Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere 31 May\u0131s 2010’da Gazze’ye insani yard\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131yan T\u00fcrk band\u0131ral\u0131 Mavi Marmara gemisine \u0130srail komandolar\u0131 bask\u0131n d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, 10 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f ve onlarca ki\u015fi yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mavi Marmara (2010) ve Madleen Gemisi (2025) olaylar\u0131, aralar\u0131nda 15 y\u0131l olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen uluslararas\u0131 hukuk, insani yard\u0131m, denizcilik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u0130srail\u2019in Gazze politikas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok ortak noktaya sahiptir.Madleen Gemisi olay\u0131 bir kez daha Filistin halk\u0131na uygulanan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muamelenin g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmesine de vesile olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Freedom Flotilla Coalition (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Filosu Koalisyonu) taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen ve insani yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra \u0130srail\u2019in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ablukay\u0131 protesto etmek amac\u0131 ile 1 Haziran 2025 tarihinde \u0130talya’n\u0131n Sicilya b\u00f6lgesindeki Catania liman\u0131ndan Gazze’ye do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kan, ad\u0131n\u0131 Gazze’nin ilk kad\u0131n bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Madleen Culab’dan alan insani yard\u0131m gemisi Madleen 8 Haziran 2025 tarihinde, Gazze’ye yakla\u015f\u0131k 185 kilometre mesafede, uluslararas\u0131 sularda \u0130srail Savunma Kuvvetleri (IDF) taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale edilerek durdurulmu\u015ftur. Bu insani hareketin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan gemide bulunan bebek mamas\u0131, un, pirin\u00e7, bebek bezi, hijyen malzemeleri, su, ar\u0131tma kitleri, t\u0131bbi malzemeler ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in gerekli protez malzemeleri, adeta kaderlerine terkedilmi\u015f Filistinlilere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak isteniyor ve unutulan, d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndeminde olmayan Filistin sorununa dikkat \u00e7ekilmek isteniyordu. <\/p>\n
Ne var ki, \u0130srail\u2019in hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutumlar\u0131 yolculuk devam ederken ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u0130srail insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (\u0130HA) taraf\u0131ndan gemiye beyaz, tahri\u015f edici bir madde p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130HA\u2019larla gemiye tahri\u015f edici madde p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi, elektronik cihazlara y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar, m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131 g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve sorgulama s\u0131ras\u0131nda zorla video izletme gibi eylemler, hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok hukuk ihlalinin, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 ve sava\u015f su\u00e7unun mimar\u0131 olan \u0130srail\u2019in Madleen gemisine y\u00f6nelik eylemlerinin de yaln\u0131zca siyasi de\u011fil, ciddi hukuki ve diplomatik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131na oturaca\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00f6yleki ;<\/p>\n
1. \u0130srail\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 sularda bir sivil gemiye m\u00fcdahalesi, UNCLOS kapsam\u0131nda Deniz Hukuku \u0130hlalidir<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne (UNCLOS) g\u00f6re, uluslararas\u0131 sularda seyreden bir gemi ba\u015fka bir devletin m\u00fcdahalesinden muaft\u0131r. Madleen Gemisi, Gazze\u2019ye yakla\u015f\u0131k 185 km uzakl\u0131kta uluslararas\u0131 sularda durdurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 hukukta, devletlerin egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken, egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk Dengesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Denizlerde egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, mutlaka uluslararas\u0131 hukuka (UNCLOS, denizcilik team\u00fclleri) uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail\u2019in bu m\u00fcdahalesi, egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak denizcilik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etmek anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130srail\u2019in bu m\u00fcdahalesi ile \u0130nsani yard\u0131ma eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 ihlal edilmi\u015ftir. Madleen Gemisinin ana amac\u0131 insani yard\u0131m olup, insani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi \u2013 uluslararas\u0131 insanc\u0131l hukuk ihlali niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail askerlerinin uluslararas\u0131 sularda sivil bir gemiye askeri m\u00fcdahalede bulunmas\u0131, hem uluslararas\u0131 hukuku hem de insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 insanc\u0131l hukuku ihlal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 insanc\u0131l hukuk (IHL), silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n etkilerini s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir dizi kurald\u0131r. Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda devletlerin ve devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n
-Bunun i\u00e7in \u015funlar gereklidir:<\/p>\n
-Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda insani yard\u0131m\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve engelsiz ge\u00e7i\u015fi<\/p>\n
-\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerindeki insani yard\u0131m g\u00f6revlilerinin hareket \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n
-Sivillerin (t\u0131bbi ve insani yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 dahil) korunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
-M\u00fcltecilerin, tutuklular\u0131n, yaral\u0131 ve hastalar\u0131n korunmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
IHL, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda sivillerin korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin 1949 tarihli D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 1977 ve 2005 tarihli Ek Protokollere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, sivillerin sava\u015f ortam\u0131nda korunmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar. Madleen Gemisi, Gazzede bulunan Filistinlilere bebek mamas\u0131, ila\u00e7, su ar\u0131tma cihazlar\u0131 ve g\u0131da ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bunlar\u0131n engellenmesi, sivillerin g\u0131da ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131na kolektif bir engel olu\u015fturarak sivillere y\u00f6nelik kolektif cezaland\u0131rma niteli\u011findedir. Bu durum, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 33., 55. ve 59. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalardan, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan, evsizlikten, ailesizlikten, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ve e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na eri\u015fememekten dolay\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n ana ma\u011fduru olan Filistinli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n etkilerinden korundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n etkilerinden korumay\u0131 ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan \u00c7ocuklar ve Silahl\u0131 \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalara \u0130li\u015fkin Revize K\u0131lavuz \u0130lkeleri bu anlamda \u00f6nemli belgelerdir.<\/p>\n
Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sivil koruma, \u00f6zellikle sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131nda sivillerin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n, onurlar\u0131n\u0131n ve temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri(1949 ) ve \u00f6zellikle 4 No\u2019lu S\u00f6zle\u015fme, sivillere y\u00f6nelik insani yard\u0131mlar\u0131n engellenmesini yasaklamakta ve sava\u015f ve i\u015fgal durumlar\u0131nda sivillerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bir ka\u00e7\u0131 belirtilen \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Madde 23 (c): \u201cTaraflar, sivil n\u00fcfusun temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan g\u0131da ve t\u0131bbi malzemelerin ge\u00e7i\u015fini engellemezler.\u201d<\/p>\n
Madleen gemisinde ta\u015f\u0131nan insani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi, bu maddeye a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Madde 27: \u201c\u0130\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki siviller, insanl\u0131k onuruna yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca az zorlukla korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Gazze\u2019ye uygulanan abluka ve Madleen\u2019deki insani yard\u0131m engeli, sivillerin temel insani haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Madde 33 :(Kolektif Cezaland\u0131rma Yasa\u011f\u0131) \u201cHi\u00e7bir taraf, sivil n\u00fcfusun herhangi bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc topluca cezaland\u0131ramaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
Madde 55-56: \u0130nsani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi yasakt\u0131r. Sava\u015f alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerdeki halka g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 yard\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Madde 59: \u201c\u0130\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki bir \u00fclkenin n\u00fcfusunun tamam\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yetersiz bir \u015fekilde besleniyorsa, \u0130\u015fgalci G\u00fc\u00e7, s\u00f6z konusu n\u00fcfus ad\u0131na yard\u0131m programlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul edecek ve bunlar\u0131 elindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn imk\u00e2nlarla kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Devletler veya Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 Komitesi gibi tarafs\u0131z insani yard\u0131m \u00f6rg\u00fctleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilebilecek bu t\u00fcr planlar, \u00f6zellikle g\u0131da maddeleri, t\u0131bbi malzeme ve giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn Akit Taraflar bu g\u00f6nderilerin serbest\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin verecek ve bunlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti edeceklerdir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Abluka ve yard\u0131m engeli, dolayl\u0131 olarak kolektif cezaland\u0131rma olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
Yine 1977 tarihli Ek Protokol I, Madde 70: \u201cTaraflar, sivil n\u00fcfusun ya\u015famsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 insani yard\u0131m\u0131n serbest\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin vermelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ek Protokol II, Madde 18: \u201cSivillere y\u00f6nelik yard\u0131m ve t\u0131bbi malzemenin engellenmesi yasakt\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu maddeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130srail\u2019in Madleen Gemisine m\u00fcdahalesinde uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ihlali oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130srail, Devlet erkini kullanarak pek \u00e7ok konuyu diplomatik yolla \u00e7\u00f6zebilecek iken, Orant\u0131s\u0131z G\u00fc\u00e7 Kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve Psikolojik Bask\u0131 uygulamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir sivil misyon oldu\u011fu iddia edilen Madleen Gemisine m\u00fcdahale, BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 16. Maddesi; \u201c\u0130\u015fkenceye varmayan ancak zalimane, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele veya cezaland\u0131rma olu\u015fturan fiiller \u00f6nlenecektir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde psikolojik i\u015fkence kapsam\u0131nda; “k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele”, “a\u011f\u0131r insan hakk\u0131 ihlali” ve \u201ci\u015fkence veya insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n
4. Madleen gemisi bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir protesto ve insani yard\u0131m hareketi olup, bu m\u00fcdahale ile Seyahat \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Engellendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir; <\/p>\n
Bu t\u00fcr sivil eylemlerin engellenmesi, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, toplanma hakk\u0131 ve seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n
5. Bayrak Devleti Yetki Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlali<\/p>\n
Madleen, \u0130ngiltere band\u0131ral\u0131 bir sivil yard\u0131m gemisidir. Uluslararas\u0131 sularda bir gemi, bayrak devleti hukukuna tabidir. Bayrak devleti yetkisi, uluslararas\u0131 deniz hukukunun temel ilkelerinden olup, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNCLOS) kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 sularda (a\u00e7\u0131k denizlerde) seyreden bir gemi, kendi bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 devletin yetki alan\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Geminin i\u00e7 d\u00fczeni, denetlenmesi ve cezai kovu\u015fturmaya tabi tutulmas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bayrak devleti (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130ngiltere) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir. Di\u011fer devletlerin, bayrak devleti r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan bu gemiye m\u00fcdahale etmesi hukuken yasakt\u0131r. Bunun istisnas\u0131n\u0131 korsanl\u0131k, k\u00f6le ticareti gibi a\u00e7\u0131k su\u00e7 durumlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Geminin 8 Haziran 2025’te uluslararas\u0131 sularda \u0130srail Savunma Kuvvetleri (IDF) taraf\u0131ndan zorla durdurulmas\u0131, y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, \u0130ngiltere’nin egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (IMO) veya Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131 (ICJ) nezdinde diplomatik ya da hukuki giri\u015fimlerde bulunup bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131 zaman i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n
Ancak \u0130srail\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 sularda \u0130ngiliz bayrakl\u0131 bir gemiye m\u00fcdahalesinin Uluslararas\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu, Bayrak devleti olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin egemenlik yetkisinin ihlal edildi\u011fini uluslararas\u0131 davalarda daha \u00f6nce verilmi\u015f bulunan kararlarda g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
-\u00d6rne\u011fin MV Saiga (No. 2) Davas\u0131 \u2013 ITLOS, 1999;<\/p>\n
