T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
N.S.M.M. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2020\/18122)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 17\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih ve Say\u0131: 23\/12\/2024 – 32761<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
RESEN G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Sinan ARMA\u011eAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
N.S.M.M.<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Lemi KELE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru; s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemi kapsam\u0131nda men\u015fe \u00fclkeye geri g\u00f6nderilecek olunmas\u0131 nedeniyle aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 ile k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan iptal davas\u0131nda kesin karar verilmesi nedeniyle de adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 30\/6\/2020 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve tedbir incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan 1\/7\/2020 tarihinde Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 73. maddesi uyar\u0131nca s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015fleminin tedbiren durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR<\/p>\n
A. Genel Bilgiler<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve ekleri ile Ulusal Yarg\u0131 A\u011f\u0131 Bili\u015fim Sistemi (UYAP) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filen bilgi ve belgeler do\u011frultusunda tespit edilen ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucu, 1990 do\u011fumlu bir erkek olup Irak Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Samsun Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun da aralar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 ki\u015filerle ilgili olarak DAE\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucu, 7\/5\/2019 tarihinde Samsun Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde verdi\u011fi ifadesinde isnat edilen su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 kabul etmemi\u015f; ifadesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u015fu \u015fekilde beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
“…T\u00fcrkiye’ye 02\/07\/2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rawa’dan \u00e7\u0131karak ka\u00e7ak yollardan M… isimli Suriyeli bir ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 … Dolar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Suriye \u00fczerinden Antakya’dan annem, babam, e\u015fim, karde\u015flerim S… ve A… ile e\u015fi \u00d6…le birlikte giri\u015f yapt\u0131m. Antakya’da 3-4 g\u00fcn kald\u0131ktan sonra iki abimin Samsun’da olmas\u0131 sebebiyle Samsun’a geldim. Samsun’a geldikten sonra Ordu ve Sinop illerine gezme ama\u00e7l\u0131 gittim, bunlar\u0131n haricinde T\u00fcrkiye’de ba\u015fka illerde bulunmad\u0131m. Pasaportum yoktur.<\/p>\n
Ben Irak Anbar’a ba\u011fl\u0131 Rawa’da ailemle birlikte ya\u015f\u0131yordum, benim ve abim Y…nin sahibi oldu\u011fumuz lokantam\u0131z vard\u0131 ve buradan elde etti\u011fimiz gelir ile ge\u00e7imimizi sa\u011fl\u0131yorduk. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m yer olan Rawa’ya DEA\u015e 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz aylar\u0131nda gelerek buray\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. DEA\u015e Rawa’da sosyal ya\u015fant\u0131ya m\u00fcdahale etmedi. Herkes kendi i\u015fini yapmaya devam etti. Ben ve abim Y… de yine lokantam\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya devam ettik. Ancak hayat g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne zorla\u015f\u0131yordu. DEA\u015e t\u00fcm esnaftan zorla para al\u0131rd\u0131, vermeyen olursa onlar\u0131 keserek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp cezaland\u0131r\u0131rlard\u0131. Ya\u015famak i\u00e7in herkes bu paray\u0131 vermek zorundayd\u0131. Bizde DEA\u015e’a zekat ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda zorla ve tehdit ederek istedi\u011fi bu paray\u0131 mecburen veriyorduk. 02\/07\/2016 tarihinde biz lokantam\u0131z\u0131 kapatt\u0131k ve DEA\u015e’tan ka\u00e7arak yukar\u0131da da s\u00f6yledi\u011fim gibi 17 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir yolculuktan sonra T\u00fcrkiye’ye yine yukar\u0131da s\u00f6yledi\u011fim akrabalar\u0131mla giri\u015f yapt\u0131k. DEA\u015e ile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131k iki sene s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda kesinlikle DEA\u015e’a biat etmedim.<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
Beni kime sorarsan\u0131z sorun, bana at\u0131lan iddialarla ilgili hi\u00e7bir alakam\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sizlere s\u00f6yleyecektir. Irak’a geri g\u00f6nderilmem durumunda Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden herhangi bir korkum yok ancak Ha\u015fti \u015eabi’den korkuyorum. Ha\u015fti \u015eabi milisleri Irak ordusu askerleri ile birlikte hareket etmek ve ve s\u00fcnni meshepden olanlar\u0131 tehdit etmekte. Hatta amca o\u011flumu g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ve hala bulunamad\u0131. Benim konu ile ilgili bildiklerim bunlardan ibarettir.”<\/p>\n
7. \u0130fadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda Samsun Valili\u011fi 9\/5\/2019 tarihinde 4\/4\/2013 tarihli ve 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar ve Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Kanunu’nun 54. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (d) bendi (kamu d\u00fczeni veya kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ya da kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehdit olu\u015fturanlar) uyar\u0131nca s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucu, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131n\u0131n iptali talebiyle Samsun 1. \u0130dare Mahkemesinde (\u0130dare Mahkemesi) dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu; dava dilek\u00e7esinde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fine ili\u015fkin isnatlar\u0131n as\u0131ls\u0131z olmas\u0131 nedeniyle hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, Irak’taki y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluktaki i\u00e7 sava\u015ftan, amcas\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flunu da ka\u00e7\u0131ran Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi isimli \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn tehditlerinden ve ter\u00f6r tehlikesinden dolay\u0131 ailesini geride b\u0131rak\u0131p \u00fclkesinden ka\u00e7arak T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi\u011fini ve uluslararas\u0131 koruma talebinde bulundu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Irak’ta