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bir ara yap\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen ayn\u0131 sohbet grubunda yer ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bir ka\u00e7 sohbete kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu grupta san\u0131kla birlikte Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00fcyeleri …..in de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 gruptayken san\u0131k …\u2019nin de himmet (aidat) verdi\u011fini,<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131k … kendisi hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131yla ve san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen davada tan\u0131k olarak al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda, 30 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011funu, genel sohbet\u00e7i oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hemen hemen her birime, her \u00fcniteye sohbet verdi\u011fini, 17\/25 Aral\u0131k s\u00fcrecinden sonra insanlar\u0131n kafas\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheler olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 moral – motivasyon kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in sohbet vermesinin istendi\u011fini, 2014’\u00fcn Ekim ay\u0131ndaki HSYK se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde A\u011fustos sonunda ba\u015flayan sohbetlerin Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 sonuna kadar devam etti\u011fini, bu sohbetlere gelen \u015fah\u0131slardan birinin de san\u0131k … oldu\u011funu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131 en az \u00fc\u00e7 kez g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc,<\/p>\n
Beyan etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
San\u0131k a\u015famalarda; hakk\u0131nda delil olmadan tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, iddianamenin kabul\u00fcnden sonra Mahkemenin tensiple delil toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak usul hukukunda mahkemenin delil toplayamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, mevcut delillerle yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve karar vermesi gerekti\u011fini, 18 Temmuz’da evinde oldu\u011funu, 15 Temmuz’dan 18 Temmuz’a kadar lojmanda oldu\u011funu ve ka\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle tutuksuz yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, su\u00e7suz oldu\u011funu, Ankara Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 46. maddesini bypass ederek su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sadece bir iki usul itirazda bulunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6ncelikle hakk\u0131nda Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nma karar\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 46.maddesine tamamen ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir karar oldu\u011funu, buna g\u00f6re ilk itiraz\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Kanununun 46. maddesinde belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere her ne kadar iddianame ve fezlekede olay\u0131n su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011finin temadi eden su\u00e7lardan olmas\u0131 ve bu nedenle \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin her zaman su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde bulundu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin mevcut oldu\u011fu, bu y\u00fczden soru\u015fturman\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi konusundaki iddianamedeki belirtilen yarg\u0131ya kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lamayla ilgili durma karar\u0131 verilmesini talep etti\u011fini ve dosyas\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilgili kurullar\u0131na ve Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderip ilgili kurullar taraf\u0131ndan soru\u015fturma ile gerekli usuli i\u015flemler yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra her t\u00fcrl\u00fc savunmay\u0131 yapmaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu, ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren toplanan b\u00fct\u00fcn delillerin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olu\u011fundan esasa dair savunma yapmak istemedi\u011fini ifade ettikten ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slar hakk\u0131nda bir k\u0131s\u0131m beyanlarda bulunduktan sonra devamla, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l d\u00f6neminde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname ile kendisi hakk\u0131nda usuline uygun bir soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, normalde Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu\u2019nun 46 ve devam\u0131 maddelerine g\u00f6re Ceza Genel Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, bu durumun tabi hakim ilkesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Anayasaya a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 yani yok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 6. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 adil yarg\u0131lanma ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fini, somut olarak hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc su\u00e7lamas\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel su\u00e7 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Ceza Genel Kurulunda yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eti\u011fini, ayr\u0131ca yine iddianamenin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda soyut olarak bahsedilen hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 davalarla ilgili talimat al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015flem yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vesaire iddialar\u0131n oldu\u011funu, bununla ilgili olarak da g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa Y\u00fcce Divanda yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, Anayasa’n\u0131n 90 ve 91. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca KHK ile temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler konusunda d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu KHK\u2019n\u0131n yok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu, ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan yarg\u0131lananlar\u0131n davalar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesini, beraber yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, tan\u0131klar\u0131n ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu y\u00fczden davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi, ayr\u0131ca tan\u0131klar\u0131n CMK\u2019n\u0131n 50. maddesi uyar\u0131nca yeminsiz dinlenmeleri gerekti\u011fini,<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 kesinlikle kabul etmedi\u011fini hepsinin iftira etti\u011fini \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nma ve tutuklanmalar\u0131ndan 6 ay sonra hep birlikte Sincan Kapal\u0131 Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumundan de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerdeki cezaevlerine nakledilmelerinde bir ki\u015filik odalara yani h\u00fccrelere konulmalar\u0131ndan sonra bu ifadelerin verildi\u011fini, \u00f6zellikle tan\u0131k …\u2019\u0131n, sordu\u011fu sorulara verdi\u011fi cevaplarla da yalan s\u00f6yledi\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konuldu\u011funu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc …\u2019\u0131n ilk verdi\u011fi ifadesinde kendisinin Tarsus’ta g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Mehmet Vehip Ekinci’yle birlikte Tarsus’tan yazl\u0131k evine geldi\u011fini beyan etti\u011fini ancak bu ifadenin tamamen yalan oldu\u011funu, yeminsiz dinlenmesi gereken tan\u0131klar\u0131n yeminli dinlenmeleri nedeniyle al\u0131nan beyanlar\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bu \u015fekilde beyanlar\u0131n h\u00fckme esas te\u015fkil etmeyece\u011fini<\/p>\n
MASAK ve Bylockla ilgili konulara da cevap verip vermeyece\u011fi soruldu\u011funda; “Onlara vermeyece\u011fim Ba\u015fkan\u0131m. Yani vermek istemiyorum\u201d dedikten sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 biriyle neden ByLock ile konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne s\u00f6yleyecekse gidip kula\u011f\u0131na s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fini, iddian\u0131n mant\u0131ks\u0131z oldu\u011funu, san\u0131\u011fa \u201cMASAK raporunda, 04.02.2015 tarihinde Vak\u0131fbank’tan 65.000 TL kredi \u00e7ekip Asya Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131na 64.250 TL EFT g\u00f6nderdiniz. Sonra bu hesab\u0131 d\u00f6viz hesab\u0131na \u00e7evirdi\u011finiz gibi bir bilgi var. Bunla ilgili bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmak ister misiniz?\u201d sorusu \u00fczerine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, o tarihte Bank Asya\u2019n\u0131n legal bir banka oldu\u011funu ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemin su\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, faizsiz olmas\u0131 nedeniyle an\u0131lan bankada hesab\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bunun gibi di\u011fer faizsiz bankalarda da hesab\u0131 oldu\u011funu,<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca tan\u0131k ifadelerine kar\u015f\u0131 san\u0131k, …\u2019\u0131n kendisine dikta ettirilmi\u015f ve ezberletilmi\u015f \u015feyleri s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, bir\u00e7o\u011funun kendisiyle alakas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, te\u015fhislerinin de do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zira o kadar kimseyi haf\u0131zas\u0131nda tutamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7enin sohbetlerine kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201c140 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda bir gecede g\u00f6zalt\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor, arama karar\u0131 veriliyor. Nerede bu evrak? Yani nas\u0131l bilebildi Ankara Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kadar ki\u015fiyi\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde savunmalar\u0131na devam etti\u011fi, 2014’\u00fcn ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren bir tak\u0131m internet sitelerinde 130 k\u00fcsur ki\u015finin FET\u00d6 silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funa dair kendisinin de isminin bulundu\u011fu ki\u015filerin listesinin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sonra ayn\u0131 listede bulunanlar\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyeli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fine dair Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7inde dedikodular\u0131n konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2line hi\u00e7 gerek duyulmadan soru\u015fturma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kesinlikle …’un iddia etti\u011fi gibi \u00f6yle bir evde kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, staj\u0131n\u0131 Konya’da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama \u00f6yle bir evde kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendi bekar evinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tan\u0131k …\u2019un h\u00fccreye al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra tahliyeye ili\u015fkin kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 vaad ile bu beyanlar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha sonra hemen tahliye edilmesiyle de bu durumun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
San\u0131k davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda m\u00fctalaadan sonra ise; tan\u0131k …\u2019un yeniden dinlenmesini istedi\u011fini, ByLock kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hi\u00e7bir mesaj i\u00e7eri\u011finin bildirilmedi\u011fini ayr\u0131ca uzman bilirki\u015fi raporu ald\u0131rmak istedi\u011fini, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019daki odas\u0131nda kendisi yokken arama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tutanaklar\u0131n kendisine teslim edilmedi\u011fini, zaten dijital materyallerin imaj\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131p kendisine teslim edilmemesi sebebiyle yap\u0131lan i\u015flemin bu y\u00f6nden de yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, nezarethanedeki ko\u015fullar itibariyle \u00f6z bak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7birini yerine getirme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, soru\u015fturma evresinde ankete benzer sorular soruldu\u011funu, ellerinde her hangi bir delil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, soru\u015fturma evresinde dosyadaki delillerin kendisine a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; savunmas\u0131yla ilgisiz anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle uyar\u0131 \u00fczerine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u201cBa\u015fkan\u0131m bu s\u00f6z\u00fc bile s\u00f6ylemeniz bile sizi tarafl\u0131 oldu\u011funuzu tarafs\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor bu ben size bu savunmalar\u0131 sadece sizin i\u00e7in yazmad\u0131m, zaten sizin mahkemeniz i\u00e7in yazmad\u0131m\u201d \u015feklinde cevaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131,
\nHTS sinyallerinin sosyal ve ailevi etkinliklerinden veya tesad\u00fcflerden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tutuklulu\u011funun hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, 15 Temmuz 2016 gecesi hakim ve savc\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131, yakalama ve ev arama talimatlar\u0131 ve sulh ceza hakimli\u011fi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n usule ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, hakim ve savc\u0131lar ile ilgili bu soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak soru\u015fturma mercileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f listeler \u00fczerinden tamamen delilsiz olarak ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphelilerin 15 Temmuz darbe giri\u015fimine kat\u0131lmakla su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, arama, yakalama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma, tutuklama ve tutuklulu\u011fun devam\u0131na dair kararlar\u0131n usule uygun verilmedi\u011fini, darbe giri\u015fiminin ard\u0131ndan Ankara savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan soru\u015fturmada evi ve Yarg\u0131tayda bulunan odas\u0131nda arama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak arama yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, bir k\u0131s\u0131m e\u015fyalara el konulmas\u0131na ve yakalamaya ili\u015fkin herhangi bir karar bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Bank Asyan\u0131n faizsiz bankac\u0131l\u0131k yapmas\u0131 nedeniyle kay\u0131nbiraderi olan S\u00fcleyman Kurt’un hesap a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, kendisinin de ba\u015fka bir faizsiz bankada hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’ya g\u00f6re mahkemenin kendili\u011finden delil ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, itiraf\u00e7\u0131 beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuken ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, itiraf\u00e7\u0131 beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n delil olma niteli\u011fi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, …, …, …, …, \u0130lhami Dal\u0131, … ve …’in ifadelerinin kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, yasak usullerle elde edilen ifadelerin r\u0131za ile verilmi\u015f olsa da delil olarak de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fini, itiraf\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n itiraf\u00e7\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131n sebebinin TCK’da yer alan bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 pi\u015fman olmalar\u0131 de\u011fil, mesle\u011fe geri d\u00f6nebilmek, avukatl\u0131k yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmek oldu\u011funu, 16 y\u0131l ba\u015far\u0131 ile g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131ktan sonra liyakat kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ve HSK’n\u0131n takdiriyle bir hakim-savc\u0131n\u0131n meslek hayat\u0131nda gelebilece\u011fi en onurlu g\u00f6rev olan Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi\u011fini, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeli\u011fi se\u00e7iminden \u00f6nce kendisine hi\u00e7bir kimsenin Yarg\u0131tay’a se\u00e7ilece\u011fime dair bir beyanda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Gaziantep’teki toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen bilirki\u015fi raporuyla sabit oldu\u011funu, at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fini,<\/p>\n
Savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I- S\u0130LAHLI TER\u00d6R \u00d6RG\u00dcT\u00dc SU\u00c7U<\/p>\n
1- Ter\u00f6r Kavram\u0131, Su\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve Silahl\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc Kurma, Y\u00f6netme ve \u00dcye Olma Su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p>\n
Ter\u00f6r konusunu \u00f6zel bir kanunla d\u00fczenleme yoluna giden kanun koyucu, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu’nun 1. maddesinde ter\u00f6r\u00fc; \u201cCebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak; bask\u0131, korkutma, y\u0131ld\u0131rma, sindirme veya tehdit y\u00f6ntemlerinden biriyle, Anayasada belirtilen Cumhuriyetin niteliklerini, siyas\u00ee, hukuk\u00ee, sosyal, laik, ekonomik d\u00fczeni de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, Devletin \u00fclkesi ve milletiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozmak, T\u00fcrk Devletinin ve Cumhuriyetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, Devlet otoritesini zaafa u\u011fratmak veya y\u0131kmak veya ele ge\u00e7irmek, temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri yok etmek, Devletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, kamu d\u00fczenini veya genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozmak amac\u0131yla bir \u00f6rg\u00fcte mensup ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan giri\u015filecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden eylemlerdir.\u201d; ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 2. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lusunu, “Birinci maddede belirlenen ama\u00e7lara ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in meydana getirilmi\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin mensubu olup da, bu ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda di\u011ferleri ile beraber veya tek ba\u015f\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen veya ama\u00e7lanan su\u00e7u i\u015flemese dahi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin mensubu olan ki\u015fi…” \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne mensup olmasa da \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenlerin de ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lusu say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu genel ter\u00f6r ve ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lusu tan\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda; 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3. maddesinde do\u011frudan ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131, 4. maddesinde de dolayl\u0131 ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18.07.2006 tarihli ve 26232 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5532 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanununda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun’un 17. maddesiyle, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapan 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu’nun birinci maddesinin ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; madde gerek\u00e7esinde, T\u00fcrkiye’nin de taraf oldu\u011fu S\u0131n\u0131r A\u015fan \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc Su\u00e7lara Kar\u015f\u0131 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 2. maddesinin (a) bendine uygun olarak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 220. maddesinde su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fct tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu’nda ayr\u0131ca \u00f6rg\u00fct tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
TCK’n\u0131n 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (j) bendine g\u00f6re \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu su\u00e7lu; su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten, bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte kat\u0131lan veya \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n
TCK’n\u0131n \u201cSu\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 220. maddesinde;<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) Kanunun su\u00e7 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiilleri i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuranlar veya y\u00f6netenler, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131, sahip bulundu\u011fu \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 ile ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ama\u00e7 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131 halinde, iki y\u0131ldan alt\u0131 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
(2) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f olan \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olanlar, bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(3) \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn silahl\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde, yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kralara g\u00f6re verilecek ceza d\u00f6rtte birinden yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(4) \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesi halinde, ayr\u0131ca bu su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 da cezaya h\u00fckmolunur…\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7uyla korunan hukuki yarar kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, toplum d\u00fczenini tehlikeye soktu\u011fu ve ara\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, ama\u00e7lanan su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu su\u00e7 nedeniyle kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 bireyin g\u00fcvenli, bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak hakk\u0131n\u0131 da zedeleyece\u011finden, i\u015flenmesi ama\u00e7lanan su\u00e7lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan haz\u0131rl\u0131k hareketi niteli\u011finde olan bu fiiller ayr\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z su\u00e7lar olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bu d\u00fczenlemeyle ayn\u0131 zamanda bireyin, Anayasa’da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine y\u00f6nelik fiillere kar\u015f\u0131 da korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la hen\u00fcz su\u00e7 i\u015flenmese dahi, sadece su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct olu\u015fturmu\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu faillerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmi\u015ftir. Bunun as\u0131l nedeni su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kurman\u0131n, kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ciddi bir tehlike olu\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun koyucu bu d\u00fczenleme ile \u00f6ncelikle gelecekte i\u015flenebilecek su\u00e7lar\u0131 engellemek istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru ise; \u00f6ncelikle kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan devlet ve toplumu olu\u015fturan bireylerdir.<\/p>\n
TCK’n\u0131n 220. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edebilmek i\u00e7in; en az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015finin, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla hiyerar\u015fik bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7erisinde, devaml\u0131 olarak ama\u00e7 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli ara\u00e7 ve gerece sahip bir \u015fekilde bir araya gelmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fct, soyut bir birle\u015fme olmay\u0131p b\u00fcnyesinde hiyerar\u015fik bir ili\u015fki bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu hiyerar\u015fik ili\u015fki, baz\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131nda gev\u015fek bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Olu\u015fturulan bu ili\u015fki sayesinde \u00f6rg\u00fct, mensuplar\u0131 \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet tesis eden bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 niteli\u011fini kazanmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla devaml\u0131l\u0131k arz eden \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ileride ihtimal dahilindeki su\u00e7\/su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek amac\u0131 etraf\u0131ndaki fiil\u00ee birle\u015fme yeterlidir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, ki\u015filerin belirli bir su\u00e7u i\u015flemek i\u00e7in bir araya gelmesi h\u00e2linde ise \u00f6rg\u00fct de\u011fil, i\u015ftirak ili\u015fkisi mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulunun istikrar bulunan ve s\u00fcregelen kararlar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, TCK’n\u0131n 220. maddesi anlam\u0131nda bir \u00f6rg\u00fctten bahsedilebilmesi i\u00e7in,<\/p>\n
a) \u00dcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7 veya daha fazla ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
b) \u00dcyeler aras\u0131nda gev\u015fek de olsa hiyerar\u015fik bir ba\u011f bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in soyut bir birle\u015fme yeterli olmay\u0131p \u00f6rg\u00fct yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak gev\u015fek veya s\u0131k\u0131 bir hiyerar\u015fik ili\u015fki olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131 etraf\u0131nda fiili bir birle\u015fme yeterli olup \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesine gerek bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi i\u015flenmesi ama\u00e7lanan su\u00e7lar\u0131n konu ve ma\u011fdur itibar\u0131yla somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakla birlikte, zorunluluk arz etmemektedir. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyetleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde, fail, \u00f6rg\u00fctteki konumuna g\u00f6re, \u00fcye veya y\u00f6netici s\u0131fat\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, ayr\u0131ca i\u015flenen su\u00e7tan da cezaland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
d) \u00d6rg\u00fct niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finden, ki\u015filerin belli bir su\u00e7u i\u015flemek veya bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in bir araya gelmesi h\u00e2linde, \u00f6rg\u00fctten de\u011fil ancak i\u015ftirak iradesinden s\u00f6z edilebilecektir.<\/p>\n
e) Ama\u00e7lanan su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli, \u00fcye, ara\u00e7 ve gerece sahip olunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere kanunlar\u0131n su\u00e7 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiilleri i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla, sahip bulundu\u011fu \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 ile ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ama\u00e7 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli yap\u0131lara su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc denmektedir. Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ise ideolojik ama\u00e7lar\u0131 olan su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleridir. Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden ay\u0131ran bu ideolojik ama\u00e7; 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 1. maddesinde g\u00f6sterilen Cumhuriyetin Anayasa’da belirtilen niteliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 olabilece\u011fi gibi, Devletin \u00fclkesi ve milletiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, T\u00fcrk Devleti ve Cumhuriyetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Devlet otoritesini zaafa u\u011fratmaya veya y\u0131kmaya ya da ele ge\u00e7irmeye, Devletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, kamu d\u00fczeni veya genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ya da temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlere y\u00f6nelik de olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 bir su\u00e7tur. Bu nedenle baz\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kurman\u0131n ba\u015fka ceza normlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi durumunda, ilgili su\u00e7 tipinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir. Buna g\u00f6re soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctleri kuran, y\u00f6neten ve \u00fcye olanlar hakk\u0131nda TCK’n\u0131n 78. maddesi, devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kuranlar, y\u00f6netenler ve \u00fcye olanlar hakk\u0131nda ise TCK’n\u0131n 314. maddesi uygulanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 7. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cCebir ve \u015fiddet kullan\u0131larak; bask\u0131, korkutma, y\u0131ld\u0131rma, sindirme veya tehdit y\u00f6ntemleriyle, 1 inci maddede belirtilen ama\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelik olarak su\u00e7 i\u015flemek \u00fczere, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kuranlar, y\u00f6netenler ile bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olanlar T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 314 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyetini d\u00fczenleyenler de \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6neticisi olarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc ile TCK’n\u0131n 314. maddesine at\u0131f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
TCK’n\u0131n 314. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan “Sil\u00e2hl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct” su\u00e7u ise;<\/p>\n
“(1) Bu k\u0131sm\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde yer alan su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla, silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran veya y\u00f6neten ki\u015fi, on y\u0131ldan onbe\u015f y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(2) Birinci f\u0131krada tan\u0131mlanan \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olanlara, be\u015f y\u0131ldan on y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
(3) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmler, bu su\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan aynen uygulan\u0131r.” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lulu\u011fun \u00f6zel bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen, TCK’n\u0131n “Silahl\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 314. maddesinde; TCK’n\u0131n \u0130kinci Kitab\u0131n\u0131n, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla, silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten ve \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olanlar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve maddenin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda; su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, bu su\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan aynen uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131na giren su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kurulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ortada bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. TCK’n\u0131n 314. maddesinde h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan h\u00e2llerde, TCK’n\u0131n 220. maddesindeki ko\u015fullar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulacakt\u0131r. (Feridun Yenisey \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc Su\u00e7lar ve<\/p>\n
Ter\u00f6r Su\u00e7lar\u0131 E\u011fitim Mod\u00fcl\u00fc, s. 46)<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re TCK’n\u0131n 314. maddesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir olu\u015fumun veya yap\u0131lanman\u0131n, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in TCK’n\u0131n 220. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7unda gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen \u015fartlar da aranmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a) Y\u00f6ntem: Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak; bask\u0131, korkutma, y\u0131ld\u0131rma, sindirme veya tehdit y\u00f6ntemlerinden biriyle hareket eden bir \u00f6rg\u00fct tipidir. Buradaki cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanma tabirini do\u011frudan kullanma \u015feklinde anlamland\u0131rmak do\u011fru olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu kavram\u0131n i\u00e7ine cebir veya \u015fiddet kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00fcncel tehdidin bulunmas\u0131 da dahildir.<\/p>\n
b) Ama\u00e7-Saik: Silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, siyasi maksatla faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ifade eder. Bu bak\u0131mdan 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un birinci maddesinde say\u0131lan amaca y\u00f6nelik ve devletin Anayasal d\u00fczeni veya devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla faaliyet g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
c) Elveri\u015flilik: Silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, TCK’n\u0131n \u0130kinci Kitab\u0131n\u0131n, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde yer alan su\u00e7lar\u0131 ama\u00e7 su\u00e7 olarak i\u015flemek \u00fczere kurulmu\u015f ve amaca matuf bir eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye yeterli derecede silahl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ya da bu silahlar\u0131 kullanabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Amaca matuf kavram\u0131 ise, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, sahip bulundu\u011fu \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 ile ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ama\u00e7 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n
Belirsiz say\u0131da su\u00e7 i\u015fleme hedefi do\u011frultusunda kurulan silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un birinci maddesinde belirtilen amaca y\u00f6nelik faaliyet g\u00f6stermesi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli olup ayr\u0131ca ama\u00e7lanan su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemesi gerekmez.<\/p>\n
d) Ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7: \u00d6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 olmasa bile bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n silahl\u0131 olmas\u0131, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir. \u00d6rg\u00fct, bu silahlar\u0131 gerekti\u011finde kullanma imkan ve olana\u011f\u0131na sahip ise silahl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. Silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn elinde bulunan silah\u0131n devlete ait olmas\u0131 ya da bu silahlar\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 yollardan elde edilmesi bu su\u00e7un olu\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n
2- FET\u00d6\/PDY Silahl\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulunun 24.01.2019 tarihli ve 417-44 say\u0131l\u0131, 20.12.2018 tarihli ve 419-661 say\u0131l\u0131 ile 26.09.2017 tarihli ve 956-370 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;<\/p>\n
FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, paravan olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dini, din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnyevi emellerine ula\u015fma arac\u0131 h\u00e2line getiren; siyasi, ekonomik ve toplumsal yeni bir d\u00fczen kurma tasavvuruna sahip \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 talimatlar do\u011frultusunda hareket eden; bu ama\u00e7la \u00f6ncelikle g\u00fc\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131na sahip olmay\u0131 hedefleyip g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmak ve yeni bir d\u00fczen kurmak i\u00e7in \u015feffafl\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k yerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gizlilik i\u00e7erisinde olmay\u0131 \u015fiar edinen; bir istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc gibi kod isimler, \u00f6zel haberle\u015fme kanallar\u0131, kayna\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen paralar kullan\u0131p b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na herkesi inand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ve bunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp g\u00fc\u00e7lenen, bir yandan da kendi mensubu olmayanlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 motive eden; “Alt\u0131n Nesil” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi kadrolarla sistemle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmak yerine sisteme sahip olma ilkesiyle devlete tabandan tavana s\u0131zan; bu kadrolar\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 avantajlarla devlet i\u00e7erisinde belli bir g\u00fcce ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra has\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli hukuki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle tasfiye eden; b\u00f6ylece devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn alt bile\u015fenlerini \u00fcnite \u00fcnite kontrol alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ve sisteme sahip olmay\u0131 planlay\u0131p ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de kullanarak toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan; casusluk faaliyetlerini de b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran atipik\/suigeneris bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u0130sti\u015fare kurulu, \u00fclke, b\u00f6lge, il, il\u00e7e, semt, ev imamlar\u0131 gibi hiyerar\u015fik bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7eren insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve finans kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctsel menfaat ve ideolojisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullan\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin t\u00fcm Anayasal kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u201cgizli ya\u015famak, her zaman korkmak, do\u011fruyu s\u00f6ylememek, ger\u00e7e\u011fi ink\u00e2r etmek\u201d \u00fczerine kuruludur.<\/p>\n
Talimatlar yoluyla kollektif bir \u015fekilde mobilize olan, kamu erkinin kritik b\u00fcrokratik alanlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, kamusal alan\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irme refleksiyle hareket eden, m\u00fclkiye, adliye, emniyet, e\u011fitim, istihbarat ve ordu i\u00e7erisinde kendi \u00f6zel hiyerar\u015fisiyle illegal \u015fekilde kadrola\u015fan, devletin t\u00fcm kurumlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131yla devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 kendisine hizmet eder hale getiren ve adeta devlet i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131 bir devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn lideri Fethullah G\u00fclen taraf\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n
“Esnek olun, sivrilmeden can damarlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde dolan\u0131n!; b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezlerine ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar hi\u00e7 kimse varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 fark etmeden sistemin ana damarlar\u0131nda ilerleyin!\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cAdliye, m\u00fclkiye veya ba\u015fka hayati bir m\u00fcessesede bizim arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n mevcudiyeti \u00f6yle ferdi mevcudiyetler \u015feklinde ele al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmemelidir. Yani bunlar gelecek ad\u0131na bizim o \u00fcnitelerde garantimizdir. Bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde onlar bizim varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n teminat\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cZaman hen\u00fcz uygun de\u011fil. B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 omuzlay\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fimiz zamana dek, tamam olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ve ko\u015fullar\u0131n uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 zamana dek beklemelisiniz! Bilhassa, haber alma hususunda her zaman has\u0131m cephenin \u00e7ok \u00f6n\u00fcnde olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cYani siz h\u00e2kim de\u011filsiniz ba\u015fka kuvvetler var. Bu \u00fclkede de\u011fi\u015fik kuvvetleri hesap edecek dengeli, dikkatli, tedbirli, temkinli y\u00fcr\u00fcmekte yarar var ki geriye ad\u0131m atmayal\u0131m\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn anayasal m\u00fcesseselerdeki g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kuvveti cephemize \u00e7ekece\u011fimiz ana kadar her ad\u0131m erken say\u0131l\u0131r. (\u2026) bunca kalabal\u0131k i\u00e7inde ben bu d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemi s\u00f6zde mahremiyet i\u00e7inde anlatt\u0131m. (\u2026) s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131z sizin s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r. S\u00f6ylerseniz siz esir olursunuz.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cDaima tedbirli olmal\u0131y\u0131z, daima isti\u015fare i\u00e7erisinde karar al\u0131n, ana isti\u015fare organ\u0131 olan Ba\u015fy\u00fcceler ne karar ald\u0131ysa onu uygulay\u0131n (Kald\u0131 ki; Ba\u015fy\u00fcceler\u2019in lideri de kendisidir) b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezlerine ula\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBir g\u00fcn bana Ankara\u2019da bin evimiz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyin, devletin pa\u00e7as\u0131ndan \u015f\u00f6yle bir tutaca\u011f\u0131m, devlet uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapaca\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kalmayacak.\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015fik yer ve zamanlarda \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131na verilen talimatlarda gizlili\u011fe atfedilen \u00f6nem g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\n\u00d6rg\u00fct, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi personelin aile ya\u015famlar\u0131na dahi m\u00fcdahale ederek \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n kiminle evlenece\u011fine de karar vermektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fct, kamu kurumlar\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131 be\u015f ki\u015fiyi ge\u00e7meyen bir \u00f6rg\u00fct abisine ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fccreler \u015feklinde yap\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fccreler birbirinden haberdar de\u011fildir. Bu \u015fekilde bir h\u00fccre a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131ksa bile di\u011fer h\u00fccrelerin faaliyetlerine devam ederek de\u015fifre olmalar\u0131 engellenmektedir. \u0130\u00e7lerinde kat\u0131 bir askeri disiplin h\u00e2kimdir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde tek h\u00e2kim ve \u00f6nder Fethullah G\u00fclen olup \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisinde kainat imam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Di\u011fer y\u00f6neticiler onun verdi\u011fi yetkiyle onun ad\u0131na g\u00f6rev yaparlar.<\/p>\n
Kainat imam\u0131 inanc\u0131 ve yedi katl\u0131 piramidal yap\u0131lanmaya sahip FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnde, \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7i hiyerar\u015fide itaat ve teslimiyet kat\u0131 bir kurald\u0131r. Teslimiyet hem \u00f6rg\u00fcte hem de liderin emrine ona atfen verilen g\u00f6reve adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 tabaka-kat sistemine dayan\u0131r. Katlar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015fler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kattan sonras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015fleri \u00f6nder belirlemektedir. Katlar \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
a) Birinci Kat (Halk Tabakas\u0131): \u00d6rg\u00fcte iman ve g\u00f6n\u00fcl ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar, fiili ve maddi destek sa\u011flayanlardan olu\u015fur. Bunlar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131na dahil olmayan, bilin\u00e7li veya bilin\u00e7siz hizmet ettirilen kesimdir.<\/p>\n
b) \u0130kinci Kat (Sad\u0131k Tabaka): Okul, dershane, yurt, banka, gazete, vak\u0131f ve kurum g\u00f6revlilerinden olu\u015fan sad\u0131k gruptur. Bunlar \u00f6rg\u00fct sohbetlerine kat\u0131lan, d\u00fczenli aidat \u00f6deyen, az veya \u00e7ok \u00f6rg\u00fct ideolojisini bilen ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n
c) \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kat (\u0130deolojik \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme Tabakas\u0131): Gayri resmi faaliyetlerde g\u00f6rev alan, \u00f6rg\u00fct ideolojisini benimseyen ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131, \u00e7evresine propaganda yapan ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n
d) D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Kat (Tefti\u015f Kontrol Tabakas\u0131): B\u00fct\u00fcn hizmeti (legal ve illegal) denetler. Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ve itaatte dereceye girenler buraya y\u00fckselebilir. Bu tabakaya girenler \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta kazand\u0131r\u0131lanlardan se\u00e7ilir. \u00d6rg\u00fcte sonradan kat\u0131lanlar genellikle bu katta ve daha \u00fcst katlarda g\u00f6rev alamazlar.<\/p>\n
e) Be\u015finci Kat (Organize Eden ve Y\u00fcr\u00fcten Tabaka): \u00dcst d\u00fczey gizlilik gerektirir. Birbirlerini \u00e7ok az tan\u0131rlar. \u00d6rg\u00fct lideri taraf\u0131ndan atanan ve devletteki yap\u0131y\u0131 organize edip y\u00fcr\u00fcten ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n
f) Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Kat (Has Tabaka): \u00d6rg\u00fct lideri Fethullah G\u00fclen taraf\u0131ndan bizzat atanan ve lider ile alt tabakalar\u0131n irtibat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7i g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131p azillere bakan ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n
g) Yedinci Kat (Kurmay Tabaka): \u00d6rg\u00fct lideri taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan se\u00e7ilen ve on yedi ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn en se\u00e7kin kesimidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn de\u015fifre olmamas\u0131 ve Devletin \u00f6rg\u00fct yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmekte zorlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct h\u00fccre tipinde yatay yap\u0131lanmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. H\u00fccreler genellikle en fazla be\u015f ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan ve bir abla veya abiye ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerdir. H\u00fccredeki ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 baz\u0131 kurumlarda \u00fc\u00e7, TSK gibi baz\u0131 kurumlarda ise birebirdir. Her h\u00fccreden sorumlu bir imam vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
FET\u00d6\/PDY’nin asli unsuru m\u00fcntesipler, \u0131\u015f\u0131k evi, yurtlar, okullar, dershaneler olan hizmet birimlerinde yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Bu kurumlar\u0131n temel amac\u0131 bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte m\u00fcntesip yeti\u015ftirmektir. \u0130lk ve \u00f6ncelikli kurulu\u015f gayesi e\u011fitim de\u011fil, insan kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fcte ait \u00f6zel okul ve yurt gibi yerler toplant\u0131 ve himmet toplama ama\u00e7l\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fct, elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 genel olarak gen\u00e7 ya\u015ftaki \u00f6\u011frencilerden se\u00e7mekte ise de, kamu personelini de sonradan \u00f6rg\u00fcte kazand\u0131rabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri gibi FET\u00d6\/PDY de eleman bulma, bulduklar\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct amac\u0131na g\u00f6re e\u011fitme, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel olarak onlara nas\u0131l davran\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011fretip uygulatma \u00fczerine kuruludur. \u00d6rg\u00fctsel ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n temini bak\u0131m\u0131ndan; kod ad\u0131 kullanma, gizlilik ve tedbir uygulanmas\u0131, ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda istihbarat toplay\u0131p \u00f6zel bilgi edinmek, sorunsuz i\u015fleyen bir emir ve rapor zincirinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, devletten ve aileden \u00f6nde gelen \u00f6rg\u00fct aidiyeti, devlet hiyerar\u015fisinde daha \u00fcstte olsa bile \u00f6rg\u00fct hiyerar\u015fisi as\u0131l oldu\u011fundan daha ast birinden emir al\u0131nmas\u0131, hizmet karde\u015fli\u011fi ve \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7i dayan\u0131\u015fma nedeniyle illegal olsa dahi talimat\u0131n sorgulanmamas\u0131, psikolojik tehdidin etkisiyle \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradenin kaybedilmesi hususlar\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lmak kural olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6rg\u00fctsel disipline uymayan ki\u015filer \u00f6rg\u00fctten kovulma yerine pasifize edilmektedir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede olan ki\u015filer \u00f6nce korkutulur, manevi bask\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda maddi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar da uygulan\u0131r. T\u00fcm yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ra\u011fmen ayr\u0131lmakta \u0131srar eden, itaatsizlikte devam eden ki\u015finin \u00f6rg\u00fctle ili\u015fkisi kesilir. \u00d6rg\u00fct bu ki\u015fiyi hain ilan etti\u011finden her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cezaland\u0131rma metodu uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
FET\u00d6\/PDY’nin T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerine, Emniyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131na ve M\u0130T’e s\u0131zan militanlar\u0131, \u015feklen kamu g\u00f6revlisi gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckse de, bu ki\u015filerin \u00f6rg\u00fct aidiyetleri di\u011fer t\u00fcm aidiyetlerinden \u00f6nce gelmektedir. FET\u00d6\/PDY\u2019nin devletin tasarrufunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, kendi \u00f6rg\u00fctsel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 lehine kullanmakta oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli a\u015famalardan ge\u00e7irildikten sonra g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ba\u011flarla ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 FET\u00d6\/PDY\u2019nin bir neferi olarak TSK, Emniyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 ve Milli \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131nda meslek hayatlar\u0131na ba\u015flayan \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131, sahip olduklar\u0131 silah ve zor kullanma yetkilerini FET\u00d6\/PDY\u2019deki hiyerar\u015fik \u00fcst\u00fcnden gelen emir do\u011frultusunda seferber etmeye haz\u0131r olacak \u015fekilde bir ideolojik e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irilmektedir. Bu durum, \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri taraf\u0131ndan hizmet insan\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fcte ba\u011fl\u0131 ki\u015finin azimli, kararl\u0131, hizmete kar\u015f\u0131 itaatkar, her \u015feyin sorumlulu\u011funu almas\u0131 gereken, darbe yedi\u011finde azmi bozulmayan, y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbelere geldi\u011finde kendi r\u00fctbesi de\u011fil de hizmetin r\u00fctbesini \u00f6n planda tutan, hizmet i\u00e7erisinde yapaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revlerin zor olabilece\u011fine inanan ve b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, can\u0131n\u0131, sevdiklerini hizmet i\u00e7in feda etmeye haz\u0131r olmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n etkin birimlerinde ve TSK’da yap\u0131lanan FET\u00d6\/PDY, Emniyet ve TSK birimlerinin do\u011fas\u0131nda var olan cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanma yetkisinin verdi\u011fi bask\u0131 ve korkutuculu\u011fu kullanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n silahlar \u00fczerinde gerekti\u011finde tasarruf imkan\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc su\u00e7unun olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli ve yeterli olmakla birlikte; 15.07.2016 tarihinde meydana gelen kalk\u0131\u015fma esnas\u0131nda TSK i\u00e7erisinde yap\u0131lan\u0131p g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde TSK mensubu olan ve ancak \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin emir ve talimatlar\u0131 ile hareket eden \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131nca silah kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bir\u00e7ok sivil vatanda\u015f ve kamu g\u00f6revlisi \u015fehit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, nihai ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmak gayesiyle \u00f6ncelikle askeriye, m\u00fclkiye, emniyet, yarg\u0131 ve di\u011fer stratejik \u00f6neme sahip kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in kendilerine engel olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcrokrat ve personelin sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak \u00f6rg\u00fct elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 bu makamlara getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin t\u00fcm Anayasal kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6nelik nihai hedefi bulunan FET\u00d6\/PDY, s\u00f6z konusu ele ge\u00e7irme s\u00fcreci tamamland\u0131ktan sonra devlet, toplum ve fertlere dair ne varsa ideolojisi do\u011frultusunda yeniden dizayn ederek oligar\u015fik \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yan bir z\u00fcmre eliyle ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasal g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00f6netmek ve ayn\u0131 zamanda uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde b\u00fcy\u00fck ve etkili siyasi\/ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2line gelmek amac\u0131yla hareket etmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fctte s\u0131k\u0131 bir disiplin ve eylemli bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi bulundu\u011fu, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurucusu, y\u00f6neticileri ve \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir hiyerar\u015fik ba\u011f\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011fu, gizlili\u011fe riayet edildi\u011fi, illegal faaliyetleri gizleyebilmek i\u00e7in hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131ya uygun h\u00fccre sistemi i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lanarak grup imamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan emir talimat verilmesi, \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda haberle\u015fmenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ByLock gibi haberle\u015fme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcyle ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n gizlendi\u011fi, amaca ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in yeterli eleman, ara\u00e7 ve gerece sahip oldu\u011fu, amac\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa’da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen me\u015fru y\u00f6ntemlerle iktidara gelmek olmay\u0131p \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaos ortam\u0131 sonucu, demokratik olmayan y\u00f6ntemlerle cebir \u015fiddet kullanmak suretiyle parlamento, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve di\u011fer anayasal kurumlar\u0131 feshedip iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek oldu\u011fu, bu ama\u00e7la, Emniyet, Jandarma te\u015fkilat\u0131, M\u0130T ve Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kuvvet kullanma yetkisini haiz kurumlara s\u0131zan mensuplar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, kendisinden olmayan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine, kamu g\u00f6revlilerine, halka, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fclliyesi, Meclis binas\u0131 gibi simge binalar ve bir\u00e7ok kamu binas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r silahlarla sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmak suretiyle ama\u00e7 su\u00e7u ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve yaralama gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da vahim eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi, an\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda 15 Temmuz darbe giri\u015fiminden ya da \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyetleri kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen di\u011fer bir k\u0131s\u0131m eylemlere ili\u015fkin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 derdest olan ya da mahkemelerce karara ba\u011flanan davalar, bu davalarda dinlenen itiraf\u00e7\u0131 san\u0131klar\u0131n savunmalar\u0131 ve gizli-a\u00e7\u0131k tan\u0131k anlat\u0131mlar\u0131, bu davalarda verilen mahkeme ve Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct lider ve y\u00f6neticilerinin a\u00e7\u0131k kaynaklardaki yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 gibi olgu ve tespitler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda;<\/p>\n
FET\u00d6\/PDY, k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin stratejik hedeflerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczerine kurulan bir ma\u015fa olarak; Anayasa’da belirtilen Cumhuriyetin niteliklerini, siyasi, hukuki, sosyal, laik ve ekonomik d\u00fczeni de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, Devletin \u00fclkesi ve milletiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozmak, T\u00fcrk Devletinin ve Cumhuriyetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, Devlet otoritesini y\u0131k\u0131p ele ge\u00e7irmek, temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri yok etmek, Devletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, kamu d\u00fczenini bozmak amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fct, kurulu\u015fundan 15 Temmuz s\u00fcrecine kadar \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri Fethullah G\u00fclen taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen ideoloji do\u011frultusunda ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in hareket etmi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen eylemlerde kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem, bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n silah kullanma yetkisini haiz resmi kurumlarda g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n bu silahlar \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n var olmas\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fct hiyerar\u015fisi do\u011frultusunda emir verilmesi h\u00e2linde silah kullanmaktan \u00e7ekinmeyeceklerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; tasarrufunda bulunan ara\u00e7, gere\u00e7 ve a\u011f\u0131r harp silahlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 314. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda bir silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, Anayasa Mahkemesinin istikrar kazanan kararlar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131, adli makamlar ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin -\u00f6zellikle organize olanlar olmak \u00fczere- su\u00e7larla ve su\u00e7lulukla etkili bir \u015fekilde m\u00fccadelesini a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmeye neden olabilecek \u015fekilde yorumlanmamal\u0131d\u0131r (S\u00fcleyman Ba\u011fr\u0131yan\u0131k ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2015\/9756, 16\/11\/2016, \u00a7 214; Devran Duran [GK], B. No: 2014\/10405, 25\/5\/2017, \u00a7 64). \u00d6zellikle darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ya da do\u011frudan darbe giri\u015fimiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmasa bile FET\u00d6\/PDY ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 ve niteli\u011fi ile FET\u00d6\/PDY’nin gizlilik, h\u00fccre tipi yap\u0131lanma, her kurumda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f olma, kendisine kutsall\u0131k atfetme, itaat ve teslimiyet temelinde hareket etme gibi \u00f6zellikleri de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n di\u011fer ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha zor ve karma\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r (Ayd\u0131n Yavuz ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2016\/22169, 20\/6\/2017, \u00a7 350).<\/p>\n
a) ByLock \u0130leti\u015fim Sistemi<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulunun 24.01.2019 tarihli ve 417-44 say\u0131l\u0131 ile 20.12.2018 tarihli ve 419-661 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;
\nByLock ileti\u015fim sistemi global bir uygulama g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda belli bir tarihten sonra yenilenen ve geli\u015ftirilen h\u00e2liyle m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunulmu\u015f bir programd\u0131r. ByLock ileti\u015fim sisteminin FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n kullanmalar\u0131 amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan ve m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran bu ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bir k\u0131s\u0131m mensuplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan bir a\u011f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle; \u00f6rg\u00fct talimat\u0131 ile bu a\u011fa dahil olundu\u011funun ve gizlili\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in haberle\u015fme amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak, kesin kanaate ula\u015ft\u0131racak teknik verilerle tespiti, ki\u015finin \u00f6rg\u00fctle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir delil olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in indirilmesi yeterli olmay\u0131p \u00f6zel bir kurulum gerektiren ByLock ileti\u015fim sistemi, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kriptolama yoluyla internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden ileti\u015fim sa\u011flamak \u00fczere, g\u00f6nderilen her bir mesaj\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir kripto anahtar\u0131 ile \u015fifrelenerek iletilmesine dayanan bir tasar\u0131ma sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u015fifrelemenin, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda bilgi aktar\u0131rken \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin bu bilgiye izinsiz \u015fekilde (hack) ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye y\u00f6nelik bir g\u00fcvenlik sistemi oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda i\u015fletim sistemlerine ait uygulama ma\u011fazalar\u0131nda yer al\u0131p bir s\u00fcre herkesin ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k olan ByLock’un, bu ma\u011fazalardan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra geli\u015ftirilen ve yenilenen s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ancak \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131nca harici bellek, haf\u0131za kartlar\u0131 ve Bluetooth yoluyla y\u00fcklenildi\u011fi y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma dosyalar\u0131ndaki ifadeler, mesaj ve e-postalardan anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ByLock ileti\u015fim sistemi 46.166.160.137 IP adresine (Internet a\u011f\u0131na do\u011frudan ba\u011flanan her cihaza verilen, numaralardan olu\u015fan benzersiz adres) sahip sunucu \u00fczerinde hizmet sunmaktad\u0131r. Sunucu y\u00f6neticisi, uygulamay\u0131 kullananlar\u0131n tespitini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ayr\u0131ca 46.166.164.176, 46.166.164.177, 46.166.164.178, 46.166.164.179, 46.166.164.180, 46.166.164.181, 46.166.164.182, 46.166.164.183 no’lu IP adreslerini de kiralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nByLock ileti\u015fim sisteminin ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlara y\u00fcklendikten sonra kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131\/kodu ve parolan\u0131n, akabinde cihaz \u00fczerinde rastgele el hareketleriyle olu\u015fturulan kullan\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6zel g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kriptografik \u015fifrenin belirlenmesi ve bu bilgilerin uygulama sunucusuna kriptolu olarak iletilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu \u015fekilde ByLock ileti\u015fim sistemine dahil olan kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sistem taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 kodu (User-ID numaras\u0131) atanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Global ve ticari uygulamalar\u0131n aksine, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tespitini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ByLock ileti\u015fim sistemine kay\u0131t esnas\u0131nda kullan\u0131c\u0131dan telefon numaras\u0131, kimlik numaras\u0131, e-posta adresi gibi ki\u015fiye ait \u00f6zel bir bilgi talep edilmemekte, SMS \u015fifre veya e-posta yoluyla do\u011frulama i\u015fleyi\u015fi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ByLock ileti\u015fim sistemi \u00fczerinde telefon numaras\u0131 veya ad-soyad bilgileri ile arama yap\u0131larak kullan\u0131c\u0131 eklenmesine imk\u00e2n bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan ByLock ileti\u015fim sisteminde benzer uygulamalarda bulunan telefon rehberindeki ki\u015filerin uygulamaya otomatik olarak eklenmesi \u00f6zelli\u011fi de bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ByLock ileti\u015fim sisteminde kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n haberle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in her iki taraf\u0131n \u00f6nceden temin ettikleri kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kodlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirlerine eklemeleri gerekmekte, ancak bu a\u015famadan sonra taraflar aras\u0131nda mesajla\u015fma ba\u015flayabilmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n dahi istedi\u011fi zaman bu sistemi kullanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu kurgu sayesinde uygulama, sadece olu\u015fturulan h\u00fccre tipine uygun \u015fekilde bir haberle\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine imk\u00e2n vermektedir.<\/p>\n
ByLock ileti\u015fim sisteminde, kriptolu anl\u0131k mesajla\u015fma, e-posta g\u00f6nderimi, ekleme yoluyla ki\u015fi listesi olu\u015fturma, grup i\u00e7i mesajla\u015fma, kriptolu sesli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc veya belge g\u00f6nderebilme \u00f6zellikleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel mahiyetteki haberle\u015fmelerini ba\u015fka herhangi bir haberle\u015fme arac\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesine olanak sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm ileti\u015fimlerinin ByLock sunucusu \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmas\u0131, buradaki gruplar\u0131n ve haberle\u015fme i\u00e7eriklerinin uygulama y\u00f6neticisinin denetim ve kontrol\u00fcnde olmas\u0131n\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u00e2le getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131c\u0131 tespitinin \u00f6nlenmesi ve haberle\u015fme g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in al\u0131nan bir di\u011fer g\u00fcvenlik tedbiri ise, ByLock’a ait sunucu ve ileti\u015fim verilerinin, uygulama veri taban\u0131nda da kriptolu olarak saklanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ByLock kurgusunun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar da kendilerini gizlemek amac\u0131yla birtak\u0131m \u00f6nlemler alm\u0131\u015f, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede haberle\u015fme i\u00e7eriklerinde ve uygulamadaki arkada\u015f listelerinde, ki\u015filerin ger\u00e7ek bilgileri yerine \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7indeki “kod adlar\u0131na” yer verip \u00e7ok haneli parolalar belirlemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ByLock’a eri\u015fim sa\u011flayan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, kimlik bilgilerinin ve ileti\u015fimin gizlenmesi amac\u0131yla VPN (Sanal \u00d6zel A\u011f) kullanmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 kitlesine sahip ByLock ileti\u015fim sistemi, 15.07.2016 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe giri\u015fimi \u00f6ncesinde T\u00fcrk ve yabanc\u0131 kamuoyu taraf\u0131ndan bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n
ByLock \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan ileti\u015fimin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenen i\u00e7eri\u011finin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 FET\u00d6\/PDY mensuplar\u0131na ait \u00f6rg\u00fctsel temas ve faaliyetlere ili\u015fkindir. Bu kapsamda bulu\u015fma adreslerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, yap\u0131lacak operasyonlar\u0131n \u00f6nceden bildirilmesi, \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yurt i\u00e7inde saklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yer temini, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan organizasyonlar, himmet toplant\u0131lar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nan veya meslekten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131na para temini, Fethullah G\u00fclen’in talimat ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’yi ter\u00f6r\u00fc destekleyen \u00fclke gibi g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik faaliyette bulunan birtak\u0131m internet adreslerinin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu sitelerdeki anketlerin desteklenmesi, FET\u00d6\/PDY’ye y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalarda \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131klar\u0131n h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131nca serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131na m\u00fcdafii temin edilmesi, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinden kimlere operasyon yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve kimlerin de\u015fifre oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bilgilerin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, operasyon yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtimali olan yerlerde bulunulmamas\u0131 ve bu yerlerdeki \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli dijital verilerin arama-tarama mesul\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ki\u015filerce \u00f6nceden temizlenmesi, kamu kurumlar\u0131nda FET\u00d6\/PDY aleyhine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren veya yap\u0131lanmayla m\u00fccadele edenlerin fi\u015flenmesi, de\u015fifre oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ByLock ileti\u015fim sisteminin kullan\u0131m\u0131na son verilece\u011fi ve Eagle, Dingdong ve Tango gibi alternatif programlara ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haber verilmesi, yap\u0131lanmaya mensup ki\u015filerin savunmalar\u0131nda kullanabilmeleri amac\u0131yla hukuki metinler haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctsel niteli\u011fi olan mesajlar g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u0130T’in yasal yetkisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde temin etti\u011fi ByLock veri taban\u0131 \u00fczerindeki incelemeler sonucunda, ByLock sunucusunun IP’lerine ba\u011flanmalar\u0131 nedeniyle sunucunun log kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda tutulan IP adreslerine ait abone bilgileri belirlenebildi\u011fi gibi ByLock sunucusunda kayd\u0131 olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n User-ID numaralar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre bilgileri, sisteme ba\u011flant\u0131 tarihleri (log kay\u0131tlar\u0131), User-ID ekleyen di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lara ait bilgiler (roster kay\u0131tlar\u0131), ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu ya da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gruplar, mesaj i\u00e7erikleri gibi verilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ya da t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tespiti ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, KOM Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ya da t\u00fcm\u00fc tespit edilen bu verilerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi sonucunda, sistem taraf\u0131ndan atanan User-ID numaras\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte hangi kullan\u0131c\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve bu kabul\u00fc sa\u011flayan verilerin neler oldu\u011fu hususunda d\u00fczenlenen ByLock tespit ve de\u011ferlendirme tutana\u011f\u0131nda yer alan bilgiler, sisteme dahil oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ByLock kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte kim oldu\u011funa ve bu ki\u015finin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7erisindeki hiyerar\u015fik konumuna y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli bilgiler i\u00e7erebilmektedir.
