T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
TUNA CAN KIRBA\u015e BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2023\/30553)<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 27\/5\/2025<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Yusuf KARABULAK<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Tuna Can KIRBA\u015e<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Nail Dursun KIRBA\u015e<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m sebebiyle adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu 15\/7\/2021 tarihinde sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan 15 Temmuz 2016’da Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde darbedilen Hava Harp Okulunda g\u00f6revli erlere ait oldu\u011funu beyan etti\u011fi bir foto\u011fraf payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu foto\u011fraf\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na da T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri \u0130\u00e7 Hizmet Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 8. maddesi oldu\u011funu belirtti\u011fi “Ast; \u00e2mirin her emrini b\u00fct\u00fcn tahamm\u00fcl kuvvetini, sarf ederek istekle ve tam zaman\u0131nda yapmaya mecburdur.” \u015feklindeki metne yer vermi\u015f, devam\u0131nda da “Kendi askerini lin\u00e7 eden tek millet olarak tarihe ge\u00e7tik..” \u015feklinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini eklemi\u015ftir. Bu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n alt\u0131na ba\u015fvurucuyla tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan ve sosyal medyadan arkada\u015f\u0131 olan \u0130.D. (m\u00fc\u015fteki\/kat\u0131lan) taraf\u0131ndan “Sen o y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi okumam\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, bi yerden kopyala yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r yapm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n. ister madde madde atay\u0131m istersen wp dan PDF atay\u0131m. T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131na kur\u015fun s\u0131kan asker de\u011fildir. MADDE 8’in konu ile alakas\u0131 yoktur. madde 19,20,21 ve 22 ele al\u0131nabilir. bunlar da gayet a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. silahs\u0131za belden yukar\u0131 ate\u015f a\u00e7abilme durumu sadece 30m de vuku bulabilir. 150m deki elinde T\u00dcRK bayra\u011f\u0131 olan\u0131 kafas\u0131ndan ya da G\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnden vurabilen acemi askerde de\u011fildir.” \u015feklinde yorum yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130.D. bu yorumun alt\u0131na T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri \u0130\u00e7 Hizmet Kanunu oldu\u011funu belirtti\u011fi d\u00fczenlemenin ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc eklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Taraflar aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n alt\u0131nda devam eden tart\u0131\u015fmada ba\u015fvurucu “Yarin h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fse akp ye lanet okursun. Bo\u015funa elini kolunu yorma” yazm\u0131\u015f, \u0130.D. de cevap olarak “Ben kanun derim vatan derim, sen akp dersin.” \u015feklinde cevap vermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu ise son olarak \u0130.D.ye hitaben “Pabucumun ajan\u0131. Iyi g\u00fcld\u00fcm.. Mr bilirki\u015fi…”, “Siz vatan\u0131n \u00f6z evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 lin\u00e7 edecek kadar su\u00e7suz askeri \u00f6\u011frencilerin bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 kesip cezaevine atacak kadar gaddar ve hainsiniz.” \u015feklinde yorumda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvurucunun payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile kendisine hakaret etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren \u0130.D. 16\/7\/2021 tarihli dilek\u00e7eyle Mengen Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k) \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunmu\u015ftur. \u015eik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esinde; ba\u015fvurucunun payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda ve yorumlar\u0131nda yer alan ifadeler sebebiyle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucunun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 pabucumun ajan\u0131, siz vatan\u0131n \u00f6z evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 lin\u00e7 edecek kadar su\u00e7suz askeri \u00f6\u011frencilerin bo\u011fan\u0131z\u0131n kesip ceza evine atacak kadar gaddar ve hainsiniz ifadeleriyle hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirmesiyle iddianame tanzim edilmi\u015ftir. Mengen 11. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinde (Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi) yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada, gaddar ve hain kelimelerinin T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumundaki (TDK) anlamlar\u0131 incelenmi\u015f ve hakaret su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek ba\u015fvurucunun beraatine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“…gaddar kelimesinin T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu nezdindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131 olmayan, merhametsiz, kat\u0131 y\u00fcrekli oldu\u011fu, hain kelimesinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ise, h\u0131yanet eden, zarar vermekten, \u00fczmekten veya k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmaktan ho\u015flanan, k\u00f6t\u00fcniyeti olan kimse oldu\u011fu, bu bak\u0131mdan Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n yerle\u015fmi\u015f i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi gibi kullan\u0131lan ifadenin, kat\u0131lan\u0131n onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rencide edici boyuta ula\u015fmayan rahats\u0131z edici, kaba ve nezaket d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fundan ve hakaret su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131 itibariyle olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 hakaret su\u00e7undan beraatine karar veril[mi\u015ftir]”<\/p>\n
6. Bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Sakarya B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 6. Ceza Dairesi davay\u0131 yeniden ele alarak ba\u015fvurucunun kat\u0131lana hitaben s\u00f6ylemi\u015f oldu\u011fu bu s\u00f6zlerin kat\u0131lan\u0131n onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rencide edici nitelikte oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucuyu 1.740 TL adli para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm etmi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esindeki ilgili k\u0131s\u0131m \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Somut olayda; san\u0131k Tuna Can K\u0131rba\u015f’\u0131n 15\/07\/2021 tarihinde kendisine ait facebook sosyal medya hesab\u0131 \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri \u0130\u00e7 Hizmet Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nin 8.maddesini yazarak payla\u015f\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lan [\u0130.D.nin] 8. maddenin ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015f\u0131ma yorum olarak ekledi\u011fi, aralar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131k Tuna Can K\u0131rba\u015f’\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki yorumlarda kat\u0131lan [\u0130.D.ye] hitaben ‘pabucumun ajan\u0131, siz vatan\u0131n \u00f6z evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 lin\u00e7 edecek kadar su\u00e7suz askeri \u00f6\u011frencilerin bo\u011fan\u0131z\u0131n kesip ceza evine atacak kadar gaddar ve hainsiniz’ dedi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu s\u00f6zleri ile kat\u0131lan\u0131 su\u00e7suz askeri \u00f6\u011frencilerin bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 kesip cezaevine atacak kadar gaddar ve hain olmak olgusuyla su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lana hitaben s\u00f6ylemi\u015f oldu\u011fu bu s\u00f6zlerin kat\u0131lan\u0131n onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rencide edici nitelikte oldu\u011fu t\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmak[tad\u0131r].”<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucu 14\/3\/2023 tarihinde s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvurucu, darbe giri\u015fiminin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnde olaydan haberdar olmayan askerlerin kendilerine verilen emirleri yerine getirmek d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir amac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu askerlerin ma\u011fduriyetini anmak, toplumun bir kesimince ac\u0131mas\u0131zca yap\u0131lan hareketler sebebiyle duydu\u011fu \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc dile getirmek ve 15 Temmuz 2016 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fehit olan vatanda\u015flar\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak amac\u0131yla \u015fahsi sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131mda bulundu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. M\u00fc\u015ftekinin masum askerlere insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muamelede bulunulan bir alanda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde oldu\u011funu, bu nedenle sarf etti\u011fi s\u00f6zlerin muhatab\u0131n\u0131n ve hedefinin m\u00fc\u015fteki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fc\u015ftekiye kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zlerin hakaret olarak nitelendirilerek adli para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurucu ayr\u0131ca; yeterli gerek\u00e7e olu\u015fturulmadan h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesinin gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131, aleyhine h\u00fckmedilen adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek zorunda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n ise m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011fi konusunda yap\u0131lacak incelemede Anayasa ve ilgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, Anayasa Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ve somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu kar\u015f\u0131 beyan dilek\u00e7esinde, ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011fil m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda da incelenmesi gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek ba\u015fvuru formundaki iddialar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvuru, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
12. Somut ba\u015fvuruda sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m sebebiyle ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu mahkeme karar\u0131 ile ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunulmu\u015ftur. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 125. maddesinin kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f, m\u00fcdahalenin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belirlemenin ard\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygunluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelenecektir.<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde korunan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan orant\u0131l\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale olmas\u0131 gerekir (Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 53-55; Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131n [GK], B. No: 2013\/9343, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 70-72). Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru amac\u0131 olan m\u00fc\u015ftekinin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan bu haklar aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131labilecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler genel olarak \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