etnik temelli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin iktidar sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etmesi nedeniyle \u00fclkesinde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclkesine g\u00f6nderilmesi durumunda devam eden i\u00e7 sava\u015f, a\u00e7l\u0131k gibi sebeplerle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedebilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; ayr\u0131ca -dava dilek\u00e7esinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde- polis ifadesinde de belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere amca o\u011fullar\u0131yla husumetli oldu\u011funu, bu ki\u015filerin Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015finin de bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn elinde hapsoldu\u011funu, geri g\u00f6nderilmesi h\u00e2linde \u00f6l\u00fcm tehlikesi alt\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Samsun Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 10\/5\/2019 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndakovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 vermi\u015f; ba\u015fvurucu, s\u00f6z konusu karar\u0131 \u0130dare Mahkemesine 5\/8\/2019 tarihli dilek\u00e7eyle sunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
10. \u0130dare Mahkemesi 4\/2\/2020 tarihinde davan\u0131n kesin olarak reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar gerek\u00e7esinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“… \u00d6te yandan, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi ve Irak’a g\u00f6nderilmesi halinde can g\u00fcvenli\u011fine halel gelece\u011fi, bu nedenle s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine olanak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmekte ise de; s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 karar\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fi \u00fclkeye geri g\u00f6nderilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir ifadeye yer verilmedi\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik karar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n Irak’a gitmeyerek ayn\u0131 stat\u00fcdeki ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye gitmesine olanak bulundu\u011fundan ve s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi halinde can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin tehlikede oldu\u011funun somut verilerle ortaya konulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, an\u0131lan davac\u0131 iddialar\u0131na itibar edilmemi\u015ftir.”<\/p>\n
11. Karar, ba\u015fvurucuya 16\/3\/2020 tarihinde tebli\u011f edilmi\u015ftir. COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle 25\/3\/2020 tarihli ve 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca 13\/3\/2020 tarihinden 15\/6\/2020 tarihine kadar bireysel ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcresinin durdu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurunun s\u00fcresinde oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
A. Ulusal Hukuk<\/p>\n
12. 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cGeri g\u00f6nderme yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 4. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Bu Kanun kapsam\u0131ndaki hi\u00e7 kimse, i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza veya muameleye tabi tutulaca\u011f\u0131 veya \u0131rk\u0131, dini, tabiiyeti, belli bir toplumsal gruba mensubiyeti veya siyasi fikirleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hayat\u0131n\u0131n veya h\u00fcrriyetinin tehdit alt\u0131nda bulunaca\u011f\u0131 bir yere g\u00f6nderilemez.”<\/p>\n
13. 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6\/12\/2019 tarihli ve 7196 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 75. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015fen \u201cS\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 53. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131, Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn talimat\u0131 \u00fczerine veya resen valiliklerce al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) Karar, gerek\u00e7eleriyle birlikte hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nan yabanc\u0131ya veya yasal temsilcisine ya da avukat\u0131na tebli\u011f edilir. Hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nan yabanc\u0131, bir avukat taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilmiyorsa kendisi veya yasal temsilcisi, karar\u0131n sonucu, itiraz usulleri ve s\u00fcreleri hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) Yabanc\u0131 veya yasal temsilcisi ya da avukat\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde idare mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilir. Mahkemeye ba\u015fvuran ki\u015fi, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131n\u0131 veren makama da ba\u015fvurusunu bildirir. Mahkemeye yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular on be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Mahkemenin bu konuda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu karar kesindir. Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde veya yarg\u0131 yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yarg\u0131lama sonu\u00e7lan\u0131ncaya kadar yabanc\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmez.”<\/p>\n
14. 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cS\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nacaklar\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 54. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lan yabanc\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r:<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
d) Kamu d\u00fczeni veya kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ya da kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehdit olu\u015fturanlar<\/p>\n
…”<\/p>\n
15. 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nmayacaklar” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 55. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) 54 \u00fcnc\u00fc madde kapsam\u0131nda olsalar dahi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yabanc\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nmaz:<\/p>\n
a) S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkede \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na, i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza veya muameleye maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ciddi emare bulunanlar<\/p>\n
…”<\/p>\n
B. Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk<\/p>\n
1. Uluslararas\u0131 Mevzuat<\/p>\n
16. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin (S\u00f6zle\u015fme) “\u0130\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Hi\u00e7 kimse i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza veya i\u015flemlere tabi tutulamaz.”<\/p>\n
2. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi Uygulamas\u0131<\/p>\n
17. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesinin (A\u0130HM) s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u015fik\u00e2yetlerle ilgili ilkesel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. A.A. ve A.A. [GK], B. No: 2015\/3941, 1\/3\/2017, \u00a7 38.<\/p>\n
18. A\u0130HM, J.K. ve di\u011ferleri\/\u0130sve\u00e7 ([BD], B. No: 59166\/12, 23\/8\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 30-46) ba\u015fvurusunda uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n raporlar\u0131ndan faydalanarak Irak’taki genel insan haklar\u0131 durumuna ili\u015fkin bilgiler vermi\u015ftir. A\u0130HM’e g\u00f6re Irak’taki genel g\u00fcvenlik durumu tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkeye geri g\u00f6nderilmesini engelleyecek kadar ciddi de\u011fildir (an\u0131lan kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 110, 111).<\/p>\n
19. A\u0130HM A.S.\/Bel\u00e7ika ba\u015fvurusunda ((k.k.), B. No: 68739\/14, 19\/9\/2017, \u00a7 60) 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Irak’ta geli\u015fen olaylar\u0131 dikkate alsa da eskiden vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucun de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini, bu \u00fclkeye bir ki\u015fiyi geri g\u00f6ndermenin S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin 3. maddesinin ihlal edilmesini gerektirecek seviyede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. A\u0130HM, sonraki bir karar\u0131nda Irak’taki durumun \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steren hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fvurucunun -ki\u015fisel durumunun- geri g\u00f6nderilmesi h\u00e2linde Irak’ta k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ger\u00e7ek bir risk olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemenin daha yerinde olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (D. ve di\u011ferleri\/Romanya, B. No: 75953\/16, 14\/1\/2020, \u00a7 68).<\/p>\n
20. A\u0130HM bu sefer T\u00fcrkiye aleyhinde yak\u0131n tarihte verdi\u011fi ba\u015fka bir karar\u0131nda Irak’taki g\u00fcncel durumu incelemi\u015f, karar\u0131n sonu\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda Irak’\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik durumunun 2018 veya \u00f6ncesine oranla iyile\u015fti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (J.A. ve A.A.\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 80206\/17, 6\/2\/2024, \u00a7 75). S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 2. ve 3. maddelerinin usul y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6z konusu kararda \u00e7e\u015fitli uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n raporlar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015f, bu raporlarda 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda Irak’\u0131n genel g\u00fcvenlik durumuna ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 tespitlerde bulunulmu\u015ftur (an\u0131lan kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 30-36). Kararda yer alan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar bilhassa \u00f6nemlidir:<\/p>\n
“33. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Irak\u2019taki g\u00fcvenlik durumuna ili\u015fkin Kas\u0131m 2022 tarihli \u00dclke Politikas\u0131 ve Bilgi Notu (1 A\u011fustos 2023 tarihinde g\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir):<\/p>\n
‘…<\/p>\n
2. 4 Risk<\/p>\n
2.4.1 Genel olarak, Selahaddin vilayetindeki Beyci\u2019nin kuzeyindeki da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lge hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere Irak genelinde ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen \u015fiddetin sonucu olarak bir ki\u015finin ciddi ve bireysel bir zarar tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131 muhtemel de\u011fildir. Ancak, daha \u00f6nce DAE\u015e taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen Enbar, Diyala, Kerk\u00fck, Ninova ve Selahaddin vilayetlerine geri d\u00f6nen bir ki\u015finin ciddi bir zararla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 birtak\u0131m fakt\u00f6r\u00fc dikkate alan, olaya duyarl\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fken \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir de\u011ferlendirme gerektirecektir. T\u00fcm vakalar kendi ger\u00e7eklerine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmeli ve ciddi bir zarar riski oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ki\u015fiye ait olmal\u0131d\u0131r…<\/p>\n
2.4.4. …Irak\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde H\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fc\u00e7leri, \u00e7e\u015fitli milisler ve DAE\u015e\u2019in kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu bir i\u00e7 silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fanmaya devam etmektedir. DAE\u015e\u2019in 2017 sonunda askeri olarak yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 \u015fiddetin seviyesinin azalmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan i\u00e7 silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu, -genel bir mesele olarak- Irak\u2019a geri d\u00f6nen herhangi bir sivilin yaln\u0131zca orada bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle ciddi zarara yol a\u00e7acak ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen \u015fiddete maruz kalma konusunda ger\u00e7ek bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funa inanmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli gerek\u00e7eler olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde de\u011fildir…<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131daki genel sonucun tek istisnas\u0131 Selahaddin vilayetindeki Beyci’nin kuzeyindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgedir. DAE\u015e b\u00f6lgede doktrinsel kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir ve ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen \u015fiddet riski genel olarak -ikincil korumay\u0131- devreye sokacak d\u00fczeydedir.<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
34. Avrupa Birli\u011fi S\u0131\u011f\u0131nma Ajans\u0131 (EUAA) taraf\u0131ndan 29 Haziran 2022 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan Irak \u00dclke Rehberinin ilgili k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
1.4. Irak ve \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti (DAE\u015e)<\/p>\n