\nBununla birlikte, ByLock sistemine dair yukar\u0131da belirtilen teknik analizler ve kronolojik rapor dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; ger\u00e7ekte ByLock sistemine (a\u011f\u0131na) dahil olan ki\u015finin, T\u00fcrkiye’ye ait olmayan IP’ler \u00fczerinden ByLock sistemine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 nedeniyle, ByLock IP’lerine ba\u011flant\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lamayabilece\u011fi gibi, KOM birimlerince ByLock sunucu verileri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan incelemenin hen\u00fcz sonu\u00e7lanmamas\u0131 veya bu incelemelere ra\u011fmen bu ki\u015fiye ait olan verilerin kurtar\u0131lamamas\u0131 – \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenememesi nedenleriyle User-ID numaras\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, \u015fifre, log kay\u0131tlar\u0131, roster bilgileri veya mesaj i\u00e7erikleri gibi verilerin hen\u00fcz tespit edilememi\u015f olmas\u0131 ya da incelemeye ra\u011fmen tespit edilememesi de s\u00f6z konusu olabilmektedir. Ancak bu durumda dahi, ba\u015fka kullan\u0131c\u0131lara ait kurtar\u0131lan – \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenen roster kay\u0131tlar\u0131, mesajlar vb. verilerin i\u00e7eri\u011finin de\u011ferlendirilmesi sonucunda, ByLock program\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde kendisine ait veriler hen\u00fcz bulunamayan ya da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenemeyen di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n da kim olduklar\u0131 tespit edilebilmekte, b\u00f6ylelikle ba\u015fta kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 belli olmayan bir User-ID numaras\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte kime ait oldu\u011fu da belirlenebilmektedir. Ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 bu \u015fekilde belirlenen User-ID numaralar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak da Bylock tespit ve de\u011ferlendirme tutanaklar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, Bylock tespit ve de\u011ferlendirme tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinden \u00f6nceki bir tarihte, failin abonesi oldu\u011fu bir ADSL ya da GSM aboneli\u011fi \u00fczerinden ByLock sistemine ba\u011flant\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sisteme kay\u0131t yap\u0131larak User-ID numaras\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenerek bir User-ID numaras\u0131n\u0131n faille (abone) e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kural olarak bu y\u00f6ndeki tutana\u011fa istinaden de ilgili abonenin ByLock User-ID numaras\u0131 alarak sisteme dahil oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
ByLock sunucusuna ait 9 adet IP adresine T\u00fcrkiye IP’lerinden ba\u011flanan abonelerin bu ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na dair internet trafik kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren ve operat\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan tutulan CGNAT (HIS) kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ise bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u00fcst veridir. Bu veriler; aboneye ait IP adresinin ByLock sunucusuna ait IP adreslerine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirledi\u011finden, ki\u015finin ByLock sistemine dahil olmu\u015f olabilece\u011fi konusunda \u00f6nemli bir emare olmakla birlikte, IP adreslerine ba\u011flant\u0131 yapman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde ilgili aboneye sisteme dahil olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in User-ID numaras\u0131 atan\u0131p atanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve atanm\u0131\u015fsa bu numaran\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu konusunda bilgi i\u00e7ermemektedir.<\/p>\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, KOM’un ByLock sunucu verileri \u00fczerinde devam eden incelemelerinin hen\u00fcz tamamlanmamas\u0131 ya da incelemeye ra\u011fmen verinin kurtar\u0131lamamas\u0131 \u2013 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenememesi nedeniyle ki\u015finin herhangi bir User-ID numaras\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirilemedi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde de, ByLock sunucusuna ait IP’lere ba\u011flant\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda tespit edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu durumda ki\u015finin, ByLock sistemine ba\u011flanma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir hareketi olmakla birlikte hen\u00fcz kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre olu\u015fturmak suretiyle User-ID numaras\u0131 almad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle sisteme dahil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da ger\u00e7ekte User-ID numaras\u0131 al\u0131p hen\u00fcz veriler \u00fczerindeki incelemenin devam etmesi veya verilerin kurtar\u0131lamamas\u0131 \u2013 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenememesi nedenleriyle bu User-ID numaras\u0131n\u0131n kendisiyle e\u015fle\u015ftirilemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, ByLock sunucular\u0131na tuzak y\u00f6ntemlerle (Morbeyin vb.) y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi sonucuna da ula\u015f\u0131labilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, ByLock kronoloji raporundan; CGNAT kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ByLock sunucusuna ait IP’lere ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenen GSM abonelerinden 11.480 GSM abonesinin, ByLock IP’lerine olan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Morbeyin uygulamalar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finin tespitine ili\u015fkin bilgilendirme yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ilgililerin soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma dosyalar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gelinen noktada, tek ba\u015f\u0131na delil olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde, ki\u015finin ByLock sistemine (a\u011f\u0131na) dahil oldu\u011funun belirlenebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00f6ncelikle ByLock sunucusunda kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir User-ID numaras\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiyle e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesine dair veriler i\u00e7eren ByLock tespit ve de\u011ferlendirme tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n; bu belgenin bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde de varsa san\u0131\u011fa ait oldu\u011fu belirlenen ByLock User-ID numaras\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir tutana\u011f\u0131n getirtilerek tutanaklarda yer alan veriler usul\u00fcnce san\u0131\u011fa anlat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra san\u0131k ve varsa m\u00fcdafisinden diyeceklerinin sorulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla, failin bilerek ve isteyerek ByLock sunucusunda kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir User-ID ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi; ByLock sistemine dahil olup ancak bir \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin sahip olabilece\u011fi gizli haberle\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131na kavu\u015ftu\u011funun, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla en az\u0131ndan FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in gerekli ve yeterli olacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu a\u011fa dahil olan ki\u015filerin a\u011f i\u00e7erisinde ba\u015fka ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filerle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme i\u00e7eriklerinin olmas\u0131 da aranmayacakt\u0131r. ByLock sistemine dahil olan failler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden sistem i\u00e7erisindeki haberle\u015fmelerin kimlerle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u00e7eriklerinin tespiti ise ancak fail hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct y\u00f6neticili\u011finden dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve failin \u00f6rg\u00fct y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011funun belirlenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mevcut delillerin yetersiz g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi h\u00e2linde yol g\u00f6sterici olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b) Genel Olarak \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn Yarg\u0131 Yap\u0131lanmas\u0131, HSK ve Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme \u00dcyelikleri Se\u00e7imleri<\/p>\n
FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle ilgili olarak \u00fclke sath\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalarda elde edilen dijital veriler, tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131, haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ki\u015filerin etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda verdikleri ifadelerle, \u00f6rg\u00fcte ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131k kaynaklara da yans\u0131yan bilgiler do\u011frultusunda ve Anayasal d\u00fczende devletin \u00fc\u00e7 kuvvetinden biri olan yarg\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevinden ileri gelen \u00f6nemi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn, yarg\u0131sal mekanizmalara egemen olma faaliyetlerini, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti\u2019nin t\u00fcm Anayasal kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6nelik nih\u00e2i amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve basamak olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri Fetullah G\u00fclen’in a\u00e7\u0131k kaynaklara da yans\u0131yan \u201cOrada icab\u0131nda mahkemenin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne getireceksin, avucuna alacaks\u0131n, arkada\u015flara diyorum ki ben ‘Belki bin d\u00f6kt\u00fcreceksin, geriye biri d\u00f6necek, 1 milyar vereceksiniz, 10 milyonluk tazminat davas\u0131 alacaks\u0131n\u0131z, \u00f6nemli olan mahkum etmektir yani, avukat da kiralayacaks\u0131n\u0131z, hakim de kiralayacaks\u0131n\u0131z… D\u00fcnyada sat\u0131n al\u0131nmayacak adam yoktur. Sadece fiyatlar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Birini az fiyata birini \u00e7ok fiyata al\u0131rs\u0131n\u201d \u015feklindeki beyan\u0131, yarg\u0131da kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kadrola\u015fma ve bu erke egemen olma hususlar\u0131nda verdi\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctsel talimatlardan biridir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fctsel kadrola\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan; FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan kendi mensuplar\u0131na h\u00e2kimlik ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131navlar\u0131na girmeleri konusunda telkinlerde bulunuldu\u011fu, \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu \u00f6\u011frencilere h\u00e2kimlik ve savc\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 kazanmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kendilerine referans olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi, m\u00fclakat\u0131 ge\u00e7ip staja ba\u015flayan \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 adaylar\u0131n\u0131n Adalet Akademisi ve staj d\u00f6neminde de yine \u00f6rg\u00fct taraf\u0131ndan koordine edildi\u011fi, s\u00f6z konusu adaylar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu olduklar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na, fakat \u00f6rg\u00fctle irtibat\u0131 koparmayacak \u015fekilde ev tutmalar\u0131n\u0131n tavsiye edildi\u011fi, adaylar\u0131n be\u015fer ki\u015filik kapal\u0131 gruplar h\u00e2linde \u00f6rg\u00fct taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilen evlerde kalmalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu kapsamda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re iki evin irtibat h\u00e2linde olmas\u0131n\u0131n istendi\u011fi, bu evlere murak\u0131p ad\u0131 verilen \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu ki\u015filerin gelerek evde kalan adaylardan bilgi al\u0131p tavsiyelerde bulunduklar\u0131,<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, \u00f6rg\u00fcte ait \u0131\u015f\u0131k evlerinin il baz\u0131nda eyalet ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birden \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her b\u00f6lgenin sekiz il\u00e2 on evi kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6lgelerden sorumlu ki\u015filere b\u00f6lge abisi\/ablas\u0131 ad\u0131 verildi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Adalet Akademisi staj\u0131nda adaylar\u0131 staj d\u00f6nemlerine g\u00f6re ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu adaylara T\u00fcrkiye Adalet Akademisi yurdunda kalmalar\u0131 tavsiye edilerek bu ki\u015filerden, \u00f6rg\u00fct lehine ya da aleyhine konu\u015fan aday arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bildirilmesinin istendi\u011fi, her d\u00f6nemin sorumlu abisinin\/ablas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, evlere gelen \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu murak\u0131plar\u0131n adaylara dinsel ve sosyal davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan telkinde bulunduklar\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n T1, T2, T3, T4 ve T5 \u015feklinde kategorize edilerek ta\u015fra ve devre yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu, bu yap\u0131lanmalarda belirli aral\u0131klarla organizasyon ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
FET\u00d6\/PDY Silahl\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de benzer \u015fekilde bir yap\u0131lanma i\u00e7erisinde hareket etti\u011fi, bu durumun Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Narkotik Su\u00e7larla M\u00fccadele \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce d\u00fczenlenen 03.05.2018 tarihli rapordan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu rapora g\u00f6re; \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00dcyelerinin g\u00f6rev yapmakta olduklar\u0131 hukuk ve ceza dairelerine g\u00f6re gruplar olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu, y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 eski \u00fcyelerini ald\u0131klar\u0131 kod isimler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (H1, H2, H3, C1, C2, C3, C4) \u015feklinde grupland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00dcyelerinin g\u00f6revde bulunduklar\u0131 zaman i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Daireleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, “H” kod ad\u0131 ile isimlendirilenlerin Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Dairelerinde, “C” kod ad\u0131 ile isimlendirilenlerin Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Dairelerinde g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131klar\u0131, isimlendirmelerde yer alan 0, 1, 2, 3 rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n grup i\u00e7erisindeki hiyerar\u015fiye ili\u015fkin s\u0131ralamay\u0131, “0” ile kodlaman\u0131n ise grup sorumlusunu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, harf ve rakam ile grupland\u0131rmalardan sonra (C3, H2 vb.) baz\u0131 isimlendirmelerde kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 ve soyad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f harflerinin eklenmesi suretiyle kod ad\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu, “D” harfi ile yap\u0131lan grupland\u0131rman\u0131n “Dan\u0131\u015fma Heyetinde” bulunanlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk ve Ceza Daireleri genel sorumlusunun “59344 ID” numaral\u0131 ByLock hesab\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay eski \u00dcyesi Ali Ak\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve bu ki\u015finin “Dan\u0131\u015fma Heyeti” ile di\u011fer gruplarda bulunanlar\u0131n irtibat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi,
\nYine, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulu \u00dcyelerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imle belirlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, \u00f6rg\u00fct taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikle bu se\u00e7imlerdeki, ard\u0131ndan da bu Kurul taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcyeleri belirlenen y\u00fcksek mahkemelerdeki kadrola\u015fmaya \u00f6nem verildi\u011fi, bu do\u011frultuda 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki HSK \u00dcyeli\u011fi se\u00e7imleri s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131nca toplant\u0131 ve di\u011fer organizasyonlar d\u00fczenlenerek hem HSK \u00dcyeli\u011fi, hem de ard\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek mahkeme \u00fcyeliklerinin belirlenmesi hususunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fctsel etkinli\u011fin ve bask\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131sal mekanizmalarda devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki HSK se\u00e7imlerinde de hem h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131nca hem de y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 \u00fcyelerince yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3- Hata H\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde Silahl\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00dcyeli\u011fi Su\u00e7unun De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/p>\n
Bir su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, ba\u015ftan itibaren su\u00e7 i\u015flemek \u00fczere kurulmu\u015f illegal bir yap\u0131 olabilece\u011fi gibi, legal olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte olan bir sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn sonradan bir su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne, hatta ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu kapsamda \u00f6nceden var olan ancak hakk\u0131nda karar verilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kamuoyu taraf\u0131ndan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hukuki varl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131 mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan verilecek karara ba\u011fl\u0131 ise de \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurucusu, y\u00f6neticileri ya da \u00fcyeleri; kurulu\u015f tarihinden veya me\u015fru ama\u00e7larla kurulup daha sonra su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc andan itibaren ceza hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu olacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7unun do\u011frudan kastla i\u015flenebildi\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek, hukuki zeminde faaliyet g\u00f6steren ve nihai amac\u0131n\u0131 gizli tutmas\u0131 nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bilinmeyen yap\u0131lara dahil olan \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, olu\u015fumun bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu\u011funu bilmediklerini iddia etmeleri durumunda, TCK’n\u0131n 30. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan hata h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca de\u011ferlendirme yapmak gerekecektir.
\n5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n “Hata” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 30. maddesi \u00fc\u00e7 f\u0131kra h\u00e2linde;<\/p>\n
“Fiilin icras\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda su\u00e7un kanun\u00ee tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki madd\u00ee unsurlar\u0131 bilmeyen bir kimse, kasten hareket etmi\u015f olmaz. Bu hata dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taksirli sorumluluk hali sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir su\u00e7un daha a\u011f\u0131r veya daha az cezay\u0131 gerektiren nitelikli h\u00e2llerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi hususunda hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015fi, bu hatas\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r.
\nCeza sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131ran veya azaltan nedenlere ait ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi hususunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015fi, bu hatas\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r.” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f iken, 08.07.2005 tarihli ve 25869 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5377 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 4. maddesi ile eklenen; “\u0130\u015fledi\u011fi fiilin haks\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hususunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015fi, cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmaz” bi\u00e7imindeki d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra ile son h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Maddede \u00e7e\u015fitli hata h\u00e2lleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131nda hataya ili\u015fkin h\u00fckme yer verilmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130kinci f\u0131kra ile, ki\u015finin su\u00e7un daha a\u011f\u0131r veya daha az cezay\u0131 gerektiren nitelikli h\u00e2llerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi hususundaki hatas\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, buna g\u00f6re, karde\u015fi oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fi bir ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcren failin, kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7unun nitelikli h\u00e2llerinden olan karde\u015fini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten de\u011fil, kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrmenin temel \u015feklinden sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131, de\u011fersiz zannederek de\u011ferli bir kolyeyi \u00e7alan fail hakk\u0131nda ise de\u011fer azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 ilke olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada, ceza sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131ran veya azaltan nedenlere ait \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi konusunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015finin, bu hatas\u0131ndan yararlanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup f\u0131krada hem hukuka uygunluk sebebinin maddi \u015fartlar\u0131nda hata, hem de kusurlulu\u011fu etkileyen hata h\u00e2lleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Failin bu f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fcnden yararlanabilmesi i\u00e7in bulundu\u011fu durum itibar\u0131yla hatas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Maddeye 5377 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’la eklenen d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada ise, ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi fiilden dolay\u0131 kusurlu ve sorumlu tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in, bu fiilin bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011funu bilmesi gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re fail, i\u015fledi\u011fi fiilin haks\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011fu konusunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle, eyleminin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, haks\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, me\u015fru oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle hareket etmi\u015fse ve bu yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz nitelikte ise art\u0131k cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Hatan\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funun belirlenmesinde, ki\u015finin bilgi d\u00fczeyi, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc e\u011fitim, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ki\u015finin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fmesi \u015fart\u0131 aranmakta olup hatan\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 durumunda ki\u015fi kusurlu say\u0131lacak, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle fiilden dolay\u0131 sorumlu tutulacak, ancak bu hata temel cezan\u0131n belirlenmesinde dikkate al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Konumuza ili\u015fkin olarak maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ele al\u0131nmas\u0131nda fayda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde; “Kast, su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki madd\u00ee unsurlar\u0131n bilerek ve istenerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesidir. Bu unsurlara ili\u015fkin bilgisizlik, eksik veya yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi sahibi olunmas\u0131 durumu ise, madd\u00ee unsurlarda hata olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir hata kast\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na engel olur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ki\u015fi vestiyerden kendisininki zannederek ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n paltosunu al\u0131r. Keza, ki\u015fi gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda vah\u015fi bir hayvan zann\u0131yla hareketli bir cisme ate\u015f eder. Ancak, ger\u00e7ekte bu hareket eden cisim bir insand\u0131r ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; bu insan \u00f6l\u00fcr veya yaralan\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak verilen bu olaylarda failin bilgisi ger\u00e7e\u011fe uysayd\u0131; i\u015fledi\u011fi fiil haks\u0131zl\u0131k te\u015fkil etmeyecekti. Bu nedenle hata h\u00e2linde kasten i\u015flenmi\u015f bir su\u00e7tan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
F\u0131krada ayr\u0131ca, madd\u00ee unsurlarda hata h\u00e2linde, taksirle sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fckme yer verilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, meydana gelen neticeye ili\u015fkin olarak gerekli dikkat ve \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir netice ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmazd\u0131 \u015feklinde bir yarg\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131labiliyorsa; taksirle i\u015flenmi\u015f bir su\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusu olur. Ancak bu durumda neticenin taksirle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin kanunda su\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu nedenle, kendisinin sanarak ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7antas\u0131n\u0131 alan ki\u015finin yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131nda taksirin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilse bile; kanunda h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k fiilinin ancak yararlanma kasd\u0131yla i\u015flenebilece\u011fi belirtildi\u011fi i\u00e7in; b\u00f6yle bir olay dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ceza sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011fmayacakt\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, av hayvan\u0131 zannederek ger\u00e7ekte bir insana ate\u015f edip onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan ki\u015finin bu hatas\u0131nda taksiri varsa, adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme kanunda taksirle i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7 olarak da tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, b\u00f6yle bir olayda fail, taksirle adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 sorumlu tutulacakt\u0131r…” a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kast su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki unsurlar\u0131n bilerek ve istenerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi olup bu unsurlara ili\u015fkin bilgisizlik, eksik ya da hatal\u0131 bilgi, maddi unsurlara ili\u015fkin bir hatad\u0131r. Bu hatan\u0131n kast\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na engel olacak d\u00fczeyde bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde san\u0131\u011fa ceza verilmeyecektir. Su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin hata, eylemin su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmesi i\u00e7in bulunmas\u0131 zorunlu hususlara ili\u015fkin bir yan\u0131lmad\u0131r. Maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde, hata dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taksirli sorumluluk h\u00e2linin sakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtildi\u011finden, taksirle de i\u015flenebilen bir su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131nda tedbirsizlik ve dikkatsizlik sonucu hataya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi kusurlulu\u011fu ortadan kald\u0131rmayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, gerekli dikkat ve \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermeden gece g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc karart\u0131ya av hayvan\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek ate\u015f eden ve bir ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan fail, taksirle \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeden sorumlu olacakt\u0131r.
\n\u00d6\u011fretide bu konuya ili\u015fkin olarak; “Su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin hata, eylemin su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmesi i\u00e7in bulunmas\u0131 zorunlu hususlara ili\u015fkin bir yan\u0131lmad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ziyarete giden bir kimsenin, arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n konutuna girmesi.”<\/p>\n
(Artuk\/G\u00f6kcen\/Yenid\u00fcnya, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 7. Bask\u0131, s. 522), “Su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131nda hata (unsur yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131), m\u00fc\u015fahhas bir olayda su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131na m\u00fcteallik hususlardaki bilgisizli\u011fi, eksik veya yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiyi ifade eder. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, faildeki m\u00fc\u015fahhas olaya ili\u015fkin tasavvurun ger\u00e7ekle ba\u011fda\u015fmamas\u0131 h\u00e2lidir. Bu hata, su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin kast\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Bu hata h\u00e2linde kasten i\u015flenmi\u015f bir haks\u0131zl\u0131ktan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Failin bilgisi veya tasavvuru ger\u00e7e\u011fe uysayd\u0131; i\u015fledi\u011fi fiilin bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k te\u015fkil etmeyece\u011fi muhakkak olmal\u0131d\u0131r” (\u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu Gazi \u015eerhi Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Se\u00e7kin, 1. Bask\u0131, 2005, s. 421) \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Failin isnat olunan su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin hatas\u0131 esasl\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle kabul edilebilir bir hata olursa, bu takdirde fail TCK’n\u0131n 30. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca bu hatas\u0131ndan yaralanacak, bunun sonucu olarak y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kasten hareket etmi\u015f say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan ve su\u00e7un taksirle i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2li de kanunda cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131yor ise CMK’n\u0131n 223. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (c) bendi gere\u011fince beraat\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
Ceza Genel Kurulunun 26.09.2017 tarihli ve 956-370 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;<\/p>\n
FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, Devletin Anayasal d\u00fczenini cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek olan niha\u00ee amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u201cmahrem alan\u201d \u015feklinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve devletin silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerindeki unsurlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gerekli ve yeterli \u00f6rg\u00fctsel g\u00fcce sahip oldu\u011fu hususunda teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn bu ama\u00e7 ve y\u00f6ntemlerini bilen \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctteki konumlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme piramidine g\u00f6re, be\u015f, alt\u0131 ve yedinci kat ve kural olarak \u00fc\u00e7 ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc katlarda bulunan \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n bu durumda olduklar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekmektedir. Ancak \u00f6nce din\u00ee bir k\u00fclt, ard\u0131ndan da ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc h\u00e2line d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen FET\u00d6\/PDY\u2019nin, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir ahl\u00e2k ve e\u011fitim hareketi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve genellikle b\u00f6yle alg\u0131lanmas\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn gayr\u0131 me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gizleyip alenen kriminalize olmamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurucusu ve y\u00f6neticisi Fethullah G\u00fclen hakk\u0131nda Ankara 11. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesince verilen beraat karar\u0131n\u0131n onanarak kesinle\u015fmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6zde me\u015fruiyet vitrini olarak kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer katlardaki \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilinip bilinmedi\u011finin olaysal olarak TCK\u2019n\u0131n 30. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda s\u00f6z konusu de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar, FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile ilgili dava dosyalar\u0131nda yer alan belgeler, mahkemelerce karara ba\u011flanan davalar, bu davalarda dinlenen itiraf\u00e7\u0131 san\u0131klar\u0131n savunmalar\u0131, tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 ve benzer pek \u00e7ok kaynakta yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu olan kamu g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn nihai amac\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konularak devleti ve h\u00fck\u00fbmeti a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a hedef alan ter\u00f6r faaliyetlerinin icra edilmesi, bu faaliyetlerin \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ve bas\u0131n yay\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u00fcstlenilmesi gibi sansasyonel olaylar\u0131n kamuoyunun g\u00fcndemini uzunca bir s\u00fcre me\u015fgul edip yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nitelikli \u00e7ok say\u0131da olay aras\u0131nda, 7 \u015eubat 2012 tarihli M\u0130T krizi, gayri hukuki ileti\u015fimin dinlenmesi kararlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elde edilmi\u015f hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulgulara dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve su\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n da olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleriyle kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131na konu olan 17\/25 Aral\u0131k 2013 tarihli operasyonlar ile 1 Ocak ve 19 Ocak 2014 tarihli M\u0130T t\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 hadiselerini saymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunun 26.02.2014 ve daha sonraki tarihlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi m\u00fcteaddit toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda al\u0131nan ve kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lan kararlarda; FET\u00d6\/PDY\u2019nin, milli g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehdit eden ve kamu d\u00fczenini bozan, devlet i\u00e7erisinde legal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm alt\u0131nda illegal faaliyetler y\u00fcr\u00fcten, illegal ekonomik boyutu bulunan, di\u011fer ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu\u011funa dair de\u011ferlendirmelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile devletin t\u00fcm kurum ve birimleri ile birlikte etkin bir m\u00fccadele edilmesine dair kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 tespit ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fbmet yetkililerince de en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde benimsenip kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi olgular\u0131n da g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilmemesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
II- SANIK VE M\u00dcDAF\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N A\u015eAMALARDAK\u0130 USUL\u0130 \u0130\u015eLEMLERE VE AD\u0130L YARGILANMA HAKKININ \u0130HL\u00c2L\u0130NE DA\u0130R SAV VE \u0130T\u0130RAZLARININ \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
1- SAV: San\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisi; Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyelerinin a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li hari\u00e7 yakalanamayacaklar\u0131, sorguya \u00e7ekilemeyecekleri ve tutuklanamayacaklar\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini, su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u olup yarg\u0131laman\u0131n Y\u00fcce Divan s\u0131fat\u0131yla Anayasa Mahkemesince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, kovu\u015fturma makamlar\u0131n\u0131n kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnameyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin ve yarg\u0131laman\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesince yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de kanuni h\u00e2kim ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.
\nDe\u011ferlendirme;<\/p>\n
San\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin s\u00f6z konusu itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, konunun geni\u015f bir perspektif i\u00e7erisinde ve birka\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131k h\u00e2linde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
A- Yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n
Devletin hukuk d\u00fczeninin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini ve korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layan yarg\u0131 fonksiyonunun, bireylerin kendi aralar\u0131nda ya da devletle olan hukuk\u00ee uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak \u00e7\u00f6zme niteli\u011fine sahip olmas\u0131, bu fonksiyonu ifa eden devlet organlar\u0131n\u0131n da buna uygun niteliklerle donat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir (B\u00fclent Tan\u00f6r – Necmi Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131o\u011flu, 1982 Anayasas\u0131na G\u00f6re T\u00fcrk Anayasa Hukuku, 17. Bas\u0131, Beta Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, \u015eubat 2018, s. 476). Nitekim, Anayasa’n\u0131n “Yarg\u0131 Yetkisi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 9. maddesinde bu husus “Yarg\u0131 yetkisi, T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z mahkemelerce kullan\u0131l\u0131r” bi\u00e7iminde ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa’n\u0131n 142. maddesinde, mahkemelerin kurulu\u015funun, g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin, i\u015fleyi\u015finin ve yarg\u0131lama usullerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte, yarg\u0131 kollar\u0131nda yer alan Y\u00fcksek Mahkemeler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kanunilik esas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bu mahkemelerin niteliklerine, \u00fcyelerin ne \u015fekilde atanaca\u011f\u0131na ya da se\u00e7ilece\u011fine, g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin neler oldu\u011funa dair konular do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Anayasa’da h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizdeki yarg\u0131 kollar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan adli yarg\u0131; di\u011fer yarg\u0131 kollar\u0131n\u0131n (anayasa yarg\u0131s\u0131 ve idari yarg\u0131n\u0131n) g\u00f6revine girmeyen davalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi\u011fi ola\u011fan ve genel yarg\u0131 kolu olup te\u015fkil\u00e2t yap\u0131s\u0131 ilk derece mahkemeleri, b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemeleri ve Yarg\u0131tay olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 derecelidir (Kemal G\u00f6zler, T\u00fcrk Anayasa Hukuku, 3. Bask\u0131, Ekin Bas\u0131n Yay\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m, Ocak 2019, s. 1033-1034).