i. \u0130fadeleri kimin dile getirdi\u011fi (Nihat Zeybekci [1.B.], B. No: 2015\/5633, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 29; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu [1.B.], B. No: 2014\/1577, 25\/10\/2017, \u00a7 59)<\/p>\n
ii. Hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu, \u00fcnl\u00fcl\u00fck derecesi ile ilgili ki\u015finin \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, katlanmas\u0131 gereken, kabul edilebilir ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n sade bir vatanda\u015f ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha geni\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kamusal yetki kullanan bir g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Ali Suat Ertosun (7) [1.B.], B. No: 2014\/1416, 15\/10\/2015, \u00a7 36; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2018\/17635, 26\/7\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 128, 129; Nilg\u00fcn Halloran [2.B.], B. No: 2012\/1184, 16\/7\/2014, \u00a7 45; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2)[1.B.], B. No: 2013\/5574, 30\/6\/2014, \u00a7 82; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2013\/6617, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin siyaset\u00e7i olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin bulundu\u011fu kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 66, 67; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2) [GK], B. No: 2013\/8503, 27\/10\/2015, \u00a7 56; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 59-61),<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130fadelerin genel yarara ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamuoyu ile di\u011fer ki\u015filerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 69; \u00c7etin Do\u011fan (2) [GK], B. No: 2014\/3494, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 62; Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 56; Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7\u00a7 60-66; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 66-73; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 32),<\/p>\n
iv. Kamuyu bilgilendirme de\u011feri, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve konunun g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Seray \u015eahiner \u00d6zkan [1.B.], B. No: 2016\/6439, 9\/6\/2021, \u00a7 44; \u0130brahim Okur (2)[1.B.], B. No: 2018\/12363, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 28),<\/p>\n
v. \u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Temel Co\u015fkun[1.B.], B. No: 2017\/1632, 29\/1\/2020, \u00a7 33; \u015eaban Sevin\u00e7 (2) [1.B.], B. No: 2016\/36777, 26\/5\/2021, \u00a7 42; Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 39),<\/p>\n
vi. \u0130fadelerin hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi (Ali Suat Ertosun (2) [2.B.], B. No: 2013\/1592, 20\/5\/2015, \u00a7 33; H\u00fcseyin Kocab\u0131y\u0131k [1.B.], B. No: 2020\/15593, 22\/11\/2022, \u00a7 24),<\/p>\n
vii. Cezaland\u0131rmaya konu edilen ifadelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131ndan kopart\u0131l\u0131p kopart\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Nilg\u00fcn Halloran, \u00a7 52; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7\u00a7 62, 63; \u00d6nder Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 [2. B.], B. No: 2014\/6009, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7 45, Nihat Zeybekci, \u00a7 36),<\/p>\n
viii. Ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalma endi\u015fesinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yarat\u0131p yaratmayaca\u011f\u0131 (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Erg\u00fcn Poyraz (2), \u00a7 79; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi [1.B.], B. No: 2014\/12482, 8\/5\/2019, \u00a7 46),<\/p>\n
ix. Dava konusu s\u00f6ylemlerin maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 veya de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyece\u011fi (Durmu\u015f Fikri Sa\u011flar (2) [GK], B. No: 2017\/29735, 17\/3\/2021, \u00a7 50; Deniz Karadeniz ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2014\/18001, 6\/2\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 48-49).<\/p>\n
14. Bu kapsamda yukar\u0131da yer verilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerden somut olayla do\u011frudan ilgili olan; ba\u015fvuru konusu ifadelerin ba\u011flam\u0131, hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kimli\u011fi, ifadelerin de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 veya olgu isnad\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nitelemesi ile derece mahkemelerinin bu konuda ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e sunup sunmad\u0131klar\u0131 hususlar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa Mahkemesi maddi olgular ile de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dikkatli bir ayr\u0131ma gidilmesi, maddi olgular ispatlanabilse de de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ispatlaman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir (\u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 64).<\/p>\n
16. Ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmada ba\u015fvurucu ne T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerine ne de m\u00fc\u015ftekiye kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir kas\u0131t ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sosyal medyada \u015fahs\u0131na sata\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 neticesinde bahsi ge\u00e7en payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fteki ile daha \u00f6nceden tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve sohbetlerinde m\u00fc\u015ftekinin Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (M\u0130T) ile irtibatl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir. Davada dinlenen di\u011fer tan\u0131k da ba\u015fvurucuyla ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde m\u00fc\u015ftekinin M\u0130T’le irtibat\u0131 oldu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik s\u00f6ylemi oldu\u011funu do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun masum askerlerin lin\u00e7 edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla ba\u015flayan tart\u0131\u015fma, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin silahs\u0131z insanlara acemi olmayan askerlerce kur\u015fun s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki cevab\u0131yla devam etmi\u015ftir. Taraflar aras\u0131nda birbirlerinin siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine de y\u00f6nelik ithamlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve son olarak ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan “Siz vatan\u0131n \u00f6z evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 lin\u00e7 edecek kadar su\u00e7suz askeri \u00f6\u011frencilerin bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 kesip cezaevine atacak kadar gaddar ve hainsiniz.” \u015feklinde ifade kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu ifadenin m\u00fc\u015ftekinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fmada sarf etti\u011fi s\u00f6zlere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan ise kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin muhatab\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fteki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fc\u015ftekiyi hedef almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. M\u00fc\u015ftekiyi \u015fahsen tan\u0131mas\u0131 sebebiyle bahsi ge\u00e7en eylemleri m\u00fc\u015ftekinin yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da bilincinde oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. Ba\u015fvurucunun hedefinin masum olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi asker\u00ee \u00f6\u011frencilere insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muamelede bulundu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi bir zihniyet oldu\u011fu ve ba\u015fvurucuya g\u00f6re bu zihniyetin gaddar ve hain oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Nitekim ba\u015fvurucu, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bir toplulu\u011fu kastetmek amac\u0131yla Siz kelimesini kullanm\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fc\u015ftekiyi de kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeleri nedeniyle bu gruba d\u00e2hil ederek gaddar ve hain olmakla itham etmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ba\u015fvurucunun 15 Temmuz darbe giri\u015fiminde yer alan askerlerin masum oldu\u011funa dair payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygulara kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc\u015ftekiyi an\u0131lan s\u00f6zlerle itham etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
19. Somut olayda Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmetti\u011fi karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde gaddar ve hain kelimelerinin TDK’daki anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek s\u00f6z konusu ifadelerin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine ula\u015f\u0131p ba\u015fvurucunun beraatine karar vermi\u015ftir. Bu karar\u0131 kald\u0131rarak ba\u015fvurucunun adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na h\u00fckmeden B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi ise kullan\u0131lan ifadeleri olgu isnad\u0131 olarak kabul etmi\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucunun hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
20. \u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki ba\u015fvurucunun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gaddar ve hain s\u00f6zleri bir olgu isnad\u0131 de\u011fil de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun bu \u015fekilde de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7eren ifadelerde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n temelinin ne oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in isetart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n geneline bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca tart\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lan taraflar\u0131n konumu, kendilerine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin neden ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funun tespiti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. \u00d6te yandan ba\u015fvurucunun cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilirken cezan\u0131n neden gerekli oldu\u011fu hususunda bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da elzemdir.<\/p>\n
21. B\u00f6lge Adli Mahkemesi, hukuka uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinin karar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p yeni bir karar verirken ihtilafl\u0131 ifadelerin bir tart\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda dile getirildi\u011fini g\u00f6zetmi\u015f, bununla birlikte ba\u015fvurucunun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadelerin kat\u0131lana kar\u015f\u0131 bir olgu isnad\u0131 oldu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Oysa yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere ba\u015fvurucunun ifadelerinin tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe y\u00f6nelik bir de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131ndan ibaret oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131labilmektedir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ba\u015fvurucu kat\u0131lan\u0131, masum asker\u00ee \u00f6\u011frencilerin bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 kesme ve ceza infaz kurumuna atma eylemlerinden sorumlu tutmamakta, savundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f nedeniyle bu eylemleri yapanlar kadar gaddar ve hain olmakla nitelemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131nda yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan di\u011fer ilgili dengeleme \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