DAE\u015e, Irak\u2019ta \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol ediyordu ancak Aral\u0131k 2017\u2019de askeri olarak yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015ftir. DAE\u015e\u2019i ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik askeri harek\u00e2t \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn operasyonel kabiliyetlerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve DAE\u015e askeri yenilgisinden bu yana Irak\u2019ta toprak kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015f ancak daha geleneksel bir isyanc\u0131 grup olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye devam etmektedir… DAE\u015e, Irak\u2019ta hi\u00e7bir b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol etmemektedir. Grubun halen aktif oldu\u011fu ancak g\u00fcvenlik ve istikrar\u0131 tehdit edebilecek yeterli sava\u015f kabiliyetine sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu bildirilmektedir…<\/p>\n
Irak\u2019ta ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen \u015fiddet<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeksizin \u015fiddetin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ise -ki bu durum y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde de\u011fildir ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla- b\u00f6lgeye geri g\u00f6nderilen bir sivilin Madde 15(c) QD [Vas\u0131f Y\u00f6nergesi] anlam\u0131nda ciddi bir zarar g\u00f6rme riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131na inanmak i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde bireysel unsurlar gerekmektedir. Bu b\u00f6lgeler, Enbar, Ba\u011fdat, Erbil, Kerk\u00fck, Ninova ve Selahaddin vilayetlerini kapsamaktad\u0131r…<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
35. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi Kas\u0131m 2022\u2019de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nerilen \u00fclke i\u00e7i yeniden yerle\u015ftirme alanlar\u0131na yasal olarak eri\u015febilme ve kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015febilmelerini de\u011ferlendiren \u0130lgili Men\u015fe \u00dclke Bilgisi’nde, di\u011ferlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetmi\u015ftir: <\/p>\n
II. Eri\u015fim Gereklilikleri<\/p>\n
Federal Irak:<\/p>\n
Bir ki\u015finin kontrol noktalar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebilmesi ve \u00f6nerilen yeniden yerle\u015ftirme alan\u0131na kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli kimlik belgelerine (CSID\/UNID [sivil stat\u00fc kimlik kart\u0131\/birle\u015fik kimlik kart\u0131], vatanda\u015fl\u0131k belgesi veya pasaport gibi) sahip olmas\u0131 gerekecektir. Vilayet, il\u00e7e ve \u015fehir giri\u015f kontrol noktalar\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik taramalar\u0131 devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler sponsorluk \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulanmaya devam etmektedir. Bu da uygulamada; bireyin, \u00f6nerilen yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme b\u00f6lgesinde ikamet eden ve kendisinin g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti ederek sponsor olarak hareket etmeye istekli birini tan\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
1) Sponsorluk Gereklili\u011fi Olmayan Vilayetler<\/p>\n
Federal H\u00fck\u00fcmetin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7o\u011fu vilayet\/il\u00e7e giri\u015f \u015fart\u0131 uygulamamaktad\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda El-Enbar, Babil, Ba\u011fdat, Basra, Dikar (istisnalar hari\u00e7), Diyala (istisnalar hari\u00e7), Kerbela, Kerk\u00fck, Misan, M\u00fcsenna, Necef, Ninova (istisnalar hari\u00e7), Kadisiye ve Vas\u0131t Vilayetleri bulunmaktad\u0131r…<\/p>\n
36. EUAA taraf\u0131ndan 29 Haziran 2023 tarihinde yay\u0131mlanan Irak\u2019a ili\u015fkin 2022 \u00dclke Rehberinde \u015fu hususlara yer verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
2. 1 DAE\u015e ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ki\u015filer<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n kontrol noktalar\u0131nda kimlik belgeleri ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in tutukland\u0131klar\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. Ordu ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin DAE\u015e\u2019in kontrol\u00fcndeki b\u00f6lgelerden belgesiz ayr\u0131lan erkeklerin ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n DAE\u015e\u2019le ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle kimliklerini gizlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri bildirilmi\u015ftir. Binlerce erke\u011fin tutukland\u0131ktan sonra ortadan kayboldu\u011fu bildirilmi\u015ftir…<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
Risk Analizi<\/p>\n
DAE\u015e ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bireyler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda -s\u00f6z konusu bireyler genel olarak t\u00fcm g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6rlerinin \u00f6ncelikli hedefi olmas\u0131 sebebiyle- hakl\u0131 nedenlere dayanan bir zul\u00fcm korkusu kan\u0131tlanabilir.<\/p>\n
DAE\u015e ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen aile \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in, ba\u015fvuru sahibinin zulme maruz kalmas\u0131 konusunda makul say\u0131labilecek bir ihtimal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bireysel de\u011ferlendirmede, aile durumu (\u00f6rne\u011fin bek\u00e2r veya dul kad\u0131n, kad\u0131n hane reisi, annesi bek\u00e2r veya dul anneli ve\/veya yabanc\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fc veya kay\u0131p babal\u0131 \u00e7ocuk), a\u015firet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, men\u015fe b\u00f6lgesi gibi riski etkileyen ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r…<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
2. 2 S\u00fcnni Araplar<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
S\u00fcnni Araplar, DAE\u015e \u00fcyeleriyle aile ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi, men\u015fe b\u00f6lgesi ve ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131, a\u015firet, isim vb. gibi baz\u0131 bireysel fakt\u00f6rler nedeniyle DAE\u015e ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanabilirler.<\/p>\n
DAE\u015e ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen S\u00fcnni Araplar\u0131n maruz kalabilece\u011fi eylemler, zul\u00fcm anlam\u0131na gelecek kadar a\u011f\u0131r niteliktedir (\u00f6rne\u011fin keyfi tutuklama, \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131, i\u015fkence)…<\/p>\n
Mevcut bilgiler bir ki\u015finin sadece S\u00fcnni Arap olmas\u0131n\u0131n normalde sa\u011flam nedene dayanan bir zul\u00fcm korkusuna yol a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ba\u015fvuru sahibinin zul\u00fcmle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in makul derecede bir ihtimal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bireysel de\u011ferlendirme, k\u00f6ken, a\u015firet, ya\u015f, cinsiyet vb. gibi riski etkileyen ko\u015fullar\u0131 dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