\nAnayasa’n\u0131n 154. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Yarg\u0131tay, adli yarg\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Anayasal boyutta ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z bir mahkeme olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yarg\u0131sal g\u00f6revleri ayn\u0131 maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; “Yarg\u0131tay, adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 merciine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son inceleme merciidir. Kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara da ilk ve son derece mahkemesi olarak bakar.” \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyelerinin birinci s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f adli yarg\u0131 h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131 ile bu meslekten say\u0131lanlar aras\u0131ndan Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulunca \u00fcye tamsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ile ve gizli oyla se\u00e7ilece\u011fi, be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu mahkemenin kurulu\u015funun, i\u015fleyi\u015finin, Ba\u015fkan, ba\u015fkanvekilleri, daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri ile Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekilinin niteliklerinin ve se\u00e7im usullerinin, mahkemelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hakimlik teminat\u0131 esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Anayasa’da yer alan bu d\u00fczenlemeler do\u011frultusunda haz\u0131rlanan 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015ftay Kanunu 08.02.1983 tarihli ve 17953 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f, bu Kanun’un 1. maddesinde Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n, adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 mercisine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son inceleme mercisi olup, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131 ile bu Kanun ve di\u011fer kanunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6rev yapan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir y\u00fcksek mahkeme oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylelikle, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n Anayasa’da ve 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da tan\u0131mlanan temel g\u00f6revleri, fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve bu kapsamda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan yarg\u0131sal yetkileri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; genel olarak devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda, \u00f6zelde de yarg\u0131 kollar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan son derece \u00f6zel ve hassas makamlardan biri oldu\u011funda ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B- Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyelerinin Hukuk\u00ee Durumlar\u0131 ve Adli Su\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u0130lgili Soru\u015fturma ve Kovu\u015fturma Usul\u00fcne Dair 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nda Yer Alan D\u00fczenlemeler<\/p>\n
Adaletin kendisinin ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n toplumdaki \u00f6neminin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak h\u00e2kimlik mesle\u011fi, toplum hayat\u0131nda her zaman \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere ve g\u00f6reve sahip olmu\u015ftur. H\u00e2kim; bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zerken, su\u00e7luyu tespit edip cezaland\u0131r\u0131rken, bir hakk\u0131 sahibine teslim ederken ki\u015filerin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine, bireysel ya da toplumsal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131na herkesten \u00e7ok daha fazla temas edebilmektedir. Yine h\u00e2kim, yarg\u0131lama ve h\u00fck\u00fcm verme yetkisini kullan\u0131rken devlet ile bireyler aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ba\u011flamakta ve bu ba\u011flamda devlet organlar\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkinin hukukili\u011fini denetleyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle h\u00e2kimlik mesle\u011fi, \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fc olarak Anayasa ile teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 138. maddesinde \u201cmahkemelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, 139. maddesinde \u201ch\u00e2kimlik ve savc\u0131l\u0131k teminat\u0131\u201d konular\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcvencelere yer verilmi\u015f, 140. maddesinde ise \u201ch\u00e2kimlik ve savc\u0131l\u0131k mesle\u011fi\u201d hakk\u0131nda bu g\u00fcvenceler do\u011frultusunda d\u00fczenlemeler getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
H\u00e2kimlerin su\u00e7 i\u015flemeleri h\u00e2linde cezai sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f hukuk sistemlerinin ortak kabul\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir h\u00e2kimin g\u00f6reviyle ilgili ya da ki\u015fisel bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup bu durumda ki\u015finin h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7un yapt\u0131r\u0131ms\u0131z kalmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Bu nedenledir ki, hukuk sistemimiz i\u00e7inde h\u00e2kimlerin g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili ya da ki\u015fisel nitelikte i\u015fledikleri ve su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan eylemlere ili\u015fkin Anayasa, 2802 say\u0131l\u0131 H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kanunu, 6087 say\u0131l\u0131 H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulu Kanunu ve 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu gibi kanunlarla kural olarak \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usulleri ve mercileri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyelerinin hukuk\u00ee durumlar\u0131 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup gelinen noktada, an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un, Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyelerine at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n kovu\u015fturma usullerine ili\u015fkin su\u00e7 tarihi itibar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan ve sonradan de\u011fi\u015ftirilen h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklere dair gerek\u00e7elerin irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Gerek Anayasa’n\u0131n 154. gerekse Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 1. maddelerine g\u00f6re, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir y\u00fcksek mahkeme olan Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 ve genel g\u00f6revi, adliye mahkemelerince verilen ve kanunun ba\u015fka bir adli yarg\u0131 merciine b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin son inceleme mercii olup bu bak\u0131mdan Yarg\u0131tay Dairelerinin ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lama yapmas\u0131 tali bir g\u00f6revdir. S\u00f6z konusu tali g\u00f6rev, Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun \u201cYarg\u0131tay Daire ve Kurullar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6revleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan \u201cYarg\u0131tay\u0131n g\u00f6revleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 13. maddesinin ikinci bendinde; \u201cYarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyeleri ile Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekili ve \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131nda belirtilen kimseler aleyhindeki g\u00f6revden do\u011fan tazminat davalar\u0131na ve bunlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131na ait ceza davalar\u0131na ve kanunlarda g\u00f6sterilen di\u011fer davalara ilk ve son derece mahkemesi olarak bakmak\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu do\u011frultuda, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un \u201cHukuk ve Ceza Genel Kurullar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6revleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca; \u201cYarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyeleri, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 ve Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekili ile yarg\u0131lama g\u00f6revi \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131nca Yarg\u0131tay Genel Kurullar\u0131na verilen ki\u015filere ait davalar\u0131 ilk mahkeme olarak g\u00f6rmek ve h\u00fckme ba\u011flamak\u201d Ceza Genel Kurulu’nun g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015fken, su\u00e7 tarihinden sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 4. maddesiyle yap\u0131lan ve 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3. maddesiyle aynen kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fan d\u00fczenlemeyle ilgili f\u0131krada yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonucunda, Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalarda Genel Kurullar\u0131n g\u00f6revi; \u201c\u0130lk derece mahkemesi olarak ilgili dairelerce verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin temyiz yoluyla incelemesini yapmak\u201dla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylelikle 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da ve \u00f6zel kanunlarda say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin i\u015fledikleri ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Genel Kurullar\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lama yapma yetkisi kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fczenlemeyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un, Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkan\u0131, birinci ba\u015fkanvekilleri, daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, \u00fcyeleri, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 ve Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekilinin g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili veya ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lacak inceleme, soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usullerini d\u00fczenleyen 46. maddesi de su\u00e7 tarihi itibar\u0131yla;<\/p>\n
\u201cYarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkan\u0131, birinci ba\u015fkanvekilleri, daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, \u00fcyeleri, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 ve Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekilinin g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili veya ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturma yap\u0131labilmesi Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc hallerinin haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve ilk soru\u015fturmas\u0131 genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabidir.<\/p>\n
Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulu kendisine intikal eden veya ettirilen ihbar ve \u015fikayetleri inceleyerek soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir nitelikte g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde, ilk soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ceza dairesi ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan birini g\u00f6revlendirir. Aksi takdirde dosyan\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verir.<\/p>\n
Bu karar kesindir.<\/p>\n
Soru\u015fturma ile g\u00f6revlendirilen ba\u015fkan, soru\u015fturmay\u0131 ikmal ettikten sonra evrak\u0131 Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kuruluna g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n
Soru\u015fturmay\u0131 yapan ceza dairesi ba\u015fkan\u0131 sorgu hakiminin yetkisini haiz olup Ceza Muhakemeleri Usul\u00fc Kanununun ilk soru\u015fturmaya ait h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygular. Verece\u011fi tutuklama ve tutuklaman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya kefaletle sal\u0131vermeye ait kararlar\u0131 Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun onamas\u0131 ile tekemm\u00fcl eder.<\/p>\n
Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulu, inceledi\u011fi evrak\u0131 eksik bulursa soru\u015fturmay\u0131 yapan ba\u015fkana tamamlatt\u0131r\u0131r. Son soru\u015fturman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi takdirde evrak\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, aksi halde son soru\u015fturman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verir ve g\u00f6revle ilgili su\u00e7larda Anayasa Mahkemesine, ki\u015fisel su\u00e7larda Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kuruluna tevdi olunmak \u00fczere dosyay\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderir. Evrak\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na dair verilen kararlar kesindir.<\/p>\n
San\u0131k, Ceza Genel Kurulunca verilen karar\u0131n tefhim veya tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren onbe\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yeniden incelenmesini isteyebilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fken, bu maddenin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda 680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 5. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131larak bu ki\u015filerin ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131nda kovu\u015fturma makam\u0131 \u201cYarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u201d yerine \u201cYarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairesi\u201d olarak yeniden belirlenmi\u015f ve maddenin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik de 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 4. maddesiyle aynen kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Son olarak, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 46. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 bu kez 690 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 2. maddesiyle yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve bu f\u0131kra;<\/p>\n
\u201cA\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinin g\u00f6revine giren ki\u015fisel su\u00e7larla ilgili su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc halinde genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma sonucunda dosya, d\u00fczenlenen fezlekeyle birlikte Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir. H\u00e2kim karar\u0131 gerektiren i\u015flemlere dair Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n talepleri ile kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararlara yap\u0131lan itirazlar hakk\u0131nda, soru\u015fturma konusu su\u00e7lar\u0131n en a\u011f\u0131r\u0131na bakmakla g\u00f6revli Yarg\u0131tay ceza dairesini numara itibar\u0131yla izleyen ceza dairesi ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan karar verilir. Su\u00e7un son numaral\u0131 ceza dairesinin g\u00f6revine girmesi halinde talebi inceleme yetkisi Birinci Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131na aittir. H\u00e2kim karar\u0131 gerektiren i\u015flemlerde ba\u015fkan\u0131n verdi\u011fi kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itiraz\u0131 numara itibar\u0131yla izleyen ceza dairesi ba\u015fkan\u0131 inceler. Son numaral\u0131 daire ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n karar\u0131, Birinci Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan incelenir. \u0130ddianame haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kovu\u015fturma Yarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairesince yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d bi\u00e7iminde son h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015f ve bu d\u00fczenleme de 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 4. maddesiyle aynen kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un \u201cDairelerin G\u00f6revleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 14. maddesinde yine 680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 3. maddesiyle yap\u0131lan ve 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 2. maddesiyle aynen kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fan de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonucunda bu maddeye \u201cYarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesi olarak bakmakla g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu davalarda, i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011funun zorunlu k\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulu bir veya birden fazla daireyi sadece bu i\u015flere bakmak amac\u0131yla g\u00f6revlendirebilir. Bu durumda, g\u00f6revlendirilen dairenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu i\u015fler, bir sonraki takvim y\u0131l\u0131 beklenmeksizin Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fka dairelere verilebilir.\u201d bi\u00e7iminde (f) bendi eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 14 ve 46. maddelerinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u00fczerine toplanan Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunca \u00f6ncelikle 11.07.2017 tarih ve 245 say\u0131 ile; s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemelere yer verildikten sonra \u201ckovu\u015fturma i\u015flemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin g\u00f6revlendirilmesine\u201d karar verilmi\u015f ve bu karar 18.07.2017 tarihli ve 30127 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan da ayn\u0131 Kurul taraf\u0131ndan 03.10.2017 tarih ve 306 say\u0131 ile; “18.07.2017 tarih, 30127 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun 11.07.2017 tarihli ve 245 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki “Yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda” ibaresinden sonra gelmek \u00fczere “2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunun 46. maddesi uyar\u0131nca di\u011fer Dairelerin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na girmeyen ki\u015fisel su\u00e7larla ilgili yap\u0131lacak” ibaresinin eklenmesine karar verilerek Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n di\u011fer ceza dairelerinin kendi g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131na giren konularda ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lama yapacaklar\u0131 hususuna a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirilmi\u015f ve Yarg\u0131tay ceza daireleri aras\u0131nda bu konudaki yorum farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunca yap\u0131lan bu d\u00fczenlemelerle, ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan davalara ili\u015fkin hem temyiz incelemesi, hem de \u00e7ok say\u0131da ilk derece yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 yapmakta olan Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesinde bu davalar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fundan kaynaklanan zorunluluk nedeniyle, bu davalara ve 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 46. maddesi uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lamalara konu ki\u015filerin makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemeler ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc mahkeme kurulmas\u0131 niteli\u011finde olmay\u0131p herhangi bir dairenin bakmakla g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu su\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00f6rne\u011fin sahtecilik su\u00e7u a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ya\u015fanacak bir i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011funun getirece\u011fi zorunluluk kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ilgili ceza dairesinin bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131 ilk derece yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n da al\u0131nacak ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden kararlarla ba\u015fka bir ceza dairesine devredilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin i\u015fledikleri iddia olunan ki\u015fisel su\u00e7larla, \u00f6zellikle bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flenmesi durumuna ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usullerinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin gerek\u00e7eleri, s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fi\u015fikliklere dair ilgili maddeleri sonradan aynen kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fan 680 ve 690 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’lar\u0131n komisyon raporlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n komisyon raporlar\u0131nda, Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkan\u0131, birinci ba\u015fkanvekilleri, daire ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, \u00fcyeleri, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekili ve \u00f6zel kanunlarda say\u0131lan di\u011fer ki\u015filerin ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kovu\u015fturma makam\u0131n\u0131n \u201cYarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u201d yerine \u201cYarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairesi\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinde; bu ki\u015filerin ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131nda etkinli\u011fi art\u0131rman\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesi olarak bakmakla g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu davalarda, i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011funun zorunlu k\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun bir veya birden fazla daireyi sadece bu i\u015flere bakmak amac\u0131yla g\u00f6revlendirebilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeyle de Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n bu davalardan kaynaklanan i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn hafifletilmesinin hedeflendi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
690 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n komisyon raporlar\u0131nda da, bu KHK ile yap\u0131lan s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemelerle a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2llerinde ilgili ceza dairesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak kovu\u015fturmalarda Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturma ve iddianame d\u00fczenleme yetkisine a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirildi\u011fi, h\u00e2kim kararlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nma usul\u00fc ile bu kararlar ve takipsizlik kararlar\u0131na itirazlara bakacak mercilerin belirlendi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda;<\/p>\n
Konumuza ili\u015fkin olarak; Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyelerine at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un “a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinin g\u00f6revine giren su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li” kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmesi durumunda, bu su\u00e7un g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u ya da ki\u015fisel su\u00e7 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00e2lde soru\u015fturma ya da kovu\u015fturma izinleri al\u0131nmas\u0131na gerek bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da d\u00fczenlenen g\u00fcvenceler uygulanmaks\u0131z\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 46. maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201ca\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flenen ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u201d bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise kovu\u015fturma makam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilgili ceza dairesi olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
C- Silahl\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct Su\u00e7unun Niteli\u011fi, Soru\u015fturma ve Kovu\u015fturma Usul ve Makamlar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin CMK ve 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’lardaki D\u00fczenlemeler Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bu Su\u00e7un De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/p>\n
1) Silahl\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct Su\u00e7unun Nitelikleri<\/p>\n
a) Genel Olarak<\/p>\n
TCK\u2019n\u0131n 314. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak veya y\u00f6netmek ya da bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak fiilleri, TCK\u2019n\u0131n 220. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201csu\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma\u201d su\u00e7una nazaran daha a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren m\u00fcstakil su\u00e7lar olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lulu\u011fun \u00f6zel bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen “silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct” su\u00e7u ile ihl\u00e2l edilen ve ceza ile korunan hukuk\u00ee de\u011fer, devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00e7etele\u015ferek olu\u015fturulan tehlikeli su\u00e7 ve su\u00e7luluk ortam\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesine ili\u015fkin kamusal yarard\u0131r (Zeki Haf\u0131zo\u011fullar\u0131-Muharrem \u00d6zen, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler Millete ve Devlete Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar, 1. Bask\u0131, US-A Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara, 2016, s. 398-399).<\/p>\n
Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n istikrar kazanan uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re; devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, Anayasal d\u00fczeni ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fini koruma amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen dava konusu su\u00e7un, herhangi bir kamu g\u00f6reviyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6revden yararlan\u0131larak i\u015flenmesi zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, “\u00f6zg\u00fc su\u00e7” niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mayan bu su\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan failin memur olmas\u0131 su\u00e7un kurucu unsuru da de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7unun ki\u015fisel su\u00e7 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinin g\u00f6revi, 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Yarg\u0131 \u0130lk Derece Mahkemeleri ile B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun 12. maddesiyle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, bu maddeye g\u00f6re; “Kanunlar\u0131n ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6revli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2ller sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununda yer alan ya\u011fma (m. 148), irtik\u00e2p (m. 250\/1 ve 2), resm\u00ee belgede sahtecilik (m. 204\/2), nitelikli doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k (m. 158), hileli ifl\u00e2s (m. 161) su\u00e7lar\u0131, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun \u0130kinci Kitap D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rt, Be\u015f, Alt\u0131 ve Yedinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7lar (318, 319, 324, 325 ve 332. maddeler hari\u00e7) ve 12.4.1991 tarihli ve 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanununun kapsam\u0131na giren su\u00e7lar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar ile a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis, m\u00fcebbet hapis ve on y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larla ilgili dava ve i\u015flere bakmakla a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemeleri”nin g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 madde ile Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yarg\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filere ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler de sakl\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftur. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenleme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7unun a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinin g\u00f6revine giren su\u00e7lardan oldu\u011fu da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b) Su\u00e7 Teorisi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Silahl\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00dcyeli\u011fi Su\u00e7u<\/p>\n
ba- M\u00fctemadi Su\u00e7 Kavram\u0131<\/p>\n
Ceza hukuku doktrininde; kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan hukuki h\u00fck\u00fcmler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan ve hareket taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilmek veya engel olunmamak suretiyle olu\u015fturulan d\u0131\u015f alemdeki de\u011fi\u015fiklik, \u201cnetice\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Su\u00e7un maddi unsuru bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nacak netice ise, sadece su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131nda yer alan, hukuk\u00ee de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan d\u0131\u015f alemdeki de\u011fi\u015fikliktir (Sulhi D\u00f6nmezer – Sahir Erman, Nazar\u00ee ve Tatbik\u00ee Ceza Hukuku, Cilt II, 14. Bas\u0131, Der Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2019, s. 97; Kay\u0131han \u0130\u00e7el – F\u00fcsun Sokullu Ak\u0131nc\u0131 \u2013 \u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7 \u2013 Adem S\u00f6z\u00fcer \u2013 Fatih. S. Mahmuto\u011flu \u2013 Yener \u00dcnver, Su\u00e7 Teorisi, 2. Kitap, 2. Bas\u0131, Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2000, s. 67.).<\/p>\n
Doktrinde su\u00e7un sonu\u00e7 alt unsuru bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ayr\u0131mlardan biri; an\u00ee ve m\u00fctemadi (kesintisiz-s\u00fcrekli) su\u00e7 ayr\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re; hareketten do\u011fan neticenin devam etmeyip derhal sona erdi\u011fi su\u00e7lara an\u00ee su\u00e7, neticenin devam etti\u011fi su\u00e7lara ise m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7 ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, kesintisiz bir su\u00e7un varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in su\u00e7tan do\u011fan hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 durumun yani su\u00e7un eserinin bir s\u00fcre devam etmesi yeterli olmamaktad\u0131r. M\u00fctemadi su\u00e7ta devam eden \u015fey neticenin kendisi olup bu devam ettik\u00e7e su\u00e7 da i\u015flenmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kesintisiz su\u00e7lar, bu su\u00e7un hukuk\u00ee konusunu olu\u015fturan hak ve menfaatin ihl\u00e2line devam edildi\u011fi s\u00fcrece icra edilmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131rlar (Sulhi D\u00f6nmezer \u2013 Sahir Erman, s. 102.). Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen sonucun her \u00e2n yeniden meydana gelmesi, devam etmesi gerekmektedir (U\u011fur Alacakaptan, Su\u00e7un Unsurlar\u0131, Sevin\u00e7 Matbaas\u0131, Ankara, 1970, s. 48.). Alman doktrininde savunulan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden biri de; m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7larda su\u00e7 tipinde tarif edilen hareketin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla su\u00e7 kural olarak tamamlanmaktaysa da, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 durumun sonlanmas\u0131yla bitti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir (Bernd Heinrich, Ceza Hukuku Genel K\u0131s\u0131m \u2013 1, Cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilirli\u011fin Temel Esaslar\u0131 Tamamlanm\u0131\u015f ve Te\u015febb\u00fcs Edilen Su\u00e7larda Su\u00e7un Yap\u0131s\u0131, Edit\u00f6r: Yener \u00dcnver, Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara \u2013 2014, s. 95). Kunter’e g\u00f6re de, su\u00e7un bitme an\u0131 tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra gelmekte olup bitme an\u0131 temadinin bitti\u011fi and\u0131r (Nurullah Kunter, Su\u00e7un Maddi Unsurlar\u0131 Nazariyesi (Hareket \u2013 Netice \u2013 Sebebiyet Al\u00e2kas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1955, s. 94.).<\/p>\n
M\u00fctemadi su\u00e7un tan\u0131m\u0131na dair hem di\u011fer yabanc\u0131 hukuk doktrinlerinde, hem de T\u00fcrk Hukukunda birlik bulunmamaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z gelimi, bu su\u00e7larda hareketin devam etti\u011fi, neticenin devam etti\u011fi, hem hareket hem neticenin devam etti\u011fi ya da hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir (M. Emin Artuk \u2013 Ahmet G\u00f6kcen \u2013 M. Emin Al\u015fahin \u2013 Kerim \u00c7ak\u0131r, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 11. Bask\u0131, Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara \u2013 2017, s. 267.). Nitekim doktrinde \u00d6zgen\u00e7 ve Koca \u2013 \u00dcz\u00fclmez; neticenin hareketin bir sonucu oldu\u011funu, bu ba\u011flamda, neticenin devam\u0131n\u0131n hareketin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7ta devam eden \u015feyin netice de\u011fil, esasen su\u00e7un kanuni tan\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen hareket oldu\u011funu, b\u00f6ylelikle m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7un, kanuni tan\u0131mda g\u00f6sterilen hareketin icras\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi su\u00e7lar oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedirler (\u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 13. Bas\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Eyl\u00fcl 2017, s. 176; Mahmut Koca \u2013 \u0130lhan \u00dcz\u00fclmez, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 10. Bask\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2017, s. 123.).<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, Alman Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi 4. Ceza Dairesi, vergi su\u00e7lar\u0131na dair bir karar\u0131nda m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7u; \u201cFailin su\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 muayyen bir m\u00fcddet devam ettirmek iradesi ile fiili ika etmesi ve iradesinin de buna m\u00fcteveccih bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir\u201d \u015feklinde; \u0130svi\u00e7re Federal Mahkemesi ise; \u201cGayri hukuki durumu bertaraf etmek failin iktidar\u0131 dahilinde oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde, bu duruma nihayet vermedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet i\u00e7inde su\u00e7 i\u015flenmektedir\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130svi\u00e7re Federal Mahkemesi s\u00f6z konusu ifadeyle, m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7ta karakteristik olan \u00f6zelli\u011fin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 durumun devam etmesi oldu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Ayhan \u00d6nder, M\u00fctemadi Su\u00e7, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131, Cilt 29, Say\u0131: 1-2, 1963, s. 82.).<\/p>\n
M\u00fctemadi su\u00e7ta hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 durumun her an yeniden kendini yenilemesi failin iradi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n eseri olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7, failin iradi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda i\u015flenmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Kural olarak hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 duruma son verilmesi an\u0131, kesintinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, yani su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi and\u0131r (Zeki Haf\u0131zo\u011fullar\u0131 \u2013 Muharrem \u00d6zen, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 9. Bask\u0131, US-A Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara \u2013 2016, s. 189-190). Bu do\u011frultuda doktrinde benzer bi\u00e7imde, m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7larda fiilin icras\u0131 devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, fiilin ifade etti\u011fi haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da i\u015flenmeye devam etti\u011fi, sadece haks\u0131z duruma sebebiyet vermenin de\u011fil, onun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin de kanuni tipi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kabul edilmektedir (Mahmut Koca \u2013 \u0130lhan \u00dcz\u00fclmez, s. 124.).<\/p>\n
M\u00fctemadi su\u00e7larda temadinin ne zaman bitece\u011fi konusunda farkl\u0131 ihtimaller g\u00fcndeme gelebilmektedir. Nitekim su\u00e7, s\u00f6z gelimi ma\u011fdurun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc gibi do\u011fal nedenlerle sona erebilece\u011fi gibi, yine ma\u011fdurun ka\u00e7mas\u0131 ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin m\u00fcdahalesiyle de son bulabilecektir. Di\u011fer yandan, failin eylemine son verebilme iktidar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi de temadinin bitmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Failin yakalanmas\u0131 veya tutuklanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde temadinin bitmesi i\u00e7in, bu i\u015flemlerin ayn\u0131 zamanda onun temadiye son verme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
bb- Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Silahl\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00dcyeli\u011fi Su\u00e7u<\/p>\n
Doktrinde \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmakla ilgili \u00e7ok\u00e7a tan\u0131m yap\u0131lmakta olup bu tan\u0131mlardan biri de; \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kuranlar veya y\u00f6netenler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmakla birlikte, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 benimseyerek verilecek g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmeye haz\u0131r olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131na dahil olmak \u015feklinde ifade edilmektedir (Vesile Sonay Evik, C\u00fcr\u00fcm \u0130\u015flemek \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme, Prof. Dr. \u00c7etin \u00d6zek Arma\u011fan\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2004, s. 256 vd).<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n istikrar kazanan uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re de; \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi, \u00f6rg\u00fct amac\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131na dahil olan ve bu suretle verilecek g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmeye haz\u0131r olmak \u00fczere kendi iradesini \u00f6rg\u00fct iradesine terk eden ki\u015fidir. \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fcte kat\u0131lmay\u0131, ba\u011flanmay\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fcte h\u00e2kim olan hiyerar\u015fik g\u00fcc\u00fcn emrine girmeyi ifade etmektedir. \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi \u00f6rg\u00fctle organik ba\u011f kurup faaliyetlerine kat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Organik ba\u011f, canl\u0131, ge\u00e7i\u015fken, etkin, faili emir ve talimat almaya a\u00e7\u0131k tutan ve hiyerar\u015fik konumunu tespit eden ba\u011f olup \u00fcyeli\u011fin en \u00f6nemli unsurudur. \u00d6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131mda veya \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015flemede de, \u00f6rg\u00fct y\u00f6neticileri veya di\u011fer mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n emir ya da talimatlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fini belirlemede ay\u0131rt edici fark, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin \u00f6rg\u00fct hiyerar\u015fisi dahilinde verilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emir ve talimat\u0131 sorgulamaks\u0131z\u0131n tamamen teslimiyet duygusuyla yerine getirmeye haz\u0131r olmas\u0131 ve \u00f6ylece ifa etmesidir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle, fail a\u00e7\u0131k veya z\u0131mni beyan\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer almay\u0131, bu kapsamda, bu kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tek bir fiil i\u00e7in de\u011fil s\u00fcrekli bir h\u00e2l almas\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde verilen emirleri yerine getirmeyi, bu kapsamda ki\u015fisel iradesini \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyetlerde \u00f6rg\u00fct iradesinin emrine terk etmeyi kabul etmi\u015f ise; \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma iradesiyle hareket etti\u011fi kabul edilmelidir (\u00d6nder Tozman, Su\u00e7 \u0130\u015flemek Amac\u0131yla \u00d6rg\u00fct Kurma Su\u00e7u, 2. Bask\u0131, Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara \u2013 2017, s. 266; Erkan Sar\u0131ta\u015f, Su\u00e7 \u0130\u015flemek Amac\u0131yla \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme Su\u00e7lar\u0131, (TCK m. 220 \u2013 221), 1. Bask\u0131, On \u0130ki Levha Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul \u2013 2018, s. 465 \u2013 466.).
