T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
MEMET KO\u00c7ARSLAN BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/28200)<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 26\/2\/2025<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
G\u00fcls\u00fcm Gizem G\u00dcRSOY<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Memet KO\u00c7ARSLAN<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Behl\u00fcl AKSAY<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU <\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 22\/3\/2022 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR <\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurucunun mensubu oldu\u011fu Galatasaray Spor Kul\u00fcb\u00fc Derne\u011fi (Dernek) 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re derne\u011fin amac\u0131; Galatasaray Lisesi \u00f6\u011frencileri ile derne\u011fe \u00fcye olanlar\u0131n sportif geli\u015fmelerini sa\u011flamak, spor e\u011fitimi ve ahlak\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda sevgi ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 artt\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucu, ayn\u0131 zamanda M. isimli \u015firketin orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. M. \u015eirketi ile dernek aras\u0131nda 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyeti derne\u011fe ait olan Galatasaray Adas\u0131’n\u0131n (Ada) i\u015fletimi i\u00e7in kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yenilenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede adan\u0131n dernek \u00fcyelerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu, adaya giri\u015fin ve adada bulunan havuzun kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretsiz oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. M. \u015eirketi 18\/1\/2016 tarihinde derne\u011fe noterden ihtarname g\u00f6ndererek adada bulunan havlular i\u00e7in 20 TL, \u015fezlonglar i\u00e7in ise 25 TL \u00fccret al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan ihtarnamede \u015firket yetkilisi olarak ba\u015fvurucunun ismi ve imzas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine dernek, noter vas\u0131tas\u0131yla 7\/6\/2016 ve 17\/8\/2016 tarihlerinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00fccret al\u0131mlar\u0131 ile adada bulunun restoran kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n G. isimli f\u0131rsat sitesinden sat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki uygulamalara son verilmesini ihtar etmi\u015f, uygulamalar\u0131n devam etmesi \u00fczerine 25\/10\/2016 tarihinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle akdin feshi ihbar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvuruya konu yarg\u0131lama tarihinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshi ve \u015firketin adadan tahliye edilmesi davalar\u0131 derdesttir.<\/p>\n
8. Bu s\u0131rada dernek \u00fcyeleri H.A.\u00d6 ve A.\u00d6 7\/6\/2016 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu \u015firketin kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranarak dernek \u00fcyelerini ma\u011fdur etti\u011fini, bu i\u015flemlerin derne\u011fe zarar verdi\u011fini ve ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyelik onuru ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayan eylemlerde bulundu\u011funu belirterek ba\u015fvurucunun dernek disiplin kuruluna sevk edilmesini talep etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
9. Dernek disiplin kurulu 29\/6\/2016 tarihinde, B.B. isimli dernek \u00fcyesinin adaya al\u0131nmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yeti incelemi\u015ftir. Kurul, ba\u015fvurucunun aday\u0131 y\u00f6neten i\u015fletmeye tamamen h\u00e2kim oldu\u011funa kanaat getirerek ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fc\u00e7 ay s\u00fcreyle kul\u00fcp tesislerinden men edilmesi \u015feklinde hak mahrumiyeti ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Dernek disiplin kurulu 14\/7\/2016 tarihinde H.A.\u00d6 ve A.\u00d6.n\u00fcn \u015fik\u00e2yetlerini de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Kararda; ba\u015fvurucunun h\u00e2kim orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu M. \u015firketinin dernek ile i\u015fletme aras\u0131ndaki kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kul\u00fcp \u00fcyelerinin sosyal tesis kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 ve so\u011futucu h\u00e2le getiren uygulamalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Kararda; ba\u015fvurucunun kul\u00fcb\u00fcn onur ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve marka de\u011ferine zarar verdi\u011fi, \u00fcyelik onuru ile ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen eylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Galatasaray Spor Kul\u00fcb\u00fc Derne\u011fi T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fcn (T\u00fcz\u00fck) 108\/2 ve 108\/5 maddeleri uyar\u0131nca hak mahrumiyeti yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi ancak ayn\u0131 eylemler nedeniyle kendisi hakk\u0131nda hak mahrumiyeti karar\u0131 uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan (bkz.\u00a79) t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 104\/1,105, 107,108,108\/2,108\/5 ve 109\/4 (bkz.