T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
GENEL KURUL<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
… TUR\u0130ZM \u0130THALAT \u0130HRACAT SANAY\u0130 T\u0130CARET LTD. \u015eT\u0130. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2019\/29273)<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 12\/12\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih ve Say\u0131: 21\/5\/2025 – 32906<\/p>\n
GENEL KURUL<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K TALEB\u0130 KABUL<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Olcay \u00d6ZCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Mehmet B\u00fclent TOKU\u00c7O\u011eLU<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, i\u015fyerinin otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilmesi nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 7\/8\/2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Birinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm, ba\u015fvurunun Genel Kurul taraf\u0131ndan incelenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucu A.H.C. Turizm \u0130thalat \u0130hracat Sanayi Ticaret Limitet \u015eirketi (\u015eirket), Ayd\u0131n’\u0131n Ku\u015fadas\u0131 il\u00e7esinde bar olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
8. Ku\u015fadas\u0131 Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) 27\/8\/2018 tarihinde Ku\u015fadas\u0131 Z\u00fchrevi Hastal\u0131klar ve Fuhu\u015fla M\u00fccadele Komisyonuna (Komisyon) yaz\u0131 g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Bu yaz\u0131da ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirket taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen bar\u0131n 24\/4\/1930 tarihli ve 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu’na dayan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, 19\/4\/1961 tarihli ve 10786 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan Genel Kad\u0131nlar ve Genelevlerin Tabi Olacaklar\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmler ve Fuhu\u015f Y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Bula\u015fan Z\u00fchrevi Hastal\u0131klarla M\u00fccadele T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fcn (T\u00fcz\u00fck) 95. ve 96. maddelerine g\u00f6re gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan yer h\u00e2line geldi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015f ve T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 104. maddesine g\u00f6re gerekli i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Komisyon 31\/8\/2018 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirkete ait bar\u0131n T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 104. maddesine istinaden otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirket, Komisyon karar\u0131n\u0131n iptali istemiyle Ku\u015fadas\u0131 Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130dare) aleyhine 5\/9\/2018 tarihinde Ayd\u0131n 1. \u0130dare Mahkemesinde (\u0130dare Mahkemesi) dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirket, bu davada kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen tutanaklar\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, tutanaklarda ifade edilen hususlara kar\u015f\u0131 savunma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ceza sorumlulu\u011funun \u015fahsili\u011fi ilkesine ve masumiyet karinesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flem yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve verilen cezan\u0131n ekonomik olarak \u015eirketi zor durumda b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; \u00f6ncelikle y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015flemin iptal edilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir. \u0130dare Mahkemesi 5\/9\/2018 tarihinde daval\u0131 \u0130darenin birinci savunmas\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131ktan ve ara karar\u0131n\u0131n gerekleri yerine getirildikten sonra veya savunma s\u00fcresi ve ara karar\u0131na cevap s\u00fcresi ge\u00e7tikten sonra yeni bir karar verilinceye kadar i\u015flemin telafisi g\u00fc\u00e7 veya imk\u00e2ns\u0131z zarar do\u011furabilecek nitelikte olmas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015flemin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015f ancak 2\/10\/2018 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131 talebini reddetmi\u015ftir. Bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itiraz da reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. \u0130dare Mahkemesi 24\/1\/2019 tarihinde davay\u0131 reddetmi\u015f; karar gerek\u00e7esinde, Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce yap\u0131lan gizli takip ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma neticesinde T\u00fcz\u00fck’e g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenen tutanakta an\u0131lan i\u015fyerinin normal bir bar olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermedi\u011finin ve ge\u00e7imini fuhu\u015f yaparak sa\u011flayan T\u00fcrk ve yabanc\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sanatlar\u0131n\u0131 icra ettikleri yer h\u00e2line geldi\u011finin tespit edildi\u011fi, erkek \u015fah\u0131slar A.K. ve S.I.n\u0131n para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda cinsel ili\u015fkiye girmek \u00fczere yabanc\u0131 uyruklu kad\u0131nlarla barda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beyan ettikleri, O.\u015e. adl\u0131 yabanc\u0131 uyruklu kad\u0131n\u0131n da \u015eirketin i\u015fletti\u011fi bardan m\u00fc\u015fteri temin etti\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu i\u015fletmenin ger\u00e7ek amac\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 104. maddesi uyar\u0131nca otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilmesine ili\u015fkin Komisyon karar\u0131nda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna vard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. Karara kar\u015f\u0131ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirketin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 istinaf ba\u015fvurusu, \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 6. \u0130dari Dava Dairesince 27\/6\/2019 tarihinde reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirket, nihai h\u00fckm\u00fc 17\/7\/2019 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra 7\/8\/2019 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
A. Ulusal Hukuk<\/p>\n
14. 4\/7\/1934 tarihli ve 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Polis Vazife ve Sal\u0203hiyet Kanunu’nun 8. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Polis\u00e7e kat\u2019i delil elde edilmesi halinde;<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
C) Mevzuata ayk\u0131r\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6steren genelevler, birle\u015fme yerleri ve fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan<\/p>\n
evler ve yerler,<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
Mahallin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk\u00ee amiri taraf\u0131ndan otuz g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilir.<\/p>\n
Bu maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 fiiller sebebiyle bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 defa faaliyetten men edilen i\u015fyerlerinde, bu fiiller tekrar i\u015flendi\u011fi takdirde, i\u015fyeri a\u00e7ma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ruhsatlar\u0131, mahallin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk\u00ee amirinin bildirimi \u00fczerine, belediye veya il \u00f6zel idaresi taraf\u0131ndan be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde iptal edilir.”<\/p>\n
15. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ”Umumi kad\u0131nlar hakk\u0131nda ahkam” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 128. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“<\/p>\n
S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet ve Dahiliye Vekaletleri m\u00fc\u015ftereken bir y\u00f6netmelik [2\/7\/2018 tarihli ve 700 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019n\u0131n 9. maddesiyle bu maddede yer alan ‘nizamname’ ibaresi ‘y\u00f6netmelik’ ve ‘nizamnamede’ ibaresi ‘y\u00f6netmelikte’ \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.] ne\u015frederek umumi kad\u0131nlar ve evlerin tabi olacaklar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ve bu fuhu\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden inti\u015far eden hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ve bilhassa z\u00fchrevi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n sirayetine mani olacak tedbirleri tesbit ve yine m\u00fc\u015ftereken tatbik ederler.Umumi kad\u0131nlarla umumi evler ve bunlara benzer mahaller bu y\u00f6netmelikte tarif ve tahdit olunacakt\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
16. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn ” \u0130zinsiz fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan evler” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 95. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
”\u0130zin al\u0131nmadan i\u00e7inde gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia veya ihbaredilen veyahut her ne \u015fekilde olursa olsun muttali olunan evler hakk\u0131nda ahlak zab\u0131tas\u0131 memurlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nce gizli inceleme yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu gibi evlerde gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 delilleriyle tesbit edildi\u011fi takdirde, d\u00fczenlenecek tutanaklar gizli inceleme raporlar\u0131 ile birlikte en b\u00fcy\u00fck polis amiri taraf\u0131ndan komisyona sunulur. Bu yerler hakk\u0131nda komisyonca 104 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddeye g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
17. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 96. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
”Otel, motel, pansiyon, misafirhane, hamam, plaj, bar, pavyon, \u00e7alg\u0131l\u0131 kahve, diskotek, i\u00e7kili gazino, gece kl\u00fcb\u00fc, tavernave benzeri isimler alt\u0131nda i\u015fletme ruhsat\u0131 al\u0131nan yerlerde, ger\u00e7ek ama\u00e7 ve anlamda uzak olarak genel kad\u0131nlara sanat icra etmek imkan\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi veya bu gibi yerlerin bir genelev \u00f6zellik ve mahiyetinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 95 inci maddeye g\u00f6re tespit olunursa, bu tesisler ruhsats\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birle\u015fme yerleri say\u0131larak sahipleri veya i\u015fletenler hakk\u0131nda komisyonca 104 \u00fcnc\u00fc madde uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
18. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 104. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
”Usul\u00fc dairesinde izin al\u0131nmadan i\u00e7inde gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 delilleriyle tesbit edilen 95 ve 96 nc\u0131 maddelerde yaz\u0131l\u0131 mahaller komisyon karar\u0131yle \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere kapat\u0131l\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
B. Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk <\/p>\n
19. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne (S\u00f6zle\u015fme) ek (1) No.lu Protokol’\u00fcn “M\u00fclkiyetin korunmas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
”Her ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015finin mal ve m\u00fclk dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bir kimse, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 sebebiyle ve yasada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ko\u015fullara ve uluslararas\u0131 hukukun genel ilkelerine uygun olarak mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmler, devletlerin, m\u00fclkiyetin kamu yarar\u0131na uygun olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek veya vergilerin ya da ba\u015fka katk\u0131lar\u0131n veya para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri yasalar\u0131 uygulama konusunda sahip olduklar\u0131 hakka halel getirmez.”<\/p>\n
20. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi (A\u0130HM) S\u00f6zle\u015fme’ye ek (1) No.lu Protokol’\u00fcn 1. maddesinin kamu otoritelerince m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kanuna dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. A\u0130HM ayr\u0131ca demokratik toplumun temel ilkelerinden olan hukuk devletinin S\u00f6zle\u015fme’de m\u00fcndemi\u00e7 bir kavram oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Vistins ve Perepjolkins\/Letonya, B. No: 71243\/01, 25\/10\/2012, \u00a7 95).<\/p>\n
21. Ancak A\u0130HM, kanunilik ilkesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin i\u00e7 hukukta yasal bir temelinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu ba\u011flamda kanunun hukuk devleti ilkesine uygun olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda keyf\u00eeli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenceler i\u00e7ermesi gerekti\u011fine de i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir(Vistins ve Perepjolkins\/Letonya, \u00a7 96).<\/p>\n
22. A\u0130HM, her hukuk sisteminde kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yarg\u0131sal yoruma tabi tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmektedir. A\u0130HM’e g\u00f6re m\u00fcphem hususlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullara uyum sa\u011flanmas\u0131 her zaman i\u00e7in bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r.Kesinlik, ziyadesiyle arzulanan bir husus oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde bu, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kat\u0131 olma sonucunu do\u011furabilmekte ve kanunun de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullara uyumuna engel te\u015fkil edebilmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok kanun ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak -az veya \u00e7ok- belli bir derecede mu\u011flakl\u0131k i\u00e7erir. Mu\u011flakl\u0131k i\u00e7eren bu kanunlar\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131 ise bir pratik sorunudur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kanunlar\u0131n m\u00fcphem y\u00f6nlerini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmak ve yorumda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015f\u00fcpheleri da\u011f\u0131tmak mahkemelerin g\u00f6revidir (OAO Neftyanaya Kompaniya Yukos\/Rusya, B. No: 14902\/04, 20\/9\/2011, \u00a7 568). Bu y\u00fczden kanunilik \u015fart\u0131, hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131sal makamlarca yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde anla\u015f\u0131lamaz (OAO Neftyanaya Kompaniya Yukos\/Rusya, \u00a7 569).<\/p>\n