…”<\/p>\n
3. Uluslararas\u0131 Metinler<\/p>\n
21. Avrupa Birli\u011fi S\u0131\u011f\u0131nma Ajans\u0131 (EUAA) taraf\u0131ndan 29\/6\/2022 tarihinde yay\u0131mlanan Irak \u00dclke Rehberi’nin “Halk Seferberlik G\u00fc\u00e7leri ve A\u015firet Seferberlik Milisleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Halk Seferberlik Birlikleri (HSB) ve Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan Halk Seferberlik G\u00fc\u00e7leri (HSG), bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 milisten olu\u015fan karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u015femsiye \u00f6rg\u00fct olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n
HSB resmi olarak Irak ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131n komutas\u0131 alt\u0131nda olsa da baz\u0131 \u00f6nde gelen (\u015eii) milisler do\u011frudan \u0130ran’a hesap vermektedir… <\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi’nin toplam insan g\u00fcc\u00fc 165.000 olup bunlar\u0131n 110.000’i \u015eii, 45.000’i S\u00fcnni ve 10.000’i az\u0131nl\u0131klardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r…”<\/p>\n
22. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi (BMMYK) 30\/1\/2024 tarihinde yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Irak Cumhuriyeti’nden Ka\u00e7an Ki\u015filerle \u0130lgili Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Hususlar\u0131, Birinci G\u00fcncelleme” isimli belgede “Bir \u0130stikrars\u0131zl\u0131k Kayna\u011f\u0131 Olarak HSB” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u00a0“\u00c7o\u011funlukla \u015eii silahl\u0131 gruplardan olu\u015fan bir \u015femsiye \u00f6rg\u00fct olan HSB 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda DAE\u015e ile m\u00fccadeleye y\u00f6nelik paralel bir g\u00fcvenlik ayg\u0131t\u0131 olarak kuruldu. Kas\u0131m 2016’dan bu yana Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k b\u00fcnyesindeki Halk Seferberlik Komisyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131k olarak Irak G\u00fcvenlik G\u00fc\u00e7lerine nominal olarak entegre edilmi\u015flerdir. Yasal olarak Devlet b\u00fct\u00e7esine eri\u015fimi olan Devlet g\u00fcvenlik ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olsa da HSB tutarl\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct de\u011fildir ve i\u00e7indeki gruplar\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 ile yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmak \u00fczere farkl\u0131 derecelerde idari ve operasyonel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir…”<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
23. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 17\/7\/2024 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Adli Yard\u0131m Talebi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
24. \u00d6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun oldu\u011funu belirten ba\u015fvurucunun adli yard\u0131m talebinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekir (yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n adli yard\u0131m taleplerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi hususunda bkz. Nadali Agheli Kohne Shari, B. No: 2014\/12633, 9\/9\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 17, 18).<\/p>\n
B. K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131<\/p>\n
25. Ba\u015fvurucu; DAE\u015e’in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehre h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131ndan sonra evine, d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131na ve e\u015fyas\u0131na el koydu\u011funu, s\u00f6z konusu ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi zul\u00fcm ve koalisyon g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin hava bombard\u0131man\u0131 sebebiyle \u00fclkesinden ailesiyle ka\u00e7arak T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkesinden ka\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra Irak H\u00fck\u00fbmetiyle birlikte hareket eden ve \u015eii yanl\u0131s\u0131 olan Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan S\u00fcnni olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisinin ve ailesinin geri d\u00f6nmeleri h\u00e2linde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecekleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tehdit edildiklerini iddia etmi\u015ftir. Bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunun “Olay ve Olgular” k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki anlat\u0131m\u0131nda ise Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc tehdidinin \u00fclkesinden ka\u00e7mas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvurucu, haks\u0131z verilen s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 nedeniyle Irak’ta devam eden i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fini veya k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalabilece\u011fini belirterek Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, ayr\u0131ca pandemi nedeniyle bula\u015f riskinden de \u015fik\u00e2yet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
27. Anayasa Mahkemesi olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder. Ba\u015fvurucunun ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddialar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve inceleme bu yasak kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
28. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
b. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
i. Genel \u0130lkeler<\/p>\n
29. K\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frama riski bulunan \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme konusunda benimsenen genel ilkeler A.A. ve A.A. (ayn\u0131 kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 54-72) karar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu ilkeler k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilecek ki\u015fiye \u00fclkesinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi risklere ili\u015fkin olarak etkili bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Aksi h\u00e2lde s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi\u011finde k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalma riski alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu iddia eden ve bu iddias\u0131n\u0131 delillendirme konusunda devlete g\u00f6re daha k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 imk\u00e2nlara sahip olan yabanc\u0131ya ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir koruma sa\u011flanabildi\u011finden bahsedilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 karar\u0131 verilen bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rtma