\u00a7 18-22) maddeleri uyar\u0131nca \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Dernek disiplin kurulunun ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar\u0131 dernek y\u00f6netim kurulunun 19\/7\/2016 tarihli karar\u0131yla kabul edilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan karar, dernek ola\u011fan genel kurulunun 25\/3\/2017 tarihli toplant\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucu \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvurucu 24\/4\/2017 tarihinde \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n iptali talepli dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu dava dilek\u00e7esinde; \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanak yap\u0131lan t\u00fcz\u00fck maddelerindeki eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fini, kul\u00fcp \u00fcyelerine hakaret etmedi\u011fi ve derne\u011fi zarara u\u011fratmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurucu; M. \u015firketinin sahibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ortaklar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011funu, \u015firket t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin eylemlerinden sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kald\u0131 ki \u015firket i\u015flemlerinin kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Dernek, mahkemeye sundu\u011fu cevap dilek\u00e7esinde; ba\u015fvurucunun ihrac\u0131na neden olan olaylardan birinin adada bulunan havuzu kullanmak isteyen dernek \u00fcyelerinden havlu ve \u015fezlong paras\u0131 istenmesi oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Dernek ihraca neden olan di\u011fer olay\u0131n ise adada bulunan ve sadece \u00fcyelere tahsis edilmesi gereken restoran\u0131n, G. isimli f\u0131rsat sitesinden ilan verilmek suretiyle \u00fcye olmayan ki\u015filerce kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verilmesi oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. \u0130stanbul 14. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi 18\/9\/2018 tarihinde davan\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli kararda; kul\u00fcp t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve y\u00f6netim kurulu kararlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 eylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n hak mahrumiyet cezas\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi, \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131karmaya ili\u015fkin al\u0131nan karar\u0131n yasal oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Kararda; ba\u015fvurucunun kul\u00fcp ba\u015fkan ve y\u00f6neticilerine kar\u015f\u0131 hakaret fiilini i\u015flemek, zarar verici eylemlerde bulunmak gibi dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re hi\u00e7bir eylemi bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen keyf\u00ee ve kasti bir kararla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131n yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. An\u0131lan karar\u0131n istinaf yarg\u0131 yoluna g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine; \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 4. Hukuk Dairesi 23\/9\/2021 tarihinde istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
16. Temyiz \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi 2\/2\/2022 tarihinde onama karar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. Nihai karar, ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan 23\/2\/2022 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f; ba\u015fvurucu 22\/3\/2022 tarihinde s\u00fcresinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
18. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn “Disiplin Yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Genel Esaslar” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 104. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Disiplin Kurulu, \u00f6nerece\u011fi disiplin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda hafifletici ya da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nedenlerin saptanmas\u0131 halinde, duruma g\u00f6re, yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n alt-\u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bir alt veya \u00fcst yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nermeye yetkilidir.”<\/p>\n
19. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn “Disiplin Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 105. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Disiplin su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturan eylem ve davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunanlara eylemlerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
105. 3) Hak Mahrumiyeti: Kul\u00fcp \u00fcyelisinin bir haftadan bir y\u0131la kadar kul\u00fcp tesislerinden yararlanma hakk\u0131ndan men edilmesidir.<\/p>\n
105. 4) \u00dcyelikten \u00e7\u0131karma: Kul\u00fcp \u00fcyeli\u011finin sona erdirilmesidir.”<\/p>\n
20. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn “Hak Mahrumiyeti Yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Gerektiren Eylemler” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 108. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“108. 1) \u0130lgili mevzuat, Kul\u00fcp T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fc, Y\u00f6netim Kurulu kararlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 eylem veya davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmak.<\/p>\n
108. 2) \u00dcyelerin onur veya sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verici, onlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve benzeri s\u00f6ylem veya eylem veya davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmak.<\/p>\n
108. 3) Kul\u00fcp ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, organlar ve kurullar\u0131n \u00fcyelerini ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, k\u00f6t\u00fc zan alt\u0131nda b\u0131rakacak s\u00f6ylem, eylem ve davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmak.<\/p>\n
108. 4) Ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kul\u00fcb\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layacak veya iftira niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan beyanlarla Kul\u00fcbe zarar verecek faaliyetlerde bulunmak.<\/p>\n
108. 5) Genel ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 Kul\u00fcbe zarar veren s\u00f6ylem veya eylem veya davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmak.”<\/p>\n
21. T\u00fcz\u00fck’\u00fcn “\u00dcyelikten \u00c7\u0131karma Yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Gerektiren Eylemler” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 109. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“109. 3) Kul\u00fcp Ba\u015fkan\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri ile \u00fcyelerine kar\u015f\u0131 hakaret fiili eylemde bulunmak.<\/p>\n