23. A\u0130HM, i\u00e7 hukukun yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli olarak ulusal otoritelerin yetkisinde oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Bununla birlikte A\u0130HM, i\u00e7 hukukun yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n S\u00f6zle\u015fme ve A\u0130HM i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla uyumlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetlemenin g\u00f6revi oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir (Shchokin\/Ukrayna, B. No: 23759\/03, 37943\/06, 14\/10\/2010, \u00a7 52).<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 12\/12\/2024 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. M\u00fclkiyet Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 <\/p>\n
25. Ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirket; isimsiz bir ihbarla ba\u015flat\u0131lan soru\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki gizli ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011f\u0131n hukuki denetime tabi tutulmaks\u0131z\u0131n karara esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tutanakta genel ifadelerle kendisine ait i\u015fyerinin bulundu\u011fu sokakta fuhu\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmekle birlikte ad\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmedi\u011fini, tutana\u011f\u0131n ve di\u011fer i\u015flemlerin hiyerar\u015fi i\u00e7indeki kurumlarca yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fuhu\u015f yapan ki\u015filerin farkl\u0131 bir otelde yakaland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisine ait i\u015fyerinde arac\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak herhangi bir beyanda bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n gizli ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011fa ve tan\u0131k ifadelerine dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak kararda yer verilen ifadelerin aksine tan\u0131k O.\u015e.nin \u00f6zellikle kendisine ait bardan m\u00fc\u015fteri temin etti\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir beyan\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yaln\u0131zca barlardan m\u00fc\u015fteri temin etti\u011fine ili\u015fkin beyan\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fletti\u011fi bar\u0131n otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle gelir kayb\u0131na u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; etkili ba\u015fvuru, adil yarg\u0131lanma ve m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011finden \u015fik\u00e2yet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
26. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n “M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 35. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
”Herkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
27. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder (Tahir Canan, B. No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 16). Ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirketin kendisine ait i\u015fyerinin otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarara ili\u015fkin \u015fik\u00e2yetinin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurunun bu kapsamda incelenmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurucunun adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenceleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddialar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n usul g\u00fcvenceleri kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesinin uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
a. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden <\/p>\n
28. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130nce, Y\u0131lmaz Ak\u00e7il, \u00d6mer \u00c7\u0131nar ve Metin K\u0131ratl\u0131 bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
i. M\u00fclk\u00fcn Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
29. Anayasa’n\u0131n 35. maddesiyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve parayla de\u011ferlendirilebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2015\/39, K.2015\/62, 1\/7\/2015, \u00a7 20). Anayasa Mahkemesi, g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131na al\u0131narak garaja \u00e7ekilen \u00f6zel halk otob\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fletilmemesinden do\u011fan zarar\u0131n tazmin edilmemesi nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkin olan Re\u015fit \u00d6l\u00e7er (B. No: 2016\/11371, 21\/7\/2020) karar\u0131nda \u00f6zel halk otob\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ekonomik de\u011fer ifade etti\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (ayn\u0131 kararda bkz. \u00a7 36). Somut olayda da ba\u015fvuruya konu i\u015fyerinin ba\u015fvurucu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ekonomik bir de\u011fer ifade etti\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa’n\u0131n 35. maddesi anlam\u0131nda m\u00fclk\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ii. M\u00fcdahalenin Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/p>\n
30. Anayasa’n\u0131n 35. maddesi ile m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na temas eden di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde Anayasa’n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahaleyle ilgili \u00fc\u00e7 kural ihtiva etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re Anayasa’n\u0131n 35. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, herkesin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmek suretiyle m\u00fclkten bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yararlanma hakk\u0131na yer verilmi\u015f; ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da m\u00fclkten bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yararlanma hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahalenin \u00e7er\u00e7evesi belirlenmi\u015ftir. Maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda genel olarak m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n hangi \u015fartlarda s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi belirlenerek ayn\u0131 zamanda m\u00fclkten yoksun b\u0131rakman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n genel \u00e7er\u00e7evesi de \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Maddenin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 kurala ba\u011flanmak suretiyle devletin m\u00fclkiyetin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmesine ve d\u00fczenlemesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n di\u011fer baz\u0131 maddelerinde de devlet taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyetin kontrol\u00fcne imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca belirtmek gerekir ki m\u00fclkten yoksun b\u0131rakma ve m\u00fclkiyetin d\u00fczenlenmesi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6zel bi\u00e7imleridir (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 55-58).<\/p>\n
31. Somut olayda \u015eirkete ait i\u015fyerinin gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan yer h\u00e2line geldi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilmesinin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahaleyle fuhu\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele edilmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda ba\u015fvuru konusu olaydaki m\u00fcdahalenin -amac\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda- m\u00fclkiyetin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kontrol edilmesine ili\u015fkin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kural \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde incelenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
iii. M\u00fcdahalenin \u0130hlal Olu\u015fturup Olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/p>\n
32. Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
”Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.”<\/p>\n
33. Anayasa’n\u0131n 35. maddesinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir hak olarak d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f, bu hakk\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede bulunulurken temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesi de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. An\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Anayasa’n\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa’ya uygun olabilmesi i\u00e7in kanuna dayanmas\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi g\u00f6zetilerek yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, \u00a7 62).<\/p>\n
(1) Kanunilik <\/p>\n
(a) Genel \u0130lkeler <\/p>\n
34. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesinde \u201cYasama yetkisi T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir. Bu yetki devredilemez.\u201d denilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi konularda kanunda genel ifadelerle d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131larak ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinin y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Anayasa\u2019da m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen konularda yasaman\u0131n aslili\u011fi ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri haricinde ge\u00e7erli olan y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevselli\u011fi ilkeleri gere\u011fi idari i\u015flemlerin kanuna dayanmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Ancak bu durumda kanunda belirlenmesi gereken \u00e7er\u00e7eve, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumdakinden \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f olabilecektir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle Anayasa\u2019ya g\u00f6re kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekmeyen bir konu, kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131 olmak kayd\u0131yla idarenin d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerine b\u0131rak\u0131labilir (AYM, 19\/2\/2020, E.2018\/91, K.2020\/10, \u00a7 110).<\/p>\n
35. Anayasa\u2019da kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda genel ifadelerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi verilmesi yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturabilmektedir. Bu nedenle Anayasa\u2019da yer alan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda kanunun temel esaslar\u0131, ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi belirlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Anayasa koyucunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konularda yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n temel kurallar\u0131 saptad\u0131ktan sonra uzmanl\u0131k ve idare tekni\u011fine ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevsel nitelikteki i\u015flemlerine b\u0131rakmas\u0131, yasama yetkisinin devri olarak yorumlanamaz (AYM, E.2011\/42, K.2013\/60, 9\/5\/2013; E.2019\/36, K.2021\/15, 4\/3\/2021, \u00a7 57).<\/p>\n
36. Anayasa’n\u0131n 35. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi belirtilmek suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerin kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesi de hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fini temel bir ilke olarak benimsemi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerde dikkate al\u0131nacak \u00f6ncelikli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct, m\u00fcdahalenin kanuna dayal\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r (Ford Motor Company, B. No: 2014\/13518, 26\/10\/2017, \u00a7 49).<\/p>\n
37. Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin, bunlara yap\u0131lacak m\u00fcdahalelerin ve s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi bu haklara ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahaleyi engelleyen, hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayan demokratik hukuk devletinin en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biridir (Tahsin Erdo\u011fan, B. No: 2012\/1246, 6\/2\/2014, \u00a7 60).<\/p>\n
38. M\u00fcdahalenin kanuna dayal\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle \u015fekl\u00ee manada bir kanunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar. \u015eekl\u00ee manada kanun, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM) taraf\u0131ndan Anayasa’da belirtilen usule uygun olarak kanun ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan d\u00fczenleyici yasama i\u015flemidir. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edilmesi ancak yasama organ\u0131nca kanun ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerde m\u00fcdahaleye imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. TBMM taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u015fekl\u00ee anlamda bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmamas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi anayasal temelden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131r (Ali H\u0131d\u0131r Akyol ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2015\/17510, 18\/10\/2017, \u00a7 56).<\/p>\n
39. Kanunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar kanun metni ve uygulamas\u0131 da bireylerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hukuki belirlilik ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r (Necmiye \u00c7ift\u00e7i ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/1301, 30\/12\/2014, \u00a7 55). Bu ba\u011flamda m\u00fcdahalenin kanuna dayal\u0131 olmas\u0131, m\u00fcdahaleye ili\u015fkin yeterince ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir (T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e. [GK], B. No: 2014\/6192, 12\/11\/2014, \u00a7 44).<\/p>\n
40. Hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ve hukuki belirlilik ilkeleri, hukuk devletinin \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Ki\u015filerin hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkesi hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2013\/39, K.2013\/65, 22\/5\/2013; E.2014\/183, K.2015\/122, 30\/12\/2015, \u00a7 5). Belirlilik ilkesi ise yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve uygulanabilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesini ifade etmektedir (AYM, E.2013\/39, K.2013\/65, 22\/5\/2013; E.2010\/80, K.2011\/178, 29\/12\/2011).<\/p>\n
41. Hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ne \u015fekilde yorumlanaca\u011f\u0131 veya birden fazla yorumunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu durumlarda bu yorumlardan hangisinin benimsenece\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerinin yetkisinde olan bir husustur. Anayasa Mahkemesinin bireysel ba\u015fvuruda yarg\u0131 mercilerince benimsenen yorumlardan birine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131mas\u0131 veyayarg\u0131 mercilerinin yerine ge\u00e7erek hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 yorumlamas\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvurunun amac\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015fmaz (Mehmet Arif Madenci, B. No: 2014\/13916, 12\/1\/2017, \u00a7 81).<\/p>\n
42. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde de olmas\u0131 gerekir (AYM, 30\/11\/2022, E.2022\/103, K.2022\/150, \u00a7\u00a7 7-20).<\/p>\n