ve bu karar\u0131 adil bir \u015fekilde inceletme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flayan usul g\u00fcvencelerine sahip oldu\u011fu ku\u015fkusuzdur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemi sonucunda yabanc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderilece\u011fi \u00fclkede k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir\/ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya de\u011fer ve belirli bir ciddilik seviyesinde olmas\u0131, iddias\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen bilgi ve belgeleri sunmas\u0131 durumunda idari ve yarg\u0131sal makamlar taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkede ger\u00e7ek bir ihlal riskinin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. An\u0131lan usul g\u00fcvencelerinin bir gere\u011fi olarak idari makamlar taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesi, bu denetim s\u00fcresince s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n icra edilmemesi ve yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecine taraflar\u0131n etkili kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
ii. S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilebilece\u011fine karar verilebilmesi i\u00e7in geri g\u00f6nderilen \u00fclkedeki riskin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6tesinde ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011fu ispatlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konudaki ispat k\u00fclfeti iddian\u0131n niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re kamu makamlar\u0131na ve\/veya ba\u015fvurucuya aittir.<\/p>\n
iii. Ger\u00e7ek riskin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin maddi olgular\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken kural olarak s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi tarihteki \u015fartlar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131 ancak yap\u0131lacak de\u011ferlendirmenin sonucunu do\u011frudan etkileyecek \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yeni durum g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
iv. S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131yla ilgili bireysel ba\u015fvurularda Anayasa Mahkemesinin \u00f6ncelikli rol\u00fc, geri g\u00f6nderilen \u00fclkede k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riskinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin savunulabilir bir iddian\u0131n bulundu\u011fu durumlarda idari ve an\u0131lan yasak kapsam\u0131ndaki usul g\u00fcvencelerinin yarg\u0131sal makamlar taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131p sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetlemekten ibarettir. Anayasa Mahkemesi, usul g\u00fcvencelerinin sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi\u011finde ikincillik ilkesi gere\u011fi kural olarak yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ihlal karar\u0131 verir. Usul g\u00fcvencelerinin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ise geri g\u00f6nderilen \u00fclkede ger\u00e7ek bir k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riski olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilir. Bununla birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesi, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zel \u015fartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde geri g\u00f6nderilen \u00fclkede ger\u00e7ek bir k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riski bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istisnai olarak ilk elden kendisi de inceleyebilir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda Anayasa Mahkemesi, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi boyutunun ihlal edilip edilmeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir de\u011ferlendirme yapabilir.<\/p>\n
ii. \u0130lkelerin Olaya Uygulanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
30. Ba\u015fvurucu, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi h\u00e2linde \u00fclkesinde k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda ba\u015fvurucunun idari ve adli makamlar \u00f6n\u00fcnde ortaya koydu\u011fu bilgi ve belgeler de dikkate al\u0131narak \u00fclkesinde k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ger\u00e7ek bir risk oldu\u011funa inanmak i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler sunup sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
31. Ba\u015fvurucu, bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunda S\u00fcnni mezhebinden olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Irak’taki Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan ailesi de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6l\u00fcmle tehdit edildiklerini, geri g\u00f6nderilmesi h\u00e2linde k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015f; \u00fclkesinde devam eden i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fini dile getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
32. Bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunda veya dava dilek\u00e7esinde (bkz. \u00a7 8) a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmese de polise verdi\u011fi ifadeden ba\u015fvurucunun 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra \u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131larak T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda 9\/5\/2019 tarihinde s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iptal davas\u0131 4\/2\/2020’de reddedilmi\u015f ise de bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmas\u0131 \u00fczerine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015fleminin y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi tedbir karar\u0131yla durdurulmu\u015f; ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fclkesine geri g\u00f6nderilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmemesi nedeniyle geri g\u00f6nderme yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilirken Irak’\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik durumundaki g\u00fcncel geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Irak g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin 2017 Aral\u0131k’ta DAE\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc yenilgiye u\u011fratmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkedeki genel \u015fiddet seviyesinin azalmas\u0131na olumlu katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde veya sonras\u0131nda -ba\u015fvurucunun daha \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bir d\u00f6nem DAE\u015e’in kontrol\u00fcnde olan Enbar b\u00f6lgesi d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere- Irak’\u0131n genel g\u00fcvenlik durumunun geri g\u00f6nderilmesi h\u00e2linde bir ki\u015fi i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir risk olu\u015fturacak seviyede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (A\u0130HM’in ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeleri ve kararlar\u0131na yans\u0131yan uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n raporlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 19, 20). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun geri g\u00f6nderilmesi h\u00e2linde men\u015fe \u00fclkede kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 riskin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ki\u015fisel durumu incelenerek belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