109. 4) Kul\u00fcb\u00fcn malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kasten zarar verici eylem veya davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmak.” <\/p>\n
22. 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 72. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Derne\u011fin zorunlu organlar\u0131, genel kurul, y\u00f6netim kurulu ve denetim kuruludur.” <\/p>\n
23. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 80. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“…Genel kurul, \u00fcyeli\u011fe kabul ve \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131karma hakk\u0131nda son karar\u0131 verir..”<\/p>\n
24. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 83. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Toplant\u0131da haz\u0131r bulunan ve kanuna veya t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak al\u0131nan genel kurul kararlar\u0131na kat\u0131lmayan her \u00fcye … mahkemeye ba\u015fvurmak suretiyle karar\u0131n iptalini isteyebilir”<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 26\/2\/2025tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvurucu; dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanak yap\u0131lan eylemlerin hi\u00e7birini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fini, \u015firket t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi ile dernek aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaftan sorumlu tutularak dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finin sonland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ile \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
27. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; yarg\u0131lama makamlar\u0131n\u0131n kararlar\u0131ndaki tespit ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7eler i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan haklar aras\u0131nda adil dengenin kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve yap\u0131lan uygulaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
28. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 33. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Herkes, \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma ve bunlara \u00fcye olma ya da \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Hi\u00e7 kimse bir derne\u011fe \u00fcye olmaya ve dernekte \u00fcye kalmaya zorlanamaz.<\/p>\n
Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve genel ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyetlerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. “<\/p>\n
29. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinin \u00f6z\u00fc dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla eldeki ba\u015fvurunun \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
1. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
30. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
a. Genel \u0130lkeler<\/p>\n
31. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bireylerin kendi menfaatlerini korumak i\u00e7in kendilerini temsil eden kolektif bir olu\u015fum i\u00e7inde bir araya gelme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bireylere topluluk h\u00e2linde siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyal ve ekonomik ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi korkmadan, engellenmeden a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, ki\u015fi topluluklar\u0131 olu\u015fturma hakk\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamaktad\u0131r (dernek hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bkz. Hint Aseel Hayvanlar\u0131 Koruma ve Geli\u015ftirme Derne\u011fi ve Hikmet Ne\u011fu\u00e7, B. No: 2014\/4711, 22\/2\/2017, \u00a7 41). Demokrasilerde vatanda\u015flar\u0131n bir araya gelerek ortak ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilece\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplumun \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fenidir. Demokrasilerde b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rg\u00fct, devlet taraf\u0131ndan sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi ve korunmas\u0131 gereken temel haklara sahiptir (Ahmet Parmaks\u0131z [GK], B. No: 2017\/29263, 22\/5\/2019, \u00a7 72; sendika hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bkz. Tayfun Cengiz, B. No: 2013\/8463, 18\/9\/2014, \u00a7 31).<\/p>\n
32. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu hakka y\u00f6nelik kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen m\u00fcdahalelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kimi durumlarda \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015filerince yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 da anayasal koruma sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devlete, m\u00fcdahalede bulunmama bi\u00e7imindeki negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerden gelebilecek m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 ilgiliye koruma sa\u011flama \u015feklindeki birtak\u0131m pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler de y\u00fcklemektedir (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. An\u0131l P\u0131nar ve \u00d6mer Bilge, B. No: 2014\/15627, 5\/10\/2017, \u00a7 36; Bar\u0131\u015f Ad\u0131g\u00fczel, B. No: 2016\/16056, 21\/4\/2021, \u00a7 29).<\/p>\n
33. Pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131nda olan devletin bireyleri koruyucu \u00f6nlemleri alma ve gerekli mekanizmalar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirme sorumlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi h\u00e2lde birtak\u0131m i\u015flemlerin ve tasarruflar\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 ya da al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi h\u00e2lde belli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmamas\u0131 devletin sorumlulu\u011funu yerine getirmedi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelecektir. Ayr\u0131ca al\u0131nacak tedbirlerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahalede bulunmalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekir. S\u00f6z konusu anlay\u0131\u015f; devlete \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 kanunlarla, yapaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerle ve alaca\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc somut tedbirlerle ki\u015filerin temel haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sorumlulu\u011fu y\u00fcklemektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale edilmesi durumunda m\u00fcdahaleye kar\u015f\u0131 itirazlar\u0131n \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fi ve m\u00fcdahalenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek ve etkili koruma temin edecek idari ve hukuksal mekanizmalar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerindendir (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. An\u0131l P\u0131nar ve \u00d6mer Bilge, \u00a7 30).<\/p>\n
34. Kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc kullanan makamlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerinde \u00f6ncelikle Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini g\u00f6zetmeleri zorunludur. Nitekim Anayasa’n\u0131n 11. maddesinde Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131, idare makamlar\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer kurulu\u015f ve ki\u015fileri ba\u011flayan temel hukuk kurallar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan Anayasa’n\u0131n 138. maddesine g\u00f6re h\u00e2kimler, Anayasa’ya, kanuna ve hukuka uygun olarak vicdani kanaatlerine g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm verir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131n uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini dikkate alarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmalar\u0131 anayasal bir zorunluluktur. Bu ba\u011flamda bireysel ba\u015fvurunun ikincilli\u011fi ilkesi, Anayasa Mahkemesinin ilk elden yani do\u011frudan inceleme yapmamas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi gibi esas itibar\u0131yla idari ve yarg\u0131sal makamlar\u0131n \u00f6nlerindeki meseleleri ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle Anayasa’ya uygun bi\u00e7imde sonuca ba\u011flamalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden birincil derecede sorumlu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6zellikle temel kanunlarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve iyi niyet kurallar\u0131, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 gibi genel ilkeler ile baz\u0131 h\u00e2llerde olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine ve durumun gereklerine g\u00f6re h\u00e2kime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131nmas\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde Anayasa’ya uygun yorum imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131yan s\u00f6z konusu etkili hukuksal koruman\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ister \u00f6zel ki\u015filer aras\u0131 ister taraflardan birinin kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar olsun her durumda h\u00e2kimin hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 Anayasa’ya uygun bir bi\u00e7imde yorumlamas\u0131 ve yarg\u0131 yetkisinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6zellikle Anayasa ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmesi beklenmektedir (baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte bkz. Mehmet Apayd\u0131n, B. No: 2015\/13099, 8\/1\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 46, 47).<\/p>\n
35. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle Anayasa’ya uygun yorum ilkesi h\u00e2kimin hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 yorumlama serbest\u00eesinin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u00e2kimin bir hukuk kural\u0131n\u0131n anlam ve kapsam\u0131n\u0131 tespit ederken Anayasa’y\u0131 ve anayasal ilkeleri hesaba katmamas\u0131 Anayasa’n\u0131n normlar hiyerar\u015fisinin tepesinde yer almas\u0131n\u0131 anlams\u0131z h\u00e2le getirir. Bu ba\u011flamda Anayasa k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalan bir metin de\u011fil ya\u015fayan, hukuk sistemini y\u00f6nlendiren, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kamusal tasarrufta g\u00f6zetilmesi gereken hukuki bir belgedir (Mehmet Fatih Bulucu [GK], B. No: 2019\/26274, 27\/10\/2022, \u00a7 76). Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak h\u00e2kimin maddi hukuk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygularken temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlere ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini ve g\u00fcvenceleri \u00f6ncelikle dikkate almas\u0131 anayasal bir gerekliliktir.<\/p>\n
36. Derece mahkemelerinin olay\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha avantajl\u0131 konumda bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesinin rol\u00fc ise bu kurallar\u0131n yorumunun Anayasa\u2019ya uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nemle de\u011finmek gerekir ki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ne kadar Anayasa\u2019da yer alan temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri ilgilendirirse Anayasa Mahkemesinin bireysel ba\u015fvuru kapsam\u0131nda bu hak veya h\u00fcrriyete ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini ve g\u00fcvencelerini denetleme yetkisi o kadar artar. Anayasa Mahkemesinin temel g\u00f6revi, Anayasa\u2019da yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yeknesak ve do\u011fru bir bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle Anayasa Mahkemesi, derece mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan izlenen usul\u00fc denetlemek ve \u00f6zellikle mahkemelerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesindeki g\u00fcvenceleri g\u00f6zetip g\u00f6zetmedi\u011fini belirlemekle yetinmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan incelemede, onlar\u0131n yeri al\u0131nmamakta; kamusal makamlar\u0131n s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7indeki tutumlar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenceler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmektedir (sendika hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. T\u00fcrkiye G\u0131da ve \u015eeker Sanayi \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131, B. No: 2016\/13328, 19\/11\/2020, \u00a7 40; T\u00fcrkiye Petrol, Kimya ve Lastik Sanayi \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131, B. No: 2016\/13351, 15\/12\/2020, \u00a7 40; Ahmet Sefa Topuz ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2016\/16056, 21\/4\/2021, \u00a7 57; Muharrem \u00c7imen [GK], B. No: 2016\/5002, 23\/3\/2023, \u00a7 42).<\/p>\n