43. Anayasa Mahkemesi, daha \u00f6nce 30\/11\/2022 tarihli bir ba\u015fka karar\u0131nda spor m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131ndan elde edilecek has\u0131lat\u0131n spor il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine ve m\u00fcsabaka yapan kul\u00fcplere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin uygulama, usul ve esaslar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenece\u011fini d\u00fczenleyen kural hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan itiraz\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir. \u0130dare taraf\u0131ndan hangi m\u00fcsabakalardan has\u0131lat pay\u0131 al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, br\u00fct has\u0131lat ve gerekli masraflar kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n neleri i\u00e7erdi\u011fi, net has\u0131lattan idareye da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen pay\u0131n hangi ama\u00e7la ve neyin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda kanunda bir belirlilik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla an\u0131lan hususlar\u0131n ilk elden y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenmesinin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funu, ayr\u0131ca kul\u00fcplerin elde etti\u011fi spor m\u00fcsabakas\u0131 has\u0131lat\u0131 \u00fczerinden idareye hangi oranda \u00f6deme yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusunda da kanunda herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine bu kapsamda m\u00fcsabaka has\u0131lat\u0131ndan al\u0131nacak pay\u0131n alt veya \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn de kanunda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fcsabaka has\u0131latlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nacak paya ili\u015fkin oranlar\u0131n ilk elden y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda m\u00fcsabaka has\u0131latlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nacak pay\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131n\u0131n ne \u015fekilde belirlenece\u011fine dair kanuni \u00e7er\u00e7evenin \u00e7izilmedi\u011fini, idarenin pay oran\u0131n\u0131n alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmedi\u011fini, konunun b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmesinin y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131lmak suretiyle y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, belirsiz, geni\u015f bir d\u00fczenleme yetkisi tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla spor m\u00fcsabaka has\u0131lat\u0131ndan pay almak suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren kural\u0131n belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, 30\/11\/2022, E.2022\/103, K.2022\/150 (\u00a7\u00a7 14-16).<\/p>\n
44. Yine Anayasa Mahkemesi 1\/7\/2022 tarihli ve 7417 Kanun\u2019un baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin iptali istemine ili\u015fkin iptal davas\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir. Kararda 8\/6\/1949 tarihli ve 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Emekli Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun m\u00fclga ek 70. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendi uyar\u0131nca en y\u00fcksek devlet memuru ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (ek g\u00f6sterge d\u00e2hil) br\u00fct tutar\u0131n\u0131n ek g\u00f6sterge oranlar\u0131 esas al\u0131nmak suretiyle Kanun\u2019da belirlenen oranlara tekab\u00fcl eden miktar\u0131n\u0131n emeklilik kesene\u011fine ve kurum kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na tabi tutulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fc m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla an\u0131lan maddenin dava konusu ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, birinci f\u0131kradaki oranlar\u0131, ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 veya birlikte \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na kadar art\u0131rmaya, ek g\u00f6sterge gruplar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve ek g\u00f6stergeleri yeniden d\u00fczenleme yetkisinin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na verilmesi suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmi\u015ftir. Kuralla Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na tan\u0131nan yetkinin genel \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin \u00e7izilmedi\u011fini, temel esaslar ve ilkelerin belirlenmedi\u011fini, bu konulardaki takdir yetkisinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda kuralla 5434 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un m\u00fclga ek 70. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki oranlar\u0131n ve g\u00f6sterge gruplar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi veya ek g\u00f6stergelerin yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi konusundaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere ili\u015fkin yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve belirlenmeksizin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131 belirli olmayan bir yetki tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yasama yetkisinin devredilmezli\u011fi ilkesiyle de \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2022\/110, K.2023\/115, 22\/6\/2023, \u00a7\u00a7 14, 19, 20).<\/p>\n
(b) \u0130lkelerin Olaya Uygulanmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
(i) \u015eekl\u00ee Anlamda Kanunun Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/p>\n
45. Yarg\u0131lama mercileri T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 95., 96. ve 104. Maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin hukuka uygun oldu\u011funu belirterek davay\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Umumi kad\u0131nlar hakk\u0131nda ahkam” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 128. maddesinde, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak t\u00fcz\u00fckle umumi kad\u0131nlar ve evlerin tabi olacaklar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ile bu fuhu\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden inti\u015far eden hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ve bilhassa z\u00fchrevi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n sirayetine m\u00e2ni olacak tedbirlerin tespit ve yine m\u00fc\u015ftereken tatbik edilece\u011fi, umumi kad\u0131nlarla umumi evlerin ve bunlara benzer mahallerin bu t\u00fcz\u00fckle tarif ve tahdit olunaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin TBMM taraf\u0131ndan Anayasa’da belirtilen usule uygun olarak kanun ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan d\u00fczenleyici yasama i\u015flemi oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(ii) Ula\u015f\u0131labilirlik<\/p>\n
46. S\u00f6z konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131labilir oldu\u011funda ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(iii) Belirlilik ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik<\/p>\n
47. \u00d6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir di\u011fer unsur ise m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6n\u00fcnden uygulanan kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
