Doktrindeki h\u00e2kim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc bulunmaz[1]. Fakat bize g\u00f6re bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f; ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin aranmas\u0131, yarg\u0131c\u0131n kendili\u011finden delil ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, savc\u0131n\u0131n lehe delil toplama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi arg\u00fcmanlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda, kolektif bir faaliyet s\u00f6z konusu olup herkesin \u00e7abas\u0131yla maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130fade edelim ki, daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczere[2]; ceza yarg\u0131c\u0131 kendili\u011finden delil ara\u015ft\u0131ramaz. Detaylar i\u00e7in ilgili yaz\u0131ya bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin aranmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca soru\u015fturma savc\u0131s\u0131na verilen bir g\u00f6rev ve yetkidir. Kovu\u015fturmada b\u00f6yle bir ilke yoktur.<\/p>\n
Kolektif bir faaliyetle maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131 ise pratikten kopuk hayali bir s\u00f6ylemdir. Bir\u00e7ok durumda san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafii maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fmak bir yana ula\u015fmamak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n
Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yasal bir d\u00fczenleme yoktur. Ancak, mant\u0131k kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fi, her kim bir iddiada bulunuyorsa bunu ispatlamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda, iddianame d\u00fczenleyen Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 iddia makam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. O halde mant\u0131ksal a\u00e7\u0131dan, ispat y\u00fck\u00fc Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan yarg\u0131lamada temel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcje vard\u0131r: iddia, savunma ve mahkeme.<\/p>\n
\u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn mahkemede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya gerek dahi bulunmaz. Bir yarg\u0131\u00e7, su\u00e7u ispatlama gayretine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse, art\u0131k tarafs\u0131z de\u011fildir ve yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en temel niteli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f demektir.<\/p>\n
\u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fc, savunmada olamaz. San\u0131k, aksi ispatlan\u0131ncaya kadar su\u00e7suz kabul edilir (Anayasa m. 38\/4). O halde, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n su\u00e7suzlu\u011funu ispat etmesine gerek yoktur. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n susma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 da buna bir g\u00f6stergedir. San\u0131k, konu\u015fmak zorunda dahi de\u011fildir. Aktif bir bi\u00e7imde yarg\u0131lamaya kat\u0131lmasa dahi bu durum onun aleyhine de\u011ferlendirilemez.<\/p>\n
\u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn kimsede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek de ilk bak\u0131\u015fta sa\u00e7mal\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Zira yarg\u0131lama, su\u00e7un sabit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kimsenin su\u00e7un sabit oldu\u011funu ispatlamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n anlam ve amac\u0131n\u0131 yok saymak demektir.<\/p>\n
O halde, geriye bir tek iddia makam\u0131 kalmaktad\u0131r. Dolas\u0131yla bir yarg\u0131lamada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n su\u00e7lu oldu\u011funu ispat etmek, su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer[3].<\/p>\n
Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi de ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn iddia makam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Mahkemeye g\u00f6re: \u201cSu\u00e7suzluk karinesi\u00a0\u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: (1) g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken, mahkeme \u00fcyeleri san\u0131\u011f\u0131n isnat edilen su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fine dair \u00f6n yarg\u0131l\u0131 bir fikirle ba\u015flamamal\u0131d\u0131r; (2) ispat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savc\u0131l\u0131kta olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve (3) herhangi bir ku\u015fku san\u0131\u011fa yarar sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r[4].<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kan\u0131m\u0131zca doktrinde ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a hatal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fc Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindedir ve bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck yerine getirilemezse beraat karar\u0131 verilmelidir.<\/p>\n
—————<\/p>\n