37. Bununla birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn gerektirdi\u011fi pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin yerine getirildi\u011finden s\u00f6z edilebilmesi i\u00e7in her iki taraf\u0131n menfaatlerinin de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca dengelenmesi ve taraflardan biri aleyhine \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir sonuca yol a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir. Menfaatler dengesinin kurulmas\u0131nda taraflardan biri aleyhine bireysel olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir k\u00fclfetin y\u00fcklenmesi, pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin ihlali sonucunu do\u011furabilir. Olay\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve taraflara tan\u0131nan t\u00fcm imk\u00e2nlar ile taraflar\u0131n tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak menfaatlerin adil bir \u015fekilde dengelenip dengelenmedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir ( benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Faik Tari ve Sultan Tari, B. No: 2014\/12321, 20\/7\/2017, \u00a7 52; Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2019\/16400, 28\/7\/2022, \u00a7 61). Bu noktada Anayasa Mahkemesinin yapaca\u011f\u0131 inceleme, ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davada devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn gerektirdi\u011fi \u015fekilde yarg\u0131sal bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle mahkemelerin kararlar\u0131n\u0131n konuyla ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7e i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
b. \u0130lkelerin Olaya Uygulanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
38. Eldeki ba\u015fvuruda ba\u015fvurucu, dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dernek ise \u00e7\u0131karma sebebi olarak ba\u015fvurucunun sorumlu oldu\u011fu \u015firketin dernek ile aralar\u0131ndaki kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kul\u00fcp \u00fcyelerini sosyal tesislerden gerekti\u011fi \u015fekilde yararland\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kul\u00fcp \u00fcyesi olmayanlar\u0131n ise tesislere al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
39. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanak yap\u0131lan t\u00fcz\u00fck maddelerinin birinin “\u00fcyelerin onur veya sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verici, onlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve benzeri s\u00f6ylem veya eylem veya davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmak”, di\u011ferinin ise “genel ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 Kul\u00fcbe zarar veren s\u00f6ylem veya eylem veya davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmak” oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
40. Dernek \u00f6zerkli\u011fi, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcyelerini se\u00e7mekte de \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmalar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu kapsamda dernekler t\u00fcz\u00fcklerini serbest\u00e7e d\u00fczenleyip istedikleri ki\u015fileri \u00fcye kaydedebilir, \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131karabilir yahut \u00fcyelik taleplerini reddedebilir ancak bu haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmay\u0131p keyf\u00ee uygulamalara neden olmamal\u0131, bireysel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
41. \u0130lgili t\u00fcz\u00fckteki d\u00fczenlemeler bir b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2linde de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde bir dernek \u00fcyesinin di\u011fer \u00fcyelere ve derne\u011fe y\u00f6nelik zarar verici davran\u0131\u015flardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmak istendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. An\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelerin dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finde disiplinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ve dernek d\u00fczenini korumaya y\u00f6nelik tedbirler oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Derneklerin demokratik toplumdaki yeri nedeniyle kolektif \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn toplumsal \u00f6nemi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n terazinin di\u011fer kefesinde yer alan ve bireylerin kendi menfaatlerini korumak i\u00e7in kendilerini temsil eden kolektif bir olu\u015fum i\u00e7inde bir araya gelme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihtiva eden bireysel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r. Demokratik toplumlarda \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011fun sa\u011flanmas\u0131, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n demokratik s\u00fcrece kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 ile birbiriyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmelerini sa\u011flayan ve ortak ama\u00e7lara hizmet eden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelere mensup olma suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Bu nedenle bireylerin ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin haklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir taraf\u0131n aleyhine olmayacak \u015fekilde \u00e7ok dikkatli bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
