ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2023\/66<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/185<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 5\/11\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 21\/2\/2025 – 32820<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130PTAL DAVASINI A\u00c7AN: T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcyeleri Engin ALTAY, \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6ZEL, Engin \u00d6ZKO\u00c7 ile birlikte 132 milletvekili.<\/p>\n
\u0130PTAL DAVASININ KONUSU: 25\/1\/2023 tarihli ve (117) numaral\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nin;<\/p>\n
A. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fekil ve esas bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63., 90., 104. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek iptaline,<\/p>\n
B. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn iptali talebinin uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi h\u00e2linde;<\/p>\n
1. 4. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin, <\/p>\n
b. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n, <\/p>\n
2. 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
a. (a) bendinin (5) numaral\u0131 alt bendinin,<\/p>\n
b. (b) bendinin (17) numaral\u0131 alt bendinin,<\/p>\n
3. 7. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35., 46., 63. ve 104. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN CUMHURBA\u015eKANLI\u011eI KARARNAMES\u0130 KURALLARI<\/p>\n
\u0130ptali talep edilen Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi (CBK) \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cULUDA\u011e ALAN BA\u015eKANLI\u011eI HAKKINDA CUMHURBA\u015eKANLI\u011eI KARARNAMES\u0130<\/p>\n
Kararname Numaras\u0131: 117 <\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
Ama\u00e7 <\/p>\n
MADDE 1- (1) Bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin amac\u0131; 18\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanuna ekli Harita ve Koordinat Listesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirtilen Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer korunan alanlar\u0131 ile birlikte jeolojik ve biyolojik varl\u0131klar, su ve benzeri kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, planlanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netilmesi ve denetlenmesi ile Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen faaliyetlerin d\u00fczenlenmesini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ile g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini d\u00fczenlemektir. <\/p>\n
Tan\u0131mlar <\/p>\n
MADDE 2- (1) Bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinde ge\u00e7en; <\/p>\n
a) Bakan: K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakan\u0131n\u0131, <\/p>\n
b) Bakanl\u0131k: K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, <\/p>\n
c) Ba\u015fkan: Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131, <\/p>\n
\u00e7) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k: Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, <\/p>\n
d) Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu: Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k etmek ve tavsiyelerde bulunmak \u00fczere kurulan kurulu, <\/p>\n
e) Ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131: Uluda\u011f Alan planlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girinceye kadar uyulacak esaslar\u0131, <\/p>\n
f) Komisyon: Uluda\u011f Alan Komisyonunu, <\/p>\n
g) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131: 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna ekli Harita ve Koordinat Listesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirtilen ve bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi kapsam\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkili ve g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu alan\u0131, <\/p>\n
\u011f) Uluda\u011f Alan planlar\u0131: 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanan, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, y\u00f6netimi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi, b\u00f6lgede yer alan konaklama ile k\u0131\u015f ve da\u011f turizmi tesislerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, iyile\u015ftirilmesi, yenilenmesi ve geli\u015ftirilmesi, ula\u015f\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri ve altyap\u0131 tesislerinin tasar\u0131m esaslar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi konular\u0131nda hedefleri, stratejileri ve kararlar\u0131 belirleyen her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki planlar\u0131, <\/p>\n
ifade eder.<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Te\u015fkilat\u0131<\/p>\n
Kurulu\u015f <\/p>\n
MADDE 3- (1) 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinde verilen g\u00f6revleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere, kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fini haiz, \u00f6zel b\u00fct\u00e7eli, Bakanl\u0131k ile ilgili ve merkezi Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri <\/p>\n
MADDE 4- (1) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a) 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler kapsam\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
b) Bakan taraf\u0131ndan verilen di\u011fer g\u00f6revleri yapmak. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) 1 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinde do\u011fal sitler ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne verilen g\u00f6revler Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilir. <\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k te\u015fkilat\u0131 <\/p>\n
MADDE 5- (1) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k; Ba\u015fkan ve hizmet birimlerinden olu\u015fur. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00fcst y\u00f6neticisi olan Ba\u015fkan, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n genel y\u00f6netim ve temsilinden sorumludur. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) Ba\u015fkan, bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ve di\u011fer mevzuatta kendisine verilen yetki ve g\u00f6revleri Bakana kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olarak kullan\u0131r ve yerine getirir. Ba\u015fkan, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k hizmetlerini mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ama\u00e7 ve politikalar\u0131na, stratejik plana uygun olarak d\u00fczenler ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Bu ama\u00e7la, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k birimlerine gereken emirleri verir, bunlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetir ve sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(4) Ba\u015fkana izin, hastal\u0131k, yurti\u00e7i ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirme ve g\u00f6revde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer h\u00e2llerde \u00f6ncelikle Alan Planlama ve Uygulama Grup Ba\u015fkan\u0131 vek\u00e2let eder. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(5) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmet birimleri \u015funlard\u0131r: a) Alan Planlama ve Uygulama Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. b) Alan Y\u00f6netimi, Altyap\u0131 ve \u0130dari Hizmetler Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. <\/p>\n
Hizmet birimlerinin g\u00f6revleri <\/p>\n
MADDE 6- (1) Hizmet birimlerinin g\u00f6revleri \u015funlard\u0131r: <\/p>\n
a) Alan Planlama ve Uygulama Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131: <\/p>\n
1) Uluda\u011f Alan planlar\u0131n\u0131 Komisyona sunmak \u00fczere haz\u0131rlamak veya ilgili mevzuata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlatmak ve Komisyonca uygun bulunan planlar\u0131 Bakan Oluruna sunmak, meri planlar\u0131n uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 denetlemek. <\/p>\n
2) Uluda\u011f Alan planlar\u0131na esas h\u00e2lihaz\u0131r haritalar\u0131 ve jeolojik\/jeoteknik et\u00fctleri yapmak veya ilgili mevzuata g\u00f6re yapt\u0131rmak. <\/p>\n
3) Ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak Komisyona sunmak. <\/p>\n
4) Komisyonun ve Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulunun sekretarya hizmetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
5) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndaki korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespitini yapmak. <\/p>\n
6) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma, projelendirme ve eylem planlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak ve bunlar\u0131n uygulama esaslar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve izlemek. <\/p>\n
7) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan uygulamalar\u0131n Komisyonca uygun bulunan plan ve projelere uygunlu\u011funu denetlemek.<\/p>\n
8) Ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131 ile meri planlara ve Komisyon kararlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n giderilmesini sa\u011flamak ve ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulamaya konu yap\u0131 ve tesisleri y\u0131kma veya y\u0131kt\u0131rma i\u015flemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
9) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda 21\/7\/1983 tarihli ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanunu kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rma, sondaj, kaz\u0131 ve di\u011fer bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve et\u00fctleri yapmak veya ilgili mevzuata g\u00f6re yapt\u0131rmak. <\/p>\n
10) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda; k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma b\u00f6lge kurulu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine, koruma, uygulama ve denetim b\u00fcrolar\u0131na ve \u00e7evre, \u015fehircilik ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine verilen g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
11) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda bulunan Hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, trampas\u0131, kiraya verilmesi, i\u015fletilmesi, i\u015flettirilmesi, \u00f6n izin verilmesi ve \u00fczerlerinde irtifak hakk\u0131 kurulmas\u0131, Devletin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaki yerlerin kiraya verilmesi, i\u015fletilmesi, i\u015flettirilmesi, \u00f6n izin ve kullanma izni gibi i\u015flemler hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmek. <\/p>\n
12) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc plan, proje ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ili\u015fkin izin taleplerini karara ba\u011flamak ve uygulamalar\u0131 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re denetlemek. <\/p>\n
13) Ba\u015fkan taraf\u0131ndan verilen di\u011fer g\u00f6revleri yapmak. <\/p>\n
b) Alan Y\u00f6netimi, Altyap\u0131 ve \u0130dari Hizmetler Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131: <\/p>\n
1) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yurti\u00e7inde ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131, g\u00f6rsel ve i\u015fitsel eserleri yapmak, yapt\u0131rmak, hizmete sunmak ve fikr\u00ee ve s\u0131nai haklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
2) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131na ili\u015fkin veri \u00fcretmek, \u00f6l\u00e7me, de\u011ferlendirme ve pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapmak, Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a talep edilen bilgi, belge ve raporlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak. <\/p>\n
3) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 i\u00e7indeki turizm faaliyetlerinin planlanmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi ve te\u015fvik edilmesine y\u00f6nelik i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
4) Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak y\u00f6netmelikte belirlenen usul ve esaslar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyette bulunacak turizm i\u015fletmelerinde aranacak nitelikleri belirlemek ve bu faaliyetleri denetlemek. <\/p>\n
5) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek turizm ama\u00e7l\u0131 sportif faaliyetler ile Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015fletmecilik faaliyetlerini yapmak, yapt\u0131rmak, bunlara izin vermek ve bunlar\u0131 denetlemek. <\/p>\n
6) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda i\u015fletilen k\u0131\u015f turizmi ama\u00e7l\u0131 mekanik tesisleri projelendirmek, d\u00fczenlemek ve denetlemek. <\/p>\n
7) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda, planlar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hizmet ve faaliyetler ile koruma, y\u00f6netim, i\u015fletme, tan\u0131t\u0131m, spor, e\u011flenme ve dinlenme hizmetleri i\u00e7in gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc altyap\u0131 ve di\u011fer tesisleri yapmak, yapt\u0131rmak, i\u015fletmek, i\u015flettirmek ve bu i\u015flemleri ilgili belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile koordine h\u00e2linde y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
8) 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 9 uncu maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde yasaklanan fiillerin i\u015flenmesi durumunda verilecek idari para cezalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
9) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tahsisli ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerinde, 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ama\u00e7 ve hedefleri do\u011frultusunda irtifak hakk\u0131 kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
10) 12\/3\/1982 tarihli ve 2634 say\u0131l\u0131 Turizmi Te\u015fvik Kanunu uyar\u0131nca Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a talep edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tahsisinin devrine ili\u015fkin i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
11) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndaki ormanlarda, makilik ve fundal\u0131klarda ve di\u011fer arazi kullanma \u015fekillerinde, koruma ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc faydalanmay\u0131 esas tutan fonksiyonel orman amenajman planlar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesini ve devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak teknik faaliyetler y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
12) Halkla ili\u015fkiler, bas\u0131n ve medya konusundaki i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
13) Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen hizmetlere ili\u015fkin y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131 ve stratejik planlamalar\u0131 yapmak. <\/p>\n
14) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k idari binalar\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc proje ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak veya yapt\u0131rmak. <\/p>\n
15) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k personelinin e\u011fitim ve \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015flemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek. <\/p>\n
16) 10\/12\/2003 tarihli ve 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu Mali Y\u00f6netimi ve Kontrol Kanunu, 22\/12\/2005 tarihli ve 5436 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu Mali Y\u00f6netimi ve Kontrol Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanun ve Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamelerde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun 15 inci maddesi, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri ve di\u011fer mevzuatla strateji geli\u015ftirme ve mali hizmetler birimlerine verilen g\u00f6revleri yapmak. <\/p>\n
17) Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya ili\u015fkin i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri yapmak. <\/p>\n
18) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve faaliyetleri ve idari ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgili mal ve hizmet al\u0131mlar\u0131 ile yap\u0131m i\u015fleri, bak\u0131m, onar\u0131m, sat\u0131n alma, kiralama, ula\u015f\u0131m, g\u00fcvenlik, ayd\u0131nlatma, \u0131s\u0131tma, belge y\u00f6netimi, demirba\u015f, ar\u015fiv, depolama ve sa\u011fl\u0131k giderleri ile ilgili t\u00fcm i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri yapmak. <\/p>\n
19) 26\/9\/2011 tarihli ve 659 say\u0131l\u0131 Genel B\u00fct\u00e7e Kapsam\u0131ndaki Kamu \u0130dareleri ve \u00d6zel B\u00fct\u00e7eli \u0130darelerde Hukuk Hizmetlerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re hukuk birimlerine verilen g\u00f6revleri yapmak. <\/p>\n
20) Ba\u015fkan taraf\u0131ndan verilen di\u011fer g\u00f6revleri yapmak. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k hizmet birimlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usul ve esaslar\u0131 Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM <\/p>\n
Personel<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k personeli <\/p>\n
MADDE 7- (1) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k hizmetleri, 27\/6\/1989 tarihli ve 375 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin ek 28 inci maddesine g\u00f6re i\u015f mevzuat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda istihdam edilen personel eliyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131kta 375 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin ek 25 inci maddesine g\u00f6re ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6revlendirme yap\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) Belli bir uzmanl\u0131k gerektiren i\u015f ve hizmetler 375 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin ek 31 inci maddesine g\u00f6re vek\u00e2let veya istisna s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. <\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131 <\/p>\n
MADDE 8- (1) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na giren konularla ilgili olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve proje gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fturabilir. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde di\u011fer kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r temsilcileri ve konu ile ilgili uzmanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131na d\u00e2hil edilebilir.<\/p>\n
D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00c7e\u015fitli ve Son H\u00fck\u00fcmler <\/p>\n
Uygulanacak ortak h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/p>\n
MADDE 9- (1) Bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinde h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan h\u00e2llerde, 4 say\u0131l\u0131 Bakanl\u0131klara Ba\u011fl\u0131, \u0130lgili, \u0130li\u015fkili Kurum ve Kurulu\u015flar ile Di\u011fer Kurum ve Kurulu\u015flar\u0131n Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin \u201cOrtak H\u00fck\u00fcmler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Ellialt\u0131nc\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. <\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015ftirilen h\u00fck\u00fcm <\/p>\n
MADDE 10- (3 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00dcst Kademe Kamu Y\u00f6neticileri \u0130le Kamu Kurum ve Kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda Atama Us\u00fbllerine Dair Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile ilgili olup yerine i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.) <\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck <\/p>\n
MADDE 11- (1) Bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer. <\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fctme <\/p>\n
MADDE 12- (1) Bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR ve Muhterem \u0130NCE\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 5\/4\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurma talebinin esas inceleme a\u015famas\u0131nda karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131na OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. AYIRMA VE ESASA KAYIT KARARI<\/p>\n
2. 25\/1\/2023 tarihli ve (117) numaral\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nin 7. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n iptallerine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin davan\u0131n E.2023\/66 say\u0131l\u0131 davadan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na, yeni bir esasa kaydedilmesine ve esas incelemenin bu yeni esas say\u0131l\u0131 dosya \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine 5\/11\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
IV. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