1997\u2019de Saint Vincent band\u0131ral\u0131 bir tanker olan MV Saiga\u2019n\u0131n Gine yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan geminin Gine\u2019de yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yak\u0131t ticareti yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 ile, Gine karasular\u0131n\u0131n ve Gine’nin yarg\u0131 yetkisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 sularda iken durdurulup m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 davas\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Deniz Hukuku Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan 1982 tarihli Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi madde 292 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, uygun bir kefalet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Saiga\u2019n\u0131n ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n derhal serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Ancak, Saiga\u2019n\u0131n Ukraynal\u0131 kaptan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Gine m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lgesindeki eylemler sebebiyle Gine Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 ithalat, al\u0131m-sat\u0131m i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle Gine mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilme tarihi olan 17 Aral\u0131k 1997\u2019ye kadar Saiga ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu karar ile \u201cBayrak devleti\u201d ilkesinin mutlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6nceli\u011fi teyit edilmi\u015ftir.Mahkeme karar\u0131na esas olan h\u00fck\u00fcm a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n
Madde 292<\/p>\n
\u201cGeminin durdurulmas\u0131na acilen son verilmesi ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n acilen serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
1. Taraf devletlerden birinin yelkili makamlar\u0131, di\u011fer bir Taraf devletin bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir gemiyi durdurdu\u011funda ve gemiyi durduran devletin, i\u015fbu S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin makul bir teminat\u0131n veya di\u011fer mali bir garantinin yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde geminin durdurulmas\u0131na acilen son verilmesini veya m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n tulukluluk halinin sona ermesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine riayet etmedi\u011fi iddia edildi\u011fi takdirde, durdurmaya veya tutukluluk haline son verilmesi sorunu, taraflarca ortak anla\u015fma ile tespit edilen bir divana veya mahkemeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclebilir; geminin durdurulmas\u0131 veya m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131 tarihini takip eden 10 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde anla\u015fma olmazsa; bu sorun, taraflar ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc karar vermedik\u00e7e, durdurmaya veya tutuklamaya ba\u015fvuran devlet taraf\u0131ndan, 287. maddeye g\u00f6re kabul edilen bir divana veya mahkemeye veya Deniz Hukuku Uluslararas\u0131. Mahkemesine g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n
2. Geminin durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na veya tutukluluk halinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin talep, ancak bayrak devleti veya onun nam\u0131na yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
3. Divan veya mahkeme derhal bu talebi inceleyecek ve daha sonra geminin sahibi ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yetkili ulusal merciler \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 hususuna halel gelmeksizin, yaln\u0131zca durdurulma karar\u0131n\u0131n iptali veya tutuklaman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sorununu ele alacakt\u0131r. Durdurmaya veya tutuklamaya ba\u015fvuran devletin yetkili makamlar\u0131, her zaman, geminin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rma veya m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakma konusunda yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
4. Divan veya mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilen teminat veya di\u011fer mali garanti yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r yat\u0131r\u0131lmaz gemiyi durduran devletin yetkili makamlar\u0131, divan\u0131n veya mahkemenin durdurman\u0131n veya tutuklaman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar\u0131na derhal uyacaklard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
-\u00d6rne\u011fin; Rainbow Warrior Olay\u0131 \u2013 ICJ Tahkimi, 1985 ;<\/p>\n
1985\u2019te Greenpeace\u2019e ait \u201cRainbow Warrior\u201d gemisi, Frans\u0131z n\u00fckleer testlerini protesto etmek i\u00e7in Yeni Zelanda liman\u0131ndayken, Frans\u0131z ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bombalanarak bat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc..<\/p>\n
Yeni Zelanda taraf\u0131ndan bu olay\u0131n \u00fczerine Yabanc\u0131 bayrakl\u0131 gemiye sald\u0131r\u0131 ve egemenlik ihlali nedeniyle yap\u0131lan m\u00fcracaat \u00fczerine BM Tahkim Paneli taraf\u0131ndan verilen \u201cFransa\u2019n\u0131n Yeni Zelanda\u2019n\u0131n egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve liman g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ihlal etti\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar \u00fczerine Fransa \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemek ve tazminat \u00f6demek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu karar da Devletlerin, ba\u015fka bir devletin bayrakl\u0131 gemisine y\u00f6nelik hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahalelerin uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan korunmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
-\u00d6rne\u011fin; M\/V \u201cVirginia G\u201d Davas\u0131 \u2013 ITLOS, 2014<\/p>\n
Panama band\u0131ral\u0131 gemiye, Gine-Bissau\u2019nun m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lgesinde, karasular\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda durdurulup el konulmas\u0131 olay\u0131nda, Bayrak devleti ilkesinin karasular\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geni\u015f bir uygulama alan\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu vurgulanarak, \u201cEkonomik b\u00f6lge dahi olsa, m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k tehdit ya da cezai su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesi gereklidir\u201d denilmek suretiyle, Bayrak devleti Panama\u2019n\u0131n denetim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bundan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te g\u00f6zler UCM (Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi) ne \u00e7evrilecektir.2002\u2019de kurulan UCM, sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u gibi en a\u011f\u0131r uluslararas\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu olay da UCM’nin Gazze’deki sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7larla ilgili y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc soru\u015fturmalarla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun bu t\u00fcr olaylara kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu tepki, UCM’nin rol\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00f6nemini bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle sivillere insani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi gibi eylemler Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen kararlarda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
