Neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasal iktidarlar me\u015fruiyetlerini hukuk zemininde de sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak ad\u0131na \u201chukuk devleti\u201d \u201cyarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d gibi temel kavramlar\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Bahsi ge\u00e7en kavramlar i\u00e7in y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca m\u00fccadeleler verilmi\u015f ve insanl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck bedeller \u00f6demi\u015ftir. Zira \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fctme\u201d erki varolu\u015fundan beri -biraz da e\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131 gere\u011fi- g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konumdad\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme, buyurucudur. D\u00fcnyada s\u00f6z sahibi olan \u00fclkelerin hi\u00e7birinde y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkinin g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n
Her ne kadar \u00e7o\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkesinin Anayasa metinlerinde \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131ralamas\u0131 manas\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer alsa da y\u00fcr\u00fctme fiili uygulamada daima di\u011fer erklerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki siyasal tarihi inceledi\u011fimizde g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sisteminin en ba\u015fta monar\u015finin sak\u0131ncalar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle filizlendi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. \u0130nsano\u011flu i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131nda olacak ki daima y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 yahut denetleyici mekanizmalar (fren mekanizmas\u0131) \u00fcretmeyi \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak genellikle y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki ne yapar ne eder o s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015far. A\u011f\u0131r olman\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc budur. G\u00fc\u00e7 varsa e\u015fik zorlan\u0131r. E\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fctme, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede, yarg\u0131n\u0131n kritik pozisyonlar\u0131 denilebilecek makamlarda yer alan mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 atama yoluyla tayin eder. Zaman zaman bu yetkiyi yasama organ\u0131yla payla\u015f\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fe kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli a\u015fama olan s\u00f6zl\u00fc m\u00fclakatlar da y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki (Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) vas\u0131tas\u0131yla olur. Yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n atamalar\u0131, \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015flemleri vesair i\u015flemleri ise y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7o\u011funu tayin etti\u011fi HSK\u2019nin (4 \u00fcye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir. 2 do\u011fal \u00fcye ise y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 Adalet Bakan\u0131 ve ilgili Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r) uhdesindedir.<\/p>\n
HSK\u2019nin yap\u0131s\u0131 hem yasama hem de y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilen \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fur. Kurulun do\u011fal \u00fcyesi ve Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ise Adalet Bakan\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Netice olarak \u00e7o\u011funluk y\u00fcr\u00fctme vas\u0131tas\u0131yla tayin edilen \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bir y\u00fcksek mahkeme olan Anayasa Mahkemesi de yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin belirledi\u011fi \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fur. Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeleri ise HSK taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir. HSK\u2019nin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131da izah etmi\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131z. Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u00fcyelerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 do\u011frudan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise HSK taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fctme, yetkisini yasama organ\u0131yla belirli oranlarda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ferek yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 tasarlamaktad\u0131r. \u201cBa\u015fkanl\u0131k veya Yar\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u201d sistemleri ile \u00fclkemize \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmet Sistemi\u201d gibi modellerde y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin ba\u015f\u0131na halk taraf\u0131ndan yetkilendirilerek se\u00e7ilen devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 da yasamada \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa sahip partiye mensup ise y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131ndaki etkisinin hayli fazla olaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
Oysa baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu tamamen y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin tesiri alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve karar vericilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kurum taraf\u0131ndan mesle\u011fe kabullerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (\u00d6rne\u011fin Fransa, \u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Portekiz genel manada bu modele d\u00e2hil \u00fclkelerdir.) Yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunun belirli oranlar dahilinde -\u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00fcksek oran \u015feklinde- yasal olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yarg\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmek iyimser bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Zira imk\u00e2n varken imtina etmek, y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir refleks olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130deal olan yarg\u0131lama erkinin de do\u011frudan halk taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir sistemdir. Bu sistemin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde uygulanmas\u0131 ise \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir. Halk do\u011frudan yarg\u0131 erkinin mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7emese de halk\u0131n meclise kendisini temsili i\u00e7in vekil etti\u011fi kimselerin yarg\u0131 erkinin olu\u015fumunda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 rol almas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir d\u00fczen \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca yukar\u0131da bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere yarg\u0131 erkinin olu\u015fumu baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011fu gibi y\u00fcr\u00fctmeden tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir idari otoriteye b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. Bu idari otoritenin mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 halk se\u00e7ebilir.<\/p>\n