\n\u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel eylemlere maddi bir katk\u0131 sunmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmemektedir. Bir kimsenin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn emir ve komutas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmesi ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede verilecek g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmeye haz\u0131r olmas\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi olarak kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Zira emir komuta zinciri i\u00e7erisinde verilecek g\u00f6revleri ifaya haz\u0131r olmak da asgari d\u00fczeyde de olsa \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hayatta kalmas\u0131na bir katk\u0131y\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r (Erkan Sar\u0131ta\u015f, s. 474.).<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ekten de, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, su\u00e7un konusunu olu\u015fturan kamu d\u00fczeni, kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir tehlike olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, su\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme fiilleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z su\u00e7 tipleri olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup bu tehlikelilik durumunu ilk kez meydana getiren ki\u015filer \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurucular\u0131 ve bu tehlikelilik h\u00e2lini y\u00f6nlendiren ki\u015filer de \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6neticileri iken, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel iradeye boyun e\u011ferek bu tehlikelili\u011fin devam\u0131 ve somut eylemlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flayan da \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcyeleridir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla faillerin s\u00fcrekli bir \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctsel iradenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmeye haz\u0131r olmalar\u0131 da \u00f6rg\u00fctsel yap\u0131n\u0131n mevcudiyeti y\u00f6n\u00fcnden son derece \u00f6nemli olup ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tehlikelili\u011fe \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Doktrinde kabul edilen ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda istikrar kazanan uygulama; \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7unun m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7lardan oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Bu nedenle, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f olan bir \u00f6rg\u00fcte kat\u0131lma h\u00e2linde su\u00e7, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece i\u015flenmeye devam edilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi anda temadi bitmektedir (\u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7, Su\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fctleri, 10. Bas\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara \u2013 2017, s. 25.). Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma fiili, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik b\u00fcnyesine dahil olmakla birlikte tamamlanmakta ise de su\u00e7 sona ermemekte ve fail, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi olarak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece su\u00e7 da devam etmektedir (Fatih Yurtlu, Su\u00e7 \u0130\u015flemek Amac\u0131yla \u00d6rg\u00fct Kurma Su\u00e7u (TCK m. 220), Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Ankara \u2013 2013, s. 99; Erkan Sar\u0131ta\u015f, s. 480.).<\/p>\n
2) Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2li Kavram\u0131 ve Genel Olarak M\u00fctemadi Su\u00e7larda Uygulanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
a) Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2li Kavram\u0131<\/p>\n
Genel olarak bir ceza usul hukuku kurumu olarak d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li kavram\u0131na Anayasa’da ve \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usullerini d\u00fczenleyen birtak\u0131m kanun\u00ee d\u00fczenlemelerde hukuk\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar atfedilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi de, kural olarak adli su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen normlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131, baz\u0131 kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin ifa ettikleri g\u00f6revlerin niteli\u011finden kaynaklanan yasama dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u00e2kimlik teminat\u0131 gibi evrensel ilkelerin i\u00e7 hukuka yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00fczenlemelerle engelleyen g\u00fcvenceleri a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden \u00f6nce su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li; 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemeleri Usul\u00fc Kanunu’nun (CMUK) \u201cTevkif, muvakkat yakalama ve sal\u0131verme\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Dokuzuncu Fasl\u0131nda yer alan 127. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda; \u201c\u0130\u015flenmekte olan su\u00e7, me\u015fhud su\u00e7tur\u201d \u015feklinde ve \u201cas\u0131l me\u015fhud su\u00e7\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da \u201cHen\u00fcz i\u015flenmi\u015f olan su\u00e7 ile su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesinden hemen sonra zab\u0131ta veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren \u015fah\u0131s yahut ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan takib edilerek veya su\u00e7un pek az evvel i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6steren e\u015fya veya izlerle yakalanan kimsenin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7\u201d bi\u00e7iminde \u201csu\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc karinesi\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununun Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Uygulama \u015eekli Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 01.06.2005 tarihli ve 25772 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 18. maddesiyle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan 3005 say\u0131l\u0131 Me\u015fhut Su\u00e7lar\u0131n Muhakeme Usul\u00fc Kanunu’nda da, su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usulleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n “Tan\u0131mlar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2. maddesinin (j) bendinde de ‘Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li’nin benzer \u015fekilde;<\/p>\n
\u201c1. \u0130\u015flenmekte olan su\u00e7u,<\/p>\n
2. Hen\u00fcz i\u015flenmi\u015f olan fiil ile fiilin i\u015flenmesinden hemen sonra kolluk, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan takip edilerek yakalanan ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7u,<\/p>\n
3. Fiilin pek az \u00f6nce i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6steren e\u015fya veya delille yakalanan kimsenin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7u\u201d ifade etti\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nDoktrinde su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin unsurlar\u0131; belli bir su\u00e7un bulunmas\u0131, failin geni\u015f anlamda yakalanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve failin su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi an ile geni\u015f anlamda yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 an aras\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7memi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015feklinde say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Geni\u015f anlamda yakalama; failin su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011finin hi\u00e7 bir \u015f\u00fcpheye yer kalmayacak \u015fekilde objektif ve apa\u00e7\u0131k belli olmas\u0131 \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in failin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmemektedir. Nitekim yakalama, ayn\u0131 zamanda failin su\u00e7u i\u015flerken g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini ifade etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, su\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131 su\u00e7un apa\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve objektifli\u011fini daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ortaya koyabilmektedir (Hal\u00fbk \u00c7olak, T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc Yarg\u0131lamas\u0131, Doktora Tezi, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130stanbul \u2013 1998, s. 14.).<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn apa\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, su\u00e7 i\u015flenirken hi\u00e7 bir \u015f\u00fcpheye yer olmaks\u0131z\u0131n failin g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp i\u015fitilmesi ya da t\u00fcm duyusal alg\u0131lar\u0131n su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 (Bozulmu\u015f g\u0131dan\u0131n koklanarak ya da tad\u0131larak belirlenmesi gibi) \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fi gibi, yetkili makamlar\u0131n i\u015flemleriyle de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmektedir. Bu anlamda, gizli bir su\u00e7ta yetkili makamlar elde ettikleri bilgi ve belirtilerden bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmekte oldu\u011funu bilebilmekte ya da tahmin edebilmektedirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in failin eyleminin her durumda herkes taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlemlenebilir olmas\u0131na gerek bulunmamakta, bu hususta yaln\u0131zca yetkili makamlarca bilgi edinilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da yeterli olabilmektedir.
\n\u00d6te yandan, su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hukuk\u00ee d\u00fczenlemelerde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir zaman s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 getirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bir olay\u0131n hangi ana kadar \u201csu\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc\u201d olarak nitelendirilebilece\u011fi, o olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine, i\u015flenen su\u00e7a, t\u00fcr\u00fcne, i\u015flenme bi\u00e7imine, icra ile yer ve zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen illiyet ba\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re takdir edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li doktrinde; dar anlamda ve geni\u015f anlamda su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc olmak \u00fczere ikili ayr\u0131ma tabi tutulmu\u015ftur (Faruk Erem, Ceza Usul\u00fc Hukuku, 5. Bas\u0131, Sevin\u00e7 Matbaaas\u0131, Ankara \u2013 1978, s. 692, 693). Konumuza ili\u015fkin olarak, as\u0131l su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc ya da dar anlamda su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc; CMK’n\u0131n 2. maddesinin (j) bendinde yer alan (1) numaral\u0131 alt bentteki \u201ci\u015flenmekte olan su\u00e7\u201du ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Hem 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK, hem de 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’da \u201csu\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li\u201dne ba\u011flanan en \u00f6nemli hukuki sonu\u00e7lardan biri de; genelde koruma tedbirleri, \u00f6zelde de yakalama i\u015flemi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kendisini g\u00f6stermektedir. Nitekim, toplum i\u00e7inde etkileri, tepkileri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6zlenebilen sosyal bir olgu olarak \u201csu\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li\u201dnde i\u015flenen bir eyleme ve bu eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi iddia edilen ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan ilk usul i\u015flemi \u00e7o\u011funlukla yakalama i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n \u201cYakalama ve Yakalanan Ki\u015fi Hakk\u0131nda Yap\u0131lacak \u0130\u015flemler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 90. maddesinde bu durum;<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen h\u00e2llerde, herkes taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ici olarak yakalama yap\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n
a) Ki\u015fiye su\u00e7u i\u015flerken rastlanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
b) Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc bir fiilden dolay\u0131 izlenen ki\u015finin ka\u00e7mas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 veya hemen kimli\u011fini belirleme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131\u201d bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK’un 127. maddesinde herkes taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilen yakalama i\u015fleminin \u015fartlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131lan as\u0131l me\u015fhud su\u00e7ta, su\u00e7un bu h\u00e2lde i\u015flenmesinin yan\u0131nda failin ka\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131ndan korkulmas\u0131 veya h\u00fcviyetinin hemen tespitinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131ndan biri aranmaktayd\u0131. Ancak 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 90. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 kavrama ili\u015fkin (a) bendinde fiilin i\u015flenmekte olmas\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclerek, herkes taraf\u0131ndan yakalama yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK’da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aranmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re de; i\u015flenmekte olan bir su\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in eylemin mutlaka herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinip g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekmemekte olup i\u015flenen su\u00e7un niteli\u011fine ve i\u015fleni\u015f \u015fekline g\u00f6re, bu su\u00e7tan ve failinden yaln\u0131zca yetkili makamlarca bilgi sahibi olunmas\u0131 ve yakalama i\u015fleminin do\u011frudan bu makamlarca yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b) M\u00fctemadi Su\u00e7larda Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2li<\/p>\n
Doktrinde, bir su\u00e7un m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7 olmas\u0131na ba\u011flanan hukuk\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar daha ziyade; ceza ve usul hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, i\u015flenen su\u00e7un say\u0131s\u0131, te\u015febb\u00fcs, i\u015ftirak, me\u015fru savunma, af, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi yer, zaman, \u015fik\u00e2yet ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gibi hususlar \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Ancak, m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7lar\u0131n su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Doktrinde genel kabul g\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re; m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7lar su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flenebilen su\u00e7lard\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, Faruk Erem 1978 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Hal\u00fbk \u00c7olak da 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 eserlerinde, \u0130talyan CMUK’un 237. maddesinde, temadinin sona erdi\u011fi ana kadar m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7un su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015flerdir (Faruk Erem, s. 694; Hal\u00fbk \u00c7olak, s. 21-22.). Ger\u00e7ekten de, 1930 tarihli \u0130talyan CMUK’un “Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 237. maddesinin birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan “Il reato permanente \u00e9 flagrante fino a che sia cessata la permanenza.” ibaresi “M\u00fctemadi su\u00e7ta su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc, temadinin sona ermesine kadard\u0131r.” anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Nitekim bu y\u00f6ndeki d\u00fczenleme, 1988 tarihli \u0130talyan CMUK’un \u201cSu\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2li\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 382. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da “M\u00fctemadi su\u00e7ta su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc hali, temadinin sona ermesine kadar devam eder.” anlam\u0131na gelecek \u015fekilde \u201cNel reato permanente lo stato di flagranza dura fino a quando non \u00e8 cessata la permanenza.\u201d ibaresiyle yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Nitekim T\u00fcrk Hukuk doktrininde de benzer \u015fekilde; m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7larda, temadi devam ettik\u00e7e su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin devam etti\u011fi, icra hareketlerinin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekmedi\u011fi, m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7u olu\u015fturan icra hareketlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n geni\u015f anlamda yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli oldu\u011fu, kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerde bu konuda bir ayr\u0131ma gidilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc (H\u00e2luk \u00c7olak, s. 23; Burhan Kuzu, T\u00fcrk Anayasa Hukukunda ve Muhtelif Kanunlarda Yakalama M\u00fcessesesi, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131, S. 1-4, 1985, s. 159.) ve su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde temadinin sona erece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunulmaktad\u0131r (M. Emin Artuk \u2013 Ahmet G\u00f6kcen \u2013 M. Emin Al\u015fahin \u2013 Kerim \u00c7ak\u0131r, s. 268.).<\/p>\n
Gelinen noktada, T\u00fcrk Hukukundaki silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7una ve usul hukukuna ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelere ayr\u0131ca de\u011finilecek olmakla birlikte, faile at\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7un niteli\u011fi, su\u00e7un i\u015flenme \u015fekli ve geni\u015f anlamda yakalama \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n her olayda ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesi ko\u015fuluyla, m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7larda genel olarak failin o su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin devam eden icra hareketlerinin, bu hareketlerin meydana getirdi\u011fi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etti\u011finin, b\u00f6ylelikle o su\u00e7un i\u015flenmekte olan bir su\u00e7 oldu\u011funun ve geni\u015f anlamda yakalama sonucunda somut olayda dar anlamda su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin var olabilece\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, objektif olarak su\u00e7, ilgili kamu g\u00f6revlilerine bildirildi\u011fi andan sonra su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc niteli\u011fi kazanmaktad\u0131r. Delil ise, yarg\u0131lama makamlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yaparken kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Yarg\u0131lama makam\u0131nda yer alan h\u00e2kim, \u00f6n\u00fcne getirilen delilleri inceleyerek veya kendi ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucunda bir h\u00fckme varmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir olay\u0131n kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131, ancak h\u00e2kim \u00f6n\u00fcne gelmesinde s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc durumu ise, h\u00e2kim karar\u0131ndan sonra kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f ya da kan\u0131tlanamam\u0131\u015f olabilmektedir. Bu hususta \u00f6ncelikle kolektif bir yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131larak sonuca var\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li, ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na su\u00e7un hukuken kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir.<\/p>\n
3) Silahl\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00dcyeli\u011fi Su\u00e7u A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2linin ve Bu Ba\u011flamda San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Hukuki Durumunun De\u011ferlendirilmesi
\n\u00d6zel soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usullerine tabi olan kamu g\u00f6revlileri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bu usullere konu olan hukuki teminatlardan faydalanmalar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li, hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla \u00f6ncelikle \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin (\u0130HAS) 5. maddesinde ifadesini bulan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve g\u00fcvenlik hakk\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir kurum olmakla birlikte, uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015finin h\u00e2kim veya Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda, s\u00f6z konusu hakk\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra evrensel nitelikteki h\u00e2kimlik teminat\u0131 ilkesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc kurumunun somut olayda uygulanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair yorumlarda, s\u00f6z konusu hak ve ilkeler ba\u011flam\u0131nda son derece \u00f6zenli davran\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek mahkeme \u00fcyeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapan birinci s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da birinci s\u0131n\u0131f baz\u0131 h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Yerel Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131nca 2802 say\u0131l\u0131 H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kanunu’nun 93 ve 94. maddeleri gere\u011fince genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma sonucunda d\u00fczenlenen iddianamelerle; a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinin g\u00f6revine giren ve su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flendi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilen silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma, Anayasa’y\u0131 ihlal, cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisini ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fbmetini ortadan kald\u0131rmaya veya g\u00f6revlerini yapmas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen veya tamamen engellemeye te\u015febb\u00fcs etme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 istemiyle Yerel Mahkemelere a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar\u0131n hangi mercide g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fine ili\u015fkin Yerel Mahkemeler ile ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Yarg\u0131tay aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan olumsuz g\u00f6rev uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi amac\u0131yla dosyalar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 10.10.2017 tarihli ve 998-388 say\u0131l\u0131 ile benzer uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin di\u011fer kararlar\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 olarak \u201cm\u00fctemadi su\u00e7lardan olan silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7unda, daha \u00f6nce \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kendisini feshetmesi, ki\u015finin \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 \u00f6zel durumlar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere kural olarak temadinin yakalanma ile kesilece\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi yer ve zaman diliminin buna g\u00f6re belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fi, bu nedenle silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan \u015f\u00fcpheli konumunda bulunan h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131 yakaland\u0131klar\u0131 anda ‘a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinin g\u00f6revine giren su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li’nin mevcut oldu\u011fu ve 2802 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 94. maddesi gere\u011fince soru\u015fturman\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u201d sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu kararlara konu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ana eksenini, san\u0131klara at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un g\u00f6rev su\u00e7u mu yoksa ki\u015fisel su\u00e7 mu oldu\u011funun belirlenmesi olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, bu kararlarda m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7 ve su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2liyle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yaln\u0131zca bu kavramlar\u0131n uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Gelinen noktada, san\u0131k … ve m\u00fcdafisinin olayda san\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair usuli itiraz\u0131yla ve bu itirazla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 di\u011fer hususlarla ilgisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, 15.07.2016 tarihli darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnden sonra, FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla hakk\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinde ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan Anayasa Mahkemesi eski \u00dcyesi Alparslan Altan’\u0131n, benzer olayda kendisi ve at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve tutuklaman\u0131n bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle hukuk\u00ee olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuru sonucunda \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa Mahkemesince (\u0130HAM) verilen karar\u0131n da irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Benzer olayda ba\u015fvurucunun, hakk\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmek suretiyle, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 16. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ve Anayasa Mahkemesi Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyeleri hakk\u0131ndaki adli soru\u015fturmalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 6087 ve 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’larda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen teminatlarla ayn\u0131 do\u011frultudaki hukuki teminatlardan usule ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yararland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine Anayasa Mahkemesince 11.01.2018 tarih ve 15586 say\u0131 ile; bu hususta bir ihlalin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu Alparslan Altan’\u0131n sonras\u0131nda \u0130HAM’a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuruda, olayda a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle h\u00e2kimlik teminat\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmayarak yap\u0131lan yakalama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve tutuklama kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuk\u00ee olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair iddiay\u0131 inceleyen \u0130HAM 16.04.2019 tarihli ve 12778\/17 Ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131nda bu hususa ili\u015fkin olarak;
\n\u201c…<\/p>\n
104. Mahkeme, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n 16 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha sonra 20 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi olmak \u015f\u00fcphesiyle tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 6 Mart 2019 tarihinde ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbm edildi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemler.<\/p>\n
105. Ba\u015fvurunun konusu, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n ilk tutuklulu\u011fu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in belirlenmesi gereken birinci husus, s\u00f6z konusu zamanda Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00fcyesi olan ba\u015fvuran\u0131n, 16 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde yakaland\u0131ktan sonra 20 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde tutuklanmas\u0131n\u0131n, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 5 \u00a7 1 maddesi ile gerekli k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, ‘yasayla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir usule uygun’ olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesidir. Ba\u015fvuran\u0131n tutuklulu\u011funun 5 \u00a7 1 madde ama\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde ‘hukuka uygun’ olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden mahrumiyetinin ‘yasa ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir usul uyar\u0131nca’ olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlemek i\u00e7in Mahkeme, ilk olarak, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n tutukluluk halinin T\u00fcrk hukukuna uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyecektir.<\/p>\n
106. Mahkeme, taraflar aras\u0131nda \u015fu hususun ihtilaf konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir: ba\u015fvuran, ilgili mevzuat kapsam\u0131nda Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00fcyelerine verilen g\u00fcvencelere kar\u015f\u0131n, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 100 ve devam maddeleri gere\u011fince yakalan\u0131p g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n iddialar\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin husus ise olaylar\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi esnada Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00fcyesi olan ve bu itibarla \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fcye haiz olan ba\u015fvuran\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler uyar\u0131nca tutuklanmas\u0131n\u0131n ‘hukukun kalitesi’ (quality of the law) ilkesini kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
107. Mahkeme, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n bu husustaki iddias\u0131n\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde dile getirdi\u011fini ve Anayasa Mahkemesinin de Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihad\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunarak mevcut davada genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler uyar\u0131nca uygulanan tutukluluk tedbirinin ilgili mevzuata uygun oldu\u011fu tespitinde bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemler. Anayasa Mahkemesine g\u00f6re, Anayasa ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa gere\u011fince Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00fcyelerine tan\u0131nan usuli g\u00fcvencelere ra\u011fmen, soru\u015fturma makamlar\u0131n\u0131n ‘ba\u015fvurana isnat edilen silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7unun su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin tespitinin olgusal ve yasal dayanaktan yoksun oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lamaz’ (bk. yukar\u0131daki 42. paragraf).<\/p>\n
108. Mahkeme, Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi 16 Temmuz 2016 tarihli dok\u00fcmanda anayasal d\u00fczeni y\u0131kmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etme su\u00e7undan da bahsedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihli darbe giri\u015fimiyle alakal\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flerken yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bu nedenle tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair herhangi bir iddia olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda, anayasal d\u00fczeni y\u0131kmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etme su\u00e7u, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n daha sonra ifadesini alan ve tutuklanmas\u0131na karar veren ilgili sulh ceza h\u00e2kimi taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bk. yukar\u0131daki 19-20. paragraflar). Ba\u015fvuran bu nedenle, temelde, soru\u015fturma makamlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk mahkemelerince darbe giri\u015fimini d\u00fczenleyen silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak kabul edilen bir yap\u0131 olan FET\u00d6\/PDY \u00fcyesi olma \u015f\u00fcphesiyle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi, bu hususlar\u0131n, soru\u015fturma makamlar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin mevcut oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin tespitinin olgusal ve yasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etti\u011fine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi, bu sonuca var\u0131rken, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n ilgili i\u00e7tihad\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunmu\u015ftur (bk. yukar\u0131daki 42. paragraf).<\/p>\n
109. Bu ba\u011flamda Mahkeme, 10 Ekim 2017 tarihinde verdi\u011fi \u00f6nc\u00fc kararda Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun, silahl\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak \u015f\u00fcphesiyle yakalanan h\u00e2kimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar verdi\u011fini dikkate al\u0131r (bk. yukar\u0131daki 63. paragraf). Bu \u00f6nc\u00fc kararda, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphesi bulunan davalarda, yarg\u0131 mensubu \u00fcyesi olan \u015f\u00fcphelinin su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li mevcut oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle tutuklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in CMK 100. maddede belirtilen ko\u015fullar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li kavram\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fvuran tutukland\u0131ktan uzun bir s\u00fcre sonra yap\u0131lan bu yeni yarg\u0131sal yorumunda, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131 temel al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
110. Bu ba\u011flamda, Mahkeme, \u00e7o\u011fu kez belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere, ulusal hukukun yorumlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda asli sorumlu olan ulusal mahkemelerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen olgusal veya hukuki hatalar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yetkisi bulundu\u011funu dile getirir. Ulusal mahkemelerin yorumu keyfi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a makul oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece (bk. Anheuser-Busch Inc.\/Portekiz [BD], no. 73049\/01, \u00a7 86, A\u0130HM 2007-I), Mahkemenin rol\u00fc, yap\u0131lan yorumun etkilerinin S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile uyumlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r (bk. Waite and Kennedy\/Almanya [BD], no. 26083\/94, \u00a7 54, A\u0130HM 1999-I, ve Rohlena\/\u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti [BD], no. 59552\/08, \u00a7 51, A\u0130HM 2015). Mahkemenin, bu nedenle, \u00f6n\u00fcndeki davalarda ulusal hukukun yorumlanma ve uygulanma \u015feklinin S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019ye uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemesi gereklidir (bk., mevcut davaya uygulanabildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, Assanidze\/G\u00fcrcistan [BD], no. 71503\/01, \u00a7 171, A\u0130HM 2004-II).<\/p>\n
111. Bu hususta Mahkeme, genel olarak, yerel mahkemelerin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ters d\u00fc\u015fen istisnalar\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na d\u00e2hil etmeleri halinde yasal kesinlik ilkesinin tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Mahkeme, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinin, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi esnada ya da i\u015flendikten hemen sonra tespit edilmesi durumuyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc (in flagrante delicto) kavram\u0131n\u0131n klasik bir tan\u0131m\u0131na yer verdi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemlemektedir. Bununla birlikte, yukar\u0131da belirtilen Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 100. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, bir su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma \u015f\u00fcphesi, herhangi bir fiili unsur veya devam eden cezai bir eylem belirtisine ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaks\u0131z\u0131n su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc olarak nitelendirme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
112. Mahkemeye g\u00f6re bu, su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 bir yorumu olup, s\u00f6z konusu kavram\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi sonucunda, bir su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphelenilen h\u00e2kimlerin, T\u00fcrk hukukunun yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131na tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 yarg\u0131sal korumalardan (Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00fcyesi olan ba\u015fvuran da 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca s\u00f6z konusu korumaya tabidir) mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 durumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, mevcut davadakine benzer ko\u015fullarda, bu kavram\u0131n geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yorumlanmas\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131na sa\u011flanan usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenceleri etkisiz hale getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
113. Mahkeme, bu t\u00fcr bir yarg\u0131sal koruman\u0131n, h\u00e2kimlere, \u015fahsi menfaatleri i\u00e7in de\u011fil, g\u00f6revlerini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde ifa edebilmelerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak amac\u0131yla sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemektedir (bk. yukar\u0131da 102. paragraf). H\u00fck\u00fcmetin de hakl\u0131 olarak belirtti\u011fi gibi, b\u00f6yle bir koruma cezadan muaf olma anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. S\u00f6z konusu koruman\u0131n amac\u0131, genel olarak yarg\u0131 sisteminin, \u00f6zel olarak da yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n, adli g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken yarg\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki organlar\u0131n ve hatta denetim g\u00f6revi ifa eden h\u00e2kimlerin yasal olmayan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na maruz kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemektir. Bu ba\u011flamda, T\u00fcrk mevzuat\u0131n\u0131n, Anayasa\u2019da ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da yer alan g\u00fcvencelerin g\u00f6zetilmesi ko\u015fuluyla, Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00fcyelerinin tutuklanmalar\u0131 konusunda bir yasaklama \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fini kaydetmek gerekir. Nitekim s\u00f6z konusu Kanun’un 16. ve 17. maddelerinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen usul uyar\u0131nca, yarg\u0131sal dokunulmazl\u0131k Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmekte, kovu\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131labilmekte ve tutuklu yarg\u0131lama gibi \u00f6nleyici tedbirler uygulanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
114. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Mahkeme, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n 10 Ekim 2017 tarihli karar\u0131ndan hareketle (bk. yukar\u0131da 63. paragraf), Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n devam eden su\u00e7 kavram\u0131na ili\u015fkin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere ge\u00e7erli bir cezai eylemin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesinin nas\u0131l hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fini anlayabilmi\u015f de\u011fildir (bk. yukar\u0131da 52. paragraf). Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nceki kararlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, devam eden su\u00e7lar\u0131n mahiyetlerinin, ceza mahkemelerinin yarg\u0131 yetkisinin ve bu t\u00fcr davalarda kovu\u015fturma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00fcre kural\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011finin belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla b\u00f6yle bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (bk. Yukar\u0131da 60-62. paragraflar).<\/p>\n
115. Yukar\u0131dakiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Mahkeme, ulusal mahkemelerin su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmelerinin ve mevcut davada i\u00e7 hukuku uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n, sadece yasal kesinlik ilkesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir sorun te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi (bk. yukar\u0131da 103. paragraf), ayn\u0131 zamanda bariz bir \u015fekilde mant\u0131ks\u0131z oldu\u011fu kanaatine varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00fcyelerine sa\u011flanan usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvencelerden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmak suretiyle, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 100 maddesi uyar\u0131nca tutuklanmas\u0131, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 5 \u00a7 1 maddesi gere\u011fince kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir usul do\u011frultusunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmemi\u015ftir\u201d sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Burada \u00f6ncelikle ifade etmek gerekir ki; doktrinde su\u00e7 niteli\u011fine dair veya ba\u015fkaca bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7lar\u0131n salt i\u015flenmeye devam eden su\u00e7lardan oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle bu su\u00e7larda su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin bulundu\u011funa dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin de mevcut olmas\u0131 bir yana, bu genel kabul\u00fcn haricinde \u00f6ncelikle de\u011finilmesi gereken husus; \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fine ili\u015fkin genel a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in failin delillendirilebilir somut hareketleriyle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131na kendi iradesini s\u00fcrekli olarak teslim etmesinin yeterlili\u011fidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ki\u015finin gizli bir yap\u0131lanma ve somut tehlike su\u00e7u niteli\u011findeki su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funu her an su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden ba\u015fkaca eylemlerle g\u00f6stermesine gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu y\u00f6ndeki eylemleri zaten ayr\u0131 bir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturacak ve bu su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flerken yakalanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde o su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li g\u00fcndeme gelecektir. Di\u011fer yandan, failin su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funa dair yetkili makamlarca \u015f\u00fcphe olu\u015fturan delil ya da delillere ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve failin \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011findeki devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n o anki delillere g\u00f6re saptanmas\u0131 durumunda, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kendisini feshetti\u011fine ya da failin \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair ba\u015fkaca delile ula\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, failin \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi hususundaki icra hareketlerine devam etti\u011finin, b\u00f6ylelikle bu durumdan bilgisi olan yetkili makamlarca faile CMK’n\u0131n 2. maddesinin (j) bendinin birinci alt bendi ve 90. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi uyar\u0131nca bu su\u00e7u i\u015flerken rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fteki hakl\u0131l\u0131k unsuru gere\u011fince su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri do\u011frultusunda fail hakk\u0131nda i\u015flem yap\u0131labilece\u011finin kabul\u00fcnde hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Burada failin cezai eyleminin muhakkak herkes taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekmemekte, yakalama an\u0131 itibar\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011finin s\u00fcreklili\u011fine dair icra hareketlerinin devam etti\u011finin ve failin \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck bir eyleminin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetkili makamlarca bilinmesi yeterlidir. Bunun \u00f6tesinde, failin ger\u00e7ekte \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya hakk\u0131nda CMK’n\u0131n 100. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tutuklama \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise farkl\u0131 bir durumdur. Fail soru\u015fturma evresinde sunaca\u011f\u0131 deliller do\u011frultusunda tutuklanmayaca\u011f\u0131 ya da adli kontrole dahi tabi tutulmayabilece\u011fi gibi, kovu\u015fturma evresinde hakk\u0131nda beraat karar\u0131 da verilebilecektir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun 17.07.2016 tarihli ve 244\/a say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; aralar\u0131nda san\u0131k …’nin de bulundu\u011fu Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyeleri hakk\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen adli soru\u015fturman\u0131n Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca idari y\u00f6nden gere\u011fi i\u00e7in Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirilmesi sonucunda; \u201c133 Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyesine isnat edilen \u2018cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmaya veya bu d\u00fczen yerine ba\u015fka bir d\u00fczenin fiilen uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye te\u015febb\u00fcs\u2019 su\u00e7unun vas\u0131f ve mahiyeti, mevcut delil durumu, eylemin halen tamamen sona ermemesi ile bu ba\u011flamda a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k ve su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc gibi a\u011f\u0131r bir su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n, tehlikenin boyutu ile haklar\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bu denli a\u011f\u0131r bir su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct kapsam\u0131nda bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fcyeler hakk\u0131nda Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zca s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131narak adlar\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u00fcyelerin g\u00f6reve devamlar\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturman\u0131n selameti ve yarg\u0131 erkinin n\u00fcfuz ve itibar\u0131na zarar verece\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek Yarg\u0131tay Kanununun 18\/1, 2, 4 f\u0131kralar\u0131 ile 46. maddeleri gere\u011fince mevcut yetkilerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na\u201d karar verildi\u011fi ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibar\u0131yla bu kararda san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li nedeniyle genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin usule uygun oldu\u011funun belirtildi\u011fi de g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u0130HAM taraf\u0131ndan Yarg\u0131tayca hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak geni\u015f yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lan su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2line ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmenin salt Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yorumundan m\u0131 ibaret oldu\u011fu, aksi h\u00e2lde s\u00f6z konusu yorumun, konumuza ili\u015fkin olarak i\u00e7 hukukumuzda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan ve halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan d\u00fczenlemelerle de uyumlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n irdelenmesine gelince;
\n01.06.2005 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte, su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usullerini d\u00fczenleyen 3005 say\u0131l\u0131 Me\u015fhud Su\u00e7lar\u0131n Muhakeme Usul\u00fc Kanunu’nun 1. maddesi;<\/p>\n
\u201cFaili su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi s\u0131rada veya pek az sonra yakalanan:<\/p>\n
A) A\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinin vazife g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerdeki belediye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde i\u015flenen a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131 me\u015fhud c\u00fcr\u00fcmler;<\/p>\n
B) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 1\/12\/1980 – 2349\/1 md.) Asliye te\u015fkilat\u0131 olan yerlerdeki belediye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve panay\u0131rlarda i\u015flenen a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemelerinin vazifeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki me\u015fhud c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerle T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 529, 534, 536, 537, 539, 545, 547, 548, 551, 565, 567, 568, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575 ve 576 nc\u0131 maddeleri ile 540 nc\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 me\u015fhud olarak i\u015flenen kabahatlar hakk\u0131nda takip ve duru\u015fma bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabidir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, yine y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemeleri Usul\u00fc Kanunu’nun Ek 1. maddesinde;<\/p>\n
\u201c1) Anayasa’da yer alan temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlere ideolojik ama\u00e7larla, Devletin \u00dclkesi ve Milletiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc veya dil, \u0131rk, s\u0131n\u0131f, din ve mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayan\u0131larak nitelikleri Anayasada belirtilen Cumhuriyeti ortadan kald\u0131rmak maksadiyle i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla, bunlara murtab\u0131t su\u00e7lar\u0131;<\/p>\n
2) T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 179, 180, birinci, ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 188, 201, 254, 255, 256, 257 ve 264 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddelerinde veya 6136 say\u0131l\u0131 Ate\u015fli Silahlar ve B\u0131\u00e7aklar Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanunun de\u011fi\u015fik 12 nci yahut ayn\u0131 Kanunun ek maddesinin, birinci bendinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lar;<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fleyenler hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar, 3005 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 1 inci maddesinin (A) bendindeki mahal ve ayn\u0131 Kanunun 4 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 zaman kay\u0131tlar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, bahis konusu kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir.