UCM’nin yetki alan\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ve su\u00e7lar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan, temel dayana\u011f\u0131 olan Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Madde 8\u2019e g\u00f6re: “Sivillere y\u00f6nelik insani yard\u0131m\u0131n kasten engellenmesi, a\u00e7 b\u0131rakma yoluyla sivil n\u00fcfusun hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131, sava\u015f su\u00e7u say\u0131l\u0131r.” Sivil n\u00fcfusu a\u00e7 b\u0131rakmak suretiyle hedef almak, \u00f6zellikle g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 gibi hayati maddelere ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 engellemek sava\u015f su\u00e7u say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Madleen gemisi sivil halka g\u0131da ve sa\u011fl\u0131k yard\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek hedefi ile yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olup, \u0130srail\u2019in bunu engellemesi Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Madde 8 uyar\u0131nca sava\u015f su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail\u2019in Gazze\u2019de uzun s\u00fcredir uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 abluka ve bu ba\u011flamda Madleen gemisine m\u00fcdahalesi, sivillere kar\u015f\u0131 sistematik ve yayg\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar, kolektif cezaland\u0131rma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Madde 7\u2019ye g\u00f6re insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n
Madleen Gemisi olay\u0131ndaki belgeler (gemi kay\u0131tlar\u0131, m\u00fcrettebat tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, video g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri), bir UCM davas\u0131nda delil olarak kullan\u0131labilir. UCM, bu t\u00fcr olaylar\u0131 incelemeye alma, \u00f6n soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatma, gerekirse tutuklama emri \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisine sahiptir. UCM, Filistin (Palestina) Devleti’nin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine Gazze’deki olaylar\u0131 inceleme yetkisine sahiptir.Bu ba\u011flamda, Madleen Gemisi Olay\u0131, UCM’nin \u00f6n soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatabilece\u011fi bir durumdur. Devam eden soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Keza UCM, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Benjamin Netanyahu ve eski Savunma Bakan\u0131 Yoav Gallant hakk\u0131nda Gazze’deki sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar nedeniyle tutuklama emirleri \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu su\u00e7lamalar aras\u0131nda, sivillere y\u00f6nelik kas\u0131tl\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, zul\u00fcm ve di\u011fer insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 eylemler de yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Madleen Gemisi Olay\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 deniz hukuku, insan haklar\u0131 hukuku ve uluslararas\u0131 ceza hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumda geni\u015f yank\u0131 bulmu\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli hukuki tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. UCM’nin bu olay\u0131 incelemesi, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fini ve etkinli\u011fini test etmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki uluslararas\u0131 hukukun uygulanabilirli\u011finin ve etkinli\u011finin test edilece\u011fi yeni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Bayrak Devlet olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sert tepkisi, BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi ve Genel Kurul\u2019da konunun g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, di\u011fer Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ve Norve\u00e7\u2019in deste\u011fiyle uluslararas\u0131 koalisyonun olu\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndeminde yeniden Filistin davas\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ve g\u00fcndeme gelmesine vesile olmu\u015ftur. Madleen insani yard\u0131m konusunda hedefine ula\u015famasa da sonu\u00e7ta diplomatik ve siyasi anlamda hedefine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Filistin davas\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kaynak:<\/p>\n
-D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (1949) ve Ek Protokoller (1977) Resmi BM sitesi: https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/doc\/assets\/files\/other\/icrc_002_0173.pdf<\/p>\n
-Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 Komitesi (ICRC) sitesi: https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/ihl<\/p>\n
-Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNCLOS) BM Deniz Hukuku Metni: https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/los\/convention_agreements\/texts\/unclos\/unclos_e.pdf<\/p>\n
-Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc (Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi Stat\u00fcs\u00fc ICC resmi sitesi:<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/resource-library\/documents\/rs-eng.pdf<\/p>\n
-\u201cInternational Humanitarian Law\u201d \u2013 Jean-Marie Henckaerts, Louise Doswald-Beck ICRC taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan rehber.<\/p>\n
-\u201cThe Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War\u201d \u2013 Gary D. Solis<\/p>\n
-\u201cThe International Law of the Sea\u201d Yoshifumi Tanaka,\u0130ngilizce \u00e7eviri Donald R Rothwell ve Tim Stephens<\/p>\n
-\u0130nsani hukuk ve sava\u015f hukuku kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n merkezi: https:\/\/www.icrc.org<\/p>\n
-Cambridge Core ve Oxford Academic<\/p>\n
-Avrupa Birli\u011fi resmi veb sitesi: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/what\/humanitarian-aid\/international-humanitarian-law_en<\/p>\n
-BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi kararlar\u0131, UCM raporlar\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 mahkemelerin kararlar\u0131<\/p>\n
-BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u0130zleme \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (HRW) raporlar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u200bBilindi\u011fi \u00fczere 31 May\u0131s 2010’da Gazze’ye insani yard\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131yan T\u00fcrk band\u0131ral\u0131 Mavi Marmara gemisine \u0130srail komandolar\u0131 bask\u0131n d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, 10 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f ve onlarca ki\u015fi yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mavi Marmara (2010) ve Madleen Gemisi (2025) olaylar\u0131, aralar\u0131nda 15 y\u0131l olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen uluslararas\u0131 hukuk, insani yard\u0131m, denizcilik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u0130srail\u2019in Gazze politikas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok ortak noktaya sahiptir.Madleen Gemisi olay\u0131 bir kez daha Filistin halk\u0131na uygulanan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muamelenin g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmesine de vesile olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Freedom Flotilla Coalition (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Filosu Koalisyonu) taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen ve insani yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra \u0130srail\u2019in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ablukay\u0131 protesto etmek amac\u0131 ile 1 Haziran 2025 tarihinde \u0130talya’n\u0131n Sicilya b\u00f6lgesindeki Catania liman\u0131ndan Gazze’ye do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kan, ad\u0131n\u0131 Gazze’nin ilk kad\u0131n bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Madleen Culab’dan alan insani yard\u0131m gemisi Madleen 8 Haziran 2025 tarihinde, Gazze’ye yakla\u015f\u0131k 185 kilometre mesafede, uluslararas\u0131 sularda \u0130srail Savunma Kuvvetleri (IDF) taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale edilerek durdurulmu\u015ftur. Bu insani hareketin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan gemide bulunan bebek mamas\u0131, un, pirin\u00e7, bebek bezi, hijyen malzemeleri, su, ar\u0131tma kitleri, t\u0131bbi malzemeler ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in gerekli protez malzemeleri, adeta kaderlerine terkedilmi\u015f Filistinlilere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak isteniyor ve unutulan, d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndeminde olmayan Filistin sorununa dikkat \u00e7ekilmek isteniyordu. <\/p>\n