3. Dava dilek\u00e7esi ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r \u0130smail Emrah PERDEC\u0130O\u011eLU taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, dava konusu CBK kurallar\u0131, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri okunup incelendikten ve 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca 25\/9\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakan\u0131 Mehmet Nuri ERSOY, Ticaret Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Sezai U\u00c7ARMAK, Ticaret Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Mustafa TUZCU, Ticaret Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u00d6. Volkan A\u011eAR, \u0130\u00e7 Ticaret Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Adem BA\u015eAR, T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 ve Piyasa G\u00f6zetimi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Avni D\u0130LBER, Ticaret Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Risk De\u011ferlendirme Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Vekili Raif CAN, Hukuk Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Vekili Av. Ebubekir AYDO\u011eDU, \u0130\u00e7 Ticaret Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Soner KAYA, \u0130\u00e7 Ticaret Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mehmet KAYI\u015e ile Elmada\u011f Avukatl\u0131k ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k temsilcisi Av. Dr. Ramazan ARIT\u00dcRK\u2019\u00fcn s\u00f6zl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 dinlendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. CBK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015eekil Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
4. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; hukuk devletinde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc resm\u00ee i\u015flemin ve bu kapsamda CBK\u2019lar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eli olmas\u0131n\u0131n hukukun genel ilkelerinden biri oldu\u011fu, CBK \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6znel ve keyf\u00ee davranma riskinin \u00f6nlenebilmesinin, CBK\u2019lar\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yorumlanabilmesinin, CBK\u2019ya dayan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak alt d\u00fczenlemelerin CBK\u2019ya uygunlu\u011funun sa\u011flanabilmesinin ve CBK\u2019lar\u0131n anayasal denetiminin etkinli\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131labilmesinin CBK\u2019lar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eli olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, Anayasa\u2019da CBK\u2019lar\u0131n \u015fekil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan denetimi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte bu denetimin kapsam\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm konulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu kapsam\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilerek CBK\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve \u015fekil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iptaline karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
5. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde CBK\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fekil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de CBK\u2019lara ili\u015fkin \u015fekil kurallar\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. CBK\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fekil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan denetiminin kapsam\u0131 ve ilkeleri, Anayasa Mahkemesinin 13\/12\/2022 tarihli ve E.2022\/98, K.2022\/157 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. An\u0131lan kararda; CBK\u2019lar\u0131n \u015fekil y\u00f6n\u00fcnden denetiminin kapsam\u0131na hangi hususlar\u0131n d\u00e2hil oldu\u011funa, ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle an\u0131lan denetimde CBK\u2019n\u0131n hangi unsurlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden denetlenece\u011fine dair Anayasa\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131k bir h\u00fckme yer verilmemekle birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesinin CBK rejimini d\u00fczenleyen anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden hareketle CBK\u2019n\u0131n maddi olarak varl\u0131k kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli anayasal unsurlar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu tespit etmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine ili\u015fkin konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131karabilir.\u201d bi\u00e7imindeki h\u00fckm\u00fcnden CBK \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisinin bizzat Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na ait ve tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir yetki oldu\u011funun, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla CBK\u2019n\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir mercinin teklif, onay gibi herhangi bir i\u015flemini ya da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmayan, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n asli d\u00fczenleyici nitelikteki bir i\u015flemi oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesine yer verilen kararda CBK\u2019lar\u0131n \u015fekil y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya uygunlu\u011funun denetiminde incelenmesi gereken hususun CBK\u2019n\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2022\/98, K.2022\/157, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7\u00a7 8, 9).<\/p>\n
8. S\u00f6z konusu kararda ayr\u0131ca CBK\u2019lar\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131nda ve denetiminde kural\u0131n getirili\u015f amac\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle gerek\u00e7esinin bilinmesinin \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi, zira bir normun ihdas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an sebeplerin b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenlemeye neden ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funa dair gerek\u00e7elerin bizzat kural koyucunun kendisi taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konulmu\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n o kuralla ilgili anayasall\u0131k denetiminin daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve etkin bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekilmi\u015f; bununla birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesinin CBK\u2019lar\u0131n \u015fekil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019ya uygunlu\u011funu inceleme yetkisinin CBK\u2019lar\u0131n gerek\u00e7elerinin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir denetim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2022\/98, K.2022\/157, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7\u00a7 11, 12).<\/p>\n
9. Dava konusu CBK a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu karardan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir durum bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Dava konusu CBK\u2019n\u0131n, CBK metninin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131, soyad\u0131 ve unvan\u0131 belirtilerek Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Di\u011fer yandan dava dilek\u00e7esinde de s\u00f6z konusu CBK\u2019n\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir iddiaya yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan CBK\u2019n\u0131n maddi olarak varl\u0131k kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekir.<\/p>\n
11. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle CBK\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, \u015fekil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. CBK\u2019lar\u0131n Anayasal \u00c7er\u00e7evesi ve Yarg\u0131sal Denetimi<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa Mahkemesi CBK\u2019lar\u0131n anayasal \u00e7er\u00e7evesini ve yarg\u0131sal denetimine ili\u015fkin ilkeleri daha \u00f6nceki kararlar\u0131nda belirlemi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re CBK\u2019lar\u0131n yarg\u0131sal denetiminde \u00f6ncelikle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci ila d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlelerinde belirtilen konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki kurallar\u0131na uygunlu\u011funun ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmekte olup bu kapsamda d\u00fczenlemenin y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine ili\u015fkin olmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130kinci K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Birinci ve \u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde yer alan temel haklar, ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 ve \u00f6devleriyle D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yer alan siyasi haklar ve \u00f6devlerle ilgili olmamas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ya da kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen konulara ili\u015fkin olmamas\u0131 gerekir. An\u0131lan f\u0131kra y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k tespit edilmemesi durumunda ise bu defa CBK\u2019lar\u0131n i\u00e7erik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetimi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/78, K.2020\/6, 23\/1\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 3-13; E.2019\/31, K.2020\/5, 23\/1\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 3-13; E.2018\/119, K.2020\/25, 11\/06\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 3-13; E.2018\/155, K.2020\/27, 11\/6\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 3-13).<\/p>\n
C. CBK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Esas Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
13. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cMahkemenin, kanunlar\u0131n, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen gerek\u00e7elere dayanma zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur. Mahkeme, taleple ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla ba\u015fka gerek\u00e7eyle de Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131 verebilir.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal davalar\u0131nda ve itiraz ba\u015fvurular\u0131nda yapaca\u011f\u0131 incelemede taleple ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde CBK\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erli olabilecek baz\u0131 gerek\u00e7elere dayan\u0131larak (117) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, ayr\u0131ca konu ve i\u00e7erik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle baz\u0131 madde, f\u0131kra veya c\u00fcmlelerin iptalleri talep edilmi\u015ftir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda CBK kurallar\u0131n\u0131n her birinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcren bir talebe yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re ayr\u0131ca dava konusu edilen kurallar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda CBK, t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmi\u015f; CBK\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen her bir kurala ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla CBK\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ula\u015f\u0131lacak sonucun her bir CBK kural\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lacak inceleme neticesinde verilecek karar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vurgulanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
1. Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p>\n
15. Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer korunan alanlar ile birlikte jeolojik ve biyolojik varl\u0131klar, su ve benzeri kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, planlanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netilmesi ve denetlenmesi ile Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi amac\u0131yla ihdas edilen 18\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun ile Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Uluda\u011f Alan Komisyonuna (Komisyon) ve Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k) birtak\u0131m g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
16. Dava konusu CBK ile Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulu\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri ile te\u015fkilat\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. An\u0131lan CBK\u2019n\u0131n 1. maddesinde CBK\u2019n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n, 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a ekli Harita ve Koordinat Listesi\u2019nde s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirtilen Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer korunan alanlar\u0131 ile birlikte jeolojik ve biyolojik varl\u0131klar, su ve benzeri kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, planlanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netilmesi ve denetlenmesi ile Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen faaliyetlerin d\u00fczenlenmesini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ile g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin d\u00fczenlenmesi oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. Bu do\u011frultuda CBK\u2019n\u0131n 3. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131yla 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve CBK\u2019da verilen g\u00f6revleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fini haiz, \u00f6zel b\u00fct\u00e7eli, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) ile ilgili ve merkezi Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
19. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve CBK\u2019n\u0131n belirtilen h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ve y\u00f6netilmesine d\u00f6n\u00fck i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerin yerine getirilmesinin ayr\u0131 idari te\u015fkilat yap\u0131lar\u0131 olarak \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f Komisyon ve Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ile ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fi, bu do\u011frultuda Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumlulu\u011fun bu kurulu\u015flara verildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. Bu ba\u011flamda CBK\u2019n\u0131n temel konusunun 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimden sorumlu tutulan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin belirlenmesi ile te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla CBK\u2019da yer alan d\u00fczenlemelerin her biri esas itibar\u0131yla idari yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u00f6yle bir sisteme hukuki varl\u0131k ve i\u015fleyi\u015f kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet etmektedir.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
21. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; ekolojik, biyolojik, tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00f6nlerden \u00f6nemi itibar\u0131yla mill\u00ee park stat\u00fcs\u00fcne al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir alanda d\u00fczenlemeler \u00f6ng\u00f6ren CBK\u2019n\u0131n belli ki\u015fi ve gruplara menfaat sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bu alan\u0131n turizm amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck tesis edilen i\u015flemleri iptal eden yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n yok say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Anayasa Mahkemesinin bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda vurgulanan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca bu durumun tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve de\u011ferleri ile \u00e7evrenin ve k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck anayasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile ayn\u0131 konuda d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek CBK\u2019n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63., 90., 104. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
a. CBK\u2019n\u0131n Konu Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Yetki Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
22. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden CBK\u2019n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 56., 63. ve 169. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de CBK\u2019ya ili\u015fkin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki kurallar\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden bu husustaki inceleme an\u0131lan f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. Dava konusu CBK\u2019n\u0131n belirli bir kamu hizmetini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere bir kamu kurumunun kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemeler \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu itibarla y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine ili\u015fkin bir hususu d\u00fczenledi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Amac\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131 itibar\u0131yla CBK, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n CBK ile d\u00fczenlenmesi yasaklanan \u0130kinci K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Birinci ve \u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde yer alan temel haklar, ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 ve \u00f6devleriyle D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yer alan siyasi haklar ve \u00f6devlere y\u00f6nelik de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde Anayasa\u2019da m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda CBK \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa koyucunun bir konunun kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6zel olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesi bu alan\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini istedi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu kapsamda Anayasa bir konunun kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fse bu konuda CBK \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz. Bununla birlikte Anayasa\u2019da CBK\u2019larla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00f6zel olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konulara ili\u015fkin Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izin verdi\u011fi hususlarda CBK\u2019larla d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilir (AYM, E.2019\/105, K.2020\/30, 12\/6\/2020, \u00a7 19).<\/p>\n
26. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201c\u0130dare, kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenir\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen idarenin kanunili\u011fi ilkesi, idarenin ve organlar\u0131n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini gerekli k\u0131lar. Ancak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 123. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin kanunla veya CBK ile kurulaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin CBK ile de kurulmas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izin verilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2019\/38, K.2022\/148, 30\/11\/2022, \u00a7 17).<\/p>\n
27. Di\u011fer yandan Anayasa Mahkemesinin 12\/6\/2020 tarihli ve E.2019\/105, K.2020\/30 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere an\u0131lan f\u0131krada yer alan \u201c\u2026kurulur.\u201d ibaresinin CBK ile kurulan bir kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin CBK ile d\u00fczenlenmesini de i\u00e7erdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zira Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak kayd\u0131yla kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin g\u00f6revleri, yetkileri ve yap\u0131s\u0131 gibi unsurlar\u0131n CBK\u2019yla d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011finin kabul\u00fc, kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin CBK\u2019yla kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan anayasal h\u00fckm\u00fc i\u015flevsiz, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla anlams\u0131z k\u0131labilecektir (AYM, E.2019\/105, K.2020\/30, 12\/6\/2020 \u00a7 45).<\/p>\n
28. Bu itibarla bir kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin kurulmas\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlenmesi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n CBK ile d\u00fczenlenmesini ayr\u0131ca ve \u00f6zel olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konulardan oldu\u011fundan kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fisi niteli\u011findeki Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulu\u015fu ile g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin CBK ile d\u00fczenlenmesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
