{"id":43388,"date":"2025-03-29T17:33:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/uncategorized-tr\/yargitay-kararlari-isiginda-babalik-davalarinda-dna-testinin-delil-niteligi-tmk-madde-301-vd\/"},"modified":"2025-03-29T17:33:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T14:33:00","slug":"yargitay-kararlari-isiginda-babalik-davalarinda-dna-testinin-delil-niteligi-tmk-madde-301-vd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/uk\/hukukihaber\/yargitay-kararlari-isiginda-babalik-davalarinda-dna-testinin-delil-niteligi-tmk-madde-301-vd\/","title":{"rendered":"YARGITAY KARARLARI I\u015eI\u011eINDA\u00a0BABALIK DAVALARINDA DNA TEST\u0130N\u0130N DEL\u0130L N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130 (TMK.madde 301 vd)"},"content":{"rendered":"

4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cBabal\u0131k H\u00fckm\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen 301.maddesinde; \u201c \u00c7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece belirlenmesini ana ve \u00e7ocuk isteyebilirler. Dava babaya, baba \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fse miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Babal\u0131k davas\u0131, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na ve Hazineye; dava ana taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa kayy\u0131ma; kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa anaya ihbar edilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cHak D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcreler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 303.maddesinde ise; \u201cBabal\u0131k davas\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan \u00f6nce veya sonra a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Anan\u0131n dava hakk\u0131, do\u011fumdan ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00c7ocuk ile ba\u015fka bir erkek aras\u0131nda soyba\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisi varsa, bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre bu ili\u015fkinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ile mahkemece belirlenmesini isteyen davac\u0131dad\u0131r. Burada babal\u0131k davas\u0131 gibi soyba\u011f\u0131 hukukunu ilgilendiren davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip do\u011fru kimliklendirme ancak DNA testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, 2.Bas\u0131, Ankara 2025, s.299-305). Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 04.10.2023 Tarihli 2022\/2-762 Esas 2023\/883 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 husus vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026soyba\u011f\u0131 ve miras hukukunu ilgilendiren bu t\u00fcr davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131narak, davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip, do\u011fru kimliklendirme i\u00e7in DNA testi yap\u0131larak karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi de unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Bu nedenle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gen teknolojisi sayesinde babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir \u015fekilde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 hale geldi\u011finden babal\u0131k karinesini ispata dair ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131, belge gibi hususlar genetik babal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ispat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamayan delil \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, s.306). Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda DNA testi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda takdiri delillere itibar edilemez. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay da bir karar\u0131nda DNA testinde daval\u0131lar\u0131n murisinin davac\u0131lar\u0131n babas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda takdiri di\u011fer delillere itibar edilemeyece\u011fini ve davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 05.11.2001 T. 13155\/15228). Yine Yarg\u0131tay, DNA testi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131 tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n beyanlar\u0131na itibar edilemeyece\u011fini (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 27.12.2021 T. 2021\/8767 E. 2021\/10066 K), babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulabilmesi i\u00e7in DNA testi yap\u0131lmadan karar verilemeyece\u011fini (Yarg\u0131tay 18.Hd. 10.05.2012 T. 2012\/3509 E. 2012\/5335 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 18.Hd. 18.04.2013 T. 2013\/1898 E. 2013\/6844 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay Hgk. 04.10.2023 T. 2022\/2-762 E. 2023\/883 K.), haz\u0131rlanan DNA testine ili\u015fkin bilirki\u015fi raporunda daval\u0131n\u0131n baba olma oran\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesinin \u015fart oldu\u011funu (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 07.05.2009 T. 3008\/9014), DNA \u00f6rne\u011finin ilgilisinden de\u011fil de ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edildi\u011fi takdirde anne, soyba\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenecek olan \u00e7ocuk ve baba oldu\u011fu iddia edilen ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 anda birlikte DNA \u00f6rne\u011fi vermek \u00fczere adli t\u0131p kurumuna sevk edilerek yeniden rapor al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 29.04.2024 T. 2024\/1263 E. 2024\/2926 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 06.11.2024 T. 2024\/3610 E.