Ne var ki, \u0130srail\u2019in hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutumlar\u0131 yolculuk devam ederken ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u0130srail insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (\u0130HA) taraf\u0131ndan gemiye beyaz, tahri\u015f edici bir madde p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130HA\u2019larla gemiye tahri\u015f edici madde p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi, elektronik cihazlara y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar, m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131 g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve sorgulama s\u0131ras\u0131nda zorla video izletme gibi eylemler, hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok hukuk ihlalinin, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 ve sava\u015f su\u00e7unun mimar\u0131 olan \u0130srail\u2019in Madleen gemisine y\u00f6nelik eylemlerinin de yaln\u0131zca siyasi de\u011fil, ciddi hukuki ve diplomatik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131na oturaca\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00f6yleki ;<\/p>\n
1. \u0130srail\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 sularda bir sivil gemiye m\u00fcdahalesi, UNCLOS kapsam\u0131nda Deniz Hukuku \u0130hlalidir<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne (UNCLOS) g\u00f6re, uluslararas\u0131 sularda seyreden bir gemi ba\u015fka bir devletin m\u00fcdahalesinden muaft\u0131r. Madleen Gemisi, Gazze\u2019ye yakla\u015f\u0131k 185 km uzakl\u0131kta uluslararas\u0131 sularda durdurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 hukukta, devletlerin egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken, egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk Dengesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Denizlerde egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, mutlaka uluslararas\u0131 hukuka (UNCLOS, denizcilik team\u00fclleri) uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail\u2019in bu m\u00fcdahalesi, egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak denizcilik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etmek anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130srail\u2019in bu m\u00fcdahalesi ile \u0130nsani yard\u0131ma eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 ihlal edilmi\u015ftir. Madleen Gemisinin ana amac\u0131 insani yard\u0131m olup, insani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi \u2013 uluslararas\u0131 insanc\u0131l hukuk ihlali niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail askerlerinin uluslararas\u0131 sularda sivil bir gemiye askeri m\u00fcdahalede bulunmas\u0131, hem uluslararas\u0131 hukuku hem de insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 insanc\u0131l hukuku ihlal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 insanc\u0131l hukuk (IHL), silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n etkilerini s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir dizi kurald\u0131r. Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda devletlerin ve devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n
-Bunun i\u00e7in \u015funlar gereklidir:<\/p>\n
-Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda insani yard\u0131m\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve engelsiz ge\u00e7i\u015fi<\/p>\n
-\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerindeki insani yard\u0131m g\u00f6revlilerinin hareket \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n
-Sivillerin (t\u0131bbi ve insani yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 dahil) korunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
-M\u00fcltecilerin, tutuklular\u0131n, yaral\u0131 ve hastalar\u0131n korunmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
IHL, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda sivillerin korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin 1949 tarihli D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 1977 ve 2005 tarihli Ek Protokollere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, sivillerin sava\u015f ortam\u0131nda korunmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar. Madleen Gemisi, Gazzede bulunan Filistinlilere bebek mamas\u0131, ila\u00e7, su ar\u0131tma cihazlar\u0131 ve g\u0131da ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bunlar\u0131n engellenmesi, sivillerin g\u0131da ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131na kolektif bir engel olu\u015fturarak sivillere y\u00f6nelik kolektif cezaland\u0131rma niteli\u011findedir. Bu durum, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 33., 55. ve 59. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalardan, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan, evsizlikten, ailesizlikten, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ve e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na eri\u015fememekten dolay\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n ana ma\u011fduru olan Filistinli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n etkilerinden korundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n etkilerinden korumay\u0131 ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan \u00c7ocuklar ve Silahl\u0131 \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalara \u0130li\u015fkin Revize K\u0131lavuz \u0130lkeleri bu anlamda \u00f6nemli belgelerdir.<\/p>\n
Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sivil koruma, \u00f6zellikle sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131nda sivillerin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n, onurlar\u0131n\u0131n ve temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri(1949 ) ve \u00f6zellikle 4 No\u2019lu S\u00f6zle\u015fme, sivillere y\u00f6nelik insani yard\u0131mlar\u0131n engellenmesini yasaklamakta ve sava\u015f ve i\u015fgal durumlar\u0131nda sivillerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bir ka\u00e7\u0131 belirtilen \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Madde 23 (c): \u201cTaraflar, sivil n\u00fcfusun temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan g\u0131da ve t\u0131bbi malzemelerin ge\u00e7i\u015fini engellemezler.\u201d<\/p>\n