29. \u00d6te yandan gerek dava konusu CBK gerekse 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, alan ile ilgili d\u00fczenlemeler \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Ancak CBK\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fczenleme konusu alandaki i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle g\u00f6revli ve yetkili idare olarak olu\u015fturulan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulu\u015f ve i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkindir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Kanun, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer korunan alanlarla birlikte jeolojik ve biyolojik varl\u0131klar, su ve benzeri kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131na, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131na, geli\u015ftirilmesine, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na, planlanmas\u0131na, y\u00f6netilmesine ve denetlenmesine ayr\u0131ca Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n d\u00fczenlemesine ili\u015fkindir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dava konusu CBK ile s\u00f6z konusu Kanun\u2019un d\u00fczenleme konular\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 alanda h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmedikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla dava konusu CBK, kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen bir konuya ili\u015fkin de\u011fildir (Benzer y\u00f6nde de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2019\/87, K.2022\/158, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7 27).<\/p>\n
30. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle CBK\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
b. CBK\u2019n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7erik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
31. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devleti; insan haklar\u0131na dayanan, bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, eylem ve i\u015flemleri hukuka uygun olan, her alanda adaletli bir hukuk d\u00fczeni kurup bunu geli\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 durum ve tutumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nan, hukuku t\u00fcm devlet organlar\u0131na egemen k\u0131lan, Anayasa ve yasalarla kendini ba\u011fl\u0131 sayan, yarg\u0131 denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k olan devlettir.<\/p>\n
32. Hukuk devletinde kanunlar\u0131n ve CBK\u2019lar\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Kanunlar\u0131n ve CBK\u2019lar\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131, genel, objektif, adil kurallar i\u00e7ermesi ve hakkaniyet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini g\u00f6zetmesi hukuk devleti olman\u0131n gere\u011fidir. Bu nedenle kanun koyucunun ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n hukuki d\u00fczenlemelerde kendisine tan\u0131nan takdir yetkisini anayasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde adalet, hakkaniyet ve kamu yarar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak kullanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
33. Dava konusu CBK\u2019n\u0131n 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131 bulunan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulu\u015f ve te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ile g\u00f6revlerinin belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla ihdas edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. CBK\u2019n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar g\u00f6zetilerek veya belirli ki\u015filer lehine getirildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabilecek bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
34. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle CBK, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
CBK\u2019n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 90. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. CBK\u2019n\u0131n 4. Maddesinin (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendi ile (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
35. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu kurallardan (a) bendinin 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f konulara ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu; (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131krayla ise do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ait bir yetki iken kurallarla Uluda\u011f Mill\u00ee Park\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde kalan do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu yetkinin hen\u00fcz uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve liyakati ispatlanmam\u0131\u015f Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k personeline devredildi\u011fi, bu durumun s\u00f6z konusu alanlar\u0131n turizm rant\u0131na ve yap\u0131la\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na, bu alandaki canl\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tahrip edilmesine sebep olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 63. ve 104. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
a. (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kran\u0131n (a) Bendi <\/p>\n
i. Kural\u0131n Konu Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Yetki Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
36. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde, konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 63. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de CBK\u2019ya ili\u015fkin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki kurallar\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden bu husustaki inceleme an\u0131lan f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
37. Dava konusu kural, 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler kapsam\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinden biri olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
38. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 9., 10. ve ge\u00e7ici 1. maddelerinde Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda uygulanacak i\u015f ve i\u015flemler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede an\u0131lan Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilmi\u015f g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler ba\u011flam\u0131nda i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6revi olarak d\u00fczenleyen kural\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine ili\u015fkin konulardan oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
39. Kural, 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler kapsam\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f ve i\u015flemin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekten ibaret olup Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesindeki hak ve \u00f6devlere ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermemektedir.<\/p>\n
40. (117) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 3. maddesiyle kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fini haiz olarak kurulan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileriyle ilgili d\u00fczenlemelerin de CBK ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu ba\u011flamda kural\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir konuya ili\u015fkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkisine y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemenin kanunla yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
41. Kuralla ayn\u0131 alanda h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eden, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya esas olabilecek nitelikte, kanunla yap\u0131lan herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme tespit edilememi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen bir konuya ili\u015fkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
42. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
ii. Kural\u0131n \u0130\u00e7erik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
43. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
44. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan biri belirlilik ilkesidir. Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re an\u0131lan ilke, yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n
45. Anayasa Mahkemesinin bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda belirlilik ilkesinin yaln\u0131zca yasal belirlili\u011fi de\u011fil daha geni\u015f anlamda hukuki belirlili\u011fi ifade etti\u011fi, yasal d\u00fczenlemeye dayanarak eri\u015filebilir, bilinebilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olma gibi niteliklere ili\u015fkin gereklilikleri kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla mahkeme i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemleri ile de hukuki belirlili\u011fin sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi, as\u0131l olan\u0131n muhtemel muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n mevcut \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda belirli bir i\u015flemin ne t\u00fcr sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmelerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacak bir normun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/94, K.2022\/32, 24\/3\/2022, \u00a7 139). An\u0131lan ilkenin y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin asli d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemi niteli\u011finde olan CBK\u2019lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funda \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/96, K.2022\/17, 24\/2\/2022, \u00a7 47; E.2018\/133, K.2021\/79, \u00a7 52).<\/p>\n
46. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 9., 10. ve ge\u00e7ici 1. maddelerinde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerine yer verilerek bu husustaki temel \u00e7er\u00e7evenin kanunla belirlendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri kapsam\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f ve i\u015flemin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00e7a y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131n belirsiz oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
47. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
b. (2) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kra<\/p>\n