Aksi uygulamalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerde tam manas\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yarg\u0131dan s\u00f6z etmenin e\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Yarg\u0131 erkinin tam anlam\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olabilmesi i\u00e7in yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fe kabul, atama, terfi, y\u00fckselme gibi a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin etkisinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131labilir. Y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 mercilerinin olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n da tekrar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme etkisinden uzak olacak \u015fekilde olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ad\u0131na uygun yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin ivedilikle hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin ba\u015f\u0131nda hangi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften siyasal iktidar olursa olsun, mevcut yasal d\u00fczenlemeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkinin tarihsel yap\u0131s\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yarg\u0131n\u0131n fiilen tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde hareket edebilmesinin olanakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r. \u00dclkemiz ge\u00e7mi\u015fte -hangi siyasal iktidar oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n-y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkinin yarg\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yasadan kaynakl\u0131 dolayl\u0131 etkisi nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131r bedeller \u00f6demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r ancak yarg\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u011fl\u0131 da olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131, hukuka ba\u011fl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131 hukuktan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 tayin eden yasama organ\u0131, tayin etti\u011fi kurallar\u0131n gere\u011fi gibi g\u00fcvenceli \u015fekilde tatbik edildi\u011fini ancak yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131 da tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z h\u00e2le getirdi\u011fi zaman g\u00f6rebilecektir.<\/p>\n
Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki yarg\u0131 ve yasama Anayasa kapsam\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca yetki olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Oysa y\u00fcr\u00fctme Anayasa\u2019da hem yetki hem g\u00f6rev olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki, y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisi ve g\u00f6revini yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n tayin etti\u011fi kurallar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flayarak kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131sal s\u00fcre\u00e7ler sonu\u00e7lanmadan y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7lere ili\u015fkin deme\u00e7ler vermek suretiyle yarg\u0131ya dolayl\u0131 yoldan m\u00fcdahale etmesi de geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez zararlara yol a\u00e7abilir. H\u00e2kimler yani karar vericiler hi\u00e7bir bask\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n serbest\u00e7e karar verebilmelidir. Bu nedenle \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde uygulanan yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinin \u00fclkemiz bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n toplumumuzun her ferdi i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim.<\/p>\n
\u200bNeredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasal iktidarlar me\u015fruiyetlerini hukuk zemininde de sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak ad\u0131na \u201chukuk devleti\u201d \u201cyarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d gibi temel kavramlar\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Bahsi ge\u00e7en kavramlar i\u00e7in y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca m\u00fccadeleler verilmi\u015f ve insanl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck bedeller \u00f6demi\u015ftir. Zira \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fctme\u201d erki varolu\u015fundan beri -biraz da e\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131 gere\u011fi- g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konumdad\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme, buyurucudur. D\u00fcnyada s\u00f6z sahibi olan \u00fclkelerin hi\u00e7birinde y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkinin g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n
Her ne kadar \u00e7o\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkesinin Anayasa metinlerinde \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131ralamas\u0131 manas\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer alsa da y\u00fcr\u00fctme fiili uygulamada daima di\u011fer erklerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki siyasal tarihi inceledi\u011fimizde g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sisteminin en ba\u015fta monar\u015finin sak\u0131ncalar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle filizlendi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. \u0130nsano\u011flu i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131nda olacak ki daima y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 yahut denetleyici mekanizmalar (fren mekanizmas\u0131) \u00fcretmeyi \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak genellikle y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki ne yapar ne eder o s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015far. A\u011f\u0131r olman\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc budur. G\u00fc\u00e7 varsa e\u015fik zorlan\u0131r. E\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fctme, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede, yarg\u0131n\u0131n kritik pozisyonlar\u0131 denilebilecek makamlarda yer alan mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 atama yoluyla tayin eder. Zaman zaman bu yetkiyi yasama organ\u0131yla payla\u015f\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fe kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli a\u015fama olan s\u00f6zl\u00fc m\u00fclakatlar da y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki (Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) vas\u0131tas\u0131yla olur. Yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n atamalar\u0131, \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015flemleri vesair i\u015flemleri ise y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7o\u011funu tayin etti\u011fi HSK\u2019nin (4 \u00fcye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir. 2 do\u011fal \u00fcye ise y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 Adalet Bakan\u0131 ve ilgili Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r) uhdesindedir.<\/p>\n
HSK\u2019nin yap\u0131s\u0131 hem yasama hem de y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilen \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fur. Kurulun do\u011fal \u00fcyesi ve Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ise Adalet Bakan\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Netice olarak \u00e7o\u011funluk y\u00fcr\u00fctme vas\u0131tas\u0131yla tayin edilen \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bir y\u00fcksek mahkeme olan Anayasa Mahkemesi de yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin belirledi\u011fi \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fur. Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeleri ise HSK taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir. HSK\u2019nin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131da izah etmi\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131z. Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u00fcyelerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 do\u011frudan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise HSK taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fctme, yetkisini yasama organ\u0131yla belirli oranlarda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ferek yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 tasarlamaktad\u0131r. \u201cBa\u015fkanl\u0131k veya Yar\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u201d sistemleri ile \u00fclkemize \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmet Sistemi\u201d gibi modellerde y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin ba\u015f\u0131na halk taraf\u0131ndan yetkilendirilerek se\u00e7ilen devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 da yasamada \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa sahip partiye mensup ise y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131ndaki etkisinin hayli fazla olaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