\u00a0 2024\/8359 K.) kararlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Yine Yarg\u0131tay yap\u0131lacak DNA testi neticesinde davac\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti halinde takdiri di\u011fer delillere bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n babal\u0131k davas\u0131n\u0131n reddi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 06.02.2024 T. 2022\/6369 E. 2024\/543 K.).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu hususlarla birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lan bir babal\u0131k davas\u0131nda DNA testi yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in hakimde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun babas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 olabilece\u011fine dair kanaat olu\u015fmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda davac\u0131 taraf\u0131n her soyut ve mesnetsiz iddias\u0131 \u00fczerine derhal soyba\u011f\u0131 incelemesine giri\u015filmemeli, mahkeme biyolojik babal\u0131\u011fa dair somut verilerin sunulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ciddi emarelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirdi\u011fi takdirde ancak DNA analizi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermelidir. Nitekim her talepte t\u0131bbi y\u00f6ntemlerin uygulanmas\u0131na karar verilmesi, baba oldu\u011fu iddia edilen ki\u015finin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyebilecek bir durumdur (Dr.Hikmet B\u0130LG\u0130N, Medeni Usul Hukuku A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Babal\u0131k Davas\u0131, Ankara 2022, s.426 ; Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, s.315).<\/p>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay, babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda genetik soyba\u011f\u0131 incelemesinde uygulanacak t\u0131bbi y\u00f6ntemleri tek tek belirleyerek anaya, \u00e7ocu\u011fa ve daval\u0131ya uygulanacak t\u0131bbi testlerin t\u00fcrlerini sayma yoluna gitmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 08.03.1995 Tarihli 1994\/2-671 Esas 1995\/162 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; \u201c\u2026babal\u0131k davas\u0131, irs ve nesep ili\u015fkisinin ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde kabul edilebilir. Yap\u0131lan rutin kan tahlili babal\u0131k hususunda ancak olumsuz bir delil sa\u011flayarak \u00e7ocu\u011fun daval\u0131 babadan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilir. Yoksa \u00e7ocu\u011fun babas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 oldu\u011funu kesin olarak saptayamaz. Ne varki, baban\u0131n kim oldu\u011funu tayin ve tesbitte t\u0131bda b\u00fcy\u00fck bilimsel geli\u015fmeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bilimin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklardan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ku\u015fkusuzdur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede daval\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f beyyinesi olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc benzemezlik testlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n icap etti\u011fi de a\u015fikard\u0131r. Olayda, davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve baba oldu\u011fu iddia olunan daval\u0131n\u0131n kan gruplar\u0131 belirlenerek Adli T\u0131p Kurumunca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa da bu yeterli de\u011fildir. O itibarla davada sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve hukuksal bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve daval\u0131n\u0131n Alyuvar ( Eritrosit ) ANT\u0130JENLER\u0130 ( ABO, Rh ( CDE, c de ) UNSS, Dff ( Fya Fyb ) Kidd ( jka, jkb ) Keli ( Kk ); LOKOS\u0130T ANT\u0130JENLER\u0130 ( HA-A ), ( HLA-B ), ( HLA-C ), ( HLA-DR ), ( HLA-DQ ); ALYUVAR ( ER\u0130TROS\u0130T ) ENZ\u0130MLER\u0130 ( Adenozin Dezaminaz, Esteraz D. Fosforo\u011flu Komutaz, gliyok salaz ( I ), Adanilat Kinaz, Glukoz 6 fsfat dehidrogenaz, Alanin Transaminaz, Eritrosit asit Fosfataz ( LAP ); SER\u0130M PROTE\u0130NLER\u0130 ( Heptoglobin, Hemaglobin ve Tarnsiferin ) testleri mutlaka yap\u0131lmal\u0131, baba oldu\u011fu iddia olunan ki\u015finin % 99,73 oran\u0131ndan daha az ihtimalle baba olabilece\u011fi belirlenmi\u015f ise, karbonik Anhidraz ( Ca II ) Peptidoz A, Gm. levis ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sonuca gidilmelidir. Yine de ayn\u0131 oranda bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilemiyor ise bu kez ( DNA ) tiplemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 imkan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n baba olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ihtimali tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p deliller hep birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek takdir edilmelidir.\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yine Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 17.1.1994 Tarihli 1993\/12172 Esas 1994\/307 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; \u201c\u2026Di\u011fer taraftan, babal\u0131k olgusu irs ve nesep ili\u015fkisinin ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak nispette a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde kabul edilebilir. Bu konuda, tekni\u011fin t\u00fcm imkanlar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu c\u00fcmleden olarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc benzemezlik testleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve daval\u0131n\u0131n kan gruplar\u0131 belirlenerek Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Biyoloji \u0130htisas Dairesi\u2019nde bir inceleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da, bu yeterli de\u011fildir. Davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve daval\u0131n\u0131n ALYUVAR (ER\u0130TROS\u0130T) ANT\u0130JENLER\u0130 (ABO, Rh (CDE, cde), MNSs, Duffy (Fya Fyb) Kidd (Jka, Jkb), KeM (Kk); LOKOSlT ANTlJENLERl (HLA-A), (HLA-B), (HLA-C), (HLA-DR), (HLA-DO); ALYUVAR (ERlTROSlT) ENZlMLERl (Adenozin Dezaminaz, Esteraz D, Fosfoglukomuta, gliyoksalaz (1), Adanilat Kinaz, Glukoz 6 fosfat dehiderogenaz, Alanin Transaminaz, Eritrosit asit fosfotaz (LAP); SERUM PROTElNLERl (Heptoglobin, Hemaglobin ve Transferrin) testleri mutlaka yap\u0131lmal\u0131, baba oldu\u011fu iddia olunan ki\u015finin % 99.73 oran\u0131ndan daha az ihtimalle baba olabilece\u011fi belirlenmi\u015f ise, Karbonik Anhidraz (Ga II), Peptidaz A. Gm. levis ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sonuca gidilmelidir. Yinede ayn\u0131 oranda bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilemiyor ise DNA tiplemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 imkan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n baba olmayaca\u011f\u0131 ihtimali tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p delillerin hep birlikte takdiri gerekir. \u00dcniversitelerin T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltelerinden \u00f6zellikle Adli T\u0131p, T\u0131bbi Biyokimya ana bilim dallar\u0131 ile enstit\u00fclerinden herhangisinde a\u00e7\u0131klanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131labildi\u011fi belirlendikten sonra; davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve daval\u0131 o kurumlara birlikte sevk edilip davac\u0131n\u0131n sav\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmadan eksik incelemeyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 ve davan\u0131n reddi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 20.03.1995 Tarihli 2363\/3155 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da benzer y\u00f6ndedir. Yarg\u0131tay bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla genetik incelemelerde t\u0131bbi y\u00f6ntemlere tek tek i\u015faret etmi\u015f ve davay\u0131 inceleyen mahkemelerin bu s\u0131ralamaya uygun hareket etmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6nemle vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede babal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, inceleme materyali kanlar, grup ve fakt\u00f6rler ku\u015fku uyand\u0131rmayacak bi\u00e7imde dikkatli belirlenmeli, genotipik kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r (Dr.Hikmet B\u0130LG\u0130N, Medeni Usul Hukuku A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Babal\u0131k Davas\u0131, Ankara 2022, s.335-337). Burada Yarg\u0131tay, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Kanunu Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019ni gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek rapordan 6 ay \u00f6nce al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kan \u00f6rne\u011fine dayanarak haz\u0131rlanan DNA raporunun h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay, kan \u00f6rne\u011fi alma ve inceleme prosed\u00fcr\u00fcnde Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Kanunu Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019ne uygun davran\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kararlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin bu konudaki 06.03.2012 Tarihli 2011\/576 Esas 2012\/4827 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir; \u201c\u2026H\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Ankara Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 30.7.2010 tarihli (851) say\u0131l\u0131 raporunda; incelemeye esas al\u0131nan materyalin “\u2026’e” ait oldu\u011fu ve incelemenin bu \u015fahsa ait materyal \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f, sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise “daval\u0131n\u0131n biyolojik babal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n reddedildi\u011fi” y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ncelemeye esas al\u0131nan materyalin sahibi “…” davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Rapor bu haliyle kendi i\u00e7inde \u00e7eli\u015fkilidir. Adli T\u0131p Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca daha sonra verilen 8.9.2010 tarihli Grup Ba\u015fkanvekili uzman Dr. \u2026’n\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva eden cevap, rapordaki a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi giderici nitelikte de\u011fildir. \u00d6te yandan raporda DNA izolasyonu i\u00e7in ana ve \u00e7ocuktan yeni bir materyal al\u0131nmay\u0131p, \u2026 aleyhinde a\u00e7\u0131lan ve “tan\u0131man\u0131n iptaliyle” sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f bulunan davadaki 17.6.2009 tarihli rapor i\u00e7in al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan materyalin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tayini i\u00e7in \u015fah\u0131slardan al\u0131nan kan veya kimliklendirmeye uygun materyal\u0131n geli\u015f tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay sonra imha edilmesi Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Kanunu Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin gere\u011fi iken (Y\u00f6netmelik m.13\/son) ayn\u0131 materyalin dokuz ay sonra hangi sebeple incelemeye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fin kabul edilebilir yasal bir sebep de g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015ftir. Bu haliyle rapor soyba\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisini ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta ve yeterlikte