Madleen gemisinde ta\u015f\u0131nan insani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi, bu maddeye a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Madde 27: \u201c\u0130\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki siviller, insanl\u0131k onuruna yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca az zorlukla korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Gazze\u2019ye uygulanan abluka ve Madleen\u2019deki insani yard\u0131m engeli, sivillerin temel insani haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Madde 33 :(Kolektif Cezaland\u0131rma Yasa\u011f\u0131) \u201cHi\u00e7bir taraf, sivil n\u00fcfusun herhangi bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc topluca cezaland\u0131ramaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
Madde 55-56: \u0130nsani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi yasakt\u0131r. Sava\u015f alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerdeki halka g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 yard\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Madde 59: \u201c\u0130\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki bir \u00fclkenin n\u00fcfusunun tamam\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yetersiz bir \u015fekilde besleniyorsa, \u0130\u015fgalci G\u00fc\u00e7, s\u00f6z konusu n\u00fcfus ad\u0131na yard\u0131m programlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul edecek ve bunlar\u0131 elindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn imk\u00e2nlarla kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Devletler veya Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 Komitesi gibi tarafs\u0131z insani yard\u0131m \u00f6rg\u00fctleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilebilecek bu t\u00fcr planlar, \u00f6zellikle g\u0131da maddeleri, t\u0131bbi malzeme ve giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn Akit Taraflar bu g\u00f6nderilerin serbest\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin verecek ve bunlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti edeceklerdir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Abluka ve yard\u0131m engeli, dolayl\u0131 olarak kolektif cezaland\u0131rma olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
Yine 1977 tarihli Ek Protokol I, Madde 70: \u201cTaraflar, sivil n\u00fcfusun ya\u015famsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 insani yard\u0131m\u0131n serbest\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin vermelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ek Protokol II, Madde 18: \u201cSivillere y\u00f6nelik yard\u0131m ve t\u0131bbi malzemenin engellenmesi yasakt\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu maddeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130srail\u2019in Madleen Gemisine m\u00fcdahalesinde uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ihlali oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130srail, Devlet erkini kullanarak pek \u00e7ok konuyu diplomatik yolla \u00e7\u00f6zebilecek iken, Orant\u0131s\u0131z G\u00fc\u00e7 Kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve Psikolojik Bask\u0131 uygulamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir sivil misyon oldu\u011fu iddia edilen Madleen Gemisine m\u00fcdahale, BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 16. Maddesi; \u201c\u0130\u015fkenceye varmayan ancak zalimane, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele veya cezaland\u0131rma olu\u015fturan fiiller \u00f6nlenecektir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde psikolojik i\u015fkence kapsam\u0131nda; “k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele”, “a\u011f\u0131r insan hakk\u0131 ihlali” ve \u201ci\u015fkence veya insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n
4. Madleen gemisi bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir protesto ve insani yard\u0131m hareketi olup, bu m\u00fcdahale ile Seyahat \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Engellendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir; <\/p>\n
Bu t\u00fcr sivil eylemlerin engellenmesi, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, toplanma hakk\u0131 ve seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n
5. Bayrak Devleti Yetki Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlali<\/p>\n
Madleen, \u0130ngiltere band\u0131ral\u0131 bir sivil yard\u0131m gemisidir. Uluslararas\u0131 sularda bir gemi, bayrak devleti hukukuna tabidir. Bayrak devleti yetkisi, uluslararas\u0131 deniz hukukunun temel ilkelerinden olup, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNCLOS) kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 sularda (a\u00e7\u0131k denizlerde) seyreden bir gemi, kendi bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 devletin yetki alan\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Geminin i\u00e7 d\u00fczeni, denetlenmesi ve cezai kovu\u015fturmaya tabi tutulmas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bayrak devleti (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130ngiltere) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir. Di\u011fer devletlerin, bayrak devleti r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan bu gemiye m\u00fcdahale etmesi hukuken yasakt\u0131r. Bunun istisnas\u0131n\u0131 korsanl\u0131k, k\u00f6le ticareti gibi a\u00e7\u0131k su\u00e7 durumlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Geminin 8 Haziran 2025’te uluslararas\u0131 sularda \u0130srail Savunma Kuvvetleri (IDF) taraf\u0131ndan zorla durdurulmas\u0131, y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, \u0130ngiltere’nin egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (IMO) veya Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131 (ICJ) nezdinde diplomatik ya da hukuki giri\u015fimlerde bulunup bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131 zaman i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n
Ancak \u0130srail\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 sularda \u0130ngiliz bayrakl\u0131 bir gemiye m\u00fcdahalesinin Uluslararas\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu, Bayrak devleti olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin egemenlik yetkisinin ihlal edildi\u011fini uluslararas\u0131 davalarda daha \u00f6nce verilmi\u015f bulunan kararlarda g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
-\u00d6rne\u011fin MV Saiga (No. 2) Davas\u0131 \u2013 ITLOS, 1999;<\/p>\n
1997\u2019de Saint Vincent band\u0131ral\u0131 bir tanker olan MV Saiga\u2019n\u0131n Gine yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan geminin Gine\u2019de yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yak\u0131t ticareti yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 ile, Gine karasular\u0131n\u0131n ve Gine’nin yarg\u0131 yetkisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 sularda iken durdurulup m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 davas\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Deniz Hukuku Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan 1982 tarihli Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi madde 292 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, uygun bir kefalet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Saiga\u2019n\u0131n ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n derhal serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Ancak, Saiga\u2019n\u0131n Ukraynal\u0131 kaptan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Gine m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lgesindeki eylemler sebebiyle Gine Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 ithalat, al\u0131m-sat\u0131m i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle Gine mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilme tarihi olan 17 Aral\u0131k 1997\u2019ye kadar Saiga ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu karar ile \u201cBayrak devleti\u201d ilkesinin mutlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6nceli\u011fi teyit edilmi\u015ftir.Mahkeme karar\u0131na esas olan h\u00fck\u00fcm a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n