42. O h\u00e2lde mahkeme kararlar\u0131nda bireysel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile kolektif \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn dengelenip dengelenmedi\u011fine bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dernek genel kurul karar\u0131nda, ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fahs\u0131na y\u00f6nelik do\u011frudan atfedilen bir eylem bulunmamakla birlikte; ba\u015fvurucunun orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu M. \u015firketi ile dernek aras\u0131nda imzalanan kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n dernek \u00fcyelerine ve dernek t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine zarar verdi\u011fi ve ba\u015fvurucunun bundan sorumlu tutulabilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Mahkemelerce de farkl\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirmede bulunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n bu gerek\u00e7eler uygun bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
43. Bir dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131karma karar\u0131n\u0131n temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ihlaline neden olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcyelik ili\u015fkisinin devam ettirilmesini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen ve do\u011frudan en a\u011f\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan sebeplerin dernek ve daha sonra denetleme yapan mahkemelerce hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde ortaya konulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir (sendika hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. (Sonay Tezcan ve Kardelen Yo\u011fungan [2.B.], B. No: 2018\/24097, 2\/5\/2023, \u00a7 63). Eldeki ba\u015fvuruda; ba\u015fvurucunun orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015firketle dernek aras\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fka hukuki ili\u015fkiden kaynakl\u0131 akde ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k temelli sorunlarla, ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden kaynaklanan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruldu\u011fu ve bunun sonucunda ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ne \u015fekilde karar verildi\u011fi konusunda mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
44. Anlat\u0131lanlar kapsam\u0131nda mahkemelerce ba\u015fvurucunun \u015firket eylemlerinden sorumlu tutularak derne\u011fe zarar verdi\u011fi karar\u0131n\u0131n uygun bulunmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeli\u011finin son bulmas\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun bireysel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile derne\u011fin kolektif \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemeyecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn gerektirdi\u011fi d\u00fczeyde yeterli bir yarg\u0131sal inceleme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, gerek\u00e7elerinin ilgili ve yeterli oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenlerle devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getiremedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
45. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
VI. G\u0130DER\u0130M<\/p>\n
46. Ba\u015fvurucu; ihlalin tespit edilmesi ile yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
47. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen anayasal hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar ve zorunluluk bulunmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 148. ve 153. maddeleri ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 50. ve 66. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca ihlal karar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flat\u0131p Anayasa Mahkemesinin ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere ve gerek\u00e7elere uygun bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek yarg\u0131lama sonunda hak ihlalinin nedenlerini gidererek yeni bir karar vermektir (yeniden yarg\u0131lama konusunda bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
48. \u00d6te yandan hak ihlali karar\u0131ndan Anayasa Mahkemesinin davan\u0131n sonucuyla ilgili olarak bir tutum sergiledi\u011fi sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesince verilen hak ihlali karar\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olup davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, reddine ya da beraate veya mahk\u00fbmiyete karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Kural olarak, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek \u00fczere yeniden yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lama sonunda da delillerin dava ile ili\u015fkisini kurma ve bunlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirip sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi ilgili mahkemelere aittir.<\/p>\n
VII. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE Muhterem \u0130NCE’nin kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla \u0130stanbul 14. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine (E.2017\/173, K.2018\/359) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. 664,10 TL har\u00e7 ve 30.000 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 30.664,10 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
F. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 26\/2\/2025 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan, ba\u015fvurucunun orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015firketle dernek aras\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fka hukuki ili\u015fkiden kaynakl\u0131 akde ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k temelli sorunlarla, ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden kaynaklanan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruldu\u011fu ve bunun sonucunda ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ne \u015fekilde karar verildi\u011fi konusunda mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili ve yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u00c7o\u011funluk karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu olay\u0131n olgusal olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve bu de\u011ferlendirme sonras\u0131 dernek ile bireyin menfaatleri aras\u0131ndaki dengenin biri aleyhine bozulup bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvurucu hem Galatasaray Spor Kul\u00fcb\u00fc Derne\u011finin \u00fcyesi hem de m\u00fclkiyeti derne\u011fe ait olan Galatasaray Adas\u0131’n\u0131n (Ada) i\u015fletimi i\u00e7in Dernekle s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalayan M. isimli \u015firketin orta\u011f\u0131 ve temsilcisidir.<\/p>\n