de\u011fildir. Mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f; soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ocuk ve ana ile daval\u0131n\u0131n Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Biyoloji \u0130htisas Dairesine son alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve mahkemece onaylanm\u0131\u015f iki\u015fer adet vesikal\u0131k foto\u011fraflar\u0131yla birlikte sevk edilerek, gerekli t\u0131bbi materyallerinin al\u0131n\u0131p, DNA tiplemelerinin ve genetik incelemenin yap\u0131larak daval\u0131n\u0131n baba olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda yeniden rapor al\u0131n\u0131p, sonucuna g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131ndan ibarettir. Bu y\u00f6nler g\u00f6zetilmeden eksik inceleme ile h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi do\u011fru bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7 OLARAK; Babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ile mahkemece belirlenmesini isteyen davac\u0131dad\u0131r. Burada babal\u0131k davas\u0131 gibi soyba\u011f\u0131 hukukunu ilgilendiren davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip do\u011fru kimliklendirme ancak DNA testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gen teknolojisi sayesinde babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir \u015fekilde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 hale geldi\u011finden babal\u0131k karinesini ispata dair ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131, belge gibi hususlar genetik babal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ispat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamayan delil \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda DNA testi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda takdiri delillere itibar edilemez. T\u00fcm bu hususlarla birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lan bir babal\u0131k davas\u0131nda DNA testi yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in hakimde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun babas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 olabilece\u011fine dair kanaat olu\u015fmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda davac\u0131 taraf\u0131n her soyut ve mesnetsiz iddias\u0131 \u00fczerine derhal soyba\u011f\u0131 incelemesine giri\u015filmemeli, mahkeme biyolojik babal\u0131\u011fa dair somut verilerin sunulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ciddi emarelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirdi\u011fi takdirde ancak DNA analizi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermelidir.<\/p>\n

\u200b4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cBabal\u0131k H\u00fckm\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen 301.maddesinde; \u201c \u00c7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece belirlenmesini ana ve \u00e7ocuk isteyebilirler. Dava babaya, baba \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fse miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Babal\u0131k davas\u0131, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na ve Hazineye; dava ana taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa kayy\u0131ma; kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa anaya ihbar edilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cHak D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcreler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 303.maddesinde ise; \u201cBabal\u0131k davas\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan \u00f6nce veya sonra a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Anan\u0131n dava hakk\u0131, do\u011fumdan ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00c7ocuk ile ba\u015fka bir erkek aras\u0131nda soyba\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisi varsa, bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre bu ili\u015fkinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ile mahkemece belirlenmesini isteyen davac\u0131dad\u0131r. Burada babal\u0131k davas\u0131 gibi soyba\u011f\u0131 hukukunu ilgilendiren davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip do\u011fru kimliklendirme ancak DNA testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, 2.Bas\u0131, Ankara 2025, s.299-305). Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 04.10.2023 Tarihli 2022\/2-762 Esas 2023\/883 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 husus vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026soyba\u011f\u0131 ve miras hukukunu ilgilendiren bu t\u00fcr davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131narak, davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip, do\u011fru kimliklendirme i\u00e7in DNA testi yap\u0131larak karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi de unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Bu nedenle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gen teknolojisi sayesinde babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir \u015fekilde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 hale geldi\u011finden babal\u0131k karinesini ispata dair ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131, belge gibi hususlar genetik babal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ispat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamayan delil \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, s.306). Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda DNA testi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda takdiri delillere itibar edilemez. