T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
AL\u0130 G\u00dcND\u00dcZ BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/61126)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 28\/11\/2024<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
H\u00fcseyin Ozan ADIYAMAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Ali G\u00dcND\u00dcZ<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m ve yorumdan dolay\u0131 adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. T\u00fcrkiye’de mahalli idarelerin karar organlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in 31\/3\/2019 tarihinde yerel se\u00e7imler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminde Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisinin (AK Parti) aday\u0131 B.Y. ile Cumhuriyet Halk Partisinin aday\u0131 E.\u0130. \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulunun (YSK) a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re bu se\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lan ge\u00e7erli oylar\u0131n %48,8’ini E.\u0130., %48,6’s\u0131n\u0131 ise B.Y. alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplam 8.865.072 ki\u015finin oy kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imde E.\u0130. rakibinden 13.629 fazla oy alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. AK Parti 16\/4\/2019 tarihinde \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminin iptali i\u00e7in YSK’ya ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. 17\/4\/2019 tarihinde ise \u0130stanbul \u0130l Se\u00e7im Kurulu, g\u00f6reve se\u00e7ildi\u011fine dair mazbatay\u0131 E.\u0130.ye vermi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte YSK 6\/5\/2019 tarihinde \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminin iptal edilmesine ve 23\/6\/2019 tarihinde yenilenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. Se\u00e7imin iptal edilmesi kamuoyunda uzun s\u00fcre tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7imin yenilenmesi karar\u0131yla birlikte \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imi medyan\u0131n g\u00fcndemine yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve yenilenen se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lan\u0131ncaya kadar g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
4. Siyaset bilimci s\u0131fat\u0131yla baz\u0131 televizyon kanallar\u0131nda yorumlar yapan \u00d6.T., yenilenen se\u00e7imin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce 22\/6\/2019 tarihinde Twitter hesab\u0131ndan “Kesin bir bilgi vereyim size; \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc karde\u015flerimizin en az % 90’\u0131 [B.Y.ye] oy vermeyecek, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 [E.\u0130.ye] oy verecek, \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise ya sand\u0131\u011fa gitmeyecek ya da bo\u015f atacak ama [B.Y.ye] oy vermeyecek, AK Parti pirince giderken bulgurdan oldu.” i\u00e7erikli bir payla\u015f\u0131mda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
5. Kendisini devlete ve mill\u00ee de\u011ferlere ba\u011fl\u0131 bir gazeteci, yazar ve \u015fair olarak tan\u0131tan ba\u015fvurucu da \u00d6.T.nin iletisine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak “\u00d6. [T.] gibi aptal insanlar\u0131 takip etmeyin l\u00fctfen sinirim bozuluyor.” \u015feklinde bir ileti payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucunun payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile kendisine hakaret etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren \u00d6.T. Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k) hitaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 25\/11\/2019 tarihli dilek\u00e7eyle \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6.T. \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esinde kendisini yazar ve ulusal yay\u0131n yapan televizyon kanallar\u0131nda programlara kat\u0131lan siyasi bir yorumcu olarak tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ek olarak \u00d6.T. 22\/6\/2019 tarihli iletisine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun ihtilafl\u0131 iletiyi payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131kta tespit edilen savunmas\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucu, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kendisinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fc\u015ftekiye hakaret etme kast\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ele\u015ftiri amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011finden bahisle haz\u0131rlanan iddianame kapsam\u0131nda Ankara 11. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinde (Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi) yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi, hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fini kabul etti\u011fi ba\u015fvurucunun 1.780 TL adli para cezas\u0131 ile mahk\u00fbmiyetine kesin olarak karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi gerek\u00e7esinde, sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fteki hakk\u0131nda oldu\u011funun sabit oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f; hakaret su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla olu\u015ftu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“San\u0131k soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda; su\u00e7a konu yorumu kendisinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kolluk ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda su\u00e7a konu tweeter hesab\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece iddia, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ikrara dayanan savunmas\u0131, dosya kapsam\u0131nda bulunan internet \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131, kolluk ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re olay tarihinde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n bir tweetinin alt\u0131na ismini de kullanarak ‘\u00d6.[T.] gibi aptal insanlar\u0131 takip etmeyin l\u00fctfen sinirim bozuluyor’ \u015feklinde yorum yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f…[t\u0131r.]”<\/p>\n
9. Mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 17\/11\/2021 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun huzurunda verilmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n ba\u015fvuruya tebli\u011f edildi\u011fine dair bir tespit yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurucu 22\/12\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvurucu, on d\u00f6rt kitab\u0131 olan yazar, gazeteci ve \u015fair oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f; bu kapsamda Twitter hesab\u0131ndan payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 iletinin ele\u015ftiri hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 davada \u00d6.T.nin Twitter payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kendisine verilmedi\u011fini, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n kesin olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir \u00fcst mahkemeye itiraz etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvuru, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
13. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 125. maddesinin kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f, m\u00fcdahalenin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belirlemenin ard\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygunluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelenecektir.<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde korunan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan orant\u0131l\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale olmas\u0131 gerekir (Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 53-55; Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131n [GK], B. No: 2013\/9343, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 70-72). Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru amac\u0131 olan m\u00fc\u015ftekinin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan bu haklar aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131labilecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler genel olarak \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
i. \u0130fadeleri kimin dile getirdi\u011fi (Nihat Zeybekci, B. No: 2015\/5633, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 29; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, B. No: 2014\/1577, 25\/10\/2017, \u00a7 59)<\/p>\n
ii. Hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu, \u00fcnl\u00fcl\u00fck \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yan\u0131nda katlanmas\u0131 gereken bir ele\u015ftirinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n sade bir vatanda\u015fa g\u00f6re daha geni\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kamusal yetki kullanan bir g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 82; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 45; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; Ali Suat Ertosun (7), B. No: 2014\/1416, 15\/10\/2015, \u00a7 36; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2018\/17635, 26\/7\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 128, 129; hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin siyaset\u00e7i olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 66, 67; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2) [GK], B. No: 2013\/8503, 27\/10\/2015, \u00a7 56; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 59-61)<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130fadelerin genel yarara ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamu ile di\u011fer ki\u015filerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 69; \u00c7etin Do\u011fan (2) [GK], B. No: 2014\/3494, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 62; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 56; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 66-73; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 32)<\/p>\n
iv. Kamuyu bilgilendirme de\u011feri, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve konunun g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130brahim Okur (2), B. No: 2018\/12363, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 28; Seray \u015eahiner \u00d6zkan, B. No: 2016\/6439, 9\/6\/2021, \u00a7 44)<\/p>\n
v. M\u00fc\u015ftekinin kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme imk\u00e2n\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131(Temel Co\u015fkun, B. No: 2017\/1632, 29\/1\/2020, \u00a7 33; \u015eaban Sevin\u00e7 (2), B. No: 2016\/36777, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 42; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 39)<\/p>\n
vi. \u0130fadelerin hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi (Ali Suat Ertosun (2), B. No: 2013\/1592, 20\/5\/2015, \u00a7 33; H\u00fcseyin Kocab\u0131y\u0131k, B. No: 2020\/15593, 22\/11\/2022, \u00a7 24)<\/p>\n
vii. Cezaland\u0131rmaya konu edilen ifadelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flamdan kopar\u0131l\u0131p kopar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 52; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 62, 63; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, B. No: 2014\/6009, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 45, Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 36)<\/p>\n
viii. Ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalma endi\u015fesinin kendisi \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yarat\u0131p yaratmayaca\u011f\u0131 (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 79; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, B. No: 2014\/12482, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 46)<\/p>\n
ix. Dava konusu s\u00f6ylemlerin maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 veya de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyece\u011fi (Deniz Karadeniz ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2014\/18001, 6\/2\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 48, 49; Durmu\u015f Fikri Sa\u011flar (2) [GK], B. No: 2017\/29735, 17\/3\/2021, \u00a7 50)<\/p>\n
15. Bu kapsamda somut olayda ba\u015fvuru konusu ifadelerin ba\u011flam\u0131, hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kimli\u011fi, derece mahkemelerinin bu konuda ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e sunup sunmad\u0131klar\u0131 hususlar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa Mahkemesi maddi olgular ile de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dikkatli bir ayr\u0131ma gidilmesi, maddi olgular ispatlanabilse de de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ispatlaman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 64).<\/p>\n
17. Ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmada ba\u015fvurucu, ihtilaf konusu “\u00d6.[T.] gibi aptal insanlar\u0131 takip etmeyin l\u00fctfen, sinirim bozuluyor.” \u015feklindeki iletiyi m\u00fc\u015ftekiyi ele\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan iletinin \u00d6.T.nin bir de\u011ferlendirmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, iletide ge\u00e7en “…takip etmeyin…” ifadesi ve ba\u015fvurucunun savunmas\u0131ndaki ele\u015ftiri vurgusu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun esasen m\u00fc\u015ftekiyi de\u011fil m\u00fc\u015ftekinin payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 iletideki bilgi, yorum ve de\u011ferlendirmeleri hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7i, hararetli bir se\u00e7im ortam\u0131nda adaylar\u0131n birbirlerine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bir s\u0131rada son derece iddial\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Kesin nitelikteki bilgiye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan m\u00fc\u015fteki, kamuoyunda Milliyet\u00e7i Hareket Partisinin (MHP) taban\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilen \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc gruplar\u0131n MHP’nin destekledi\u011fi aday yerine sol g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc bir partinin aday\u0131na oy vereceklerini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M\u00fc\u015ftekinin bahse konu iletiyle belirli bir grup se\u00e7meni se\u00e7ime kat\u0131lmama ya da belli bir adaya oy verme konusunda ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k aktar\u0131lan bilginin akla yatk\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ba\u015fvurucu, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin de\u011ferlendirmelerinin do\u011fru ve tutarl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek i\u00e7in “aptal” kelimesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ate\u015fli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eki\u015fmeli bir se\u00e7im atmosferinde belirli bir ba\u011flamda kullan\u0131lan ihtilafl\u0131 ifadeyi, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin iletisindeki anlat\u0131n\u0131n makul olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sert bir ifadesi olarak kabul etmek gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zlerin keyf\u00ee bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu kabul etmek i\u00e7in sebep bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa Mahkemesi ihtilafl\u0131 iletide ge\u00e7en “\u00d6. [T.] gibi aptal insanlar” \u015feklindeki ifadenin rahats\u0131z edici, kaba ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu kabul etmektedir. Bununla birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesi pek \u00e7ok karar\u0131nda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir dereceye kadar abart\u0131ya ve hatta k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya izin verecek \u015fekilde geni\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de ifade etmi\u015ftir (Ali Suat Ertosun, B. No: 2013\/1047, 15\/4\/2015, \u00a7 66; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 102). Ayr\u0131ca her kaba ve k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn bir c\u00fcr\u00fcm olu\u015fturdu\u011funun kabul edilmesi ve bu kapsamda s\u00f6z\u00fcn sahibine adli bir ceza ile m\u00fcdahale edilmesi beklenmemelidir. \u0130nsanlar ili\u015fkilerinde ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7tikleri ki\u015filerin d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, eylemleri ya da ileti\u015fimin konusuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak nazik davranmay\u0131 tercih edebilecekleri gibi k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ya da kaba eylemlerde de bulunabilir. Her s\u00f6z kendisini var eden durumla birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Belirli bir durumda kaba olarak kabul edilebilecek bir s\u00f6z ve bilhassa s\u00f6vme olarak nitelendirilebilecek bir kelime ba\u015fka bir durumun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ifadesi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Eldeki somut olayda oldu\u011fu gibi derinli\u011fine bir anlam ileti\u015fimini gerektirmeyen g\u00fcndelik ili\u015fkilerde kaba yahut k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilen ifadeleri kullanan herkes hakk\u0131nda otomatik olarak ceza mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verilmesi ileti\u015fimi olanaks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve bu durum demokratik bir toplumun vazge\u00e7ilmez unsuru olan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki do\u011furur (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Kerim Karab\u0131\u00e7ak, B. No: 2021\/61944, 20\/12\/2023, \u00a7 13).<\/p>\n
19. Toplumsal hayatta kullan\u0131lan ve dilin anlam dairesinde olan s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin adli cezaland\u0131rmaya konu edilebilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi ba\u011flama g\u00f6re sebepsiz bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisinin de g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekir (bkz. \u00a7 14\/vi). M\u00fc\u015fteki, bizzat neden oldu\u011fu yahut i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 polemikler nedeniyle kendisine y\u00f6neltilen kaba s\u00f6zlerden sonra da tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda yer almaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Kald\u0131 ki bas\u0131n yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal medyay\u0131 s\u0131k kullanan m\u00fc\u015ftekinin y\u00fcz binden fazla takip\u00e7isi olan bir Twitter kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mevcut bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 14\/v).<\/p>\n
20. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmetti\u011fi karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n sadece davaya konu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015ftir. Mahkeme, ba\u015fvurucunun payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadelerin ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 ve sebepsiz bir sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmemi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015ftekinin kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme olana\u011f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeterince tart\u0131\u015fmadan sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucunun adli para cezas\u0131 ile mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
21. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ilk derece mahkemesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurdu\u011fundan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi, Mahkemenin gerek\u00e7esinin ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ilgili ve yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
22. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
23. Ba\u015fvurucu, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
24. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi mahkemece yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni bir karar vermektir (Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere Ankara 11. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesine (E.2021\/953, K.2021\/894) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. 487,60 TL har\u00e7tan olu\u015fan yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. \u00d6demenin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
F. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 28\/11\/2024tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 28\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 2021\/61126 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 AL\u0130 G\u00dcND\u00dcZ BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/61126) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 28\/11\/2024 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL \u00a0 \u00a0 Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : H\u00fcseyin Ozan ADIYAMAN Ba\u015fvurucu : Ali G\u00dcND\u00dcZ \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m ve yorumdan dolay\u0131 adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. T\u00fcrkiye’de mahalli idarelerin karar organlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in 31\/3\/2019 tarihinde yerel se\u00e7imler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminde Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisinin (AK Parti) aday\u0131 B.Y. ile Cumhuriyet Halk Partisinin aday\u0131 E.\u0130. \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulunun (YSK) a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re bu se\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lan ge\u00e7erli oylar\u0131n %48,8’ini E.\u0130., %48,6’s\u0131n\u0131 ise B.Y. alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplam 8.865.072 ki\u015finin oy kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imde E.\u0130. rakibinden 13.629 fazla oy alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. AK Parti 16\/4\/2019 tarihinde \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminin iptali i\u00e7in YSK’ya ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. 17\/4\/2019 tarihinde ise \u0130stanbul \u0130l Se\u00e7im Kurulu, g\u00f6reve se\u00e7ildi\u011fine dair mazbatay\u0131 E.\u0130.ye vermi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte YSK 6\/5\/2019 tarihinde \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminin iptal edilmesine ve 23\/6\/2019 tarihinde yenilenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. Se\u00e7imin iptal edilmesi kamuoyunda uzun s\u00fcre tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7imin …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n