4. M. \u015eirketi 18\/1\/2016 tarihinde derne\u011fe noterden ihtarname g\u00f6ndererek adada bulunan havlular i\u00e7in 20 TL, \u015fezlonglar i\u00e7in ise 25 TL \u00fccret al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan ihtarnamede \u015firket yetkilisi olarak ba\u015fvurucunun ismi ve imzas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine dernek, noter vas\u0131tas\u0131yla 7\/6\/2016 ve 17\/8\/2016 tarihlerinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00fccret al\u0131mlar\u0131 ile adada bulunun restoran kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n G. isimli f\u0131rsat sitesinden sat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki uygulamalara son verilmesini ihtar etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Belirtilen eylemlere devam edilmesi \u00fczerine \u015firketin yetkilisi ve dernek \u00fcyesi hakk\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 ay s\u00fcreyle hak mahrumiyeti cezas\u0131 verilmi\u015f, uygulamalar\u0131n devam etmesi \u00fczerine 25\/10\/2016 tarihinde Dernek taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle akdin feshi ihbar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
6. Dernek \u00fcyelerinin adan\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda ma\u011fdur edilmeye devam edilmesi \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Kararda; ba\u015fvurucunun h\u00e2kim orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu M. \u015firketinin dernek ile i\u015fletme aras\u0131ndaki kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kul\u00fcp \u00fcyelerinin sosyal tesis kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 ve so\u011futucu h\u00e2le getiren uygulamalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. \u00d6te yandan kararda; ba\u015fvurucunun kul\u00fcb\u00fcn onur ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve marka de\u011ferine zarar verdi\u011fi, \u00fcyelik onuru ile ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen eylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 108\/2 ve 108\/5 maddeleri uyar\u0131nca hak mahrumiyeti yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi ancak ayn\u0131 eylemler nedeniyle kendisi hakk\u0131nda hak mahrumiyeti karar\u0131 uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ilgili maddeleri uyar\u0131nca \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fleminin iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada ilk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun \u015firket yetkilisi oldu\u011fu tespitine yer vererek de\u011ferlendirme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. T\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde; derne\u011fe g\u00f6nderilen ihtarnamede ba\u015fvurucunun \u015firket yetkilisi olarak isminin ve imzas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, derne\u011fin hem hak mahrumiyeti hem de \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemlerini tesis ederken ba\u015fvurucuyu \u015firketin yetkilisi olarak belirtti\u011fi ve son olarak ilk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131nda da ba\u015fvurucunun \u015firket yetkilisi oldu\u011funun ifade edildi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla derne\u011fin hem \u00fcyesi hem de \u015firketin yetkilisi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 eylemiyle dernek \u00fcyeli\u011fine ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Ger\u00e7ekten de ba\u015fvurucunun hem dernek \u00fcyesi hem de derne\u011fin s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisi kurdu\u011fu \u015firketin temsilcisi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finin gerektirdi\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Bu itibarla ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131lamada ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7e oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 26\/2\/2025 tarihli ve 2022\/28200 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR MEMET KO\u00c7ARSLAN BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/28200) Karar Tarihi: 26\/2\/2025 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN Muhterem \u0130NCE Raport\u00f6r : G\u00fcls\u00fcm Gizem G\u00dcRSOY Ba\u015fvurucu : Memet KO\u00c7ARSLAN Vekili : Av. Behl\u00fcl AKSAY I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, ba\u015fvurucunun dernek \u00fcyeli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 22\/3\/2022 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir: 5. Ba\u015fvurucunun mensubu oldu\u011fu Galatasaray Spor Kul\u00fcb\u00fc Derne\u011fi (Dernek) 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re derne\u011fin amac\u0131; Galatasaray Lisesi \u00f6\u011frencileri ile derne\u011fe \u00fcye olanlar\u0131n sportif geli\u015fmelerini sa\u011flamak, spor e\u011fitimi ve ahlak\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda sevgi ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 artt\u0131rmakt\u0131r. 6. Ba\u015fvurucu, ayn\u0131 zamanda M. isimli \u015firketin orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. M. \u015eirketi ile dernek aras\u0131nda 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyeti derne\u011fe ait olan Galatasaray Adas\u0131’n\u0131n (Ada) i\u015fletimi i\u00e7in kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yenilenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede adan\u0131n dernek \u00fcyelerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu, adaya giri\u015fin ve adada …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n