YARGITAY KARARLARI I\u015eI\u011eINDA<\/p>\n
\u0130HALEN\u0130N FESH\u0130 DAVALARINDA \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 SIFATI \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130LER\u0130 DI\u015eINDA \u0130HALEN\u0130N FESH\u0130N\u0130N TALEP ED\u0130LMES\u0130 H\u00c2L\u0130NDE \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130 \u00dcZER\u0130NDEN N\u0130SB\u0130 HAR\u00c7 VE TEM\u0130NAT \u015eARTI<\/p>\n
(\u0130cra \u0130flas Kanunu madde 134)<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere \u0130cra \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun \u201c\u0130halenin Neticesi ve Feshi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 134\/2.maddesinde; \u201c\u0130halenin feshini, 11\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanununun\u00a0281\u2019inci maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 sebepler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yaln\u0131z sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, mahcuzun resm\u00ee sicilinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ilgililer ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri ile pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye i\u015ftirak edenler yurt i\u00e7inde bir adres g\u00f6stermek ko\u015fuluyla icra mahkemesinden \u015fik\u00e2yet yolu ile ihale tarihinden itibaren yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde isteyebilirler. \u0130lgililerin ihale yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana kadar cereyan eden muamelelerdeki yolsuzluklara en ge\u00e7 ihale g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0131tt\u0131la peyda etti\u011fi kabul edilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. 24.11.2021 tarihinde ise 7343\u00a0Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 27.maddesi ile \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 134.maddesine; \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerce yap\u0131lan ihalenin feshi talebi, ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabidir. Bu harc\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 talepte bulunulurken pe\u015fin olarak yat\u0131r\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r. Talebin kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde bu har\u00e7 ba\u015fka bir kimseye y\u00fcklenmez ve istem h\u00e2linde iade edilir. Talebin reddi h\u00e2linde ise al\u0131nan bu har\u00e7 iade edilmez ve harc\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ihalenin feshini isteyenden tahsil edilir.\u201d f\u0131kras\u0131 ile \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerce yap\u0131lan ihalenin feshi talebinde, talepte bulunulurken, ilgili ki\u015filerin muhtemel zarar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere ihale bedelinin y\u00fczde be\u015fi oran\u0131nda teminat g\u00f6sterilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Talebin reddine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden itibaren bir ay i\u00e7inde genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde h\u00fckmedilen para cezas\u0131n\u0131n 21\/7\/1953 tarihli ve 6183 say\u0131l\u0131 Amme Alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n Tahsil Usul\u00fc Hakk\u0131nda\u00a0Kanun\u00a0h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca tahsili i\u00e7in durum mahkemece tahsil dairesine bildirilir. Tahsil dairesi al\u0131nan teminattan, bildirimin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde para cezas\u0131n\u0131 tahsil etmezse talep h\u00e2linde teminat ilgilisine iade edilir.\u201d f\u0131kras\u0131 eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek ki\u015filer, yaln\u0131z sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, mahcuzun resm\u00ee sicilinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ilgililer ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri ile pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye i\u015ftirak edenlerden ibarettir. Nitekim burada \u0130\u0130K.m.134\u2019de yer alan \u201cyaln\u0131z\u201d ibaresi ile ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecekler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da tutulmu\u015ftur. Kanun metnindeki bu yaln\u0131z ifadesi d\u00fczenlemenin geni\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r (Dr.\u00d6mer \u00c7ON, \u0130halenin Feshi, Ankara 2021, s.90). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir davada \u015firket t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi, ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olsa dahi bu \u015firketin yetkilisi tek ba\u015f\u0131na ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz. Zira \u015firket yetkilisi icra takibinin taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye de kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2020\/1028 E. 2020\/1874 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 20.10.2015 T. 2015\/21986 E. 2015\/25170 K.). Yine \u015fikayet\u00e7inin, takibe konu alacak i\u00e7in kefil olmas\u0131 ya da sat\u0131\u015f ilan\u0131n\u0131n fuzuli bir \u015fekilde kendisine de tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ihalenin feshini talep hakk\u0131 vermez (Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2021\/2416 E. 2021\/3210 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2017\/387 E. 2017\/4900 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2016\/26921 E. 2017\/3758 K.). Yine sat\u0131\u015f isteminde bulunmayan rehin alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131na olanak yoktur (Diyarbak\u0131r BAM 6.Hd. 24.02.2022 T. 2021\/3052 E. 2022\/518 K.). Yine istihkak iddias\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcren taraf\u0131n dahi ihalenin feshi talep hakk\u0131 yoktur (Gaziantep BAM. 12.Hd. 05.10.2019 T. 2019\/459 E. 2019\/2078 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 17.11.2011 T. 2011\/5422 E. 2011\/22622). Yine ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallarda hacze i\u015ftirak eden alacakl\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bu s\u0131fat\u0131na dayanarak ihalenin feshini isteyemez (\u0130stanbul BAM \u00dcyesi \u0130smail ERCAN, \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Hukuku El Kitab\u0131, 8.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2021, s.702). Yine ihalesi yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz hakk\u0131nda meskeniyet \u015fikayetinde bulunulmas\u0131, \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 134.maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ihalenin feshi nedenleri aras\u0131nda yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ihalenin feshini talep hakk\u0131 vermez (Yarg\u0131tay 12.HD. 2018\/10024 E. 2019\/580 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.HD. 2016\/18094 E. 2016\/21013 K.). <\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda bir ki\u015fi ihale tarihi itibariyle tapu sicilinde ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip de\u011filse ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz (Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 20.12.2021 T. 2021\/11727 E. 2021\/11618 K.). Burada tapu sicilindeki ilgililerin tespitinde esas al\u0131nacak tarih ise ihale tarihidir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay ilgilerin tespiti i\u00e7in son i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda ihale tarihini esas almaktad\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2021\/6025 E. 2021\/6869 K. ; Trabzon BAM 4.Hukuk Dairesi \u00dcyesi Yasin K\u00d6SE, \u0130halenin Feshi \u015eikayetinde Usul Kurallar\u0131, s.13-14). \u0130\u0130K.m.134\u2019te ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek tapu sicilindeki ilgililer kavram\u0131 da, yorum yoluyla geni\u015fletilemez (Yarg\u0131tay Hgk. 25.06.2019 T. 2018\/12-77 E. 2019\/790 K. ; Hakim Filiz BERBERO\u011eLU YEN\u0130PINAR, \u0130halenin Feshi Davalar\u0131, Ankara 2020, s.34). <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte \u0130\u0130K.m.134 kapsam\u0131nda ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olunmamas\u0131 halinde devreye yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en \u0130\u0130K.m.134\/3 ve \u0130\u0130K.m.134\/4.maddeleri girer. \u0130lgili d\u00fczenlemeler gere\u011fi ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan davac\u0131ya \u0130cra Mahkemesince \u00f6ncelikle\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmeli, verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise mahkemece 492 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu\u2019nun\u00a030.maddesinin yollamas\u0131 ile HMK\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0150.maddesi uyar\u0131nca dava dosyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0ikmal edilerek yenileme talep edilmemesi halinde de davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. \u015eayet verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan har\u00e7 tamamlan\u0131r ise mahkemece bu kez teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya HMK\u2019n\u0131n 115.maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usule g\u00f6re s\u00fcre verilmelidir. Burada harc\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, \u201cdavan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d\u00a0iken har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u201cdavan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan usulden reddi\u201d \u015feklindedir. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin gerek\u00e7esi olarak uygulamada s\u0131rf ihale s\u00fcrecini uzatmak ve haks\u0131z menfaat sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 ile hukuki yarar\u0131 bulunmayan ki\u015filerce\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshinin\u00a0talep edilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi, ihale s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tamamlanmas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler mevcuttur;<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 02.11.2023 Tarihli 2023\/4567 Esas 2023\/7058 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026\u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0\u015fikayeti daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fvuran\u0131n kim oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n maktu harca tabi iken 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 134.maddesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapan ve 30.11.2021 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27\/4. maddesi ile\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0davas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerin” a\u00e7mas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinde 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27\/5.maddesi ile davay\u0131 \u201c Sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filer” teminat yat\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131, 492 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, dava a\u00e7arken\u00a0har\u00e7tan\u00a0muaf olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki davac\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131rmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, HMK’n\u0131n 114.maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan de\u011fildir. Dava\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131\u00a0\u00f6zel kanun ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kanunun “Noksan tesbit edilen de\u011fer \u00fczerinden harc\u0131n \u00f6denmesi ” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 30.maddesi “Muhakeme s\u0131ras\u0131nda tesbit olunan de\u011ferin, dava dilek\u00e7esinde bildirilen de\u011ferden fazla oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, yaln\u0131z o celse i\u00e7in muhakemeye devam olunur, takip eden celseye kadar noksan de\u011fer \u00fczerinden pe\u015fin karar ve ilam harc\u0131 tamamlanmad\u0131k\u00e7a davaya devam olunmaz. Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanununun 409 uncu ( HMK md.150 ) maddesinde g\u00f6sterilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dosyan\u0131n muameleye konulmas\u0131, noksan olan harc\u0131n \u00f6denmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. HMK’ya g\u00f6re bir \u015fart\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131, mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ilgilisine usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde s\u00fcre verilmesi halinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Verilecek s\u00fcre yasal d\u00fczenlemeye uygun de\u011fil ise hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz. \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27.maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 134.maddesi bu yasal d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; \u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin 30.11.2021 tarihinden sonra, kanunda belirtilen istisnai taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi oldu\u011fu ve N\u0130SP\u0130 HARCIN YARISININ PE\u015e\u0130N YATIRILACA\u011eI tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130N\u0130N %5’\u0130 ORANINDA TEM\u0130NAT YATIRILMASI DA \u015eARTTIR. Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0har\u00e7, dava harc\u0131 olup,\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanuna g\u00f6re dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131n\u0131r. Noksan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu’nun 30. maddesinde belirtilen usul ile tamamlat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. %5 teminat ise yine\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0gibi dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n 114\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan teminat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in (harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden) \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE\u00a0HAR\u00c7\u00a0TAMAMLATILMALI, SONRA TEM\u0130NATIN YATIRILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N DAVACIYA HMK’NIN 115. MADDES\u0130NDE BEL\u0130RT\u0130LEN DAVA \u015eARTLARININ TAMAMLATILMASINA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USULE G\u00d6RE S\u00dcRE VER\u0130LMEL\u0130D\u0130R. HARCIN YATIRILMAMASININ YAPTIRIMI, ” …DAVANIN A\u00c7ILMAMI\u015e SAYILMASI,”\u00a0HAR\u00c7\u00a0YATIRILMAKLA B\u0130RL\u0130KTE TEM\u0130NATIN YATIRILMAMASININ YAPTIRIMI \u0130SE “…DAVANIN DAVA \u015eARTI NOKSANLI\u011eINDAN USULDEN REDD\u0130D\u0130R.” A\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lma ve usulden ret kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu izahtan varestedir. Takibin ve\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015fikayet\u00e7inin \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 134\/3. maddesinde belirtilen ki\u015filerden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130lk Derece ve B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin de kabul\u00fcnde olup, a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n nispi harca tabi olup, teminat gerektirdi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, Mahkemece, kanunda belirtilen istisnai ki\u015filer d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015fikayet\u00e7iye \u00f6ncelikle nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ve akabinde ihale bedelinin %5’i oran\u0131nda teminat yat\u0131rt\u0131lmadan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu hususun B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hatal\u0131 olup, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. Mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f \u00f6ncelikle davac\u0131ya nispi pe\u015fin harc\u0131 tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanununun 30. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yapmak ve akabinde teminat\u0131 yat\u0131rt\u0131p, sonuca gitmektir. Kabule g\u00f6re de; \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 134\/5. maddesi gere\u011fince \u015fikayet\u00e7i aleyhine ihale bedellerinin toplam\u0131n\u0131n %10’una kadar para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmemesi ve\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0\u015fikayetinde yasal has\u0131m olan alacakl\u0131\/al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taraf olarak eklenmemesi de hatal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 24.10.2023 Tarihli\u00a02023\/4466 Esas 2023\/6547 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026Dosyada \u00f6ncelikli sorun “\u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile de\u011f. 134. maddesindeki istisna taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ve teminat\u0131n niteli\u011fi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak HMK’n\u0131n 114. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fart\u0131 olup, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ile teminat\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lma usul\u00fcd\u00fcr.” \u0130cra takibi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130.\u0130.K. na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshine\u00a0ili\u015fkin hususlar Kanunun 134 vd. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0davalar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fvuran\u0131n kim oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n maktu harca tabi iken 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 134. maddesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapan ve 30.11.2021 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27\/4. maddesi ile\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0davas\u0131n\u0131 \u201c Sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerin” a\u00e7mas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinde 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27\/5. maddesi ile davay\u0131 \u201c Sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filer” teminat yat\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131, 492 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, dava a\u00e7arken\u00a0har\u00e7tan\u00a0muaf olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki davac\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131rmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, HMK’n\u0131n 114. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan de\u011fildir. Dava\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131\u00a0\u00f6zel kanun ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kanunun “Noksan tesbit edilen de\u011fer \u00fczerinden harc\u0131n \u00f6denmesi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 30. maddesi “Muhakeme s\u0131ras\u0131nda tesbit olunan de\u011ferin, dava dilek\u00e7esinde bildirilen de\u011ferden fazla oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, yaln\u0131z o celse i\u00e7in muhakemeye devam olunur, takip eden celseye kadar noksan de\u011fer \u00fczerinden pe\u015fin karar ve ilam harc\u0131 tamamlanmad\u0131k\u00e7a davaya devam olunmaz. Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanununun 409 uncu (HMK md.150 ) maddesinde g\u00f6sterilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dosyan\u0131n muameleye konulmas\u0131, noksan olan harc\u0131n \u00f6denmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. HMK’ya g\u00f6re bir \u015fart\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131, Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ilgilisine usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde s\u00fcre verilmesi halinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Verilecek s\u00fcre yasal d\u00fczenlemeye uygun de\u011fil ise hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz. \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 134. maddesi bu yasal d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; \u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin 30.11.2021 tarihinden sonra, kanunda belirtilen istisnai taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130 \u00dcZER\u0130NDEN N\u0130SP\u0130 HARCA TAB\u0130 OLDU\u011eU VE N\u0130SP\u0130 HARCIN YARISININ PE\u015e\u0130N YATIRILACA\u011eI TARTI\u015eMASIZDIR. AYNI \u015eEK\u0130LDE \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130N\u0130N %5’\u0130 ORANINDA TEM\u0130NAT YATIRILMASI DA \u015eARTTIR. Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0har\u00e7, dava harc\u0131 olup,\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanuna g\u00f6re dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131n\u0131r. Noksan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu’nun 30.maddesinde belirtilen usul ile tamamlat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. %5 teminat ise yine\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0gibi dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n 114\/2.maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan teminat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in (harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden) \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE\u00a0HAR\u00c7\u00a0TAMAMLATILMALI, SONRA TEM\u0130NATIN YATIRILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N DAVACIYA HMK’NIN 115. MADDES\u0130NDE BEL\u0130RT\u0130LEN DAVA \u015eARTLARININ TAMAMLATILMASINA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USULE G\u00d6RE S\u00dcRE VER\u0130LMEL\u0130D\u0130R. Harc\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, “…davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131,”\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ise “…davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan usulden reddidir.” A\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lma ve usulden ret kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu izahtan varestedir. Mahkemece, ihalelerde pey s\u00fcren olup, kanunda belirtilen istisnai ki\u015filer d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan davac\u0131ya \u00f6ncelikle nispi pe\u015fin\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ve akabinde ihale bedelinin %5’i oran\u0131nda teminat yat\u0131rt\u0131lmadan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu hususun B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hatal\u0131 olup, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. MAHKEMECE YAPILACAK \u0130\u015e \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE DAVACIYA N\u0130SP\u0130 HARCI TAMAMLAMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N\u00a0HAR\u00c7LAR\u00a0KANUNUNUN 30. MADDES\u0130 UYARINCA \u0130\u015eLEM YAPMAK VE AKAB\u0130NDE TEM\u0130NATI YATIRTIP, SONUCA G\u0130TMEKT\u0130R.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 28.02.2024 Tarihli\u00a02024\/1470 Esas 2024\/1905 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n 114\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan\u00a0teminat\u0131n\u00a0tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in (harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden) \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE HAR\u00c7 TAMAMLATILMALI, SONRA\u00a0TEM\u0130NATIN\u00a0YATIRILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N DAVACIYA HMK’NIN 115.MADDES\u0130NDE BEL\u0130RT\u0130LEN DAVA \u015eARTLARININ TAMAMLATILMASINA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USULE G\u00d6RE S\u00dcRE VER\u0130LMEL\u0130D\u0130R. Harc\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, ” …davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131,” har\u00e7 yat\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte\u00a0teminat\u0131n\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ise “…davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan usulden reddidir.” A\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lma ve usulden ret kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu izahtan varestedir. Mahkemece, icra takibinde ipotek veren olup, kendi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fka ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u00a0ihalesinin\u00a0feshini\u00a0isteyen \u015fikayet\u00e7iye \u00f6ncelikle nispi har\u00e7 ve akabinde\u00a0ihale\u00a0bedelinin %5’i oran\u0131nda\u00a0teminat\u00a0yat\u0131rt\u0131lmadan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu hususun B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hatal\u0131 olup, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. Mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f \u00f6ncelikle davac\u0131ya nispi pe\u015fin harc\u0131 tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Har\u00e7lar Kanununun 30.maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yapmak ve har\u00e7 yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa akabinde\u00a0teminat\u0131\u00a0yat\u0131rt\u0131p, sonuca gitmektir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 25.6.2024 Tarihli, 2024\/4023 Esas, 2024\/6483 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026\u0130halenin\u00a0feshini isteyebilecek ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda pey s\u00fcrmek sureti ile\u00a0ihaleye\u00a0i\u015ftirak edenler de say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n\u00a024.11.2021 tarih 7343 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un\u00a027. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015fik \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n\u00a0134. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201csat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resmi sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerce yap\u0131lan\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinde, talepte bulunulurken ilgili ki\u015filerin muhtemel zararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere ihale bedelinin y\u00fczde be\u015fi oran\u0131nda teminat g\u00f6sterilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. \u2026 \u0130\u0130K’nun\u00a0134. maddesi pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle\u00a0ihaleye\u00a0i\u015ftirak eden ki\u015fileri\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshini isteyecek ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda saymakla birlikte, bu ki\u015filerin\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshini isteminde bulunabilmesini di\u011fer\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshini isteyecek ilgililere g\u00f6re daha a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlara tabii tutmu\u015f,\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harca tabi oldu\u011funu ve ayr\u0131ca ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden %5 oran\u0131nda teminat g\u00f6stermesinin \u015fart oldu\u011fu h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BU D\u00dcZENLEMEN\u0130N GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130 OLARAK UYGULAMADA SIRF \u0130HALE S\u00dcREC\u0130N\u0130 UZATMAK VE HAKSIZ MENFAAT SA\u011eLAMAK AMACI \u0130LE HUKUK\u0130 YARARI BULUNMAYAN K\u0130\u015e\u0130LERCE\u00a0\u0130HALEN\u0130N\u00a0FESH\u0130N\u0130N\u00a0TALEP ED\u0130LMES\u0130N\u0130N \u00d6N\u00dcNE GE\u00c7\u0130LMES\u0130, \u0130HALE S\u00dcREC\u0130N\u0130N HIZLI B\u0130R \u015eEK\u0130LDE TAMAMLANMASI G\u00d6STER\u0130LM\u0130\u015eT\u0130R. Getirilen bu d\u00fczenlemelerin hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmakla birlikte; \u00f6zellikle \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n\u00a0134\/3 f\u0131kras\u0131nda say\u0131lanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerin\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harca tabi olmas\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc lafz\u0131 itibariyle f\u0131kran\u0131n konulu\u015f amac\u0131na hizmet etmeyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr. \u015e\u00f6yle ki bu maddede say\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harc\u0131 eksik yat\u0131rmas\u0131 halinde Dairemiz \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu 30. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, teminat\u0131 yat\u0131rt\u0131p sonuca gidilmelidir. \u0130CRA MAHKEMES\u0130\u00a0N\u0130SB\u0130\u00a0HARCIN\u00a0YATIRILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N S\u00dcRE VERMES\u0130, VER\u0130LEN S\u00dcRE \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE\u00a0HAR\u00c7\u00a0TAMAMLANMAZ \u0130SE MAHKEMECE 492 SAYILI\u00a0HAR\u00c7LAR\u00a0KANUNUNUN\u00a030.MADDES\u0130N\u0130N YOLLAMASI \u0130LE HMK’NUN\u00a0150. MADDES\u0130 UYARINCA DAVA DOSYASININ \u0130\u015eLEMDEN KALDIRILMASINA VE S\u00dcRE \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE\u00a0HARCIN\u00a0\u0130KMAL ED\u0130LEREK YEN\u0130LEME TALEP ED\u0130LMEMES\u0130 HAL\u0130NDE DE DAVANIN A\u00c7ILMAMI\u015e SAYILMASINA KARAR VER\u0130LMES\u0130 GEREKMEKTED\u0130R. Oysa bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn konulu\u015f amac\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetle\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0kesinle\u015ftirilme s\u00fcrecini uzatmaya ili\u015fkin\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0taleplerini \u00f6nlemek olup \u0130\u0130K\u00a0134\/3 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p uygulanmas\u0131\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0hukuki yarar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n geciktirilmesine y\u00f6nelik fesih taleplerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verecektir. HMK\u00a0150. maddesine g\u00f6re davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesine kadar\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0kesinle\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmayacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 25.1.2024 Tarihli 2023\/9478 Esas 2024\/830 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026Dosyada \u00f6ncelikli sorun ” \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile de\u011fi\u015fik\u00a0134. maddesindeki istisna taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ve teminat\u0131n niteli\u011fi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0114. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fart\u0131 olup, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ile teminat\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lma usul\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u2026\u0130cra takibi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 2004 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u0130K’na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshine ili\u015fkin hususlar Kanunun\u00a0134\u00a0vd. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130halenin feshi\u00a0davalar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fvuran\u0131n kim oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n maktu harca tabi iken 2004 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n\u00a0134. maddesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapan ve 30.11.2021 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7343 Say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun\u00a027\/4. maddesiyle\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0davas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resmi sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerin” a\u00e7mas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinde 7343 Say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun\u00a027\/5. maddesiyle davay\u0131 \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resmi sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filer” teminat yat\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dosyadaki bilgi ve belgelerden \u015fikayet\u00e7inin ta\u015f\u0131nmazda lehine kat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 gayrimenkul sat\u0131\u015f vaadi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lan \u015firket olup, \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik 134.maddesindeki sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resmi sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerden oldu\u011fu ve davan\u0131n nispi harca ve teminata tabi bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131, 492 Say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, dava a\u00e7arken\u00a0har\u00e7tan\u00a0muaf olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki davac\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131rmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0114.maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan de\u011fildir. Dava\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131\u00a0\u00f6zel kanun ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u2026Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0har\u00e7, dava harc\u0131 olup,\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanuna g\u00f6re dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131n\u0131r. Noksan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu’nun 30.maddesinde belirtilen usul ile tamamlat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. %5 teminat ise yine\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0gibi dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0114\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan teminat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ( harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden ) \u00f6ncelikle\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlat\u0131lmal\u0131, sonra teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0115. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usule g\u00f6re s\u00fcre verilmelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 25.10.2023 Tarihli 2023\/4261 Esas 2023\/6629 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; \u201c\u2026\u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin 30.11.2021 tarihinden sonra, kanunda belirtilen istisnai taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi oldu\u011fu ve nispi\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015fin yat\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ihale bedelinin %5’i oran\u0131nda teminat yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u015fartt\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0har\u00e7, dava harc\u0131 olup,\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanuna g\u00f6re dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131n\u0131r. Noksan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu’nun 30. maddesinde belirtilen usul ile tamamlat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. %5 teminat ise yine\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0gibi dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0114\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan teminat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in (harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden) \u00f6ncelikle\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlat\u0131lmal\u0131, sonra teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0115. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usule g\u00f6re s\u00fcre verilmelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7 OLARAK; \u0130halenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek ki\u015filer, yaln\u0131z sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, mahcuzun resm\u00ee sicilinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ilgililer ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri ile pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye i\u015ftirak edenlerden ibarettir. Nitekim burada \u0130\u0130K.m.134\u2019de yer alan \u201cyaln\u0131z\u201d ibaresi ile ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecekler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da tutulmu\u015ftur. Kanun metnindeki bu yaln\u0131z ifadesi d\u00fczenlemenin geni\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda bir ki\u015fi ihale tarihi itibariyle tapu sicilinde ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip de\u011filse ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz. Burada tapu sicilindeki ilgililerin tespitinde esas al\u0131nacak tarih ise ihale tarihidir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay ilgilerin tespiti i\u00e7in son i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda ihale tarihini esas almaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u0130K.m.134\u2019te ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek tapu sicilindeki ilgililer kavram\u0131 da, yorum yoluyla geni\u015fletilemez. \u0130\u015fte \u0130\u0130K.m.134 kapsam\u0131nda ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olunmamas\u0131 halinde devreye yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en \u0130\u0130K.m.134\/3 ve \u0130\u0130K.m.134\/4.maddeleri girer. \u0130lgili d\u00fczenlemeler gere\u011fi ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan davac\u0131ya \u0130cra Mahkemesince \u00f6ncelikle\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmeli, verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise mahkemece 492 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu\u2019nun\u00a030.maddesinin yollamas\u0131 ile HMK\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0150.maddesi uyar\u0131nca dava dosyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0ikmal edilerek yenileme talep edilmemesi halinde de davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. \u015eayet verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan har\u00e7 tamamlan\u0131r ise mahkemece bu kez teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya HMK\u2019n\u0131n 115.maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usule g\u00f6re s\u00fcre verilmelidir. Burada harc\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, \u201cdavan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d\u00a0iken har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u201cdavan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan usulden reddi\u201d \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
\u200bYARGITAY KARARLARI I\u015eI\u011eINDA<\/p>\n
\u0130HALEN\u0130N FESH\u0130 DAVALARINDA \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 SIFATI \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130LER\u0130 DI\u015eINDA \u0130HALEN\u0130N FESH\u0130N\u0130N TALEP ED\u0130LMES\u0130 H\u00c2L\u0130NDE \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130 \u00dcZER\u0130NDEN N\u0130SB\u0130 HAR\u00c7 VE TEM\u0130NAT \u015eARTI<\/p>\n