Madde 292<\/p>\n
\u201cGeminin durdurulmas\u0131na acilen son verilmesi ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n acilen serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
1. Taraf devletlerden birinin yelkili makamlar\u0131, di\u011fer bir Taraf devletin bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir gemiyi durdurdu\u011funda ve gemiyi durduran devletin, i\u015fbu S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin makul bir teminat\u0131n veya di\u011fer mali bir garantinin yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde geminin durdurulmas\u0131na acilen son verilmesini veya m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n tulukluluk halinin sona ermesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine riayet etmedi\u011fi iddia edildi\u011fi takdirde, durdurmaya veya tutukluluk haline son verilmesi sorunu, taraflarca ortak anla\u015fma ile tespit edilen bir divana veya mahkemeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclebilir; geminin durdurulmas\u0131 veya m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131 tarihini takip eden 10 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde anla\u015fma olmazsa; bu sorun, taraflar ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc karar vermedik\u00e7e, durdurmaya veya tutuklamaya ba\u015fvuran devlet taraf\u0131ndan, 287. maddeye g\u00f6re kabul edilen bir divana veya mahkemeye veya Deniz Hukuku Uluslararas\u0131. Mahkemesine g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n
2. Geminin durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na veya tutukluluk halinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin talep, ancak bayrak devleti veya onun nam\u0131na yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
3. Divan veya mahkeme derhal bu talebi inceleyecek ve daha sonra geminin sahibi ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yetkili ulusal merciler \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 hususuna halel gelmeksizin, yaln\u0131zca durdurulma karar\u0131n\u0131n iptali veya tutuklaman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sorununu ele alacakt\u0131r. Durdurmaya veya tutuklamaya ba\u015fvuran devletin yetkili makamlar\u0131, her zaman, geminin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rma veya m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakma konusunda yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
4. Divan veya mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilen teminat veya di\u011fer mali garanti yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r yat\u0131r\u0131lmaz gemiyi durduran devletin yetkili makamlar\u0131, divan\u0131n veya mahkemenin durdurman\u0131n veya tutuklaman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar\u0131na derhal uyacaklard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
-\u00d6rne\u011fin; Rainbow Warrior Olay\u0131 \u2013 ICJ Tahkimi, 1985 ;<\/p>\n
1985\u2019te Greenpeace\u2019e ait \u201cRainbow Warrior\u201d gemisi, Frans\u0131z n\u00fckleer testlerini protesto etmek i\u00e7in Yeni Zelanda liman\u0131ndayken, Frans\u0131z ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bombalanarak bat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc..<\/p>\n
Yeni Zelanda taraf\u0131ndan bu olay\u0131n \u00fczerine Yabanc\u0131 bayrakl\u0131 gemiye sald\u0131r\u0131 ve egemenlik ihlali nedeniyle yap\u0131lan m\u00fcracaat \u00fczerine BM Tahkim Paneli taraf\u0131ndan verilen \u201cFransa\u2019n\u0131n Yeni Zelanda\u2019n\u0131n egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve liman g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ihlal etti\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar \u00fczerine Fransa \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemek ve tazminat \u00f6demek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu karar da Devletlerin, ba\u015fka bir devletin bayrakl\u0131 gemisine y\u00f6nelik hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahalelerin uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan korunmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
-\u00d6rne\u011fin; M\/V \u201cVirginia G\u201d Davas\u0131 \u2013 ITLOS, 2014<\/p>\n
Panama band\u0131ral\u0131 gemiye, Gine-Bissau\u2019nun m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lgesinde, karasular\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda durdurulup el konulmas\u0131 olay\u0131nda, Bayrak devleti ilkesinin karasular\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geni\u015f bir uygulama alan\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu vurgulanarak, \u201cEkonomik b\u00f6lge dahi olsa, m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k tehdit ya da cezai su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesi gereklidir\u201d denilmek suretiyle, Bayrak devleti Panama\u2019n\u0131n denetim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bundan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te g\u00f6zler UCM (Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi) ne \u00e7evrilecektir.2002\u2019de kurulan UCM, sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u gibi en a\u011f\u0131r uluslararas\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu olay da UCM’nin Gazze’deki sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7larla ilgili y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc soru\u015fturmalarla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun bu t\u00fcr olaylara kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu tepki, UCM’nin rol\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00f6nemini bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle sivillere insani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi gibi eylemler Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen kararlarda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
UCM’nin yetki alan\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ve su\u00e7lar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan, temel dayana\u011f\u0131 olan Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Madde 8\u2019e g\u00f6re: “Sivillere y\u00f6nelik insani yard\u0131m\u0131n kasten engellenmesi, a\u00e7 b\u0131rakma yoluyla sivil n\u00fcfusun hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131, sava\u015f su\u00e7u say\u0131l\u0131r.” Sivil n\u00fcfusu a\u00e7 b\u0131rakmak suretiyle hedef almak, \u00f6zellikle g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 gibi hayati maddelere ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 engellemek sava\u015f su\u00e7u say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Madleen gemisi sivil halka g\u0131da ve sa\u011fl\u0131k yard\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek hedefi ile yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olup, \u0130srail\u2019in bunu engellemesi Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Madde 8 uyar\u0131nca sava\u015f su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail\u2019in Gazze\u2019de uzun s\u00fcredir uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 abluka ve bu ba\u011flamda Madleen gemisine m\u00fcdahalesi, sivillere kar\u015f\u0131 sistematik ve yayg\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar, kolektif cezaland\u0131rma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Madde 7\u2019ye g\u00f6re insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n