\nBu d\u00fczenlemeler do\u011frultusunda, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusuyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma i\u015flemlerinde su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usulleri \u00f6ng\u00f6ren d\u00fczenlemelerden; yasama dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin Anayasa’n\u0131n 83. maddesi, h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin 2802 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 94. maddesi, H\u00e2kimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulunun se\u00e7imle gelen \u00fcyelerine ili\u015fkin 6087 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 38. maddesi, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 46. maddesi ile di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerine ili\u015fkin 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Memurlar ve Di\u011fer Kamu G\u00f6revlilerinin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 2. maddesinde \u201ca\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li\u201d ortak bir kavram olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kavram, su\u00e7 tarihinden sonra 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 46. maddesine 680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK ile eklenen ve 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’la aynen kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fan alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131krada da yer almaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 hukuk d\u00fczenlemesi niteli\u011finde olan ve ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yarg\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik bu d\u00fczenlemeyle de, 15.07.2016 tarihinden sonra haklar\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lan bu ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda yetkili makamlarca uygulanan genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fiili durumun su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2liyle uyumlu oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerek bu do\u011frultuda yap\u0131lacak soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma i\u015flemleri h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, genelde m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7larda temadinin yakalama ile kesilece\u011fine ve o anda su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin var oldu\u011funa, \u00f6zelde de olumsuz g\u00f6rev uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na konu kararlarda FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi olduklar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla yakalanan h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin bulundu\u011funa dair Yarg\u0131tayca var\u0131lan kanaat salt su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin yarg\u0131sal, mant\u0131ks\u0131z ve keyf\u00ee yorumuna de\u011fil, doktrindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel su\u00e7lulu\u011fun teorisine, dahas\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemlisi, yasama organ\u0131nca istikrarl\u0131 ve birbiriyle uyumlu olarak h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nan i\u00e7 hukuk d\u00fczenlemelerine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Var\u0131lan sonu\u00e7 sonras\u0131nda Anayasa Mahkemesince de benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130HAM’\u0131n an\u0131lan ihlal karar\u0131nda ise, konunun yaln\u0131zca Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yorumu \u00fczerinden irdelendi\u011fi, bu yorumun ayn\u0131 zamanda 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 46. maddesinde yap\u0131lan ve kanunla\u015fan d\u00fczenlemelere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve bu d\u00fczenlemelerle uyumlu oldu\u011funun dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu kararda, \u00fclkenin milli egemenli\u011fini temsil eden yasaman\u0131n bu d\u00fczenlemelerinin \u0130HAS’a ve evrensel hukuk ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fi hususunda de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde ayr\u0131ca, m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7 ve su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li kavramlar\u0131ndan, bu kavramlar\u0131n yukar\u0131da belirtilen hukuki dayanaklar\u0131ndan ve s\u00f6z konusu kavramlar\u0131n somut olaya uygulanma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak; ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na su\u00e7un niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131narak failler hakk\u0131nda \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma usullerinin uygulanmas\u0131na yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle bir istisna getirilip getirilmedi\u011fi hususuna da de\u011finmek gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihinden sonra, somut olay\u0131m\u0131zda su\u00e7 tarihinden \u00f6nce 06.03.2014 tarihli ve 28933 say\u0131l\u0131 M\u00fckerrer Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6526 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu ve Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun’un 15. maddesiyle, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 161. maddesine eklenen sekizinci f\u0131krada; “T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 302, 309, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315 ve 316 nc\u0131 maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7lar hakk\u0131nda, g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f olsa bile Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131nca do\u011frudan soru\u015fturma yap\u0131l\u0131r. 1\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2937 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet \u0130stihbarat Hizmetleri ve Milli \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Kanununun 26 nc\u0131 maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc sakl\u0131d\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemede g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere, aralar\u0131nda silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7unun da say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n vahameti ve bu su\u00e7larla korunan hukuk\u00ee de\u011fer dikkate al\u0131narak 2937 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da say\u0131lan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik istisna haricinde, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Nitekim \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma usullerine istisna getiren benzer bir h\u00fckme, Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcst kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyeleri ile y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerinin, kadrolu ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu kurulu\u015f ve kurumlar\u0131n 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununa tabi memurlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ya da g\u00f6revlerini yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada i\u015fledikleri ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen su\u00e7larla ilgili yine kural olarak \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma usulleri uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 hukuki teminatlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2547 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kanunu’nun “Disiplin ve Ceza \u0130\u015fleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Dokuzuncu B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan “Genel Esaslar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 53. maddesinin yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da “\u0130deolojik ama\u00e7larla Anayasada yer alan temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri, devletin \u00fclkesi ve milletiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc veya dil, \u0131rk, s\u0131n\u0131f, din ve mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayan\u0131larak nitelikleri Anayasada belirtilen Cumhuriyeti ortadan kald\u0131rmak maksad\u0131yla i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla bunlara irtibatl\u0131 su\u00e7lar, \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretme h\u00fcrriyetini do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak k\u0131s\u0131tlayan, kurumlar\u0131n s\u00fck\u00fcn, huzur ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenini bozan boykot, i\u015fgal, engelleme, bunlar\u0131 te\u015fvik ve tahrik, anar\u015fik ve ideolojik olaylara ili\u015fkin su\u00e7lar ile a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc hallerinde, yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 usuller uygulanmaz; bu hallerde kovu\u015fturmay\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 do\u011frudan yapar.” \u015feklinde yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Her iki d\u00fczenleme birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, konumuza ili\u015fkin olarak \u00f6zellikle de 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da kural olarak \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma usulleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sonradan CMK’n\u0131n 161. maddesinin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, yasa koyucunun salt bu f\u0131krada say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fini g\u00f6zeterek, ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n, 2937 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da say\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyen ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda, ilgili kanuni d\u00fczenlemeler uyar\u0131nca \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma usulleri uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n istisnas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir h\u00fck\u00fcm ihdas etti\u011fi ve bu y\u00f6nde bir sistem olu\u015fturdu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak \u0130HAM karar\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7unda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma i\u015flemlerinin hukuk\u00eeli\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilirken s\u00f6z konusu uygulaman\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda CMK’n\u0131n 161. maddesinin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131na da uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uygulaman\u0131n bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de yarg\u0131sal ve keyfi yorumun \u00f6tesinde i\u00e7 hukuk d\u00fczenlemesine dayan\u0131p dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n olayda su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2line ili\u015fkin ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve soru\u015fturmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten makamlar\u0131n yetkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair usule y\u00f6nelik itirazlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;<\/p>\n
San\u0131k …\u2019nin Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyesi olarak g\u00f6rev yapmaktayken, FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 15.07.2016 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc sonras\u0131nda, kendisinin de bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla ve ki\u015fisel su\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki bu su\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak hakk\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca iddianame d\u00fczenlenerek hakk\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesine kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olayda; itiraza konu uygulaman\u0131n, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funa, bu \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lmaya dair icrai bir davran\u0131\u015fta bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve elde edilen mevcut deliller itibar\u0131yla yetkili makamlarca san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezai eylem niteli\u011findeki \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fine ili\u015fkin fiilinin icras\u0131na devam etti\u011fi, b\u00f6ylelikle san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un i\u015flenmekte oldu\u011fu hususunda resmi makamlarca edinilen bilgi kapsam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi\/y\u00f6neticili\u011fi su\u00e7unun m\u00fctemadi su\u00e7 ve bu su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yakalama an\u0131na kadar su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funu kabul ederek Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yarg\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filere at\u0131l\u0131 bu su\u00e7larla a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flenen di\u011fer ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve sonradan aynen kanunla\u015fan hukuki d\u00fczenlemelerde, \u00f6nceden beri 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hukuki teminatlar\u0131n istisnas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden “a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li” tabirinin, Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yarg\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu ki\u015filere at\u0131l\u0131 bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n da benzer nitelikte olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyacak ve bu su\u00e7lar\u0131 da kapsayacak \u015fekilde yeniden kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7undan genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin usule uygun oldu\u011funun, hem aralar\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu benzer durumdaki y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 eski \u00fcyelerine y\u00f6nelik Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun karar\u0131yla, hem de sonradan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan ulusal hukuk d\u00fczenlemeleriyle de kabul edilerek mevcut uygulama sonras\u0131nda adli ve idari a\u00e7\u0131dan devam edecek di\u011fer i\u015flemler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, ayn\u0131 zamanda itiraza konu uygulaman\u0131n, CMK’n\u0131n 161. maddesinin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ve san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma usullerinin istisnas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden d\u00fczenlemeyle de uyumlu olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyelerinin i\u015fledikleri su\u00e7lara dair \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma usullerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 46. maddesinin uygulanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n somut olayda olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, dava konusu olayda san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya i\u00e7 hukuk d\u00fczenlemelerinin verdi\u011fi yetkinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu, kanunlar\u0131n geni\u015fletici ve keyf\u00ee olarak yorumlanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu h\u00e2liyle “hukukun kalitesi” ilkesine de uygun olan itiraza konu uygulaman\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D- Yarg\u0131tay \u00dcyelerinin \u0130\u015fledikleri \u0130ddia Olunan Su\u00e7lar Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kovu\u015fturma Makamlar\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmesi<\/p>\n
Anayasan\u0131n “Cumhuriyetin nitelikleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2. maddesi;
\n“T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, toplumun huzuru, mill\u00ee dayan\u0131\u015fma ve adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta belirtilen temel ilkelere dayanan, demokratik, l\u00e2ik ve sosyal bir hukuk Devletidir”
\n“Kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 37. maddesi de;
\n“Hi\u00e7 kimse kanunen tabi oldu\u011fu mahkemeden ba\u015fka bir merci \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz.
\nBir kimseyi kanunen tabi oldu\u011fu mahkemeden ba\u015fka bir merci \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karma sonucunu do\u011furan yarg\u0131 yetkisine sahip ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc merciler kurulamaz” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da, Anayasa’n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devletinin, “insan haklar\u0131na dayanan, bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, eylem ve i\u015flemleri hukuka uygun olan, her alanda adaletli bir hukuk d\u00fczeni kurup bunu geli\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 durum ve tutumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nan, hukuku t\u00fcm devlet organlar\u0131na egemen k\u0131lan, Anayasa ve kanunlarla kendini ba\u011fl\u0131 sayan, yarg\u0131 denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k olan devlet” oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015f ve “hukuk devletinin temel ilkelerinden biri ‘hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi’ ilkesidir. Hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, normlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar. Hukuk devletinde kanun metinlerinin ilgili ki\u015filerin mevcut \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda belirli bir i\u015flemin ne t\u00fcr sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fini makul bir d\u00fczeyde \u00f6ng\u00f6rmelerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekmektedir. ‘Belirlilik’ ilkesine g\u00f6re ise yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyfi uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi de gereklidir” sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nHukuk devletinin en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan birini kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Zira hukuk devletinin alt unsurlar\u0131ndan biri olan hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan biri kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesidir. Kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesinin sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sistemde bireylerin g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde hareket edebilmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamaz. Bireyler herhangi bir hukuki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta hangi yarg\u0131 merci taraf\u0131ndan hangi kurallar uygulanarak yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilmelidir. Aksi bir durumda hukuki \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ve g\u00fcvenlik ortadan kalkar. E\u011fer hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, normlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bu durumda hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011finin zorunlu \u00f6n ko\u015fulu olan kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi mutlak anlamda tesis edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi 1982 Anayasas\u0131’nda \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 37. maddesi gere\u011fince herkes kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesine sahiptir. Yine Anayasa Mahkemesinin istikrarl\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi, \u201ckanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi\u201d su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesinden veya \u00e7eki\u015fmenin do\u011fmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce davay\u0131 g\u00f6recek yarg\u0131 yerini kanunun belirlemesi olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla \u201ckanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi\u201d, yarg\u0131lama makamlar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesinden veya \u00e7eki\u015fmenin meydana gelmesinden sonra \u00f6zel olarak kurulmas\u0131na veya h\u00e2kimin atanmas\u0131na engel olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada, bir yarg\u0131 yerinin, kurulu\u015f, g\u00f6rev, i\u015fleyi\u015f ve izleyece\u011fi yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc itibar\u0131yla hukuki yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fal h\u00e2kim ilkesine uygunlu\u011funun sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, bu alana ili\u015fkin belirlemenin kanunla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na yetmez. Ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen belirlemenin, yarg\u0131lanacak olan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da gerekir. Bu nedenle, do\u011fal h\u00e2kim ilkesinin b\u00fcnyesinde, “kanunili\u011fin” yan\u0131 s\u0131ra “\u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f” olmaya da yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc mahkeme kurma yasa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eren kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usulleri izleyen \u00f6zel\/uzman mahkemelerin kurulmas\u0131na engel olu\u015fturmamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc mahkeme ile \u00f6zel\/uzman mahkeme kavramlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 anlama gelmemektedir. Bir hukuk sisteminde baz\u0131 su\u00e7larla etkin bir \u015fekilde m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usulleri izleyen yarg\u0131 mercileri kurulabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin ter\u00f6r ve organize su\u00e7larla etkin bir \u015fekilde m\u00fccadele etmek bu t\u00fcr \u00f6zel\/uzman yarg\u0131 mercilerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi t\u00fcm yarg\u0131lamalarda ge\u00e7erli olan bir ilke olmakla beraber ceza yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli olmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim ceza soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi bireylerin en temel haklar\u0131ndan birine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011frudan ve radikal bir m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011findedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyetinin sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6nem, bireylere ceza yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda daha y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvencelerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi s\u00f6z konusu g\u00fcvencelerin ilk basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Zira adil ve g\u00fcvenceli bir yarg\u0131lama i\u00e7in her \u015feyden \u00f6nce yarg\u0131 yetkisi kullanacak merci olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u015fekilde kurulmal\u0131 ve g\u00f6rev yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi takdirde adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda bireylere sa\u011flanan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z bir yarg\u0131 yerinde makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma, silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ve \u00e7eli\u015fmeli yarg\u0131lama gibi g\u00fcvencelerin bir \u00f6nemi kalmayacakt\u0131r. Zira t\u00fcm bu g\u00fcvenceler ancak ola\u011fan mahkemelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde i\u015flevsel olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
Gelinen a\u015famada, su\u00e7 tarihi itibar\u0131yla Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filere at\u0131l\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flenen ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kovu\u015fturma makam\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu iken, sonradan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan 680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK ile bu makam\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairesi olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin ve yarg\u0131laman\u0131n bu do\u011frultuda Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesince yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tabii h\u00e2kim ilkesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere; 15.07.2016 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn savu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu 20.07.2016 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131da “demokrasinin, hukuk devleti ilkesinin, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik tedbirlerin etkin bir \u015fekilde uygulanabilmesi amac\u0131yla” H\u00fck\u00fbmete ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l ilan edilmesi tavsiyesinde bulunmay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanan Bakanlar Kurulu 20.07.2016 tarihinde, \u00fclke genelinde 21.07.2016 Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 01.00’den itibaren doksan g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l ilan edilmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan karar 21.07.2016 tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l ilan edilmesine ili\u015fkin karar, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn TBMM taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TBMM Genel Kurulunda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda H\u00fck\u00fbmet ad\u0131na s\u00f6z alan Adalet Bakan\u0131, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l ilan edilme nedenini “… darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131yla ve s\u00fcratle bertaraf edilmesi, bundan sonra da demokrasimiz ve hukuk devletimiz, milletimiz, mill\u00ee irade ve \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in tehlike ve tehdit olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, bir daha hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tekrarlanmamas\u0131 ve bu konuda bu ama\u00e7la al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirlerin h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kararl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde al\u0131n\u0131p hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flamak maksad\u0131yla ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l ilan edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f … Bakanlar Kuruluna iletilmi\u015ftir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa gere\u011fi toplanan Bakanlar Kurulumuz, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f do\u011frultusunda T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00fc\u00e7 ay s\u00fcreyle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l ilan edilmesine karar vermi\u015ftir … Anayasa ile kurulan h\u00fcr demokrasi d\u00fczenini korumak, temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri korumak, genel g\u00fcvenlik, asayi\u015f ve kamu d\u00fczenini korumak, \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z k\u0131l\u0131nan darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tekrar\u0131 ile bundan sonra T\u00fcrkiye’de darbe te\u015febb\u00fcslerine te\u015febb\u00fcs edilebilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek, halk\u0131m\u0131za en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapan, kamu d\u00fczenimizi bozan, ekonomimize zarar veren, demokrasimizi, hukuk devletimizi, mill\u00ee irademizin tecellig\u00e2h\u0131 Meclisimizi ve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve H\u00fck\u00fbmetimizi darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcyle yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, devletimizi \u00e2deta bir kanser h\u00fccresi gibi sarm\u0131\u015f bulunan bu Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle ve bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri, yarg\u0131, Emniyet ve \u00fcniversitelerimiz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, kamu i\u00e7indeki b\u00fct\u00fcn uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kamudan temizlenmesi ve demokrasimizin, devletimizin, milletimizin, hukuk devletimizin emniyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tam emniyetli h\u00e2le getirilmesi ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in, demokrasimiz ve hukuk devletimiz i\u00e7in bir daha tehlike ve tehdit olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 maksad\u0131yla bu karar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” s\u00f6zleriyle ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti 21.07.2016 tarihinde, Avrupa Konseyi Genel Sekreterli\u011fine \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne; Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Sekreterli\u011fine ise Medeni ve Siyasi Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme’ye (MSHUS) ili\u015fkin derogasyon (ask\u0131ya alma\/y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck azaltma) beyan\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2lin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar da Avrupa Konseyi Genel Sekreterli\u011fine ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Sekreterli\u011fine bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanan Bakanlar Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan 05.10.2016, 03.01.2017 ve 17.04.2017 tarihlerinde al\u0131nan kararlarla \u00fc\u00e7er ay daha uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l KHK’lar konu, ama\u00e7, yer ve s\u00fcre bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ola\u011fan KHK’lardan farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l KHK’lar\u0131, ola\u011fan KHK’lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa’n\u0131n, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan 91. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen \u201c…s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc haller sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, Anayasan\u0131n ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n birinci ve ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde yer alan temel haklar, ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 ve \u00f6devleri ile d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan siyasi haklar ve \u00f6devler kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnamelerle d\u00fczenlenemez.\u201d \u015feklindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya tabi tutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, Anayasa’n\u0131n ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n birinci ve ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan temel haklar, ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 ve \u00f6devleri d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan siyasi haklar ve \u00f6devler de 680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konuldu\u011fu tarih itibar\u0131yla ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l KHK’lar\u0131 ile d\u00fczenlenebilmekteydi. Hatta bu hususlarda d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilmesinden de \u00f6te, s\u00f6z konusu KHK’larla, Anayasa’n\u0131n 15. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, bu maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekirdek temel haklara dokunmamak kayd\u0131yla, temel h\u00fcrriyetlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 k\u0131smen veya tamamen durdurulabilmekte veya bunlar i\u00e7in Anayasa’da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcvencelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 tedbirler al\u0131nabilmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l KHK’lar\u0131n \u201csebebe ba\u011fl\u0131\u201d i\u015flem olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle, Anayasa’n\u0131n yine s\u00f6z konusu 680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konuldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan 121. maddesi uyar\u0131nca s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim veya ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2lin gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konularda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa’n\u0131n 15. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, bu d\u00fczenlemelerin \u201cmilletleraras\u0131 hukuktan do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ihlal etmemesi\u201d ve \u201cdurumun gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde\u201d olmas\u0131 da anayasal bir zorunluluktu.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, Anayasa Mahkemesinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini d\u00fczenleyen 148. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n, 680 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konuldu\u011fu tarih itibar\u0131yla uygulanmas\u0131 gereken h\u00e2linde; ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2llerde, s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ve sava\u015f hallerinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnamelerin \u015fekil ve esas bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla, Anayasa Mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda \u00f6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki; kovu\u015fturma makamlar\u0131na dair de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla uygulanmas\u0131 gereken s\u00f6z konusu Anayasal d\u00fczenlemeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; kural olarak ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l KHK’lar\u0131 ile Anayasa’n\u0131n 37. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan kanuni hakim g\u00fcvencesiyle ilgili d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu d\u00fczenlemelere kar\u015f\u0131 soyut norm denetimi yoluna gidilemeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kovu\u015fturma makam\u0131na dair KHK ile yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin, Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015fleyi\u015fine dair ola\u011fan bir d\u00fczenleme olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, yarg\u0131lanacak ki\u015filerin kanuni h\u00e2kim ilkesini Anayasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde dahi k\u0131s\u0131tlayan bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunun irdelenmesine gelince;
\nAnayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik kararlar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesi; yeni kurulan mahkemelerin veya kurulu bulunan mahkemelere yeni atanan h\u00e2kimlerin, \u00f6nceden i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin olarak hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde yarg\u0131lama yapamayacaklar\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Belirli bir olay, ki\u015fi veya toplulukla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmamak kayd\u0131yla, yeni kurulan bir mahkemenin veya kurulu bulunan bir mahkemeye yeni atanan h\u00e2kimin kurulma veya atanma tarihinden \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara bakmas\u0131 kanuni h\u00e2kim g\u00fcvencesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmez (AYM, E. 2014\/164, K. 2015\/12, 14.01.2015). Bu kapsamda bir kural\u0131n belirli bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesinden sonra bu su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin davay\u0131 g\u00f6recek yarg\u0131 yerini belirlemeyi ama\u00e7lamamas\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fcteakip kapsam\u0131na giren t\u00fcm davalara uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde do\u011fal h\u00e2kim ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olamaz (AYM, E. 2009\/52, K. 2010\/16, 21.01.2010).<\/p>\n
Anayasa’n\u0131n 154. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n kanunla g\u00f6sterilen belli davalara da ilk ve son derece mahkemesi olarak bakaca\u011f\u0131; ayn\u0131 maddenin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n kurulu\u015funun, i\u015fleyi\u015finin, Ba\u015fkan, Ba\u015fkanvekilleri, Daire Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve \u00dcyeleri ile Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekilinin niteliklerinin ve se\u00e7im usullerinin, mahkemelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hakimlik teminat\u0131 esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fczenlemeler do\u011frultusunda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 1. maddesinde de Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir y\u00fcksek mahkeme oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, hem Yarg\u0131tay Daireleri, hem de Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3. maddesinde Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n karar organlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Yarg\u0131tay dairelerinde bir ba\u015fkan ve yeteri kadar \u00fcye bulunaca\u011f\u0131, 7. maddesi uyar\u0131nca da Ceza Genel Kurulunun ceza dairelerinin ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyelerinden olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk ve Ceza Genel Kurullar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 15. maddesinde su\u00e7 tarihi itibar\u0131yla;<\/p>\n
\u201c1. Yarg\u0131tay dairelerinin bozma kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 mahkemelerce verilen direnme kararlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek karar vermek,<\/p>\n
2. a) (Ek: 26\/9\/2004-5235\/51 md.) Ayn\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 yer b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerinin kesin olarak verdikleri kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hukuk daireleri aras\u0131nda veya ceza daireleri aras\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunursa,<\/p>\n
b) Hukuk daireleri aras\u0131nda veya ceza daireleri aras\u0131nda i\u00e7tihat uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 bulunursa, c) Yarg\u0131tay dairelerinden biri; yerle\u015fmi\u015f i\u00e7tihad\u0131ndan d\u00f6nmek isterse, benzer olaylarda birbirine uymayan kararlar vermi\u015f bulunursa, bunlar\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi yoluyla kesin olarak karara ba\u011flamak,<\/p>\n
3. Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyeleri, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 ve Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131vekili ile yarg\u0131lama g\u00f6revi \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131nca Yarg\u0131tay Genel Kurullar\u0131na verilen ki\u015filere ait davalar\u0131 ilk mahkeme olarak g\u00f6rmek ve h\u00fckme ba\u011flamak ve ilk mahkeme olarak \u00f6zel dairelerce verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm ve kararlar\u0131n temyiz ve itiraz yoluyla incelenmesini yapmak,<\/p>\n
4. Kanunlarla verilen di\u011fer g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmek.<\/p>\n