48. Somut olayda Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 128. maddesine dayan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 95. ve 96. maddelerine g\u00f6re gizli inceleme yapm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucuya ait i\u015fyerinin gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan yer h\u00e2line geldi\u011fini tespit etmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine ayn\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 104. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Komisyondan talepte bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu tespiti de\u011ferlendiren Komisyon, \u015eirkete ait i\u015fyerinin T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn 104. maddesine istinaden otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahaleyle fuhu\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele edilmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla fuhu\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine ili\u015fkin bir k\u0131s\u0131m tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
49. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri incelendi\u011finde 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 8. maddesinde mevzuata ayk\u0131r\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6steren genelevler, birle\u015fme yerleri ve fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan evler ve yerler hakk\u0131nda ne \u015fekilde uygulama yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fczenlemelerin bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re polisin kati delil elde etmesi h\u00e2linde ilgili maddede say\u0131lan yerlerin mahallin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclki amiri taraf\u0131ndan otuz g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda ayn\u0131 maddenin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda; bu maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 fiiller sebebiyle bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 defa faaliyetten men edilen i\u015fyerlerinde, bu fiiller tekrar i\u015flendi\u011fi takdirde i\u015fyeri a\u00e7ma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ruhsatlar\u0131n\u0131n mahallin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclki amirinin bildirimi \u00fczerine belediye veya il \u00f6zel idaresi taraf\u0131ndan be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde iptal edilece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan kanun maddesi incelendi\u011finde uygulama yap\u0131lacak yerlerin ve uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funun ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 8. maddesinin kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gerekli belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
50. Somut olayda kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan yer h\u00e2line geldi\u011fini tespit etti\u011fi i\u015fyeri hakk\u0131nda belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7eren 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 8. maddesine g\u00f6re i\u015flem yapma imk\u00e2n\u0131 varken bu yolu tercih etmedikleri, 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 128. maddesine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan T\u00fcz\u00fck uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle incelemenin T\u00fcz\u00fck ve dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 128. maddesine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
51. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ”Umumi kad\u0131nlar hakk\u0131nda ahkam” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 128. maddesinde; \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak t\u00fcz\u00fckle umumi kad\u0131nlar ile evlerin tabi olacaklar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ve bu fuhu\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden inti\u015far eden hastal\u0131klar\u0131n, bilhassa da z\u00fchrevi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n sirayetine m\u00e2ni olacak tedbirlerin tespit ve yine m\u00fc\u015ftereken tatbik edilece\u011fi, umumi kad\u0131nlarla umumi evlerin ve bunlara benzer mahallerin bu T\u00fcz\u00fck’le tarif ve tahdit olunaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
52. Ancak an\u0131lan Kanun’da umumi kad\u0131nlar ve evlerin hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabi olacaklar\u0131, fuhu\u015f nedeniyle meydana gelen hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin tedbirlerin neler oldu\u011fu, umumi kad\u0131nlarla umumi evler ile bunlara benzer mahallerin kapsam\u0131 ve nas\u0131l tahdit olunaca\u011f\u0131 belirsiz b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde yer verilen ve ilgili t\u00fcm hususlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi ifade edilen T\u00fcz\u00fck’e ili\u015fkin olarak herhangi \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izilmemi\u015f; ikincil d\u00fczenlemeler yoluyla kamu makamlar\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 belirli olmayan \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlama, d\u00fczenleme yapma ve s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma yetkisi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kamu makamlar\u0131 da kapsam\u0131 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da d\u00fczenlenmeyen ve T\u00fcz\u00fck’te yer verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucu \u015eirkete ait i\u015fyerini otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men etmi\u015ftir. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an bu d\u00fczenlemeye ili\u015fkin olarak 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da genel bir \u00e7er\u00e7evenin \u00e7izilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bu hususlar\u0131n T\u00fcz\u00fck’e b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, belirsiz, geni\u015f bir d\u00fczenleme yetkisinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur; ayr\u0131ca bu durum yasama yetkisinin devredilemezli\u011fi ilkesiyle de ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 128. maddesinin kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gerekli belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
53. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130nce, Y\u0131lmaz Ak\u00e7il, \u00d6mer \u00c7\u0131nar ve Metin K\u0131ratl\u0131 bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B. Di\u011fer \u0130hlal \u0130ddialar\u0131 <\/p>\n
54. Ba\u015fvurucu; gizli ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u015eirket M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc E.Y. ile karde\u015fi S.Y. hakk\u0131nda fuhu\u015f su\u00e7lamalar\u0131na ve yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgi ve belgelere yer verildi\u011fini oysa S.Y.nin \u015eirketle ilgisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve E.Y.nin ise an\u0131lan su\u00e7lamalardan beraat etti\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir. Ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan soru\u015fturma bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n veya ki\u015finin ceza almas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden su\u00e7 i\u015fleyece\u011finin kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fini ancak \u0130dare Mahkemesinin olumsuz kanaat i\u00e7eren tutana\u011fa itibar ederek karar verdi\u011fini belirtmi\u015f ve masumiyet karinesinin de ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun di\u011fer ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VI. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
55. Ba\u015fvurucu, yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile 50.000 TL maddi ve 50.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
56. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerinin yapmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni karar vermektir (30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 50. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen bireysel ba\u015fvuruya \u00f6zg\u00fc yeniden yarg\u0131lama kurumunun \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin kapsaml\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar i\u00e7in bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