Oysa baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu tamamen y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin tesiri alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve karar vericilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kurum taraf\u0131ndan mesle\u011fe kabullerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (\u00d6rne\u011fin Fransa, \u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Portekiz genel manada bu modele d\u00e2hil \u00fclkelerdir.) Yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunun belirli oranlar dahilinde -\u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00fcksek oran \u015feklinde- yasal olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yarg\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmek iyimser bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Zira imk\u00e2n varken imtina etmek, y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir refleks olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130deal olan yarg\u0131lama erkinin de do\u011frudan halk taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir sistemdir. Bu sistemin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde uygulanmas\u0131 ise \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir. Halk do\u011frudan yarg\u0131 erkinin mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7emese de halk\u0131n meclise kendisini temsili i\u00e7in vekil etti\u011fi kimselerin yarg\u0131 erkinin olu\u015fumunda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 rol almas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir d\u00fczen \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca yukar\u0131da bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere yarg\u0131 erkinin olu\u015fumu baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011fu gibi y\u00fcr\u00fctmeden tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir idari otoriteye b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. Bu idari otoritenin mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 halk se\u00e7ebilir.<\/p>\n
Aksi uygulamalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerde tam manas\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yarg\u0131dan s\u00f6z etmenin e\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Yarg\u0131 erkinin tam anlam\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olabilmesi i\u00e7in yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fe kabul, atama, terfi, y\u00fckselme gibi a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin etkisinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131labilir. Y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 mercilerinin olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n da tekrar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme etkisinden uzak olacak \u015fekilde olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ad\u0131na uygun yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin ivedilikle hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin ba\u015f\u0131nda hangi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften siyasal iktidar olursa olsun, mevcut yasal d\u00fczenlemeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkinin tarihsel yap\u0131s\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yarg\u0131n\u0131n fiilen tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde hareket edebilmesinin olanakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r. \u00dclkemiz ge\u00e7mi\u015fte -hangi siyasal iktidar oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n-y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkinin yarg\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yasadan kaynakl\u0131 dolayl\u0131 etkisi nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131r bedeller \u00f6demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r ancak yarg\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u011fl\u0131 da olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131, hukuka ba\u011fl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131 hukuktan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 tayin eden yasama organ\u0131, tayin etti\u011fi kurallar\u0131n gere\u011fi gibi g\u00fcvenceli \u015fekilde tatbik edildi\u011fini ancak yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131 da tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z h\u00e2le getirdi\u011fi zaman g\u00f6rebilecektir.<\/p>\n
Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki yarg\u0131 ve yasama Anayasa kapsam\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca yetki olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Oysa y\u00fcr\u00fctme Anayasa\u2019da hem yetki hem g\u00f6rev olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki, y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisi ve g\u00f6revini yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n tayin etti\u011fi kurallar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flayarak kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131sal s\u00fcre\u00e7ler sonu\u00e7lanmadan y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7lere ili\u015fkin deme\u00e7ler vermek suretiyle yarg\u0131ya dolayl\u0131 yoldan m\u00fcdahale etmesi de geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez zararlara yol a\u00e7abilir. H\u00e2kimler yani karar vericiler hi\u00e7bir bask\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n serbest\u00e7e karar verebilmelidir. Bu nedenle \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde uygulanan yarg\u0131 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinin \u00fclkemiz bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n toplumumuzun her ferdi i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasal iktidarlar me\u015fruiyetlerini hukuk zemininde de sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak ad\u0131na \u201chukuk devleti\u201d \u201cyarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d gibi temel kavramlar\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Bahsi ge\u00e7en kavramlar i\u00e7in y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca m\u00fccadeleler verilmi\u015f ve insanl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck bedeller \u00f6demi\u015ftir. Zira \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fctme\u201d erki varolu\u015fundan beri -biraz da e\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131 gere\u011fi- g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konumdad\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme, buyurucudur. D\u00fcnyada s\u00f6z sahibi olan \u00fclkelerin hi\u00e7birinde y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkinin g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Her ne kadar \u00e7o\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkesinin Anayasa metinlerinde \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131ralamas\u0131 manas\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer alsa da y\u00fcr\u00fctme fiili uygulamada daima di\u011fer erklerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyadaki siyasal tarihi inceledi\u011fimizde g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sisteminin en ba\u015fta monar\u015finin sak\u0131ncalar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle filizlendi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. \u0130nsano\u011flu i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131nda olacak ki daima y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 yahut denetleyici mekanizmalar (fren mekanizmas\u0131) \u00fcretmeyi \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak genellikle y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki ne yapar ne eder o s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015far. A\u011f\u0131r olman\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc budur. G\u00fc\u00e7 varsa e\u015fik zorlan\u0131r. E\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131 budur. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede, yarg\u0131n\u0131n kritik pozisyonlar\u0131 denilebilecek makamlarda yer alan mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 atama yoluyla tayin eder. Zaman zaman bu yetkiyi yasama organ\u0131yla payla\u015f\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fe kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli a\u015fama olan s\u00f6zl\u00fc m\u00fclakatlar da y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki (Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) vas\u0131tas\u0131yla olur. Yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n atamalar\u0131, \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015flemleri vesair i\u015flemleri ise y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7o\u011funu tayin etti\u011fi HSK\u2019nin (4 \u00fcye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n