Hukuk ve Ceza Genel Kurullar\u0131na kat\u0131lmak zorunda olan Ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcyelerin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin esaslar, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin g\u00fcndemi, y\u00f6netimi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn ve saatleri, oylama ve karar, \u00f6n sorun ve \u00f6ncelikle karara ba\u011flanacak hususlar, karar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131, kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi ile d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 Kanun’un \u201cYarg\u0131tay \u00dcyelerinin Nitelikleri ve Se\u00e7imi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 29. maddesinde ise; Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyelerinin, birinci s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra en az \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcre ile ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f ve birinci s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren nitelikleri yitirmemi\u015f adli yarg\u0131 h\u00e2kim ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131 ile bu meslekten say\u0131lanlar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte; Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 09.10.2018 tarihli ve 389-420 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; Yarg\u0131tay Daireleri aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6rev ili\u015fkisinin, adli yarg\u0131 ilk derece mahkemeleri aras\u0131nda var olan ve kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin bulunan g\u00f6rev ili\u015fkisi niteli\u011finde olmay\u0131p 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 6545 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’la de\u011fi\u015fik 14. maddesinde yer alan “hukuk daireleri ile ceza daireleri kendi aralar\u0131nda i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc esas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r” \u015feklindeki d\u00fczenlemeden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; idari nitelikte i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu, ancak kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6rev ve bu husustaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilk derece yarg\u0131lamas\u0131na konu dosyay\u0131 ele alan ve davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi hususunda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren \u00d6zel Dairelerin birbirinden farkl\u0131 mahkemeler de\u011fil, istisnai h\u00e2llerde ilk derece yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 yapan “Yarg\u0131tay”, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tek mahkeme olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa’n\u0131n ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun 09.10.2018 tarihli ve 389-420 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; temelde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir mahkeme olarak kurulan Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n karar organlar\u0131 olan daireleri ile genel kurullar\u0131n olu\u015fumu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri itibar\u0131yla, ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lamalar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bu organlar aras\u0131nda mahkemenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131na dair bir nedenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer yandan, su\u00e7 tarihinden \u00f6nce ve genel nitelikteki d\u00fczenlemelerle hem bu karar organlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usullerinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, hem de dairelere ve genel kurullara kat\u0131lacak \u00fcyelerin bu d\u00fczenlemeler do\u011frultusunda se\u00e7ilerek ayn\u0131 g\u00fcvence ve hukuki stat\u00fcyle g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131klar\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemelerle, mevcut dosyalar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu itibar\u0131yla \u00f6zelde ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla ki\u015fisel su\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensubiyeti iddias\u0131yla haklar\u0131nda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen y\u00fcksek mahkeme eski \u00fcyelerine at\u0131l\u0131 bu su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lacak kovu\u015fturma i\u015flemleri belirlenmi\u015f ise de, sonradan aynen kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fan bu usullerin ayn\u0131 zamanda 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren ve su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2linde i\u015flenen t\u00fcm su\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da uygulanacak olmas\u0131, yine bu ki\u015filer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kovu\u015fturma yapma yetkisinin su\u00e7 tarihindeki d\u00fczenlemeden farkl\u0131 olarak \u201cYarg\u0131tay\u201d d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir makama devredilmemesi hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; kovu\u015fturma yapma yetkisinin Genel Kuruldan al\u0131narak ilgili ceza dairesine verilmesine y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemenin, su\u00e7 tarihinden sonra ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc mahkeme kurulmas\u0131 niteli\u011finde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle kanuni h\u00e2kim ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu d\u00fczenlemenin temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi dahi ta\u015f\u0131mayan, salt Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015fleyi\u015fine y\u00f6nelik usul\u00ee bir d\u00fczenleme oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Son olarak, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da ve di\u011fer \u00f6zel kanunlarda say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin kovu\u015fturma yapmakla g\u00f6revlendirilmesine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin \u0130HAS’\u0131n 6. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin davalara y\u00f6nelik kanun yolu incelemeleri Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesince yap\u0131lmakta iken, bu su\u00e7lardan kaynaklanan davalardaki art\u0131\u015f, bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n tali ve istisnai g\u00f6revi olan ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lama yapma g\u00f6revine de yans\u0131mas\u0131 ve bu nedenle olu\u015fan ciddi i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu, beraberinde daireler aras\u0131nda bu hususta da i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Bu ba\u011flamda 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da ve di\u011fer \u00f6zel kanunlarda say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131nda ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hususunda Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f, Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Y\u00f6nergesine g\u00f6re ise; i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu nedeniyle Dairede birden fazla heyet olu\u015fturularak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul\u00fcne gidilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Su\u00e7 tarihinden \u00f6nce ve sonras\u0131nda da 2018 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131na kadar Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu ise, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da ve Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nde d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri gere\u011fince, de\u011fi\u015fken \u00fcyelerle haftada ancak bir kez toplanabilen ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yak\u0131n, tutuklu i\u015f niteli\u011finde, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n itiraz\u0131n\u0131n mahiyeti ve infaza dair olas\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 vb. nedenlerle \u00f6nceli\u011fi bulunan dosyalar\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir karar organ\u0131 olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi. S\u00f6z gelimi, Ulusal Yarg\u0131 A\u011f\u0131 Bili\u015fim Sistemi (UYAP) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla temin edilen say\u0131sal verilere g\u00f6re; 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6zetle 271’i itiraz, 877’si direnme olmak \u00fczere esasa kaydedilen toplam 1148 dosyan\u0131n toplam 524’\u00fc karara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, karara ba\u011flanan dosya say\u0131s\u0131 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda da 698 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24.12.2017 tarihli ve 30280 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 696 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK’n\u0131n 45. maddesiyle, 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 16. madde ile;<\/p>\n
\u201cHukuk Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun i\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftirme toplant\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, 31\/12\/2022 tarihine kadar bu kurullar\u0131n olu\u015fumu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul\u00fc hakk\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a) Hukuk Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Genel Kurulu, her hukuk ve ceza dairesinden en az bir \u00fcye olmak kayd\u0131yla Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen yirmi\u015fer \u00fcyeden olu\u015fur. Bu kurullara, Birinci Ba\u015fkan veya ilgili ba\u015fkan vekili, bunlar\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 halinde kurullar\u0131n en k\u0131demli \u00fcyesi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eder.<\/p>\n
b) \u00dcyeler Hukuk Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Genel Kurulunda s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00f6rev yaparlar. Ancak, i\u015f durumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmak suretiyle \u00fcyelerin daire \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurul taraf\u0131ndan karar verilebilir.<\/p>\n
c) Kurullarda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yeter say\u0131s\u0131 onbe\u015ftir. Toplant\u0131da bulunanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin oyu ile karar verilir. Birinci toplant\u0131da \u00fc\u00e7te iki oy \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sa\u011flanamazsa ikinci toplant\u0131da bulunanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fuyla karar verilir.<\/p>\n
Bu maddede h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde, Hukuk Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bu Kanunun mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmaya devam olunur.\u201d bi\u00e7imindeki d\u00fczenleme, 08.03.2018 tarihli ve 30354 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fckerrer Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7079 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2l Kapsam\u0131nda Baz\u0131 D\u00fczenlemeler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin De\u011fi\u015ftirilerek Kabul Edilmesine Dair Kanun’un 40. maddesiyle aynen kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle 2018 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131ndan itibaren Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu, mevcut g\u00f6revlerinin yerine getirilmesi hususunda sabit heyetle toplan\u0131p karar vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunda su\u00e7 ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm dairelerden gelen dosyalar\u0131n karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131na, derdest dosyalar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu ve niteli\u011fine, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri gere\u011fi \u00f6nceden de\u011fi\u015fken tek heyet, sonradan ise sabit tek heyet h\u00e2linde ve haftada en fazla 1-2 g\u00fcn toplanabilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin bir uzmanl\u0131k mahkemesi bi\u00e7iminde faaliyet g\u00f6stermesi, bu Dairenin dahi yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n makul s\u00fcrede tamamlanabilmesi i\u00e7in haftan\u0131n bir \u00e7ok g\u00fcn\u00fc ve birden fazla heyetle toplanarak yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131yor olmas\u0131, mevcut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensipleri ve su\u00e7 tarihinden sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p belirginle\u015fen i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle Yarg\u0131tay’da yarg\u0131lanacak ki\u015filerin kovu\u015fturma makam\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Kurulu olarak belirlenmesi, bu Kurulun \u00f6nceden istisnai g\u00f6revi olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yarg\u0131lama yapma yetkisini asli g\u00f6revi h\u00e2line getirece\u011fi, bu nedenle hem derdest dosyalar\u0131n, hem de kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere gelen dosyalar\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na uygun olarak makul s\u00fcrede tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015faca\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kovu\u015fturma yapma yetkisinin Yarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairesine devredilmesine dair d\u00fczenlemenin, salt Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunca bu g\u00f6revin yerine getirilmesindeki zorluk yerine, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gibi evrensel hukuk ilke ve kurallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcst normlardan kaynaklanan zorunlulu\u011fun gere\u011fi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00fczerine kovu\u015fturman\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay ilgili ceza dairesince yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n usul ve kanuna uygun oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle; san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin kanuni h\u00e2kim ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinde yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin usuli itirazlar\u0131 da yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2- SAV; San\u0131k; T\u00fcrk Hukukunda B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin faaliyete ge\u00e7mesiyle \u00fc\u00e7 dereceli yarg\u0131 sistemine ge\u00e7ildi\u011fini, bu bak\u0131mdan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda iki dereceli yarg\u0131 sisteminin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve bu suretle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
De\u011ferlendirme;<\/p>\n
San\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015fisel su\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kovu\u015fturma makam\u0131n\u0131n ilk derece mahkemeleri olmay\u0131p g\u00f6revli mercinin Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi olmas\u0131, 25.03.2016 tarihi itibar\u0131yla i\u00e7 hukukumuzun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line gelen Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin (A\u0130HS) Ek 7 nolu Protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn 2. maddesinde; ilgili ki\u015finin, hakk\u0131nda kurulan h\u00fckm\u00fc daha y\u00fcksek bir mahkemeye inceletme hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun belirtilmesi, CMK’n\u0131n 304. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n; ilk derece mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen ve do\u011frudan temyiz yolu a\u00e7\u0131k bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ili\u015fkin usul kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva etmesi ve 2797 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 41. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 15. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda, ilk derece mahkemesi olarak \u00d6zel dairelerce verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin Ceza Genel Kurulunca temyiz yoluyla incelenece\u011finin belirtilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda kurulan mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201ctemyiz\u201d kanun yoluna t\u00e2bi oldu\u011fu ve somut olayda \u00fc\u00e7 dereceli yarg\u0131 sisteminin s\u00f6z konusu olmay\u0131p istinaf kanun yolu denetiminden ge\u00e7mesi gereken bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 ceza muhakemesinde \u00f6nemli bir teminat niteli\u011findedir. Ancak Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ek 7. Protokol\u00fcn 2. maddesine g\u00f6re, kanun yolu hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 iki istisnai halde s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu istisnalardan biri, yasada d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f haliyle \u00f6nem derecesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kanun yolu hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlanabilir ve temyiz incelemesine t\u00e2bi k\u0131l\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n istinaf incelemesi ile yetinilebilirken; Protokol h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re kanun yolu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir di\u011fer istisna da yarg\u0131 yerine ili\u015fkindir. Yani ilgilinin birinci derece mahkemesi olarak en y\u00fcksek mahkemede yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda da kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilmesi istinaf edilmeksizin temyiz yoluna tabi k\u0131l\u0131nabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak burada \u00f6nemli olan ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesinin kararlar\u0131nda da belirtilen husus, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ihlal edilmemesidir. Bu noktada Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 26.09.2017 tarihli 2017\/16-956 E. 2017\/370 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, Daire karar\u0131n\u0131n temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine “inceleme konusu olayda B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi denetiminden ge\u00e7en bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamas\u0131 da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde; temyiz incelemesinin hukuki denetim ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Nitekim bu de\u011ferlendirme Daire taraf\u0131ndan verilen ilk derece h\u00fck\u00fcmleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hukuki denetim yan\u0131s\u0131ra maddi soruna ili\u015fkin denetimi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle gereklidir.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla, san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin bu y\u00f6ndeki usul\u00ee itiraz\u0131na da itibar edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Burada ifade etmek gerekir ki; s\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck, y\u00fcz y\u00fczelik ve do\u011frudan do\u011fruyal\u0131k ilkelerini uygulayarak ge\u00e7mi\u015fte olan bir olay\u0131n nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle \u00f6\u011frenme muhakemesi yapan ilk derece mahkemesince yap\u0131lan tespitlerin ve var\u0131lan kanaatin, belirsiz, eksik, \u00e7eli\u015fkili, mant\u0131k ve deneyim kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, temyiz kanun yolunda temyiz mahkemesince maddi olgu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle yeniden tespit ve kanaat olu\u015fturulup de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemesine \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
3- SAV; San\u0131k; hi\u00e7bir delil olmadan hakk\u0131nda darbeye te\u015febb\u00fcs su\u00e7undan soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi olma su\u00e7undan dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve karar verildi\u011fini, iddianamenin hukuken ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funu, hukukili\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 delillerin sonradan topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
De\u011ferlendirme;<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun 2. maddesinde soru\u015fturman\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131na yer verilmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 158. maddesinde ihbar ve \u015fik\u00e2yet, 160. maddesinde bir su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenen Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi, 161. maddesinde Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri, 164. maddesinde ise adl\u00ee kolluk ve g\u00f6revi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 2. maddesinin (e) bendinde soru\u015fturma; \u201cKanuna g\u00f6re yetkili mercilerce su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesinin \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden iddianamenin kabul\u00fcne kadar ge\u00e7en evreyi,.. ifade eder\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f,<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130hbar ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 158. maddesi;<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) Su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin ihbar veya \u015fik\u00e2yet, Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya kolluk makamlar\u0131na yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
(2) Valilik veya kaymakaml\u0131\u011fa ya da mahkemeye yap\u0131lan ihbar veya \u015fik\u00e2yet, ilgili Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n
(3) Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flenip \u00fclkede takibi gereken su\u00e7lar hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin el\u00e7ilik ve konsolosluklar\u0131na da ihbar veya \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunulabilir.<\/p>\n
(4) Bir kamu g\u00f6revinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia edilen bir su\u00e7 nedeniyle, ilgili kurum ve kurulu\u015f idaresine yap\u0131lan ihbar veya \u015fik\u00e2yet, gecikmeksizin ilgili Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n
(5) \u0130hbar veya \u015fik\u00e2yet yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7irilmek \u00fczere s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
(6) \u0130hbar ve \u015fik\u00e2yet konusu fiilin su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n herhangi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmeksizin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ihbar ve \u015fik\u00e2yetin soyut ve genel nitelikte olmas\u0131 durumunda soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilir. Bu durumda \u015fik\u00e2yet edilen ki\u015fiye \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131 verilemez. Soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar, varsa ihbarda bulunana veya \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iye bildirilir ve bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 173 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddedeki usule g\u00f6re itiraz edilebilir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturma i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flat\u0131r. Bu f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler ve verilen kararlar, bunlara mahsus bir sisteme kaydedilir. Bu kay\u0131tlar, ancak Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, h\u00e2kim veya mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
(7) Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma sonucunda kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ildikten sonra su\u00e7un \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde; ma\u011fdur a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7medi\u011fi takdirde, yarg\u0131lamaya devam olunur.\u201d,<\/p>\n
\u201cBir su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenen Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 160. maddesi;<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, ihbar veya ba\u015fka bir suretle bir su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi izlenimini veren bir h\u00e2li \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maya yer olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek \u00fczere hemen i\u015fin ger\u00e7e\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
(2) Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, madd\u00ee ger\u00e7e\u011fin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve adil bir yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, emrindeki adl\u00ee kolluk g\u00f6revlileri marifetiyle, \u015f\u00fcphelinin lehine ve aleyhine olan delilleri toplayarak muhafaza alt\u0131na almakla ve \u015f\u00fcphelinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d,<\/p>\n
\u201cCumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 161. maddesi;<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya veya emrindeki adl\u00ee kolluk g\u00f6revlileri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yapabilir; yukar\u0131daki maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara varmak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn kamu g\u00f6revlilerinden her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilgiyi isteyebilir. Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, adl\u00ee g\u00f6revi gere\u011fince nezdinde g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkemenin yarg\u0131 \u00e7evresi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir i\u015flem yapmak ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca, bu hususta o yer Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ister.<\/p>\n
(2) Adl\u00ee kolluk g\u00f6revlileri, elkoyduklar\u0131 olaylar\u0131, yakalanan ki\u015filer ile uygulanan tedbirleri emrinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na derh\u00e2l bildirmek ve bu Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n adliyeye ili\u015fkin b\u00fct\u00fcn emirlerini gecikmeksizin yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
(3) Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, adl\u00ee kolluk g\u00f6revlilerine emirleri yaz\u0131l\u0131; acele h\u00e2llerde, s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak verir. S\u00f6zl\u00fc emir, en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak da bildirilir.<\/p>\n
(4) Di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlileri de, y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte olan soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan bilgi ve belgeleri, talep eden Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na vakit ge\u00e7irmeksizin temin etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr…\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
CMK\u2019n\u0131n 158. maddesine g\u00f6re as\u0131l olan ihbar veya \u015fik\u00e2yetin Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya kolluk birimlerine yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Valilik, kaymakaml\u0131k ya da mahkemelere yap\u0131lan ihbar veya \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin de ilgili Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesi gerekir. \u0130lgili d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re bir su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren ihbar veya \u015fik\u00e2yetlerle ilgili g\u00f6revlendirilen makam Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ad\u0131na hareket eden kolluk birimleridir.
\nSoru\u015fturman\u0131n \u201ckamusall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ve kural olarak \u201cmecburili\u011fi\u201d ilkesi uyar\u0131nca Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, ihbar veya ba\u015fka bir suretle bir su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi izlenimi veren bir h\u00e2li \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maya yer olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek \u00fczere i\u015fin ger\u00e7e\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. CMK’n\u0131n 160\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re, savc\u0131n\u0131n bu evredeki g\u00f6revi bir su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi izlenimi veren bir h\u00e2li \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez i\u015fin ger\u00e7e\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Soru\u015fturma evresi, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine g\u00f6re; su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesinin \u00f6\u011frenilmesi an\u0131nda ba\u015flar ve mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan iddianamenin kabul\u00fcne kadar ge\u00e7en evreyi kapsar ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yetki ve sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Soru\u015fturma evresinin asli g\u00f6revli ve yetkilisi Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131, soru\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 6. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunan temel haklara ve evrensel hukuk kurallar\u0131na sayg\u0131 i\u00e7inde hareket etmelidir. Bu nedenle, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve adil bir yarg\u0131lanman\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u015f\u00fcphelinin lehine ve aleyhine olan t\u00fcm delilleri toplay\u0131p koruma alt\u0131na almak ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015f\u00fcphelinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumakla g\u00f6revlidir. Bu anlamda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 nesnel davranmak y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 160. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, ihbar veya ba\u015fka bir suretle bir su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi izlenimini veren bir h\u00e2li \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maya yer olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek \u00fczere hemen i\u015fin ger\u00e7e\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131, 161. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya veya emrindeki adli kolluk g\u00f6revlileri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yapabilece\u011fi ve 170. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ma g\u00f6revinin Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilece\u011fi belirtildikten sonra, ayn\u0131 maddenin devam eden f\u0131kralar\u0131nda; soru\u015fturma evresi sonunda toplanan deliller, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi hususunda yeterli \u015f\u00fcphe olu\u015fturuyorsa; Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir iddianame d\u00fczenleyece\u011fi, g\u00f6revli ve yetkili mahkemeye hitaben d\u00fczenlenen iddianamede; \u015f\u00fcphelinin kimli\u011finin, varsa m\u00fcdafisinin, maktul, ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin kimli\u011finin, ma\u011fdurun veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin vekilinin veya kanun\u00ee temsilcisinin, a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131nda sak\u0131nca bulunmamas\u0131 halinde ihbarda bulunan ki\u015finin kimli\u011finin, \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunan ki\u015finin kimli\u011finin, \u015fik\u00e2yetin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihin, y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7 ve uygulanmas\u0131 gereken kanun maddelerinin, y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi yerin, tarihin ve zaman diliminin, su\u00e7un delillerinin, \u015f\u00fcphelinin tutuklu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n; tutuklanm\u0131\u015f ise, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma ve tutuklama tarihleri ile bunlar\u0131n s\u00fcrelerinin g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yine bu madde uyar\u0131nca; iddianamede, y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7u olu\u015fturan olaylar\u0131n, mevcut delillerle ili\u015fkilendirilerek a\u00e7\u0131klanaca\u011f\u0131, iddianamenin sonu\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda, \u015f\u00fcphelinin sadece aleyhine olan hususlar\u0131n de\u011fil, lehine olan hususlar\u0131n da ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi, iddianamenin sonu\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda da, i\u015flenen su\u00e7 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerinden hangilerine h\u00fckmedilmesinin istendi\u011finin; su\u00e7un t\u00fczel ki\u015finin faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenmesi halinde, ilgili t\u00fczel ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda uygulanabilecek olan g\u00fcvenlik tedbirinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nAyr\u0131ca ifade etmek gerekir ki; ceza muhakemesi hukukumuzda duru\u015fman\u0131n do\u011frudan do\u011fruyal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (y\u00fcz y\u00fczelik) ve s\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkeleri esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup h\u00fck\u00fcm verecek olan mahkeme h\u00e2kimi san\u0131k, tan\u0131k ve olay\u0131n t\u00fcm delilleri ile birebir kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelecektir. B\u00f6ylece, belirtilen ilkeler ile Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6. maddesinde yer alan \u201cadil yarg\u0131lama\u201d hakk\u0131n\u0131n temel gerekleri ve CMK’n\u0131n 217. maddesi uyar\u0131nca h\u00e2kim, karar\u0131n\u0131 ancak duru\u015fmaya getirilmi\u015f ve huzurunda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f delillere dayand\u0131rabilecektir.<\/p>\n
Yine, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda hangi hususun hangi delillerle ispat olunaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama bulunmay\u0131p delil serbestisi i\u00e7inde yarg\u0131lama yapan h\u00e2kim, hukuka uygun \u015fekilde elde edilmi\u015f her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delili kullanmak suretiyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n aleyhine oldu\u011fu kadar lehine olan delilleri de ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p de\u011ferlendirerek ku\u015fkudan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir sonuca ula\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131lama konusu olay\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin bulunabilmesi i\u00e7in ispat amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan her ara\u00e7 delil olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n
Ceza muhakemesinin amac\u0131, usul kurallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkeler nazara al\u0131narak, somut ger\u00e7e\u011fin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak bi\u00e7imde kesin olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu; adil, etkin ve hukuka uygun bir yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131larak maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe varmay\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle, ula\u015f\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn delillerin ele al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, adaletin tam olarak tecelli edebilmesi i\u00e7in, maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fma amac\u0131na hizmet edecek t\u00fcm kanuni delillerin toplanmas\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n
Bu do\u011frultuda, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’da delillere ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerde mahkemenin de her bir delile re’sen ula\u015f\u0131p o delili tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7mas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6zel ve teknik bilgiyi gerektiren h\u00e2llerde re’sen bilirki\u015fiye ba\u015fvurulabilmesi, naip veya istinabe olunan h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015fif yap\u0131labilmesi gibi d\u00fczenlemeler de bu y\u00f6ndeki kabul\u00fc do\u011frular niteliktedir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, CMK’n\u0131n 332. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, mahkemenin \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlardan yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bilgi isteyebilmesi de talep ko\u015fuluna ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, medeni muhakemeden farkl\u0131 olarak ceza muhakemesinde benimsenen en \u00f6nemli prensibin, h\u00e2kimin de delil ara\u015ft\u0131rabilmesi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n usul\u00ee itirazlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;<\/p>\n
15.07.2016 tarihinde FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe giri\u015fimi nedeniyle Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, soru\u015fturman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li do\u011frultusunda ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 161. maddesinin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131na uygun olarak genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131larak d\u00fczenlenen iddianame \u00fczerine \u00d6zel Dairece \u201c\u0130ncelenen iddianamede Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun 170\/3. maddesindeki bilgilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u olu\u015fturan olaylar\u0131n mevcut delillerle ili\u015fkilendirilerek a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n lehine ve aleyhine olan hususlar\u0131n ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015flenen su\u00e7 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerinin hangilerine h\u00fckmedilmesinin talep edildi\u011fi\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle iddianamenin kabul\u00fcne karar verildi\u011fi,
\nAyr\u0131ca, ceza muhakemesine h\u00e2kim olan re’sen ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve delillerin serbest\u00e7e de\u011ferlendirilmesi ilkesi do\u011frultusunda, kovu\u015fturma makam\u0131nca gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n hem aleyhine hem de lehine olabilecek t\u00fcm delillerin toplanmas\u0131na dair i\u015flemlerinin makul s\u00fcrede ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
De\u011ferlendirildi\u011finden, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n da kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4- SAV; San\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisi; soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda dosyaya eri\u015fimlerinin engellendi\u011fini, savunma haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeterli imk\u00e2nlara kavu\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, keza genel olarak soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma a\u015famalar\u0131nda savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanarak adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
De\u011ferlendirme;<\/p>\n
Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131ndaki savunma haklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 demokratik toplumun temel bir ilkesidir (AYM; B. No: 014\/9817, 26.02.2015), A\u0130HM de bu kapsamda hakkaniyete uygun bir yarg\u0131lama i\u00e7in yarg\u0131laman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlerin, savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n yeterince kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile uyumlu olmas\u0131 ve bu haklar\u0131n teorik ve soyut de\u011fil, etkili ve pratik \u015fekilde yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r (Ludi\/\u0130svi\u00e7re, B.No:12433\/86, 15.06.1992; Artico\/\u0130talya, B.No:6694\/74, 13.05.1980).<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, delillerin yerindeli\u011fi incelemesi yapmayan ve bu konunun ulusal yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131n takdirinde oldu\u011funu belirten A\u0130HM, elde edilen deliller d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak inceleyip bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ilgilinin adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edilip edilmedi\u011fine karar vermektedir (A\u0130HM, Khan\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, 12.05.2000, B.No: 35394\/97, \u00a7 34). A\u0130HM, delillerle ilgili olarak, ba\u015fvurucuya delillerin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine itiraz etme ve kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verilip verilmedi\u011fini esas almaktad\u0131r (Bykov\/Rusya, 10.03.2009, B.No: 4378\/02, \u00a7 90; Khodorkovskiy ve Lebedev\/Rusya, 25.07.2013, B.No: 11082\/06, 13772\/05, \u00a7 700). Bu manada esas olan, delilin keyfi ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olacak \u015fekilde san\u0131k aleyhine kullan\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak adil yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