34. Ba\u015fvurucu, mezhebi sebebiyle Irak g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bir unsuru olan Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi’nin tehdidi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u00fcnni Arap oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilen ba\u015fvurucunun Irak’\u0131n Enbar vilayetinden geldi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mezhebi ve k\u00f6keni nedeniyle risk alt\u0131nda olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekir. Uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n raporlar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa Irak’\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde S\u00fcnni Arap bir ki\u015finin DAE\u015e ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 veya oldu\u011funun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi -birtak\u0131m fakt\u00f6rlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde- k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek bir risk olu\u015fturabilir (bkz. \u00a7 20).<\/p>\n
35. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucu, sava\u015fabilecek ya\u015fta olsa da o s\u0131rada DAE\u015e bu b\u00f6lgede h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmektedir. DAE\u015e hen\u00fcz alan h\u00e2kimiyetini kaybetmeden oradan ka\u00e7an ba\u015fvurucu, s\u00f6z konusu ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren veya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesine neden olabilecek bir bilgiden bahsetmemi\u015ftir. Polis ifadesinde belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere cebir alt\u0131nda ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne para vermek zorunda kalmas\u0131 o d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kendisinin DAE\u015e’le ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli bir neden gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir. Di\u011fer taraftan kuzeninin bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin beyan\u0131 a\u015firet\/akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 nedeniyle sorun ya\u015fayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131makta ise de ba\u015fvurucunun ba\u015fvuru formunda bu iddias\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmedi\u011fi, dahas\u0131 adli ve idari mercilere kuzeninin ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, herhangi bir veri de sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f olan bu iddia nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucunun risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu sebepler haricinde ba\u015fvurucu Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi’nin neden kendisini hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra bu tehdidin ne \u015fekilde ve ne zaman kendisine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tehdidin devam etti\u011fine dair g\u00f6stergelerin neler oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6z konusu tehdide ili\u015fkin a\u015famalardaki anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tutarl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 6, 8, 25).<\/p>\n
36. S\u00fcnni Arap olmas\u0131 haricinde DAE\u015e’li olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na neden olacak ek fakt\u00f6rlerin yoklu\u011funda ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fclkesinde mezhebi ve k\u00f6keni nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
37. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvurucu, pandemi nedeniyle bula\u015f riskini dile getirmi\u015f ise de sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna veya s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemi kapsam\u0131nda pandeminin ne gibi bir soruna yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun iddias\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 inceleme yapmay\u0131 gerektirir nitelikte olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
38. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015fvurucunun geri g\u00f6nderilmesi h\u00e2linde \u00fclkesinde ger\u00e7ek bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131na inanmak i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
39. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmedi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
C. Adil Yarg\u0131lama Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
40. Ba\u015fvurucu, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin davada verilen karar\u0131n kesin oldu\u011funu, iki dereceli yarg\u0131lama hakk\u0131ndan faydalanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek etkili ba\u015fvuru ve adil yarg\u0131lanma haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
41. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yeti adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
42. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 148. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 45. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re bireysel ba\u015fvurunun incelenebilmesi i\u00e7in kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan ihlal edildi\u011fi iddia edilen hakk\u0131n Anayasa\u2019da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra S\u00f6zle\u015fme veya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu S\u00f6zle\u015fme’ye ek protokoller kapsam\u0131na da girmesi gerekir. Anayasa ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin ortak koruma alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan hak ihlali iddias\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren ba\u015fvurular bireysel ba\u015fvurunun kapsam\u0131nda de\u011fildir (Onurhan Solmaz, B. No: 2012\/1049, 26\/3\/2013, \u00a7 18).<\/p>\n