57. \u0130hlalin ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli giderim sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan tazminat talebinin reddine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VII. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k belgelerde ba\u015fvurucunun kimli\u011finin gizli tutulmas\u0131 talebinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
B. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA Muhterem \u0130nce, Y\u0131lmaz Ak\u00e7il, \u00d6mer \u00c7\u0131nar ve Metin K\u0131ratl\u0131’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE Muhterem \u0130nce, Y\u0131lmaz Ak\u00e7il, \u00d6mer \u00c7\u0131nar ve Metin K\u0131ratl\u0131’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
D. Di\u011fer ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130NCELENMES\u0130NE GEREK OLMADI\u011eINA,<\/p>\n
E. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere Ayd\u0131n 1. \u0130dare Mahkemesine (E.2018\/937, K.2019\/93) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. Ba\u015fvurucunun tazminat talebinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
G. 364,60 TL har\u00e7 ve 30.000 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 30.364,60 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
H. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
\u0130. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 12\/12\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
Say\u0131n Mahkemenin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan, Ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fyerinin otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilmesine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin Ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gerek\u00e7eler ile \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
Ku\u015fadas\u0131 Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 27.08.2018 tarihinde Ku\u015fadas\u0131 Z\u00fchrevi Hastal\u0131klar ve Fuhu\u015fla M\u00fccadele Komisyonu\u2019na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yaz\u0131da Ba\u015fvurucu \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen bar\u0131n 24.04.1930 tarih ve 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanuna dayan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Genel Kad\u0131nlar ve Genelevlerin Tabi Olacaklar\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmler ve Fuhu\u015f Y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Bula\u015fan Z\u00fchrevi Hastal\u0131klar ile M\u00fccadele T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 95. ve 96. maddelerine g\u00f6re gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan yer haline geldi\u011fini ifade ederek T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 104. maddesine g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f, bunun \u00fczerine ilgili i\u015fletme i\u00e7in Komisyon taraf\u0131ndan otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun idare mahkemesinde a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iptal davas\u0131 reddedilmi\u015f ve s\u00f6z konusu karar \u0130stinaf incelemesinden ge\u00e7erek kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan ihlal gerek\u00e7esi olarak 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 128. maddesinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yetkinin genel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izilmeden T\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019e b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n idareye s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, belirsiz, geni\u015f bir d\u00fczenleme yetkisi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle Kanunun belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 128. maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cS\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet ve Dahiliye Vekaletleri m\u00fc\u015ftereken bir nizamname ne\u015frederek umumi kad\u0131nlar ve evlerin tabi olacaklar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ve bu fuhu\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden inti\u015far eden hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ve bilhassa z\u00fchrevi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n sirayetine mani olacak tedbirleri tesbit ve yine m\u00fc\u015ftereken tatbik ederler. Umumi kad\u0131nlarla umumi evler ve bunlara benzer mahaller bu nizamnamede tarif ve tahdit olunacakt\u0131r\u201d. (2\/7\/2018 tarihli ve 700 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019nin 9 uncu maddesiyle, bu maddede yer alan \u201cnizamname\u201d ibaresi \u201cy\u00f6netmelik\u201d ve \u201cnizamnamede\u201d ibaresi \u201cy\u00f6netmelikte\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir). Kanunun 128. maddesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a umumi kad\u0131nlar, evler ve benzeri mahallerin T\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019de tarif ve tahdit olunaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f olup, bu anlamda Kanunda herhangi bir belirsizlik mevcut de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fyerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere s\u00f6z konusu mahaller hakk\u0131nda hangi tahditlerin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019e b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 95. maddesinde izin al\u0131nmadan i\u00e7inde gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia veya ihbar edilen veyahut her ne \u015fekilde olursa olsun muttali olunan evler hakk\u0131nda ahlak zab\u0131tas\u0131 memurlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nce gizli inceleme yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, bu gibi evlerde gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 delilleriyle tesbit edildi\u011fi takdirde, d\u00fczenlenecek tutanaklar gizli inceleme raporlar\u0131 ile birlikte en b\u00fcy\u00fck polis amiri taraf\u0131ndan komisyona sunulaca\u011f\u0131, bu yerler hakk\u0131nda komisyonca 104 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddeye g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, yine ayn\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 96. maddesinde otel, motel, pansiyon, misafirhane, hamam, plaj, bar, pavyon, \u00e7alg\u0131l\u0131 kahve, diskotek, i\u00e7kili gazino, gece kul\u00fcb\u00fc, taverna ve benzeri isimler alt\u0131nda i\u015fletme ruhsat\u0131 al\u0131nan yerlerde, ger\u00e7ek ama\u00e7 ve anlamda uzak olarak genel kad\u0131nlara sanat icra etmek imkan\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi veya bu gibi yerlerin bir genelev \u00f6zellik ve mahiyetinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 95. maddeye g\u00f6re tespit olunursa, bu tesisler ruhsats\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birle\u015fme yerleri say\u0131larak sahipleri veya i\u015fletenler hakk\u0131nda komisyonca 104 \u00fcnc\u00fc madde uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 104. maddesinde ise, usul\u00fc dairesinde izin al\u0131nmadan i\u00e7inde gizli fuhu\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 delilleriyle tespit edilen 95. ve 96. maddelerde yaz\u0131l\u0131 mahallerin komisyon karar\u0131 ile \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere kapat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Yine 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Polis Vazife ve Sal\u00e2hiyetleri Kanununun 8. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (C) bendinde, mevzuata ayk\u0131r\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6steren genelevler, birle\u015fme yerleri ve fuhu\u015f yap\u0131lan evler ve yerlerin mahallin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk\u00ee amiri taraf\u0131ndan otuz g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan T\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019te d\u00fczenleme olmasa bile 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 8. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tespit ve talebi \u00fczerine m\u00fclki amir taraf\u0131ndan 30 g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7meyecek \u015fekilde i\u015fyerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lan inceleme sonucunda Ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen mahalde izinsiz fuhu\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tutanak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve Komisyona g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, komisyon \u00fc\u00e7 aya kadar kapatma yetkisini haiz olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n 30 g\u00fcn kapatma yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 9. maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cKomisyon en az haftada bir defa ba\u015fkan\u0131n davetiyle toplan\u0131r. Kararlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla verilir. Oylar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi halinde ba\u015fkan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu taraf\u0131n oyuna itibar olunur. Kararlar, vilayetlerde valinin, kazalarda kaymakam\u0131n onay\u0131 ile tamam olur. Kaymakam taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmayan kararlar \u00fczerinde komisyonca israr edildi\u011fi takdirde, mesele valili\u011fe bildirilir ve valili\u011fin karar\u0131na uyulur. Valiler taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmayan kararlar \u00fczerinde komisyonca israr edildi\u011fi takdirde, vali taraf\u0131ndan sebeplerinin beyan\u0131 ile keyfiyet Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Sosyal Yard\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirilir. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n karar\u0131 yerine getirilir\u201d.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re, 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 128. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan T\u00fcz\u00fck de tespiti yapma ve ceza uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etme yetkisi \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uhdesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 8. maddesi uyar\u0131nca da kapatma yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 talep yetkisi yine \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne aittir. Hal b\u00f6yle olunca ge\u00e7ici kapatmaya konu fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tespiti sonras\u0131nda \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan Kaymakaml\u0131\u011fa de\u011fil de yine T\u00fcz\u00fck \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fturulan komisyona yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ve komisyon taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan karar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclki amir olan Kaymakam taraf\u0131ndan onaylanarak cezan\u0131n icra edilmesinde herhangi bir belirsizlik ya da Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, nihai yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 uygulama yetkisi gerek T\u00fcz\u00fck gerekse Kanun \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclki amir olmaktad\u0131r. Uygulanan kapatma yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da Polis Vazife ve Salahiyetleri Kanununda belirtilen 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcreyi de a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015flemin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131 mevcut olup, Ba\u015fvurucunun herhangi bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Kald\u0131 ki, 5326 say\u0131l\u0131 Kabahatler Kanununun 19.maddesinde, \u201c(1) Di\u011fer kanunlarda kabahat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n
a) Bir meslek ve sanat\u0131n yerine getirilmemesi,<\/p>\n
b) \u0130\u015fyerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
c) Ruhsat veya ehliyetin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
d) Kara, deniz veya hava nakil arac\u0131n\u0131n trafikten veya seyr\u00fcseferden al\u0131konulmas\u0131 gibi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, ilgili kanunlarda bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi yer almaktad\u0131r. Genel kanun niteli\u011fini haiz olan Kabahatler Kanununun 19. maddesinde, idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m t\u00fcrleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 tutulmu\u015f olup, i\u015fyerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin Polis Vazife ve Salahiyetleri Kanununun 8.maddesi ve T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 104. maddesinde yer alan d\u00fczenlemeler bu anlamda da sonraki genel Kanun olan Kabahatler Kanununa ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenlerle Ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasada koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 12\/12\/2024 tarihli ve 2019\/29273 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 GENEL KURUL KARAR … TUR\u0130ZM \u0130THALAT \u0130HRACAT SANAY\u0130 T\u0130CARET LTD. \u015eT\u0130. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2019\/29273) Karar Tarihi: 12\/12\/2024 R.G. Tarih ve Say\u0131: 21\/5\/2025 – 32906 GENEL KURUL KARAR G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K TALEB\u0130 KABUL Ba\u015fkan : Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA Ba\u015fkanvekili : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN Ba\u015fkanvekili : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7 Recai AKYEL Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN Kenan YA\u015eAR Muhterem \u0130NCE Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Metin KIRATLI Raport\u00f6r : Olcay \u00d6ZCAN Ba\u015fvurucu : Vekili : Av. Mehmet B\u00fclent TOKU\u00c7O\u011eLU I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, i\u015fyerinin otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle faaliyetten men edilmesi nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 7\/8\/2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 4. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. 5. Birinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm, ba\u015fvurunun Genel Kurul taraf\u0131ndan incelenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 6. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u015f\u00f6yledir: 7. Ba\u015fvurucu A.H.C. Turizm \u0130thalat \u0130hracat Sanayi Ticaret Limitet \u015eirketi (\u015eirket), Ayd\u0131n’\u0131n Ku\u015fadas\u0131 il\u00e7esinde bar olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. 8. Ku\u015fadas\u0131 Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) 27\/8\/2018 tarihinde Ku\u015fadas\u0131 Z\u00fchrevi Hastal\u0131klar ve Fuhu\u015fla M\u00fccadele Komisyonuna (Komisyon) yaz\u0131 g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Bu …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n