Madleen Gemisi olay\u0131ndaki belgeler (gemi kay\u0131tlar\u0131, m\u00fcrettebat tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, video g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri), bir UCM davas\u0131nda delil olarak kullan\u0131labilir. UCM, bu t\u00fcr olaylar\u0131 incelemeye alma, \u00f6n soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatma, gerekirse tutuklama emri \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisine sahiptir. UCM, Filistin (Palestina) Devleti’nin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine Gazze’deki olaylar\u0131 inceleme yetkisine sahiptir.Bu ba\u011flamda, Madleen Gemisi Olay\u0131, UCM’nin \u00f6n soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatabilece\u011fi bir durumdur. Devam eden soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Keza UCM, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Benjamin Netanyahu ve eski Savunma Bakan\u0131 Yoav Gallant hakk\u0131nda Gazze’deki sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar nedeniyle tutuklama emirleri \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu su\u00e7lamalar aras\u0131nda, sivillere y\u00f6nelik kas\u0131tl\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, zul\u00fcm ve di\u011fer insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 eylemler de yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Madleen Gemisi Olay\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 deniz hukuku, insan haklar\u0131 hukuku ve uluslararas\u0131 ceza hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumda geni\u015f yank\u0131 bulmu\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli hukuki tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. UCM’nin bu olay\u0131 incelemesi, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fini ve etkinli\u011fini test etmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki uluslararas\u0131 hukukun uygulanabilirli\u011finin ve etkinli\u011finin test edilece\u011fi yeni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Bayrak Devlet olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sert tepkisi, BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi ve Genel Kurul\u2019da konunun g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, di\u011fer Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ve Norve\u00e7\u2019in deste\u011fiyle uluslararas\u0131 koalisyonun olu\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndeminde yeniden Filistin davas\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ve g\u00fcndeme gelmesine vesile olmu\u015ftur. Madleen insani yard\u0131m konusunda hedefine ula\u015famasa da sonu\u00e7ta diplomatik ve siyasi anlamda hedefine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Filistin davas\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kaynak:<\/p>\n
-D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (1949) ve Ek Protokoller (1977) Resmi BM sitesi: https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/doc\/assets\/files\/other\/icrc_002_0173.pdf<\/p>\n
-Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 Komitesi (ICRC) sitesi: https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/ihl<\/p>\n
-Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNCLOS) BM Deniz Hukuku Metni: https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/los\/convention_agreements\/texts\/unclos\/unclos_e.pdf<\/p>\n
-Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc (Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi Stat\u00fcs\u00fc ICC resmi sitesi:<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/resource-library\/documents\/rs-eng.pdf<\/p>\n
-\u201cInternational Humanitarian Law\u201d \u2013 Jean-Marie Henckaerts, Louise Doswald-Beck ICRC taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan rehber.<\/p>\n
-\u201cThe Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War\u201d \u2013 Gary D. Solis<\/p>\n
-\u201cThe International Law of the Sea\u201d Yoshifumi Tanaka,\u0130ngilizce \u00e7eviri Donald R Rothwell ve Tim Stephens<\/p>\n
-\u0130nsani hukuk ve sava\u015f hukuku kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n merkezi: https:\/\/www.icrc.org<\/p>\n
-Cambridge Core ve Oxford Academic<\/p>\n
-Avrupa Birli\u011fi resmi veb sitesi: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/what\/humanitarian-aid\/international-humanitarian-law_en<\/p>\n
-BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi kararlar\u0131, UCM raporlar\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 mahkemelerin kararlar\u0131<\/p>\n
-BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u0130zleme \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (HRW) raporlar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere 31 May\u0131s 2010’da Gazze’ye insani yard\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131yan T\u00fcrk band\u0131ral\u0131 Mavi Marmara gemisine \u0130srail komandolar\u0131 bask\u0131n d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, 10 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f ve onlarca ki\u015fi yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mavi Marmara (2010) ve Madleen Gemisi (2025) olaylar\u0131, aralar\u0131nda 15 y\u0131l olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen uluslararas\u0131 hukuk, insani yard\u0131m, denizcilik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u0130srail\u2019in Gazze politikas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok ortak noktaya sahiptir.Madleen Gemisi olay\u0131 bir kez daha Filistin halk\u0131na uygulanan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muamelenin g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmesine de vesile olmu\u015ftur. Freedom Flotilla Coalition (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Filosu Koalisyonu) taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen ve insani yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra \u0130srail\u2019in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ablukay\u0131 protesto etmek amac\u0131 ile 1 Haziran 2025 tarihinde \u0130talya’n\u0131n Sicilya b\u00f6lgesindeki Catania liman\u0131ndan Gazze’ye do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kan, ad\u0131n\u0131 Gazze’nin ilk kad\u0131n bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Madleen Culab’dan alan insani yard\u0131m gemisi Madleen 8 Haziran 2025 tarihinde, Gazze’ye yakla\u015f\u0131k 185 kilometre mesafede, uluslararas\u0131 sularda \u0130srail Savunma Kuvvetleri (IDF) taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale edilerek durdurulmu\u015ftur. Bu insani hareketin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan gemide bulunan bebek mamas\u0131, un, pirin\u00e7, bebek bezi, hijyen malzemeleri, su, ar\u0131tma kitleri, t\u0131bbi malzemeler ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in gerekli protez malzemeleri, adeta kaderlerine terkedilmi\u015f Filistinlilere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak isteniyor ve unutulan, d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndeminde olmayan Filistin sorununa dikkat \u00e7ekilmek isteniyordu. Ne var ki, \u0130srail\u2019in hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutumlar\u0131 yolculuk devam ederken ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u0130srail insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (\u0130HA) taraf\u0131ndan gemiye beyaz, tahri\u015f edici …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-117038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n