(\u0130cra \u0130flas Kanunu madde 134)<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere \u0130cra \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun \u201c\u0130halenin Neticesi ve Feshi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 134\/2.maddesinde; \u201c\u0130halenin feshini, 11\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanununun\u00a0281\u2019inci maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 sebepler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yaln\u0131z sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, mahcuzun resm\u00ee sicilinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ilgililer ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri ile pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye i\u015ftirak edenler yurt i\u00e7inde bir adres g\u00f6stermek ko\u015fuluyla icra mahkemesinden \u015fik\u00e2yet yolu ile ihale tarihinden itibaren yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde isteyebilirler. \u0130lgililerin ihale yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana kadar cereyan eden muamelelerdeki yolsuzluklara en ge\u00e7 ihale g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0131tt\u0131la peyda etti\u011fi kabul edilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. 24.11.2021 tarihinde ise 7343\u00a0Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 27.maddesi ile \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 134.maddesine; \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerce yap\u0131lan ihalenin feshi talebi, ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabidir. Bu harc\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 talepte bulunulurken pe\u015fin olarak yat\u0131r\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r. Talebin kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde bu har\u00e7 ba\u015fka bir kimseye y\u00fcklenmez ve istem h\u00e2linde iade edilir. Talebin reddi h\u00e2linde ise al\u0131nan bu har\u00e7 iade edilmez ve harc\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ihalenin feshini isteyenden tahsil edilir.\u201d f\u0131kras\u0131 ile \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerce yap\u0131lan ihalenin feshi talebinde, talepte bulunulurken, ilgili ki\u015filerin muhtemel zarar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere ihale bedelinin y\u00fczde be\u015fi oran\u0131nda teminat g\u00f6sterilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Talebin reddine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden itibaren bir ay i\u00e7inde genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde h\u00fckmedilen para cezas\u0131n\u0131n 21\/7\/1953 tarihli ve 6183 say\u0131l\u0131 Amme Alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n Tahsil Usul\u00fc Hakk\u0131nda\u00a0Kanun\u00a0h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca tahsili i\u00e7in durum mahkemece tahsil dairesine bildirilir. Tahsil dairesi al\u0131nan teminattan, bildirimin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde para cezas\u0131n\u0131 tahsil etmezse talep h\u00e2linde teminat ilgilisine iade edilir.\u201d f\u0131kras\u0131 eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek ki\u015filer, yaln\u0131z sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, mahcuzun resm\u00ee sicilinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ilgililer ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri ile pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye i\u015ftirak edenlerden ibarettir. Nitekim burada \u0130\u0130K.m.134\u2019de yer alan \u201cyaln\u0131z\u201d ibaresi ile ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecekler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da tutulmu\u015ftur. Kanun metnindeki bu yaln\u0131z ifadesi d\u00fczenlemenin geni\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r (Dr.\u00d6mer \u00c7ON, \u0130halenin Feshi, Ankara 2021, s.90). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir davada \u015firket t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi, ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olsa dahi bu \u015firketin yetkilisi tek ba\u015f\u0131na ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz. Zira \u015firket yetkilisi icra takibinin taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye de kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2020\/1028 E. 2020\/1874 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 20.10.2015 T. 2015\/21986 E. 2015\/25170 K.). Yine \u015fikayet\u00e7inin, takibe konu alacak i\u00e7in kefil olmas\u0131 ya da sat\u0131\u015f ilan\u0131n\u0131n fuzuli bir \u015fekilde kendisine de tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ihalenin feshini talep hakk\u0131 vermez (Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2021\/2416 E. 2021\/3210 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2017\/387 E. 2017\/4900 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2016\/26921 E. 2017\/3758 K.). Yine sat\u0131\u015f isteminde bulunmayan rehin alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131na olanak yoktur (Diyarbak\u0131r BAM 6.Hd. 24.02.2022 T. 2021\/3052 E. 2022\/518 K.). Yine istihkak iddias\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcren taraf\u0131n dahi ihalenin feshi talep hakk\u0131 yoktur (Gaziantep BAM. 12.Hd. 05.10.2019 T. 2019\/459 E. 2019\/2078 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 17.11.2011 T. 2011\/5422 E. 2011\/22622). Yine ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallarda hacze i\u015ftirak eden alacakl\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bu s\u0131fat\u0131na dayanarak ihalenin feshini isteyemez (\u0130stanbul BAM \u00dcyesi \u0130smail ERCAN, \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Hukuku El Kitab\u0131, 8.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2021, s.702). Yine ihalesi yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz hakk\u0131nda meskeniyet \u015fikayetinde bulunulmas\u0131, \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 134.maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ihalenin feshi nedenleri aras\u0131nda yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ihalenin feshini talep hakk\u0131 vermez (Yarg\u0131tay 12.HD. 2018\/10024 E. 2019\/580 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 12.HD. 2016\/18094 E. 2016\/21013 K.). <\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda bir ki\u015fi ihale tarihi itibariyle tapu sicilinde ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip de\u011filse ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz (Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 20.12.2021 T. 2021\/11727 E. 2021\/11618 K.). Burada tapu sicilindeki ilgililerin tespitinde esas al\u0131nacak tarih ise ihale tarihidir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay ilgilerin tespiti i\u00e7in son i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda ihale tarihini esas almaktad\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hd. 2021\/6025 E. 2021\/6869 K. ; Trabzon BAM 4.Hukuk Dairesi \u00dcyesi Yasin K\u00d6SE, \u0130halenin Feshi \u015eikayetinde Usul Kurallar\u0131, s.13-14). \u0130\u0130K.m.134\u2019te ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek tapu sicilindeki ilgililer kavram\u0131 da, yorum yoluyla geni\u015fletilemez (Yarg\u0131tay Hgk. 25.06.2019 T. 2018\/12-77 E. 2019\/790 K. ; Hakim Filiz BERBERO\u011eLU YEN\u0130PINAR, \u0130halenin Feshi Davalar\u0131, Ankara 2020, s.34). <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte \u0130\u0130K.m.134 kapsam\u0131nda ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olunmamas\u0131 halinde devreye yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en \u0130\u0130K.m.134\/3 ve \u0130\u0130K.m.134\/4.maddeleri girer. \u0130lgili d\u00fczenlemeler gere\u011fi ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan davac\u0131ya \u0130cra Mahkemesince \u00f6ncelikle\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmeli, verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise mahkemece 492 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu\u2019nun\u00a030.maddesinin yollamas\u0131 ile HMK\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0150.maddesi uyar\u0131nca dava dosyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0ikmal edilerek yenileme talep edilmemesi halinde de davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. \u015eayet verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan har\u00e7 tamamlan\u0131r ise mahkemece bu kez teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya HMK\u2019n\u0131n 115.maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usule g\u00f6re s\u00fcre verilmelidir. Burada harc\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, \u201cdavan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d\u00a0iken har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u201cdavan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan usulden reddi\u201d \u015feklindedir. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin gerek\u00e7esi olarak uygulamada s\u0131rf ihale s\u00fcrecini uzatmak ve haks\u0131z menfaat sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 ile hukuki yarar\u0131 bulunmayan ki\u015filerce\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshinin\u00a0talep edilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi, ihale s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tamamlanmas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler mevcuttur;<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 02.11.2023 Tarihli 2023\/4567 Esas 2023\/7058 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026\u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0\u015fikayeti daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fvuran\u0131n kim oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n maktu harca tabi iken 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 134.maddesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapan ve 30.11.2021 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27\/4. maddesi ile\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0davas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerin” a\u00e7mas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinde 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27\/5.maddesi ile davay\u0131 \u201c Sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filer” teminat yat\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131, 492 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, dava a\u00e7arken\u00a0har\u00e7tan\u00a0muaf olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki davac\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131rmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, HMK’n\u0131n 114.maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan de\u011fildir. Dava\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131\u00a0\u00f6zel kanun ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kanunun “Noksan tesbit edilen de\u011fer \u00fczerinden harc\u0131n \u00f6denmesi ” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 30.maddesi “Muhakeme s\u0131ras\u0131nda tesbit olunan de\u011ferin, dava dilek\u00e7esinde bildirilen de\u011ferden fazla oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, yaln\u0131z o celse i\u00e7in muhakemeye devam olunur, takip eden celseye kadar noksan de\u011fer \u00fczerinden pe\u015fin karar ve ilam harc\u0131 tamamlanmad\u0131k\u00e7a davaya devam olunmaz. Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanununun 409 uncu ( HMK md.150 ) maddesinde g\u00f6sterilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dosyan\u0131n muameleye konulmas\u0131, noksan olan harc\u0131n \u00f6denmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. HMK’ya g\u00f6re bir \u015fart\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131, mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ilgilisine usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde s\u00fcre verilmesi halinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Verilecek s\u00fcre yasal d\u00fczenlemeye uygun de\u011fil ise hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz. \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27.maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 134.maddesi bu yasal d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; \u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin 30.11.2021 tarihinden sonra, kanunda belirtilen istisnai taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi oldu\u011fu ve N\u0130SP\u0130 HARCIN YARISININ PE\u015e\u0130N YATIRILACA\u011eI tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130N\u0130N %5’\u0130 ORANINDA TEM\u0130NAT YATIRILMASI DA \u015eARTTIR. Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0har\u00e7, dava harc\u0131 olup,\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanuna g\u00f6re dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131n\u0131r. Noksan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu’nun 30. maddesinde belirtilen usul ile tamamlat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. %5 teminat ise yine\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0gibi dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n 114\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan teminat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in (harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden) \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE\u00a0HAR\u00c7\u00a0TAMAMLATILMALI, SONRA TEM\u0130NATIN YATIRILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N DAVACIYA HMK’NIN 115. MADDES\u0130NDE BEL\u0130RT\u0130LEN DAVA \u015eARTLARININ TAMAMLATILMASINA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USULE G\u00d6RE S\u00dcRE VER\u0130LMEL\u0130D\u0130R. HARCIN YATIRILMAMASININ YAPTIRIMI, ” …DAVANIN A\u00c7ILMAMI\u015e SAYILMASI,”\u00a0HAR\u00c7\u00a0YATIRILMAKLA B\u0130RL\u0130KTE TEM\u0130NATIN YATIRILMAMASININ YAPTIRIMI \u0130SE “…DAVANIN DAVA \u015eARTI NOKSANLI\u011eINDAN USULDEN REDD\u0130D\u0130R.” A\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lma ve usulden ret kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu izahtan varestedir. Takibin ve\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015fikayet\u00e7inin \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 134\/3. maddesinde belirtilen ki\u015filerden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130lk Derece ve B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin de kabul\u00fcnde olup, a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n nispi harca tabi olup, teminat gerektirdi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, Mahkemece, kanunda belirtilen istisnai ki\u015filer d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015fikayet\u00e7iye \u00f6ncelikle nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ve akabinde ihale bedelinin %5’i oran\u0131nda teminat yat\u0131rt\u0131lmadan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu hususun B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hatal\u0131 olup, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. Mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f \u00f6ncelikle davac\u0131ya nispi pe\u015fin harc\u0131 tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanununun 30. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yapmak ve akabinde teminat\u0131 yat\u0131rt\u0131p, sonuca gitmektir. Kabule g\u00f6re de; \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 134\/5. maddesi gere\u011fince \u015fikayet\u00e7i aleyhine ihale bedellerinin toplam\u0131n\u0131n %10’una kadar para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmemesi ve\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0\u015fikayetinde yasal has\u0131m olan alacakl\u0131\/al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taraf olarak eklenmemesi de hatal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 24.10.2023 Tarihli\u00a02023\/4466 Esas 2023\/6547 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026Dosyada \u00f6ncelikli sorun “\u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile de\u011f. 134. maddesindeki istisna taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ve teminat\u0131n niteli\u011fi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak HMK’n\u0131n 114. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fart\u0131 olup, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ile teminat\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lma usul\u00fcd\u00fcr.” \u0130cra takibi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130.\u0130.K. na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshine\u00a0ili\u015fkin hususlar Kanunun 134 vd. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0davalar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fvuran\u0131n kim oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n maktu harca tabi iken 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 134. maddesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapan ve 30.11.2021 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27\/4. maddesi ile\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0davas\u0131n\u0131 \u201c Sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerin” a\u00e7mas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinde 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27\/5. maddesi ile davay\u0131 \u201c Sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filer” teminat yat\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131, 492 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, dava a\u00e7arken\u00a0har\u00e7tan\u00a0muaf olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki davac\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131rmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, HMK’n\u0131n 114. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan de\u011fildir. Dava\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131\u00a0\u00f6zel kanun ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kanunun “Noksan tesbit edilen de\u011fer \u00fczerinden harc\u0131n \u00f6denmesi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 30. maddesi “Muhakeme s\u0131ras\u0131nda tesbit olunan de\u011ferin, dava dilek\u00e7esinde bildirilen de\u011ferden fazla oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, yaln\u0131z o celse i\u00e7in muhakemeye devam olunur, takip eden celseye kadar noksan de\u011fer \u00fczerinden pe\u015fin karar ve ilam harc\u0131 tamamlanmad\u0131k\u00e7a davaya devam olunmaz. Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanununun 409 uncu (HMK md.150 ) maddesinde g\u00f6sterilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dosyan\u0131n muameleye konulmas\u0131, noksan olan harc\u0131n \u00f6denmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. HMK’ya g\u00f6re bir \u015fart\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131, Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ilgilisine usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde s\u00fcre verilmesi halinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Verilecek s\u00fcre yasal d\u00fczenlemeye uygun de\u011fil ise hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz. \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 27. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 134. maddesi bu yasal d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; \u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin 30.11.2021 tarihinden sonra, kanunda belirtilen istisnai taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130 \u00dcZER\u0130NDEN N\u0130SP\u0130 HARCA TAB\u0130 OLDU\u011eU VE N\u0130SP\u0130 HARCIN YARISININ PE\u015e\u0130N YATIRILACA\u011eI TARTI\u015eMASIZDIR. AYNI \u015eEK\u0130LDE \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130N\u0130N %5’\u0130 ORANINDA TEM\u0130NAT YATIRILMASI DA \u015eARTTIR. Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0har\u00e7, dava harc\u0131 olup,\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanuna g\u00f6re dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131n\u0131r. Noksan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu’nun 30.maddesinde belirtilen usul ile tamamlat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. %5 teminat ise yine\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0gibi dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n 114\/2.maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan teminat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in (harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden) \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE\u00a0HAR\u00c7\u00a0TAMAMLATILMALI, SONRA TEM\u0130NATIN YATIRILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N DAVACIYA HMK’NIN 115. MADDES\u0130NDE BEL\u0130RT\u0130LEN DAVA \u015eARTLARININ TAMAMLATILMASINA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USULE G\u00d6RE S\u00dcRE VER\u0130LMEL\u0130D\u0130R. Harc\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, “…davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131,”\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ise “…davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan usulden reddidir.” A\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lma ve usulden ret kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu izahtan varestedir. Mahkemece, ihalelerde pey s\u00fcren olup, kanunda belirtilen istisnai ki\u015filer d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan davac\u0131ya \u00f6ncelikle nispi pe\u015fin\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ve akabinde ihale bedelinin %5’i oran\u0131nda teminat yat\u0131rt\u0131lmadan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu hususun B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hatal\u0131 olup, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. MAHKEMECE YAPILACAK \u0130\u015e \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE DAVACIYA N\u0130SP\u0130 HARCI TAMAMLAMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N\u00a0HAR\u00c7LAR\u00a0KANUNUNUN 30. MADDES\u0130 UYARINCA \u0130\u015eLEM YAPMAK VE AKAB\u0130NDE TEM\u0130NATI YATIRTIP, SONUCA G\u0130TMEKT\u0130R.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 28.02.2024 Tarihli\u00a02024\/1470 Esas 2024\/1905 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n 114\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan\u00a0teminat\u0131n\u00a0tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in (harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden) \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE HAR\u00c7 TAMAMLATILMALI, SONRA\u00a0TEM\u0130NATIN\u00a0YATIRILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N DAVACIYA HMK’NIN 115.MADDES\u0130NDE BEL\u0130RT\u0130LEN DAVA \u015eARTLARININ TAMAMLATILMASINA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USULE G\u00d6RE S\u00dcRE VER\u0130LMEL\u0130D\u0130R. Harc\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, ” …davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131,” har\u00e7 yat\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte\u00a0teminat\u0131n\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ise “…davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan usulden reddidir.” A\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lma ve usulden ret kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu izahtan varestedir. Mahkemece, icra takibinde ipotek veren olup, kendi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fka ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u00a0ihalesinin\u00a0feshini\u00a0isteyen \u015fikayet\u00e7iye \u00f6ncelikle nispi har\u00e7 ve akabinde\u00a0ihale\u00a0bedelinin %5’i oran\u0131nda\u00a0teminat\u00a0yat\u0131rt\u0131lmadan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu hususun B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hatal\u0131 olup, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. Mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f \u00f6ncelikle davac\u0131ya nispi pe\u015fin harc\u0131 tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Har\u00e7lar Kanununun 30.maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yapmak ve har\u00e7 yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa akabinde\u00a0teminat\u0131\u00a0yat\u0131rt\u0131p, sonuca gitmektir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 25.6.2024 Tarihli, 2024\/4023 Esas, 2024\/6483 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026\u0130halenin\u00a0feshini isteyebilecek ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda pey s\u00fcrmek sureti ile\u00a0ihaleye\u00a0i\u015ftirak edenler de say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n\u00a024.11.2021 tarih 7343 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un\u00a027. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015fik \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n\u00a0134. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201csat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resmi sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerce yap\u0131lan\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinde, talepte bulunulurken ilgili ki\u015filerin muhtemel zararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere ihale bedelinin y\u00fczde be\u015fi oran\u0131nda teminat g\u00f6sterilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. \u2026 \u0130\u0130K’nun\u00a0134. maddesi pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle\u00a0ihaleye\u00a0i\u015ftirak eden ki\u015fileri\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshini isteyecek ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda saymakla birlikte, bu ki\u015filerin\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshini isteminde bulunabilmesini di\u011fer\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshini isteyecek ilgililere g\u00f6re daha a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlara tabii tutmu\u015f,\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harca tabi oldu\u011funu ve ayr\u0131ca ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden %5 oran\u0131nda teminat g\u00f6stermesinin \u015fart oldu\u011fu h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BU D\u00dcZENLEMEN\u0130N GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130 OLARAK UYGULAMADA SIRF \u0130HALE S\u00dcREC\u0130N\u0130 UZATMAK VE HAKSIZ MENFAAT SA\u011eLAMAK AMACI \u0130LE HUKUK\u0130 YARARI BULUNMAYAN K\u0130\u015e\u0130LERCE\u00a0\u0130HALEN\u0130N\u00a0FESH\u0130N\u0130N\u00a0TALEP ED\u0130LMES\u0130N\u0130N \u00d6N\u00dcNE GE\u00c7\u0130LMES\u0130, \u0130HALE S\u00dcREC\u0130N\u0130N HIZLI B\u0130R \u015eEK\u0130LDE TAMAMLANMASI G\u00d6STER\u0130LM\u0130\u015eT\u0130R. Getirilen bu d\u00fczenlemelerin hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmakla birlikte; \u00f6zellikle \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n\u00a0134\/3 f\u0131kras\u0131nda say\u0131lanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerin\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harca tabi olmas\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc lafz\u0131 itibariyle f\u0131kran\u0131n konulu\u015f amac\u0131na hizmet etmeyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr. \u015e\u00f6yle ki bu maddede say\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harc\u0131 eksik yat\u0131rmas\u0131 halinde Dairemiz \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu 30. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, teminat\u0131 yat\u0131rt\u0131p sonuca gidilmelidir. \u0130CRA MAHKEMES\u0130\u00a0N\u0130SB\u0130\u00a0HARCIN\u00a0YATIRILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N S\u00dcRE VERMES\u0130, VER\u0130LEN S\u00dcRE \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE\u00a0HAR\u00c7\u00a0TAMAMLANMAZ \u0130SE MAHKEMECE 492 SAYILI\u00a0HAR\u00c7LAR\u00a0KANUNUNUN\u00a030.MADDES\u0130N\u0130N YOLLAMASI \u0130LE HMK’NUN\u00a0150. MADDES\u0130 UYARINCA DAVA DOSYASININ \u0130\u015eLEMDEN KALDIRILMASINA VE S\u00dcRE \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE\u00a0HARCIN\u00a0\u0130KMAL ED\u0130LEREK YEN\u0130LEME TALEP ED\u0130LMEMES\u0130 HAL\u0130NDE DE DAVANIN A\u00c7ILMAMI\u015e SAYILMASINA KARAR VER\u0130LMES\u0130 GEREKMEKTED\u0130R. Oysa bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn konulu\u015f amac\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetle\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0kesinle\u015ftirilme s\u00fcrecini uzatmaya ili\u015fkin\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0taleplerini \u00f6nlemek olup \u0130\u0130K\u00a0134\/3 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p uygulanmas\u0131\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0hukuki yarar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n geciktirilmesine y\u00f6nelik fesih taleplerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verecektir. HMK\u00a0150. maddesine g\u00f6re davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesine kadar\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0kesinle\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmayacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 25.1.2024 Tarihli 2023\/9478 Esas 2024\/830 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; \u201c\u2026Dosyada \u00f6ncelikli sorun ” \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 7343 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile de\u011fi\u015fik\u00a0134. maddesindeki istisna taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ve teminat\u0131n niteli\u011fi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0114. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fart\u0131 olup, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nispi\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0ile teminat\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lma usul\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u2026\u0130cra takibi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 2004 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u0130K’na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshine ili\u015fkin hususlar Kanunun\u00a0134\u00a0vd. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130halenin feshi\u00a0davalar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fvuran\u0131n kim oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n maktu harca tabi iken 2004 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n\u00a0134. maddesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapan ve 30.11.2021 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7343 Say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun\u00a027\/4. maddesiyle\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0davas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resmi sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerin” a\u00e7mas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0ihalenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinde 7343 Say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun\u00a027\/5. maddesiyle davay\u0131 \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resmi sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filer” teminat yat\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dosyadaki bilgi ve belgelerden \u015fikayet\u00e7inin ta\u015f\u0131nmazda lehine kat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 gayrimenkul sat\u0131\u015f vaadi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lan \u015firket olup, \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik 134.maddesindeki sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resmi sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerden oldu\u011fu ve davan\u0131n nispi harca ve teminata tabi bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131, 492 Say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, dava a\u00e7arken\u00a0har\u00e7tan\u00a0muaf olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki davac\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131rmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0114.maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan de\u011fildir. Dava\u00a0har\u00e7lar\u0131\u00a0\u00f6zel kanun ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u2026Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0har\u00e7, dava harc\u0131 olup,\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanuna g\u00f6re dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131n\u0131r. Noksan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu’nun 30.maddesinde belirtilen usul ile tamamlat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. %5 teminat ise yine\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0gibi dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0114\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan teminat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ( harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden ) \u00f6ncelikle\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlat\u0131lmal\u0131, sonra teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0115. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usule g\u00f6re s\u00fcre verilmelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 12.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 25.10.2023 Tarihli 2023\/4261 Esas 2023\/6629 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; \u201c\u2026\u0130halenin\u00a0feshi\u00a0talebinin 30.11.2021 tarihinden sonra, kanunda belirtilen istisnai taraflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabi oldu\u011fu ve nispi\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015fin yat\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ihale bedelinin %5’i oran\u0131nda teminat yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u015fartt\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0har\u00e7, dava harc\u0131 olup,\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanuna g\u00f6re dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken al\u0131n\u0131r. Noksan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu’nun 30. maddesinde belirtilen usul ile tamamlat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. %5 teminat ise yine\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0gibi dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat, HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0114\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yat\u0131r\u0131lmayan teminat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in (harc\u0131 tamamlanmayan davaya devam edilemeyece\u011finden) \u00f6ncelikle\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlat\u0131lmal\u0131, sonra teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya HMK’n\u0131n\u00a0115. maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usule g\u00f6re s\u00fcre verilmelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7 OLARAK; \u0130halenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek ki\u015filer, yaln\u0131z sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, mahcuzun resm\u00ee sicilinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ilgililer ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri ile pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye i\u015ftirak edenlerden ibarettir. Nitekim burada \u0130\u0130K.m.134\u2019de yer alan \u201cyaln\u0131z\u201d ibaresi ile ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecekler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da tutulmu\u015ftur. Kanun metnindeki bu yaln\u0131z ifadesi d\u00fczenlemenin geni\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda bir ki\u015fi ihale tarihi itibariyle tapu sicilinde ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip de\u011filse ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz. Burada tapu sicilindeki ilgililerin tespitinde esas al\u0131nacak tarih ise ihale tarihidir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay ilgilerin tespiti i\u00e7in son i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda ihale tarihini esas almaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u0130K.m.134\u2019te ihalenin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek tapu sicilindeki ilgililer kavram\u0131 da, yorum yoluyla geni\u015fletilemez. \u0130\u015fte \u0130\u0130K.m.134 kapsam\u0131nda ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olunmamas\u0131 halinde devreye yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en \u0130\u0130K.m.134\/3 ve \u0130\u0130K.m.134\/4.maddeleri girer. \u0130lgili d\u00fczenlemeler gere\u011fi ilgili s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan davac\u0131ya \u0130cra Mahkemesince \u00f6ncelikle\u00a0nisbi\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmeli, verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0har\u00e7\u00a0tamamlanmaz ise mahkemece 492 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0Har\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanunu\u2019nun\u00a030.maddesinin yollamas\u0131 ile HMK\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0150.maddesi uyar\u0131nca dava dosyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0harc\u0131n\u00a0ikmal edilerek yenileme talep edilmemesi halinde de davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. \u015eayet verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan har\u00e7 tamamlan\u0131r ise mahkemece bu kez teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya HMK\u2019n\u0131n 115.maddesinde belirtilen dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usule g\u00f6re s\u00fcre verilmelidir. Burada harc\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, \u201cdavan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d\u00a0iken har\u00e7\u00a0yat\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte teminat\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u201cdavan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan usulden reddi\u201d \u015feklindedir.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
YARGITAY KARARLARI I\u015eI\u011eINDA \u0130HALEN\u0130N FESH\u0130 DAVALARINDA \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 SIFATI \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130LER\u0130 DI\u015eINDA \u0130HALEN\u0130N FESH\u0130N\u0130N TALEP ED\u0130LMES\u0130 H\u00c2L\u0130NDE \u0130HALE BEDEL\u0130 \u00dcZER\u0130NDEN N\u0130SB\u0130 HAR\u00c7 VE TEM\u0130NAT \u015eARTI (\u0130cra \u0130flas Kanunu madde 134) Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere \u0130cra \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun \u201c\u0130halenin Neticesi ve Feshi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 134\/2.maddesinde; \u201c\u0130halenin feshini, 11\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar\u00a0Kanununun\u00a0281\u2019inci maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 sebepler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yaln\u0131z sat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, mahcuzun resm\u00ee sicilinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ilgililer ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri ile pey s\u00fcrmek suretiyle ihaleye i\u015ftirak edenler yurt i\u00e7inde bir adres g\u00f6stermek ko\u015fuluyla icra mahkemesinden \u015fik\u00e2yet yolu ile ihale tarihinden itibaren yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde isteyebilirler. \u0130lgililerin ihale yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana kadar cereyan eden muamelelerdeki yolsuzluklara en ge\u00e7 ihale g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0131tt\u0131la peyda etti\u011fi kabul edilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. 24.11.2021 tarihinde ise 7343\u00a0Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 27.maddesi ile \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 134.maddesine; \u201cSat\u0131\u015f isteyen alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lu, resm\u00ee sicilde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ilgililer ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015filerce yap\u0131lan ihalenin feshi talebi, ihale bedeli \u00fczerinden nispi harca tabidir. Bu harc\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 talepte bulunulurken pe\u015fin olarak yat\u0131r\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r. Talebin kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde bu har\u00e7 ba\u015fka bir kimseye y\u00fcklenmez ve istem h\u00e2linde iade edilir. Talebin reddi h\u00e2linde ise al\u0131nan bu har\u00e7 iade edilmez ve harc\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ihalenin …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n