43. Devletin yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fclkeye kabul etmekte veya s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmekte takdir yetkisinin bulundu\u011fu ku\u015fkusuzdur ancak an\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin Anayasa’da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu edilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (A.A. ve A.A. , \u00a7 54). \u00d6te yandan A\u0130HM taraf\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkeye giri\u015fine, \u00fclkede kal\u0131\u015f\u0131na veya \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flemlerin S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin 6. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin davalar medeni hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir (Aigul Mavlianova, B. No: 2016\/6293, 9\/11\/2017, \u00a7 27). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemini konu alan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7eren yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin 6. maddesinde g\u00fcvence at\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lama hakk\u0131n\u0131n ortak koruma alan\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekir (Aigul Mavlianova, \u00a7 28).<\/p>\n
44. Ba\u015fvurucunun adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131n\u0131n konusunun Anayasa ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin ortak koruma alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
45. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisizlik nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
D. Aile Hayat\u0131na Sayg\u0131 Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
46. Ba\u015fvurucu, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi h\u00e2linde e\u015fi ve bir \u00e7ocu\u011funun T\u00fcrkiye’de kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
47. Aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca vatanda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil hukuka uygun \u015fekilde ikamet eden yabanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan aile birliklerini de korudu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekir ancak g\u00f6\u00e7 kontrol\u00fc ve kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu olan gereklilikler nedeniyle aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda devletin geni\u015f takdir yetkisi vard\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan aile ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u015fartlar, aile hayat\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kesildi\u011fi ya da kesilece\u011fi, \u00fclkedeki ba\u011flar\u0131n ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde oldu\u011fu, ba\u015fka bir yerde aile ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131lamaz nesnel engeller olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn gereklerinin veya s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmenin a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmelerin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kriterler dikkate al\u0131narak inceleme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Peri K\u0131r\u0131k, B. No: 2015\/19795, 9\/1\/2019, \u00a7 26).<\/p>\n
48. Ba\u015fvurucunun Irak’a g\u00f6nderilmesi h\u00e2linde k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 39). Ba\u015fvurucu, k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riski d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aile birlikteli\u011fini neden \u00fclkesinde kuramayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir iddia ileri s\u00fcrmemi\u015f; ailesiyle ilgili hi\u00e7bir \u00f6zel bilgi sunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ailesinin de kendisi ile birlikte Irak’a d\u00f6nmesinde ne gibi \u00f6nemli engeller bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lamayan ve ailesi \u00f6zelinde hi\u00e7bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmayan ba\u015fvurucunun bu iddias\u0131n\u0131 temellendiremedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
49. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kabul edilebilirlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmeksizin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvurunun niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k belgelerde ba\u015fvurucunun kimli\u011finin RESEN G\u0130ZL\u0130 TUTULMASINA,<\/p>\n
B. Adli yard\u0131m talebinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
C. 1. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
2. Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisizlik nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
3. Aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
D. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin verilen tedbir karar\u0131n\u0131n SONLANDIRILMASINA,<\/p>\n
F. 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 339. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca adli yard\u0131m talebi kabul edilen ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131lama giderlerini \u00f6demekten TAMAMEN MUAF TUTULMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 17\/7\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 17\/7\/2024 tarihli ve 2020\/18122 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 N.S.M.M. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2020\/18122) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 17\/7\/2024 R.G. Tarih ve Say\u0131: 23\/12\/2024 – 32761 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR RESEN G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K KARARI \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE Raport\u00f6r : Sinan ARMA\u011eAN Ba\u015fvurucu : N.S.M.M. Vekili : Av. Lemi KELE\u015e \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru; s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemi kapsam\u0131nda men\u015fe \u00fclkeye geri g\u00f6nderilecek olunmas\u0131 nedeniyle aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 ile k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan iptal davas\u0131nda kesin karar verilmesi nedeniyle de adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 30\/6\/2020 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve tedbir incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 3. B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan 1\/7\/2020 tarihinde Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 73. maddesi uyar\u0131nca s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme i\u015fleminin tedbiren durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR A. Genel Bilgiler 4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve ekleri ile Ulusal Yarg\u0131 A\u011f\u0131 Bili\u015fim Sistemi (UYAP) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filen bilgi ve belgeler do\u011frultusunda tespit edilen ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir: 5. Ba\u015fvurucu, 1990 do\u011fumlu bir erkek olup Irak Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Samsun Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun da …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n