[1] Kunter, Muhakeme Hukuku Dal\u0131 Olarak Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, 6. Bask\u0131, s. 427. Yenisey\/Nuho\u011flu, Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, 10. Bask\u0131, s. 541. Centel\/Zafer, Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, s. 834. \u00d6zt\u00fcrk ve Di\u011ferleri, Nazari ve Uygulamal\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, 16. Bask\u0131, s. 298. Feridun Yenisey, \u201cCeza Muhakemesi Hukukunda (Hukuka Uygun Bir \u015eekilde Elde Edilmi\u015f) Delil\u201d, Ceza Hukuku Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Say\u0131: 4, 2007, s. 10-12. Do\u011fan Gedik, \u201cCeza Muhakemesinde Hakimin Delilleri De\u011ferlendirme Serbestli\u011fi (CMK m.217)\u201d, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, Durmu\u015f Tezcan\u2019a Arma\u011fan, Cilt: 21, \u00d6zel Say\u0131, 2019, s. 947.<\/p>\n
[2] https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/ceza-yargici-kendiliginden-resen-delil-arastirabilir-mi<\/p>\n
[3] Chaim Perelman, \u201cHukuksal Uslamlama ve Hukuk Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u00c7ev. Tu\u011fba Ball\u0131gil, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131, Sulhi D\u00f6nmezer\u2019e Arma\u011fan, Cilt: 52, Say\u0131: 1-4, 1987, s. 706. Sami Sel\u00e7uk, \u201cKan\u0131tlar\u0131n Toplanmas\u0131nda Yasall\u0131k, D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve Total Ceza Adaleti\u201d, Yarg\u0131tay Dergisi, Cilt: 3, Say\u0131: 2, 1977, s. 51.<\/p>\n
[4] Barber\u00e0, Messegu\u00e9 and Jabardo v. \u0130spanya, 1988, \u00a7 77.<\/p>\n
\u200bDoktrindeki h\u00e2kim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc bulunmaz[1]. Fakat bize g\u00f6re bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f; ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin aranmas\u0131, yarg\u0131c\u0131n kendili\u011finden delil ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, savc\u0131n\u0131n lehe delil toplama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi arg\u00fcmanlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda, kolektif bir faaliyet s\u00f6z konusu olup herkesin \u00e7abas\u0131yla maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130fade edelim ki, daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczere[2]; ceza yarg\u0131c\u0131 kendili\u011finden delil ara\u015ft\u0131ramaz. Detaylar i\u00e7in ilgili yaz\u0131ya bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin aranmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca soru\u015fturma savc\u0131s\u0131na verilen bir g\u00f6rev ve yetkidir. Kovu\u015fturmada b\u00f6yle bir ilke yoktur.<\/p>\n
Kolektif bir faaliyetle maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131 ise pratikten kopuk hayali bir s\u00f6ylemdir. Bir\u00e7ok durumda san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafii maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fmak bir yana ula\u015fmamak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n
Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yasal bir d\u00fczenleme yoktur. Ancak, mant\u0131k kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fi, her kim bir iddiada bulunuyorsa bunu ispatlamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda, iddianame d\u00fczenleyen Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 iddia makam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. O halde mant\u0131ksal a\u00e7\u0131dan, ispat y\u00fck\u00fc Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan yarg\u0131lamada temel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcje vard\u0131r: iddia, savunma ve mahkeme.<\/p>\n
\u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn mahkemede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya gerek dahi bulunmaz. Bir yarg\u0131\u00e7, su\u00e7u ispatlama gayretine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse, art\u0131k tarafs\u0131z de\u011fildir ve yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en temel niteli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f demektir.<\/p>\n
\u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fc, savunmada olamaz. San\u0131k, aksi ispatlan\u0131ncaya kadar su\u00e7suz kabul edilir (Anayasa m. 38\/4). O halde, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n su\u00e7suzlu\u011funu ispat etmesine gerek yoktur. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n susma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 da buna bir g\u00f6stergedir. San\u0131k, konu\u015fmak zorunda dahi de\u011fildir. Aktif bir bi\u00e7imde yarg\u0131lamaya kat\u0131lmasa dahi bu durum onun aleyhine de\u011ferlendirilemez.<\/p>\n
\u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn kimsede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek de ilk bak\u0131\u015fta sa\u00e7mal\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Zira yarg\u0131lama, su\u00e7un sabit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kimsenin su\u00e7un sabit oldu\u011funu ispatlamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n anlam ve amac\u0131n\u0131 yok saymak demektir.<\/p>\n
O halde, geriye bir tek iddia makam\u0131 kalmaktad\u0131r. Dolas\u0131yla bir yarg\u0131lamada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n su\u00e7lu oldu\u011funu ispat etmek, su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer[3].<\/p>\n
Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi de ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn iddia makam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Mahkemeye g\u00f6re: \u201cSu\u00e7suzluk karinesi\u00a0\u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: (1) g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken, mahkeme \u00fcyeleri san\u0131\u011f\u0131n isnat edilen su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fine dair \u00f6n yarg\u0131l\u0131 bir fikirle ba\u015flamamal\u0131d\u0131r; (2) ispat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savc\u0131l\u0131kta olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve (3) herhangi bir ku\u015fku san\u0131\u011fa yarar sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r[4].<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kan\u0131m\u0131zca doktrinde ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a hatal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fc Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindedir ve bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck yerine getirilemezse beraat karar\u0131 verilmelidir.<\/p>\n
—————<\/p>\n
[1] Kunter, Muhakeme Hukuku Dal\u0131 Olarak Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, 6. Bask\u0131, s. 427. Yenisey\/Nuho\u011flu, Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, 10. Bask\u0131, s. 541. Centel\/Zafer, Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, s. 834. \u00d6zt\u00fcrk ve Di\u011ferleri, Nazari ve Uygulamal\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, 16. Bask\u0131, s. 298. Feridun Yenisey, \u201cCeza Muhakemesi Hukukunda (Hukuka Uygun Bir \u015eekilde Elde Edilmi\u015f) Delil\u201d, Ceza Hukuku Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Say\u0131: 4, 2007, s. 10-12. Do\u011fan Gedik, \u201cCeza Muhakemesinde Hakimin Delilleri De\u011ferlendirme Serbestli\u011fi (CMK m.217)\u201d, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, Durmu\u015f Tezcan\u2019a Arma\u011fan, Cilt: 21, \u00d6zel Say\u0131, 2019, s. 947.<\/p>\n
[2] https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/ceza-yargici-kendiliginden-resen-delil-arastirabilir-mi<\/p>\n
[3] Chaim Perelman, \u201cHukuksal Uslamlama ve Hukuk Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u00c7ev. Tu\u011fba Ball\u0131gil, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131, Sulhi D\u00f6nmezer\u2019e Arma\u011fan, Cilt: 52, Say\u0131: 1-4, 1987, s. 706. Sami Sel\u00e7uk, \u201cKan\u0131tlar\u0131n Toplanmas\u0131nda Yasall\u0131k, D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve Total Ceza Adaleti\u201d, Yarg\u0131tay Dergisi, Cilt: 3, Say\u0131: 2, 1977, s. 51.<\/p>\n
[4] Barber\u00e0, Messegu\u00e9 and Jabardo v. \u0130spanya, 1988, \u00a7 77.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Doktrindeki h\u00e2kim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc bulunmaz[1]. Fakat bize g\u00f6re bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f; ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin aranmas\u0131, yarg\u0131c\u0131n kendili\u011finden delil ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, savc\u0131n\u0131n lehe delil toplama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi arg\u00fcmanlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda, kolektif bir faaliyet s\u00f6z konusu olup herkesin \u00e7abas\u0131yla maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130fade edelim ki, daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczere[2]; ceza yarg\u0131c\u0131 kendili\u011finden delil ara\u015ft\u0131ramaz. Detaylar i\u00e7in ilgili yaz\u0131ya bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin aranmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca soru\u015fturma savc\u0131s\u0131na verilen bir g\u00f6rev ve yetkidir. Kovu\u015fturmada b\u00f6yle bir ilke yoktur. Kolektif bir faaliyetle maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131 ise pratikten kopuk hayali bir s\u00f6ylemdir. Bir\u00e7ok durumda san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafii maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fmak bir yana ula\u015fmamak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterecektir. Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yasal bir d\u00fczenleme yoktur. Ancak, mant\u0131k kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fi, her kim bir iddiada bulunuyorsa bunu ispatlamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda, iddianame d\u00fczenleyen Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 iddia makam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. O halde mant\u0131ksal a\u00e7\u0131dan, ispat y\u00fck\u00fc Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00a0 Di\u011fer yandan yarg\u0131lamada temel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcje vard\u0131r: iddia, savunma ve mahkeme. \u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn mahkemede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya gerek dahi bulunmaz. Bir yarg\u0131\u00e7, su\u00e7u ispatlama gayretine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse, art\u0131k tarafs\u0131z de\u011fildir ve yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en temel niteli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f demektir. \u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fc, savunmada olamaz. San\u0131k, aksi ispatlan\u0131ncaya kadar su\u00e7suz kabul edilir (Anayasa …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n