48. Dava konusu kuralla, 10\/7\/2018 tarihli ve 30474 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan (1) numaral\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nde do\u011fal sitler ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne verilen g\u00f6revlerin Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmektedir.<\/p>\n
49. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\/Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve parayla de\u011ferlendirilebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
50. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiye ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve tasarruf etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda malikin m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkilerinden herhangi birinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 veya m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n
51. Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6revleri (1) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 109. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde, tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespit, tescil, onay, de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve ilan\u0131na dair usul ve esaslar\u0131 belirlemek ve bu alanlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit ve tescil etmek, y\u00f6netmek ve y\u00f6netilmesini sa\u011flamak; (c) bendinde do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ve yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ilke kararlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00e7evre d\u00fczeni, naz\u0131m ve uygulama imar planlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak, yapt\u0131rmak, de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, onaylamak, uygulamak veya uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak; (\u00e7) bendinde, tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fc bulunan di\u011fer alanlar\u0131n \u00e7ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde koruma ve kullanma esaslar\u0131n\u0131 ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak belirlemek ve bu alanlar\u0131n k\u0131smen veya tamamen hangi idarelerce y\u00f6netilece\u011fine karar vermek, her t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki \u00e7evre d\u00fczeni, naz\u0131m ve uygulama imar planlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak, yapt\u0131rmak ve onaylamak; (d) bendinde, orman alanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer alan korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenen ilke kararlar\u0131na, onaylanan planlara uygun olarak kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere tahsisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek, uygulamalar\u0131n tahsis \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini izlemek ve denetlemek; (e) bendinde, tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak h\u00e2lihaz\u0131r haritalar\u0131 ald\u0131rmak, gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen projeleri yapmak, yapt\u0131rmak ve onaylamak, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme yapmak, yapt\u0131rmak, izlemek, e\u011fitim ve bilin\u00e7lendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek, kullan\u0131m yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen alanlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rma veya benzer yollarla kamunun eline ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flamak, kontrol ve denetim yapmak, gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen alanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve kirlili\u011fin \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak veya ilgili idarelerin yat\u0131r\u0131m projelerini desteklemek, bu alan ve b\u00f6lgelerde devletin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tasarrufu alt\u0131ndaki yerlere ili\u015fkin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tasarrufta bulunmak, i\u015fletmek, i\u015flettirmek ve kullan\u0131m izinlerini vermek, korunan alanlara ili\u015fkin insan ve finansman kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamak, an\u0131lan Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6revlerin genel itibar\u0131yla tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ile ilgili tespit, tescil, y\u00f6netim, planlama gibi g\u00f6revler oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
52. Kuralla tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne verilen g\u00f6revlerin Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Uluda\u011f alan\u0131ndaki tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131yla ve do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131yla ilgili olarak tespit, tescil, onay, de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve ilana dair usul ve esaslar\u0131 belirlemek ve bu alanlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit ve tescil etmek, y\u00f6netmek ve y\u00f6netilmesini sa\u011flamak; do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kullanma ve yap\u0131la\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik ilke kararlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek gibi an\u0131lan mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerindeki g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri kullanabilecektir.<\/p>\n
53. Anayasa Mahkemesinin \u00f6nceki kararlar\u0131nda ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere korunmas\u0131 gereken ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespitine, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na, bu alandaki yap\u0131la\u015fmaya, naz\u0131m ve uygulama imar planlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin meseleler ile bunlar\u0131n ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r (Pek \u00e7ok karar aras\u0131ndan bkz. AYM, E.2019\/87, K.2022\/158, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7 37).<\/p>\n
54. Buna g\u00f6re Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131ndaki tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131, sit alanlar\u0131 ile bunlar \u00fczerindeki yap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunma imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren kural dayanak al\u0131narak bu yerlerde al\u0131nacak muhtemel kararlar\u0131n ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyebilece\u011fi hususunda teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu yerlerde yap\u0131lacak i\u015f ve i\u015flemler, ki\u015filerin maliki bulunduklar\u0131 arsa, arazi ve yap\u0131lar \u00fczerindeki kullan\u0131m ve tasarruf bi\u00e7imlerini k\u0131smen veya tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirme, yeniden d\u00fczenleme veya sona erdirme gibi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil edecek etkilere sahip olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
55. Bu itibarla kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130kinci K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yer alan ki\u015fi hak ve \u00f6devlerinden m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7erdi\u011finden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesi uyar\u0131nca CBK ile d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasak alanda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
56. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden kural\u0131n ayr\u0131ca konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayn\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmleleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural, konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden i\u00e7erik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D. CBK\u2019n\u0131n 6. Maddesinin (1) Numaral\u0131 F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) Bendinin (5) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bendinin ve (b) Bendinin (17) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bendinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
1. (a) Bendinin (5) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bendi<\/p>\n
a. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi <\/p>\n
57. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131yla do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tescili, s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve yeniden de\u011ferlendirmesine ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131 alma yetkisinin Komisyona verildi\u011fi, bu durumda do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Alan Planlama ve Uygulama Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yetkili k\u0131lan dava konusu kural\u0131n kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen konulara ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme yetkisinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu konuda CBK ile d\u00fczenlenme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, konunun m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35., 63. ve 104. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu <\/p>\n
58. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 63. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de CBK\u2019ya ili\u015fkin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki kurallar\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden bu husustaki inceleme an\u0131lan f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
59. Dava konusu kural, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespitinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmet birimlerinden olan Alan Planlama ve Uygulama Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
60. (117) numaral\u0131 CBK\u2019n\u0131n 4. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetimi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
61. Buna g\u00f6re Uluda\u011f alan\u0131nda korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespitinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Alan Planlama ve Uygulama Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7erdi\u011finden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesi uyar\u0131nca CBK ile d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasak alanda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
62. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden kural\u0131n ayr\u0131ca konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayn\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmleleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden i\u00e7erik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. (b) Bendinin (17) Numaral\u0131 Alt Bendi <\/p>\n
a. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
63. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (15) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma yetkisi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan yerlerdeki ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filere ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tesislerin, onayl\u0131 uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
64. Dava konusu kural, CBK\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesinde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmet birimi olarak ihdas edilmi\u015f olan Alan Y\u00f6netimi, Altyap\u0131 ve \u0130dari Hizmetler Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya ili\u015fkin i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri yapma yetkisi tan\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130ptal Talebinin Gerek\u00e7esi <\/p>\n
65. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yetkisine ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35., 46. ve 104. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
c. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
i. Kural\u0131n Konu Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Yetki Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130ncelenmesi <\/p>\n
66. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de CBK\u2019ya ili\u015fkin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki kurallar\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden bu husustaki inceleme an\u0131lan f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n
67. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verilen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma yetkisine ili\u015fkin i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden sorumlu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k biriminin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenleme \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
68. 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (15) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131yla Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa, Uluda\u011f alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda gerekli olmas\u0131 durumunda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma yetkisi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, s\u00f6z konusu f\u0131krada bu yetkinin hangi ba\u011flamda verildi\u011fi ve yetkinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda hangi usul\u00fcn izlenece\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yetkisinin ve bu yetkinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na dair esaslar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
69. Kural ise an\u0131lan kanuni d\u00fczenleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa tan\u0131nan ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma yetkisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda gerekli i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye yetkili hizmet birimini belirlemektedir. Bu itibarla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesindeki hak ve \u00f6devlere ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermemektedir (bu y\u00f6nde bkz. AYM, E.2019\/87, K.2022\/158, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7\u00a7 96-102).<\/p>\n
70. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul ve esaslar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermeyen kural\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir konuya ili\u015fkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
71. Kuralla ayn\u0131 alanda h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya esas olabilecek nitelikte, kanunla yap\u0131lan herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme tespit edilememi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla kural kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen bir konuya ili\u015fkin de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
72. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 104. maddesinin on yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
ii. Kural\u0131n \u0130\u00e7erik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130ncelenmesi<\/p>\n
73. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
74. Dava konusu kuralla Alan Y\u00f6netimi, Altyap\u0131 ve \u0130dari Hizmetler Grup Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na verilen i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri yapma yetkisinin mahiyetine, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7er\u00e7evenin 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinin (15) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konuldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kural\u0131n hukuki belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkelerini zedeleyen bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r (benzer y\u00f6nde de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2019\/87, K.2022\/158, 13\/12\/2022, \u00a7\u00a7 109, 110).<\/p>\n
75. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptal talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
V. Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN DURDURULMASI TALEB\u0130<\/p>\n
76. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; dava konusu CBK\u2019n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde telafisi g\u00fc\u00e7 veya imk\u00e2ns\u0131z zararlar do\u011fabilece\u011fi belirtilerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
25\/1\/2023 tarihli ve (117) numaral\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nin;<\/p>\n
A. 1. 4. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na,<\/p>\n
2. 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin (5) numaral\u0131 alt bendine,<\/p>\n
y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 taleplerinin, ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. 1. T\u00fcm\u00fcne,<\/p>\n
2. 4. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendine,<\/p>\n
3. 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin (17) numaral\u0131 alt bendine,<\/p>\n
y\u00f6nelik iptal talepleri 5\/11\/2024 tarihli ve E.2023\/66, K.2024\/185 say\u0131l\u0131 kararla reddedildi\u011finden Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nin t\u00fcm\u00fcne, bu bende ve alt bende ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durdurulmas\u0131 taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
5\/11\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM <\/p>\n
25\/1\/2023 tarihli ve (117) numaral\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nin;<\/p>\n
A. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fekil ve esas bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. 1. 4. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
a. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibar\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
b. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
2. 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
a. (a) bendinin (5) numaral\u0131 alt bendinin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
b. (b) bendinin (17) numaral\u0131 alt bendinin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibar\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve iptal talebinin REDD\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
5\/11\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI OY<\/p>\n
Say\u0131n Mahkemece \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f uyar\u0131nca 117 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin baz\u0131 maddelerinin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve iptaline karar verilmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtti\u011fim gerek\u00e7eler ile s\u00f6z konusu Kararnamenin 4. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 ve 6.maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n a\/5 bendinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatinde oldu\u011fumdan Say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun iptal y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
Kararname ile 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve 117 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinde verilen g\u00f6revleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere, kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fini haiz, \u00f6zel b\u00fct\u00e7eli, Bakanl\u0131k ile ilgili ve merkezi Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. Kararnamenin 4. maddesinde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6revleri say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, s\u00f6z konusu maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda 1 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinde do\u011fal sitler ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne verilen g\u00f6revlerin Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131nda Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Kararnamenin 6. maddesinde hizmet birimlerinin g\u00f6revleri belirtilmi\u015ftir. 6.maddenin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n a\/5 bendinde, Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndaki korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespitini yapmak, hizmet birimlerinin g\u00f6revi olarak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasan\u0131n 104. maddesinin 17. f\u0131kras\u0131nda, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine ili\u015fkin konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fi belirtildikten sonra, kararname \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayacak alanlar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da olmak \u00fczere belirtilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re, Anayasan\u0131n ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n birinci ve ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde yer alan temel haklar, ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 ve \u00f6devleriyle d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan siyasi haklar ve \u00f6devler Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fi gibi Anayasada