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay da bir karar\u0131nda DNA testinde daval\u0131lar\u0131n murisinin davac\u0131lar\u0131n babas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda takdiri di\u011fer delillere itibar edilemeyece\u011fini ve davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 05.11.2001 T. 13155\/15228). Yine Yarg\u0131tay, DNA testi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131 tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n beyanlar\u0131na itibar edilemeyece\u011fini (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 27.12.2021 T. 2021\/8767 E. 2021\/10066 K), babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulabilmesi i\u00e7in DNA testi yap\u0131lmadan karar verilemeyece\u011fini (Yarg\u0131tay 18.Hd. 10.05.2012 T. 2012\/3509 E. 2012\/5335 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 18.Hd. 18.04.2013 T. 2013\/1898 E. 2013\/6844 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay Hgk. 04.10.2023 T. 2022\/2-762 E. 2023\/883 K.), haz\u0131rlanan DNA testine ili\u015fkin bilirki\u015fi raporunda daval\u0131n\u0131n baba olma oran\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesinin \u015fart oldu\u011funu (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 07.05.2009 T. 3008\/9014), DNA \u00f6rne\u011finin ilgilisinden de\u011fil de ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edildi\u011fi takdirde anne, soyba\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenecek olan \u00e7ocuk ve baba oldu\u011fu iddia edilen ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 anda birlikte DNA \u00f6rne\u011fi vermek \u00fczere adli t\u0131p kurumuna sevk edilerek yeniden rapor al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 29.04.2024 T. 2024\/1263 E. 2024\/2926 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 06.11.2024 T. 2024\/3610 E.\u00a0 2024\/8359 K.) kararlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Yine Yarg\u0131tay yap\u0131lacak DNA testi neticesinde davac\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti halinde takdiri di\u011fer delillere bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n babal\u0131k davas\u0131n\u0131n reddi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hd. 06.02.2024 T. 2022\/6369 E. 2024\/543 K.).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu hususlarla birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lan bir babal\u0131k davas\u0131nda DNA testi yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in hakimde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun babas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 olabilece\u011fine dair kanaat olu\u015fmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda davac\u0131 taraf\u0131n her soyut ve mesnetsiz iddias\u0131 \u00fczerine derhal soyba\u011f\u0131 incelemesine giri\u015filmemeli, mahkeme biyolojik babal\u0131\u011fa dair somut verilerin sunulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ciddi emarelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirdi\u011fi takdirde ancak DNA analizi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermelidir. Nitekim her talepte t\u0131bbi y\u00f6ntemlerin uygulanmas\u0131na karar verilmesi, baba oldu\u011fu iddia edilen ki\u015finin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyebilecek bir durumdur (Dr.Hikmet B\u0130LG\u0130N, Medeni Usul Hukuku A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Babal\u0131k Davas\u0131, Ankara 2022, s.426 ; Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, s.315).<\/p>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay, babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda genetik soyba\u011f\u0131 incelemesinde uygulanacak t\u0131bbi y\u00f6ntemleri tek tek belirleyerek anaya, \u00e7ocu\u011fa ve daval\u0131ya uygulanacak t\u0131bbi testlerin t\u00fcrlerini sayma yoluna gitmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 08.03.1995 Tarihli 1994\/2-671 Esas 1995\/162 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; \u201c\u2026babal\u0131k davas\u0131, irs ve nesep ili\u015fkisinin ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde kabul edilebilir. Yap\u0131lan rutin kan tahlili babal\u0131k hususunda ancak olumsuz bir delil sa\u011flayarak \u00e7ocu\u011fun daval\u0131 babadan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilir. Yoksa \u00e7ocu\u011fun babas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 oldu\u011funu kesin olarak saptayamaz. Ne varki, baban\u0131n kim oldu\u011funu tayin ve tesbitte t\u0131bda b\u00fcy\u00fck bilimsel geli\u015fmeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bilimin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklardan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ku\u015fkusuzdur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede daval\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f beyyinesi olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc benzemezlik testlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n icap etti\u011fi de a\u015fikard\u0131r. Olayda, davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve baba oldu\u011fu iddia olunan daval\u0131n\u0131n kan gruplar\u0131 belirlenerek Adli T\u0131p Kurumunca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa da bu yeterli de\u011fildir. O itibarla davada sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve hukuksal bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve daval\u0131n\u0131n Alyuvar ( Eritrosit ) ANT\u0130JENLER\u0130 ( ABO, Rh ( CDE, c de ) UNSS, Dff ( Fya Fyb ) Kidd ( jka, jkb ) Keli ( Kk ); LOKOS\u0130T ANT\u0130JENLER\u0130 ( HA-A ), ( HLA-B ), ( HLA-C ), ( HLA-DR ), ( HLA-DQ ); ALYUVAR ( ER\u0130TROS\u0130T ) ENZ\u0130MLER\u0130 ( Adenozin Dezaminaz, Esteraz D. Fosforo\u011flu Komutaz, gliyok salaz ( I ), Adanilat Kinaz, Glukoz 6 fsfat dehidrogenaz, Alanin Transaminaz, Eritrosit asit Fosfataz ( LAP ); SER\u0130M PROTE\u0130NLER\u0130 ( Heptoglobin, Hemaglobin ve Tarnsiferin ) testleri mutlaka yap\u0131lmal\u0131, baba oldu\u011fu iddia olunan ki\u015finin % 99,73 oran\u0131ndan daha az ihtimalle baba olabilece\u011fi belirlenmi\u015f ise, karbonik Anhidraz ( Ca II ) Peptidoz A, Gm. levis ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sonuca gidilmelidir. Yine de ayn\u0131 oranda bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilemiyor ise bu kez ( DNA ) tiplemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 imkan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n baba olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ihtimali tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p deliller hep birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek takdir edilmelidir.\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yine Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 17.1.1994 Tarihli 1993\/12172 Esas 1994\/307 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; \u201c\u2026Di\u011fer taraftan, babal\u0131k olgusu irs ve nesep ili\u015fkisinin ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak nispette a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde kabul edilebilir. Bu konuda, tekni\u011fin t\u00fcm imkanlar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu c\u00fcmleden olarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc benzemezlik testleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve daval\u0131n\u0131n kan gruplar\u0131 belirlenerek Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Biyoloji \u0130htisas Dairesi\u2019nde bir inceleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da, bu yeterli de\u011fildir. Davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve daval\u0131n\u0131n ALYUVAR (ER\u0130TROS\u0130T) ANT\u0130JENLER\u0130 (ABO, Rh (CDE, cde), MNSs, Duffy (Fya Fyb) Kidd (Jka, Jkb), KeM (Kk); LOKOSlT ANTlJENLERl (HLA-A), (HLA-B), (HLA-C), (HLA-DR), (HLA-DO); ALYUVAR (ERlTROSlT) ENZlMLERl (Adenozin Dezaminaz, Esteraz D, Fosfoglukomuta, gliyoksalaz (1), Adanilat Kinaz, Glukoz 6 fosfat dehiderogenaz, Alanin Transaminaz, Eritrosit asit fosfotaz (LAP); SERUM PROTElNLERl (Heptoglobin, Hemaglobin ve Transferrin) testleri mutlaka yap\u0131lmal\u0131, baba oldu\u011fu iddia olunan ki\u015finin % 99.73 oran\u0131ndan daha az ihtimalle baba olabilece\u011fi belirlenmi\u015f ise, Karbonik Anhidraz (Ga II), Peptidaz A. Gm. levis ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sonuca gidilmelidir. Yinede ayn\u0131 oranda bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilemiyor ise DNA tiplemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 imkan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n baba olmayaca\u011f\u0131 ihtimali tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p delillerin hep birlikte takdiri gerekir. \u00dcniversitelerin T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltelerinden \u00f6zellikle Adli T\u0131p, T\u0131bbi Biyokimya ana bilim dallar\u0131 ile enstit\u00fclerinden herhangisinde a\u00e7\u0131klanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131labildi\u011fi belirlendikten sonra; davac\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve daval\u0131 o kurumlara birlikte sevk edilip davac\u0131n\u0131n sav\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmadan eksik incelemeyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 ve davan\u0131n reddi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 20.03.1995 Tarihli 2363\/3155 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da benzer y\u00f6ndedir. Yarg\u0131tay bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla genetik incelemelerde t\u0131bbi y\u00f6ntemlere tek tek i\u015faret etmi\u015f ve davay\u0131 inceleyen mahkemelerin bu s\u0131ralamaya uygun hareket etmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6nemle vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede babal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, inceleme materyali kanlar, grup ve fakt\u00f6rler ku\u015fku uyand\u0131rmayacak bi\u00e7imde dikkatli belirlenmeli, genotipik kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r (Dr.Hikmet B\u0130LG\u0130N, Medeni Usul Hukuku A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Babal\u0131k Davas\u0131, Ankara 2022, s.335-337). Burada Yarg\u0131tay, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Kanunu Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019ni gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek rapordan 6 ay \u00f6nce al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kan \u00f6rne\u011fine dayanarak haz\u0131rlanan DNA raporunun h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay, kan \u00f6rne\u011fi alma ve inceleme prosed\u00fcr\u00fcnde Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Kanunu Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019ne uygun davran\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kararlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin bu konudaki 06.03.2012 Tarihli 2011\/576 Esas 2012\/4827 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir; \u201c\u2026H\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Ankara Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 30.7.2010 tarihli (851) say\u0131l\u0131 raporunda; incelemeye esas al\u0131nan materyalin “\u2026’e” ait oldu\u011fu ve incelemenin bu \u015fahsa ait materyal \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f, sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise “daval\u0131n\u0131n biyolojik babal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n reddedildi\u011fi” y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ncelemeye esas al\u0131nan materyalin sahibi “…” davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Rapor bu haliyle kendi i\u00e7inde \u00e7eli\u015fkilidir. Adli T\u0131p Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca daha sonra verilen 8.9.2010 tarihli Grup Ba\u015fkanvekili uzman Dr. \u2026’n\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva eden cevap, rapordaki a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi giderici nitelikte de\u011fildir. \u00d6te yandan raporda DNA izolasyonu i\u00e7in ana ve \u00e7ocuktan yeni bir materyal al\u0131nmay\u0131p, \u2026 aleyhinde a\u00e7\u0131lan ve “tan\u0131man\u0131n iptaliyle” sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f bulunan davadaki 17.6.2009 tarihli rapor i\u00e7in al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan materyalin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tayini i\u00e7in \u015fah\u0131slardan al\u0131nan kan veya kimliklendirmeye uygun materyal\u0131n geli\u015f tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay sonra imha edilmesi Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Kanunu Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin gere\u011fi iken (Y\u00f6netmelik m.13\/son) ayn\u0131 materyalin dokuz ay sonra hangi sebeple incelemeye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fin kabul edilebilir yasal bir sebep de g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015ftir. Bu haliyle rapor soyba\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisini ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta ve yeterlikte de\u011fildir. Mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f; soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ocuk ve ana ile daval\u0131n\u0131n Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Biyoloji \u0130htisas Dairesine son alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve mahkemece onaylanm\u0131\u015f iki\u015fer adet vesikal\u0131k foto\u011fraflar\u0131yla birlikte sevk edilerek, gerekli t\u0131bbi materyallerinin al\u0131n\u0131p, DNA tiplemelerinin ve genetik incelemenin yap\u0131larak daval\u0131n\u0131n baba olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda yeniden rapor al\u0131n\u0131p, sonucuna g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131ndan ibarettir. Bu y\u00f6nler g\u00f6zetilmeden eksik inceleme ile h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi do\u011fru bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7 OLARAK; Babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ile mahkemece belirlenmesini isteyen davac\u0131dad\u0131r. Burada babal\u0131k davas\u0131 gibi soyba\u011f\u0131 hukukunu ilgilendiren davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip do\u011fru kimliklendirme ancak DNA testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gen teknolojisi sayesinde babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir \u015fekilde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 hale geldi\u011finden babal\u0131k karinesini ispata dair ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131, belge gibi hususlar genetik babal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ispat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamayan delil \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda DNA testi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda takdiri delillere itibar edilemez. T\u00fcm bu hususlarla birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lan bir babal\u0131k davas\u0131nda DNA testi yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in hakimde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun babas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 olabilece\u011fine dair kanaat olu\u015fmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda davac\u0131 taraf\u0131n her soyut ve mesnetsiz iddias\u0131 \u00fczerine derhal soyba\u011f\u0131 incelemesine giri\u015filmemeli, mahkeme biyolojik babal\u0131\u011fa dair somut verilerin sunulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ciddi emarelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirdi\u011fi takdirde ancak DNA analizi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermelidir.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n

Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cBabal\u0131k H\u00fckm\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen 301.maddesinde; \u201c \u00c7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece belirlenmesini ana ve \u00e7ocuk isteyebilirler. Dava babaya, baba \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fse miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Babal\u0131k davas\u0131, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na ve Hazineye; dava ana taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa kayy\u0131ma; kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa anaya ihbar edilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cHak D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcreler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 303.maddesinde ise; \u201cBabal\u0131k davas\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan \u00f6nce veya sonra a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Anan\u0131n dava hakk\u0131, do\u011fumdan ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00c7ocuk ile ba\u015fka bir erkek aras\u0131nda soyba\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisi varsa, bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre bu ili\u015fkinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ile mahkemece belirlenmesini isteyen davac\u0131dad\u0131r. Burada babal\u0131k davas\u0131 gibi soyba\u011f\u0131 hukukunu ilgilendiren davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip do\u011fru kimliklendirme ancak DNA testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, 2.Bas\u0131, Ankara 2025, s.299-305). Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 04.10.2023 Tarihli 2022\/2-762 Esas 2023\/883 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 husus vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026soyba\u011f\u0131 ve miras hukukunu ilgilendiren bu t\u00fcr davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131narak, davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nYARGITAY KARARLARI I\u015eI\u011eINDA\u00a0BABALIK DAVALARINDA DNA TEST\u0130N\u0130N DEL\u0130L N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130 (TMK.madde 301 vd) - Av. Deniz Can K\u0131z\u0131l<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/uk\/hukukihaber\/yargitay-kararlari-isiginda-babalik-davalarinda-dna-testinin-delil-niteligi-tmk-madde-301-vd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"uk_UA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"YARGITAY KARARLARI I\u015eI\u011eINDA\u00a0BABALIK DAVALARINDA DNA TEST\u0130N\u0130N DEL\u0130L N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130 (TMK.madde 301 vd)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cBabal\u0131k H\u00fckm\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen 301.maddesinde; \u201c \u00c7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece belirlenmesini ana ve \u00e7ocuk isteyebilirler. Dava babaya, baba \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fse miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Babal\u0131k davas\u0131, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na ve Hazineye; dava ana taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa kayy\u0131ma; kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa anaya ihbar edilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cHak D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcreler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 303.maddesinde ise; \u201cBabal\u0131k davas\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan \u00f6nce veya sonra a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Anan\u0131n dava hakk\u0131, do\u011fumdan ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00c7ocuk ile ba\u015fka bir erkek aras\u0131nda soyba\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisi varsa, bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre bu ili\u015fkinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ile mahkemece belirlenmesini isteyen davac\u0131dad\u0131r. Burada babal\u0131k davas\u0131 gibi soyba\u011f\u0131 hukukunu ilgilendiren davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip do\u011fru kimliklendirme ancak DNA testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, 2.Bas\u0131, Ankara 2025, s.299-305). Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 04.10.2023 Tarihli 2022\/2-762 Esas 2023\/883 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 husus vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026soyba\u011f\u0131 ve miras hukukunu ilgilendiren bu t\u00fcr davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131narak, davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/uk\/hukukihaber\/yargitay-kararlari-isiginda-babalik-davalarinda-dna-testinin-delil-niteligi-tmk-madde-301-vd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Av. 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Babal\u0131k davas\u0131, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na ve Hazineye; dava ana taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa kayy\u0131ma; kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa anaya ihbar edilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cHak D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcreler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 303.maddesinde ise; \u201cBabal\u0131k davas\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan \u00f6nce veya sonra a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Anan\u0131n dava hakk\u0131, do\u011fumdan ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00c7ocuk ile ba\u015fka bir erkek aras\u0131nda soyba\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisi varsa, bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre bu ili\u015fkinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda babal\u0131k davalar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131ndaki soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ile mahkemece belirlenmesini isteyen davac\u0131dad\u0131r. Burada babal\u0131k davas\u0131 gibi soyba\u011f\u0131 hukukunu ilgilendiren davalarda do\u011fru sicil olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla davan\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan delillerle yetinilmeyip do\u011fru kimliklendirme ancak DNA testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Yarg\u0131tay 2.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer U\u011fur GEN\u00c7CAN, Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu Tetkik Hakimi M\u00fcjde YASAN, Babal\u0131k Maddi ve Usul Hukuku, 2.Bas\u0131, Ankara 2025, s.299-305). 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