San\u0131\u011fa soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda y\u00f6neltilen su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n; FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi ve bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yarg\u0131 yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu, bu su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca yap\u0131lan ifade alma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda san\u0131\u011fa sorulan sorularda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n farkl\u0131 tarihlerde al\u0131nan ifadelerinde an\u0131lan su\u00e7lamalarla ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde beyanlarda bulundu\u011fu, \u00f6te yandan, Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca 23.09.2016 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen tutuklama talep yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, san\u0131\u011fa isnat edilen su\u00e7lamalara ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verildi\u011fi, bu ba\u011flamda, su\u00e7a konu edilen olaylarla ilgili bilgi ve delillere yer verildi\u011fi, bu eylemlerin hukuki niteli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik olarak da de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunuldu\u011fu, an\u0131lan talep yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sorgu i\u015flemi \u00f6ncesinde Ankara 9. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan san\u0131\u011fa okundu\u011fu, ayr\u0131ca sorgu tutana\u011f\u0131nda san\u0131\u011fa isnat edilen su\u00e7un okunup anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorgu s\u0131ras\u0131nda su\u00e7lama konusu olaylarla ilgili anlat\u0131mda bulundu\u011fu, sorulan sorulara cevap verdi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca san\u0131k m\u00fcdafisinin tutuklulu\u011fa itiraz dilek\u00e7esinde de usul ve esasa ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde beyanda bulunuldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin isnat edilen su\u00e7lamalara ve tutuklulu\u011fa temel te\u015fkil eden bilgilere gerek sorgu \u00f6ncesinde gerekse sorgu sonras\u0131nda eri\u015fimlerinin oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla su\u00e7lamalara dayanak olan temel unsurlar\u0131n ve tutuklaman\u0131n hukukili\u011finin de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in esas olan bilgilerin san\u0131\u011fa veya m\u00fcdafisine bildirilmi\u015f ve san\u0131\u011fa bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 savunma ve itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrme imk\u00e2n\u0131 verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda dosyan\u0131n incelenmesine izin verilmemesi nedeniyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n; tutuklulu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde itirazda bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve genel olarak soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda ise san\u0131\u011fa ve m\u00fcdafisine geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde savunma yapma imk\u00e2n ve f\u0131rsat\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, zira kovu\u015fturma evresinde yap\u0131lan be\u015f oturumda da ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 SEGB\u0130S kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde savunmalar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131, t\u00fcm iddia, arg\u00fcman ve delillere kar\u015f\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde itiraz etme haklar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle, san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin bu a\u015famada da savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edildi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik iddialar\u0131na itibar edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5- SAV; San\u0131\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131k dinletilmesi taleplerinin reddedildi\u011fi ve beyanlar\u0131 h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenilme usullerinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131;<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131k, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeyen bir ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda, olay hakk\u0131nda be\u015f duyusu ile edindi\u011fi alg\u0131lamalar\u0131 ifadesiyle a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vuran ki\u015fidir. Herkes tan\u0131k olma ehliyetine sahip oldu\u011fundan \u00e7ocuklar ve ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131n\u0131n da tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvurabilecektir. Ancak tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na itibar edilip edilmeyece\u011fi yarg\u0131lama makam\u0131n\u0131n takdirindedir. Ceza muhakemesinde, tan\u0131k dinlemeye yetkili makam soru\u015fturma evresinde Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, kovu\u015fturma evresinde ise, mahkeme, naip hakim veya istinabe olunan hakimdir.<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131kl\u0131k, kamu hukukundan do\u011fan toplumsal bir \u00f6devdir. Bu nedenle tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, hukuka uygun olarak yap\u0131lan davet \u00fczerine adli makamlar \u00f6n\u00fcne gelmek, bildiklerini do\u011fru olarak anlatmak ve yemin etme \u00f6devi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte ceza muhakemesinde tan\u0131\u011fa baz\u0131 haklar da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n; tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme, kendisi ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunmaktan \u00e7ekinme, haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme, korunma, tazminat ve masraflar\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 dinleyecek olan makam taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nce tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n kimli\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi belirlenmelidir. Bu amaca y\u00f6nelik olarak tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131, soyad\u0131, ya\u015f\u0131, i\u015fi, yerle\u015fim yeri, i\u015fyeri, ge\u00e7ici olarak oturdu\u011fu yerin adresi, varsa telefon numaralar\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k veya ma\u011fdurla olan ili\u015fkisine dair sorular y\u00f6neltilecektir. Bu \u015fekilde tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n kimli\u011fi, olay\u0131n taraflar\u0131 ile olan ili\u015fkisi ve g\u00fcvenirli\u011fine ili\u015fkin bilgiler al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra tan\u0131\u011fa haklar\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmal\u0131, bu hat\u0131rlatma yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra da tan\u0131kl\u0131k g\u00f6revinin \u00f6nemi ve uymas\u0131 gereken kurallar anlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Konumuzla ilgisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikle, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ceza muhakemesi s\u00fcrecinde etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanmak amac\u0131yla ifade veren ki\u015filerin, aleyhine ifade verdikleri di\u011fer ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7undan yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamalarda tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan ve yeminden \u00e7ekinme haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa’n\u0131n 38. maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; hi\u00e7 kimsenin kendisini ve kanunda g\u00f6sterilen yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7layan bir beyanda bulunmaya veya bu yolda delil g\u00f6stermeye zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n “Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 45. maddesi;<\/p>\n
“(1) A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kimseler tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilir:<\/p>\n
a) \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n
b) Evlilik ba\u011f\u0131 kalmasa bile \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015fi.<\/p>\n
c) \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kan h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya kay\u0131n h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcstsoy veya altsoyu.<\/p>\n
d) \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc derece dahil kan veya ikinci derece dahil kay\u0131n h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131.<\/p>\n
e) \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131kla aralar\u0131nda evl\u00e2tl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 bulunanlar.<\/p>\n
(2) Ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ak\u0131l zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinmenin \u00f6nemini anlayabilecek durumda olmayanlar, kanun\u00ee temsilcilerinin r\u0131zalar\u0131yla tan\u0131k olarak dinlenebilirler. Kanun\u00ee temsilci \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k ise, bu ki\u015filerin \u00e7ekinmeleri konusunda karar veremez.<\/p>\n
(3) Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilecek olan kimselere, dinlenmeden \u00f6nce tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilecekleri bildirilir. Bu kimseler, dinlenirken de her zaman tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilirler”,<\/p>\n
“Kendisi veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131 aleyhine tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 48. maddesi; “Tan\u0131k, kendisini veya 45 inci maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen ki\u015fileri ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131na u\u011fratabilecek nitelikte olan sorulara cevap vermekten \u00e7ekinebilir. Tan\u0131\u011fa cevap vermekten \u00e7ekinebilece\u011fi \u00f6nceden bildirilir” \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinmede, b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2linde tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelmekte; burada ise tan\u0131k, kendisine sorulan sorulardan kendisi ya da say\u0131lan yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131na u\u011fratabilecek nitelikte olanlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan cevap vermeme takdirine sahiptir. Bu kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan hususlarda tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, salt bu madde uyar\u0131nca \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, CMK’n\u0131n “Yemin verilmeyen tan\u0131klar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 50. maddesi de;<\/p>\n
“(1) A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kimseler yeminsiz dinlenir:<\/p>\n
a) Dinlenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f olanlar.<\/p>\n
b) Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmamalar\u0131 nedeniyle yeminin niteli\u011fi ve \u00f6nemini kavrayamayanlar.<\/p>\n
c) Soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma konusu su\u00e7lara i\u015ftirakten veya bu su\u00e7lar nedeniyle su\u00e7luyu kay\u0131rmaktan ya da su\u00e7 delillerini yok etme, gizleme veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k veya h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olanlar” \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Doktrinde genel kabul g\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lar, anla\u015fma su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olup \u00e7ok failli su\u00e7lardand\u0131r (Zeki Haf\u0131zo\u011fullar\u0131 – Muharrem \u00d6zen, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler Topluma Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar, 2. Bask\u0131, US-A Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara, 2016, s. 270; T\u00fcrkan Yal\u00e7\u0131n Sancar, \u00c7ok Failli Su\u00e7lar, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara 1998, s. 137; Devrim Ayd\u0131n, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukukunda Su\u00e7a \u0130\u015ftirak, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2009, s. 277; Ersan \u015een, Su\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, May\u0131s 2018, s. 302, Vesile Sonay Evik, “Su\u00e7 \u0130\u015flemek Amac\u0131yla \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme Su\u00e7u”, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Hukuk Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, Prof. Dr. Nur Centel’e Arma\u011fan \u00d6zel Say\u0131, Y\u0131l: 2013, Cilt: 19, Say\u0131: 2, s. 673). Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f olan \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak da genel i\u015ftirak h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin \u00f6tesinde \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak ve y\u00f6netmekten ayr\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Zeki Haf\u0131zo\u011fullar\u0131 – Muharrem \u00d6zen, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler Topluma Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar, s. 276). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu su\u00e7 tipi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fc\u015fterek faillik suretiyle i\u015ftirak s\u00f6z konusu olamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f olan \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla farkl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir muhakemenin \u015f\u00fcpheli ya da san\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla s\u00fcjesi olan failin, ayn\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla yarg\u0131lanan di\u011fer ki\u015filerin varsa \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisindeki konumlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyetlerinin tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 konumunda olup bu ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davalarda tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla dinlenmesinde bir sak\u0131nca bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, di\u011fer san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7una m\u00fc\u015fterek fail s\u0131fat\u0131yla i\u015ftiraki de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu ki\u015filerin eylemlerine ili\u015fkin tan\u0131kl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan ve yeminden \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131r.
\nDi\u011fer yandan, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n \u201cEtkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 221. maddesi ise;<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u nedeniyle soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tan veya verdi\u011fi bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kurucu veya y\u00f6neticiler hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(2) \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeksizin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili makamlara bildirmesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(3) \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeden yakalanan \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyarak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli bilgi vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(4) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ya da \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m eden ki\u015finin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. Ki\u015finin bu bilgileri yakaland\u0131ktan sonra vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 verilecek cezada \u00fc\u00e7te birden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7e kadar indirim yap\u0131l\u0131r…\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup maddenin ilk d\u00f6rt f\u0131kras\u0131nda, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya bu ama\u00e7la kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgili etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k g\u00f6steren faillerin birbirinden farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullarla, cezan\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya cezada indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren \u015fahsi h\u00e2ller kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
05.06.1985 tarihli ve 3216 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Su\u00e7 Failleri Hakk\u0131nda Uygulanacak H\u00fck\u00fcmlere Dair Kanun, 25.03.1988 tarihli ve 3419 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve 29.07.2003 tarihli 4959 say\u0131l\u0131 Topluma Kazand\u0131rma Kanunu’na benzer \u015fekilde 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 221. maddesinde yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeyle; kanun koyucu, \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle etkin m\u00fccadele edebilmek i\u00e7in, \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 devletin yan\u0131na \u00e7ekerek bir yandan zay\u0131flat\u0131p di\u011fer yandan da \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin de\u015fifre olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak \u00f6rg\u00fct b\u00fcnyesinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren failleri yakalamay\u0131, \u201cetkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlanan san\u0131klar\u0131 topluma kazand\u0131rmay\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct b\u00fcnyesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen eylemleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ve benzer su\u00e7lar\u0131n tekrar i\u015flenmesini \u00f6nlemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kanunda failin cezas\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya cezada indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir \u015fahsi h\u00e2l olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk kapsam\u0131nda savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ki\u015fiye bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 148. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan “kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir yarar vaadi” niteli\u011finde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ki\u015finin de kendi iradesiyle bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden yararlanmay\u0131 kabul ederek ifade vermesinde ve bu ifadenin ba\u015fka ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davalarda, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na uygun olarak o davalar\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkin itiraz yollar\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle delil olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dosyan\u0131n incelenmesinde; beyanlar\u0131 h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan tan\u0131klar\u0131n kendi haklar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalarda m\u00fcdafileri huzurunda al\u0131nan ifadelerinde kendi iradeleriyle beyanda bulunmu\u015f olmalar\u0131, a\u015famalarda herhangi bir kimse taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 vaatte bulundu\u011funa ya da bu y\u00f6nde zorland\u0131klar\u0131na dair delile dayanan somut iddialar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki oturumlarda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 SEGB\u0130S kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kendilerine tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin kanuni haklar\u0131n\u0131n hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131, her birinin tan\u0131kl\u0131k yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve yemin de edeceklerini s\u00f6yleyerek san\u0131k m\u00fcdafisinin de haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu ortamda beyanda bulunmu\u015f olmalar\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu tan\u0131klar\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin beyanda bulunmalar\u0131 ve bu su\u00e7a m\u00fc\u015fterek fail s\u0131fat\u0131yla i\u015ftirak etmemeleri nedeniyle tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan ve yeminden \u00e7ekinme haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, bununla birlikte, san\u0131k m\u00fcdafisinin de haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu ortamda beyanda bulunan tan\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 san\u0131k m\u00fcdafisine tan\u0131klara soru sorma ve bu beyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisine savunma yapma haklar\u0131n\u0131n etkin \u015fekilde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenilme usulleri ve bu beyanlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilerek h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 delile dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6- SAV; San\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisi; \u00d6zel Dairece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda talebi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen TCK\u2019n\u0131n 62. maddesi uyar\u0131nca hakk\u0131nda takdiri indirim nedenlerinin 1\/12 olacak \u015fekilde hakk\u0131nda eksik uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
De\u011ferlendirme;<\/p>\n
5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun “Takdiri indirim nedenleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 62. maddesi;<\/p>\n
“1) Fail yarar\u0131na cezay\u0131 hafifletecek takdiri nedenlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde, a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 yerine, m\u00fcebbet hapis; m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 yerine, yirmibe\u015f y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 verilir. Di\u011fer cezalar\u0131n alt\u0131da birine kadar\u0131 indirilir.<\/p>\n
2) Takdiri indirim nedeni olarak, failin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, sosyal ili\u015fkileri, fiilden sonraki ve yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecindeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, cezan\u0131n failin gelece\u011fi \u00fczerindeki olas\u0131 etkileri gibi hususlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulabilir. Takdiri indirim nedenleri kararda g\u00f6sterilir” \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 62. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda takdiri indirim nedenleri say\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra “gibi” denilmek suretiyle takdiri indirim nedenlerinin kanunda say\u0131lanlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine bunlar\u0131n \u00f6rnek olarak belirtildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunda say\u0131lan; “failin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, sosyal ili\u015fkileri, fiilden sonra ve yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecindeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, cezan\u0131n failin gelece\u011fi \u00fczerindeki olas\u0131 etkileri” gibi nedenler, uygulamada h\u00e2kimi s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil, yol g\u00f6sterici nitelikteki gerek\u00e7elerdir.<\/p>\n
Serbest takdir sisteminin sonucu olarak, san\u0131k yarar\u0131na takdiri indirim h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren nedenlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya yoklu\u011funu belirleme yetkisi yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan h\u00e2kime ait olacakt\u0131r. Zira yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreci boyunca maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fma ve adaleti sa\u011flama yolunda \u00e7aba harcayan h\u00e2kim, san\u0131\u011f\u0131 birebir g\u00f6zlemleyen ve bu ba\u011flamda takdiri indirim nedenlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da yoklu\u011funu en iyi tespit edebilecek konumda olan ki\u015fidir. H\u00e2kim; “failin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, sosyal ili\u015fkileri, fiilden sonra ve yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecindeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, cezan\u0131n failin gelece\u011fi \u00fczerindeki olas\u0131 etkileri”nin yan\u0131nda, somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilecek ve \u00f6nceden \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek nedenleri de birlikte de\u011ferlendirerek bu hususta hak, adalet ve nesafet kurallar\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde uygulama yapacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
07.06.1976 tarihli ve 3\u20134 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 ile bu do\u011frultudaki bir\u00e7ok Ceza Genel Kurulu karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; kanun koyucu, h\u00e2kime takdiri indirim h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda geni\u015f bir takdir yetkisi tan\u0131yarak uygulamada \u00e7\u0131kabilecek olan ve \u00f6nceden \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclme imkan\u0131 bulunmayan \u00e7e\u015fitli halleri kapsayacak bir kal\u0131p bulman\u0131n zorlu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda h\u00e2kimin bu yetkisini s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktan \u00f6zenle ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu tavr\u0131n\u0131 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019da da devam ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ancak h\u00e2kimin bu konudaki takdir yetkisi s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z de\u011fildir. B\u00fct\u00fcn kararlarda oldu\u011fu gibi takdiri indirimin uygulanmas\u0131na veya uygulanmamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar da gerek\u00e7eli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte g\u00f6sterilen gerek\u00e7elerin hak, adalet ve nasafet kurallar\u0131 ile dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine uygunlu\u011funun Yarg\u0131tay denetimine tabi olaca\u011f\u0131nda da \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasan\u0131n 141 ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 34. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca b\u00fct\u00fcn mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7eli yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Gerek\u00e7e, verilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131n akla, hukuka ve dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine uygun olarak izah edilmesidir. Yasal ve yeterli olmayan, dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine uymayan bir gerek\u00e7eyle karar verilmesi hem kanun koyucunun amac\u0131na uygun d\u00fc\u015fmeyecek, hem de taraflar\u0131 tatmin etmeyerek keyfili\u011fe yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.
\nBu itibarla; \u00d6zel Dairece, h\u00fckm\u00fcn gerek\u00e7e k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u201c…san\u0131\u011f\u0131n duru\u015fmalarda esas hakk\u0131nda savunma yapmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan ettikten sonra m\u00fcteakip celselerde esas hakk\u0131nda savunma yapmak istedi\u011fini belirterek eski celselerdeki savunmalar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011fa esas hakk\u0131nda savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in talep etti\u011fi belgelerin CD\/DVD ortam\u0131nda teslim edilmek istendi\u011finde, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, evraklar\u0131 fiziken talep etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi ile g\u00f6nderiyi teslim almad\u0131\u011f\u0131, talep etti\u011fi evraklar UYAP ortam\u0131nda g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde ise bu sefer de belgelerin CD\/DVD ortam\u0131nda kendisine verilmesini istedi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na herhangi bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yarg\u0131laman\u0131n uzamas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecindeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile isnat edilen su\u00e7lamaya ili\u015fkin herhangi bir pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlenmedi\u011fi…\u201d gerek\u00e7eleriyle yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a lehe olan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde talebi bulunan san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda takdiri indirim maddesinin uygulanmamas\u0131n\u0131n dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine, usul ve yasaya uygun oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
III- Bu A\u00e7\u0131klamalar I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Esasa \u0130li\u015fkin Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Konular\u0131 De\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;<\/p>\n
Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Y\u00fcksek Kurulu Genel Kurulunun 24.08.2016 tarihli ve 426 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile irtibat\u0131 ve iltisak\u0131 bulundu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilerek meslekten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen san\u0131k …\u2019nin kendisine ait oldu\u011funu ifade etti\u011fi 35796205358589 IMEI numaral\u0131 cihazda \u201c05052174768\u201d numaral\u0131 GSM hatt\u0131ndaN ByLock sistemine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ByLock kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair ilk tespit tarihinin 24.08.2014 oldu\u011fu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu sistemi kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair savunmalar\u0131n\u0131n aksine dosya kapsam\u0131nda bulunan ByLock Tespit ve De\u011ferlendirme Tutana\u011f\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere GSM numaras\u0131 aboneli\u011finin \u201c154999\u201d, ByLock User-ID numaras\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ByLock User-ID numaras\u0131 almak suretiyle sisteme dahil oldu\u011fu, ByLock Tespit Tutana\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 incelemede ayn\u0131 program\u0131 kullanan di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan ismi belirlenemeyen \u201c64392\u201d ID numaral\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cHaluk_b\u201d \u015feklinde kaydetti\u011fi, GSM hatt\u0131na ait internet HTS kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, 24.08.2014 ila 20.10.2014 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 46.166.160.137 ve 46.166.164.177 numaral\u0131 IP \u00fczerinden Ankara, Aksaray, Adana, Mersin\u2019de bulunan baz istasyonlar\u0131ndan toplam 8188 sinyal kayd\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, ba\u011flant\u0131 saatleri itibariyle servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan atanan genel ve \u00f6zel IP numaralar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak e\u015fle\u015ftirme ve grupland\u0131rma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, toplam 93 farkl\u0131 zaman diliminde ByLock isimli programa eri\u015fim sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla \u201c154999\u201d ID numaras\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6ylece san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ancak bir \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin sahip olabilece\u011fi gizli haberle\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131na kavu\u015ftu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
San\u0131k …\u2019nin 04.02.2015 tarihinde Asya Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e. nezdinde hesap a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 tarihte Vak\u0131fbank’tan 65.000 TL kredi \u00e7ekti\u011fi; Asya Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e. nezdinde a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaba 64.250 TL EFT g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ve 250 TL nakit yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131. 64.500 TL tutar\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi, bu i\u015flemin ekonomik mahiyeti anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 21.04.2015 tarihinde kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131nda bulunan tutar\u0131 USD’ye \u00e7evirdi\u011fi ve 21.05.2015 tarihinde 24.132,40 USD’lik kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, 02.07.2015 tarihinde 50.000 TL nakit yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, 07.07.2015 tarihinde 45.000 TL tutar\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi ayr\u0131ca 04.02.2015 tarihine kadar da eni\u015ftesi olan S\u00fcleyman Kurt\u2019a ait 2549769 hesap numaral\u0131 Bank Asya hesab\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u013110.07.2010 ile 16.01.2015 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 286 i\u015flem yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu hesapta da 70.705,46 TL hesap art\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n da bu hesab\u0131 kendisinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifade etti\u011fi ve b\u00f6ylelikle \u00f6rg\u00fct eleba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Asya Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra \u00f6rg\u00fcte destek sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla Asya Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131 nezdinde kendisi ve ba\u015fkas\u0131 ad\u0131na hesap a\u00e7t\u0131rarak para yat\u0131ran san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu tavr\u0131n\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de yer alma iradesini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131k …\u2019\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cemaat mensubu oldu\u011funu, kendisiyle ayn\u0131 sohbet grubu i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011funu, toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, himmet paras\u0131 verdi\u011fini, tan\u0131k …\u2019in san\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu yap\u0131ya mensup oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da bu \u015fekilde s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini, tan\u0131k …\u2019un kendisinin 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda hakimlik adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evi san\u0131k ve arkada\u015f\u0131na devretti\u011fini san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu evde cemaat olarak bilinen yap\u0131n\u0131n tertip etti\u011fi toplant\u0131lar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011funu, tan\u0131k …\u2019\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn sohbet imam\u0131 oldu\u011funu 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdi\u011fi sohbetlerde san\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve te\u015fhis etti\u011fi ifade etti\u011fi ve genel olarak tan\u0131klar\u0131n ifadelerinin a\u015famalardaki anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu, birbirini do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dosya kapsam\u0131na ve olu\u015fa da uygun oldu\u011fu san\u0131\u011f\u0131n hakimlik mesle\u011finin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer alan mahrem ki\u015filerden oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na hareket etmeye Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a se\u00e7ildikten sonraki d\u00f6nemde de devam etti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu hususlar birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcyesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla ve \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011finden kaynaklanan hiyerar\u015fi i\u00e7erisinde hareket ederek \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti\u2019nin t\u00fcm Anayasal kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir kamu g\u00f6reviyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan nih\u00e2i amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve basamak olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yarg\u0131sal mekanizmalara egemen olma faaliyetleri kapsam\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeli\u011fine yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6rg\u00fctsel motivasyon ile hareket ederek \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu suretle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n FET\u00d6\/PDY silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131na dahil oldu\u011fu ve at\u0131l\u0131 silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi, bu sebeplerle san\u0131k … y\u00f6n\u00fcnden TCK’n\u0131n 314. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7unun t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131yla olu\u015ftu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel Dairece mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcne esas al\u0131nan deliller kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; dosyan\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada dosya aras\u0131na giren tan\u0131klar …, … ve gizli tan\u0131k …’\u0131n beyanlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayarak h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131n sonuca etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f olup temyiz incelemesinde dikkate al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctte kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre ve bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisindeki \u00f6rg\u00fctsel eylemlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi itibar\u0131yla su\u00e7 kast\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun olmas\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn mahrem yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda ve bu yap\u0131lanman\u0131n da Yarg\u0131tay gibi \u00f6rg\u00fct taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan Anayasal bir kurum i\u00e7erisindeki \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde yer almas\u0131 bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme i\u00e7erisinde tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer delillerle ispatland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctsel saikle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemlerin vahameti ve i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7la meydana gelen tehlikenin a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren bu su\u00e7ta temel cezan\u0131n alt s\u0131n\u0131rdan uzakla\u015f\u0131larak yedi y\u0131l olarak tayin edilmesi dosya kapsam\u0131na uygun olup TCK\u2019n\u0131n 3. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen \u201corant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ilkesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla, san\u0131k hakk\u0131ndaki sal\u0131verilme talepleri ile h\u00fckm\u00fcn maddi ve usul hukukuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2lleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan temyiz denetimi sonucunda, san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan kurulan mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin \u00d6zel Daire karar\u0131 isabetli olup san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin hi\u00e7 bir delil olmadan soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131na, su\u00e7 \u00fcst\u00fc hali bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flemler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na, soru\u015fturma makamlar\u0131n\u0131n yetkisiz ve iddianamenin hukuken ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funa, mahkemenin kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak davaya bakmaya kendini g\u00f6revli veya yetkili g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, h\u00fckm\u00fcn hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle elde edilen delillere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131na, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve kanuni hakim ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine, su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, mahk\u00fbmiyete yeterli somut delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, takdiri indirim nedenlerinin uygulanmamas\u0131n\u0131n kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa, eksik ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile h\u00fck\u00fcm kuruldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin temyiz itirazlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n reddi ile san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan kurulan m\u00e2hkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn onanmas\u0131na karar verilmelidir.<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7 :<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle;<\/p>\n
1- Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin 28.05.2019 tarihli ve 68-84 say\u0131l\u0131; san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan kurulan mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn ONANMASINA,<\/p>\n
2- Dosyan\u0131n, Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesine g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na TEVD\u0130 ED\u0130LMES\u0130NE, 05.03.2020 tarihinde yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakerede \u00d6zel Dairece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda heyetteki en k\u0131demli \u00fcye yerine k\u0131demsiz \u00fcyenin heyet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n usul ve yasaya uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkin \u00f6n sorun bak\u0131m\u0131ndan oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla, mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn isabetli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan oy birli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bYarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 05.03.2020 tarihli, 2019\/633 E., 2020\/151 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T.C. Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 2019\/633 E., 2020\/151 K. “\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni” Karar\u0131 veren Yarg\u0131tay Dairesi : Ceza Genel Kurulu Mahkemesi :Ceza Dairesi Say\u0131s\u0131 : 68-84 Silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla yarg\u0131lama yapan Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesince 07.02.2019 tarih ve 13-7 say\u0131 ile; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n TCK’n\u0131n 314\/2, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1, TCK\u2019n\u0131n 53, 58\/9 ve 63. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca 10 y\u0131l 6 ay hapis cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, hak yoksunlu\u011funa, cezas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fckerrirlere \u00f6zg\u00fc infaz rejimine g\u00f6re \u00e7ektirilmesine ve mahsuba karar verilmi\u015ftir. H\u00fckm\u00fcn san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisi taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201conama\u201d istemli 07.10.2019 tarihli ve 96010 say\u0131l\u0131 tebli\u011fnamesiyle Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen dosya, Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesince 28.10.2019 tarih ve 9563-6436 say\u0131 ile g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 ile tevdi edildi\u011fi Ceza Genel Kurulunca de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle karara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00dcRK M\u0130LLET\u0130 ADINA CEZA GENEL KURULU KARARI Temyiz incelemesi yapan Ceza Genel Kurulunca dosya incelenip g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc: San\u0131k m\u00fcdafisinin duru\u015fmal\u0131 inceleme isteminin temyiz incelemesinin duru\u015fmal\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir bir neden g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden CMK’n\u0131n 299. maddesi uyar\u0131nca takdiren reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Ceza Genel Kurulunca yap\u0131lacak temyiz incelemesi; san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan kurulan mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn isabetli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin ise de; uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00f6nce …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n