22. Sonu\u00e7 olarak B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurdu\u011fundan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi, Mahkemenin gerek\u00e7esinin ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ilgili ve yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
23. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
24. Ba\u015fvurucu, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi ve 50.000 TL maddi ve 50.000 TL manevi tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
25. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen anayasal hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar ve zorunluluk bulunmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 148. ve 153. maddeleri ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 50. ve 66. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca ihlal karar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flat\u0131p Anayasa Mahkemesinin ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere ve gerek\u00e7elere uygun bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek yarg\u0131lama sonunda hak ihlalinin nedenlerini gidererek yeni bir karar vermektir (yeniden yarg\u0131lama konusunda bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
26. \u00d6te yandan hak ihlali karar\u0131ndan Anayasa Mahkemesinin davan\u0131n sonucuyla ilgili olarak bir tutum sergiledi\u011fi sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesince verilen hak ihlali karar\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olup davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, reddine ya da beraate veya mahk\u00fbmiyete karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Kural olarak, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek \u00fczere yeniden yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lama sonunda da delillerin dava ile ili\u015fkisini kurma ve bunlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirip sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi ilgili mahkemelere aittir (Hasan Sar\u0131c\u0131 [GK], B. No: 2018\/37695, 9\/10\/2024, \u00a7 55).<\/p>\n
27. Ayr\u0131ca, ihlalin t\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurucuya toplam 34.000 TL manevi tazminat\u0131n \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere Sakarya B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 6. Ceza Dairesine (E.2022\/788, K.2023\/450) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvurucuya net 34.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE, tazminata ili\u015fkin di\u011fer taleplerin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 1.480,40 TL har\u00e7 ve 30.000 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinde olu\u015fan toplam 31.480,40 TLyarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demenin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 27\/5\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 27\/5\/2025 tarihli ve 2023\/30553 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR TUNA CAN KIRBA\u015e BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2023\/30553) Karar Tarihi: 27\/5\/2025 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN Muhterem \u0130NCE Raport\u00f6r : Yusuf KARABULAK Ba\u015fvurucu : Tuna Can KIRBA\u015e Vekili : Av. Nail Dursun KIRBA\u015e I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m sebebiyle adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Ba\u015fvurucu 15\/7\/2021 tarihinde sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan 15 Temmuz 2016’da Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde darbedilen Hava Harp Okulunda g\u00f6revli erlere ait oldu\u011funu beyan etti\u011fi bir foto\u011fraf payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu foto\u011fraf\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na da T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri \u0130\u00e7 Hizmet Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 8. maddesi oldu\u011funu belirtti\u011fi “Ast; \u00e2mirin her emrini b\u00fct\u00fcn tahamm\u00fcl kuvvetini, sarf ederek istekle ve tam zaman\u0131nda yapmaya mecburdur.” \u015feklindeki metne yer vermi\u015f, devam\u0131nda da “Kendi askerini lin\u00e7 eden tek millet olarak tarihe ge\u00e7tik..” \u015feklinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini eklemi\u015ftir. Bu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n alt\u0131na ba\u015fvurucuyla tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan ve sosyal medyadan arkada\u015f\u0131 olan \u0130.D. (m\u00fc\u015fteki\/kat\u0131lan) taraf\u0131ndan “Sen o y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi okumam\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, bi yerden kopyala yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r yapm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n. ister madde madde atay\u0131m istersen wp dan PDF atay\u0131m. T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131na kur\u015fun s\u0131kan asker de\u011fildir. MADDE 8’in konu ile alakas\u0131 yoktur. madde 19,20,21 ve 22 ele al\u0131nabilir. bunlar da gayet a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. silahs\u0131za …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-142446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n