m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz. Yine, Kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda Anayasan\u0131n 104. , 105. ve 106. maddelerinde 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonras\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet sistemine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olup, bizzat Anayasa taraf\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na asli bir yetki tan\u0131narak Kararname \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir. Anayasan\u0131n kabul etti\u011fi bu d\u00fczenleyici kural koyma yetkisinin Anayasan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok maddesi ile \u00e7eli\u015fmesi ya da yorum ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131 halinde, kural olarak Anayasan\u0131n bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re \u00f6nceli\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilecektir. \u00c7eli\u015fkinin giderilmesi i\u00e7in yorum yap\u0131l\u0131rken, sonradan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan Anayasal d\u00fczenlemelerin ama\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yine, istisnai bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7eren h\u00fckm\u00fcn dar yorumlanmas\u0131 teoride ve uygulamada genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir yorum ilkesi oldu\u011fundan Anayasan\u0131n 104. maddesinin 17. f\u0131kras\u0131nda Kararname ile d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fi belirtilen \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken konular\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin dar yorumlanmas\u0131 zorunludur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Anayasan\u0131n 104. maddesinin 17. f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201ckanunla d\u00fczenlenen\u201d de\u011fil \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken konular\u201d ifadesi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Anayasan\u0131n di\u011fer maddelerinde kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilen hususlar\u0131n art\u0131k Kararname ile d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fi gibi bir yorum yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Anayasan\u0131n 106. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cBakanl\u0131klar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6revleri ve yetkileri, te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131 ile merkez ve ta\u015fra te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle d\u00fczenlenir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Anayasan\u0131n 123. maddesinde ise, \u201c\u0130dare, kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenir. \u0130darenin kurulu\u015f ve g\u00f6revleri, merkezden y\u00f6netim ve yerinden y\u00f6netim esaslar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Kamu t\u00fczelki\u015fili\u011fi, kanunla veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle kurulur\u201d. 21\/1\/2017 tarihli ve 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 16. maddesiyle, Anayasan\u0131n 123. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cancak kanunla veya kanunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a verdi\u011fi yetkiye dayan\u0131larak\u201d ibaresi \u201ckanunla veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na Kararname \u00e7\u0131kararak Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ve te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k ve m\u00fcnhas\u0131r bir yetki verilmi\u015f olup, Anayasan\u0131n 123. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki sadece kanunla kurulabilen kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin yine Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile de kurulabilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde iptal talebi de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, Say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan, iptali talep edilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirebilece\u011fi, bu nedenle Anayasan\u0131n 104. maddesinin 17. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca kararname ile d\u00fczenlenemeyen yasak alan i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, mutlaka kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilerek h\u00fck\u00fcm iptal edilmi\u015fse de 117 say\u0131l\u0131 Kararnamenin 4. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 ve 6. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n a\/5 bendi daha \u00f6nce (1) say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, herhangi bir kanuni d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermeyen konulara ili\u015fkindir. Kararname ile d\u00fczenlenmeyecek konular, sadece kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken hususlara ili\u015fkin de\u011fil, m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken hususlara ili\u015fkin olmal\u0131 ya da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunda bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Oysa somut olayda 1 nolu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin 109. maddesinde Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne verilen g\u00f6revlerin Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yani, mevcut bir kanuni d\u00fczenleme de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemekte, daha \u00f6nce 1 say\u0131l\u0131 Kararname ile bir Kuruma verilmi\u015f g\u00f6rev, 117 say\u0131l\u0131 Kararname ile Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kald\u0131 ki, 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun 1. maddesinde, Kanunun amac\u0131n\u0131n; do\u011fal ve turistik de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahip Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer korunan alanlar ile birlikte jeolojik ve biyolojik varl\u0131klar, su ve benzeri kaynak de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, planlanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netilmesi ve denetlenmesi ile Alanda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek oldu\u011fu belirtildikten sonra, ayn\u0131 Kanunun 3. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131ndaki 21\/7\/1983 tarihli ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununda belirtilen korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lacak her t\u00fcr plan, proje, uygulama, i\u015f ve i\u015flemler, Komisyon kararlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. 117 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a at\u0131f yapmam\u0131\u015f, yani Kanun ile komisyona verilen g\u00f6revleri Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na devretmemi\u015f, sadece 1 say\u0131l\u0131 Kararnamenin 109. maddesinde Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne verilen g\u00f6revlerin Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca yerine getirilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re, 117 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin 4. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 ve 6. maddesinin a\/5 bendinde yer verilen konular daha \u00f6nce kanuni d\u00fczenlemeye konu olmam\u0131\u015f, kanuni d\u00fczenlemeyi de\u011fi\u015ftiren veya yetki devir i\u00e7eren h\u00fck\u00fcmler de\u011fildir. 1 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinde Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne verilen baz\u0131 g\u00f6revlerin Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ve yine baz\u0131 g\u00f6revlerin de hizmet birimlerine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fundan, Anayasan\u0131n 104. maddesinin 17. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, Kararname \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilen konular\u0131n Kararname ile d\u00fczenlenmesi mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen bir konuda da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu nedenlerle 117 Say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin 4. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 ve 6. maddesinin a\/5 bendi Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, s\u00f6z konusu maddelerin iptali y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 5\/11\/2024 tarihli, 2023\/66 esas – 2024\/185 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2023\/66 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/185 Karar Tarihi : 5\/11\/2024 R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 21\/2\/2025 – 32820 \u00a0 \u0130PTAL DAVASINI A\u00c7AN: T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00fcyeleri Engin ALTAY, \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6ZEL, Engin \u00d6ZKO\u00c7 ile birlikte 132 milletvekili. \u0130PTAL DAVASININ KONUSU: 25\/1\/2023 tarihli ve (117) numaral\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nin; A. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fekil ve esas bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 56., 63., 90., 104. ve 169. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek iptaline, B. T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn iptali talebinin uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi h\u00e2linde; 1. 4. maddesinin; a. (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin, b. (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n, 2. 6. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n; a. (a) bendinin (5) numaral\u0131 alt bendinin, b. (b) bendinin (17) numaral\u0131 alt bendinin, 3. 7. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35., 46., 63. ve 104. ve 128. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin durdurulmas\u0131na, karar verilmesi talebidir. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN CUMHURBA\u015eKANLI\u011eI KARARNAMES\u0130 KURALLARI \u0130ptali talep edilen Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi (CBK) \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u00a0\u201cULUDA\u011e ALAN BA\u015eKANLI\u011eI HAKKINDA CUMHURBA\u015eKANLI\u011eI KARARNAMES\u0130 Kararname Numaras\u0131: 117 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Ama\u00e7 MADDE 1- (1) Bu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin amac\u0131; 18\/1\/2023 tarihli ve 7432 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanuna ekli Harita ve Koordinat Listesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirtilen Uluda\u011f Alan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n