T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n
19. Ceza Dairesi<\/p>\n
2020\/6868 E., 2021\/1703 K.<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
Divamagazin, finansgundem, internethaber, medyafaresi, medyaradar, sabah, turkiyehaber merkezi isimli internet sitesi adreslerinde yay\u0131nlanan haberlerin i\u00e7eri\u011fine y\u00f6nelik ilgilisi … vekili taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan eri\u015fimin engellenmesi talebinin reddine dair \u0130stanbul 12. Sulh Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011finin 18\/02\/2020 tarihli ve 2020\/1041 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itiraz\u0131n reddine ili\u015fkin \u0130stanbul 1. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011finin 05\/03\/2020 tarihli ve 2020\/1282 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 aleyhine, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n 27.10.2020 g\u00fcn ve 8507 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun yarar\u0131na bozma istemini i\u00e7eren yaz\u0131s\u0131 ekindeki dava dosyas\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 17.11.2020 g\u00fcn ve KYB. 2020\/100935 say\u0131l\u0131 ihbarnamesi ile dairemize g\u00f6nderilmekle okundu.<\/p>\n
An\u0131lan ihbarnamede;<\/p>\n
Dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, yukar\u0131da belirtilen internet sitelerinde yap\u0131lan haber ve payla\u015f\u0131mlar sebebiyle ilgilisi vekili taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015fimin engellenmesi talebinde bulunulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130stanbul 12. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fince eri\u015fimin engellenmesi talep edilen haberlerde ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve yay\u0131n i\u00e7eriklerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama h\u00fcrriyeti kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi ile talebin reddine karar verilmi\u015f ise de, dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, ba\u015fvuru sahibinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir olay sonras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcre yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendisi hakk\u0131nda 2018 y\u0131l\u0131na ait farkl\u0131 tarihlerde bahse konu sitelerde payla\u015f\u0131lan ”intihar etti\u011fine dair” yaz\u0131 i\u00e7eriklerinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren belirli bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mi\u015f olup, an\u0131lan yaz\u0131lara halen ula\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fvuru sahibinin \u015feref ve haysiyetini zedeleyici nitelikte oldu\u011fu, yaz\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011finin ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvuran\u0131n istememesine ra\u011fmen, ge\u00e7mi\u015finde yer eden olumsuz tecr\u00fcbelere dair yaz\u0131lara, toplum taraf\u0131ndan istenen her anda kolayl\u0131kla ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvuran\u0131n ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fi, ilgili haber i\u00e7eriklerinin bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi, ba\u015fvurucunun unutulma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve haberin g\u00fcncellik de\u011ferini kaybetti\u011fi, bu nedenle haber i\u00e7eriklerinin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, itiraz\u0131n kabul\u00fc yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde reddine karar verilmesinde isabet g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, gerek\u00e7esiyle 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununun 309. maddesi uyar\u0131nca an\u0131lan karar\u0131n kanun yarar\u0131na bozulmas\u0131 isteminde bulunulmakla,<\/p>\n
Gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:
\n5651 say\u0131l\u0131 “\u0130nternet Ortam\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi ve Bu Yay\u0131nlar Yoluyla \u0130\u015flenen Su\u00e7larla M\u00fccadele Edilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun”un “i\u00e7eri\u011fin yay\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve eri\u015fimin engellenmesi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 9\/(1). maddesinin uygulanma \u015fartlar\u0131;<\/p>\n
– \u0130nternet ortam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir yay\u0131n olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
– \u0130nternet ortam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yay\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finde, ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesidir.<\/p>\n
Ki\u015filik Haklar\u0131; \u00d6zel hukukta ki\u015finin do\u011fumla birlikte kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fczerine ki\u015fisel geli\u015fimiyle birlikte her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yeni de\u011ferler katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011finin, maddi ve manevi b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, isminin, mesleki kariyerinin, ailesinin ve hatta sosyal \u00e7evresinin ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, k\u0131sacas\u0131 kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yolunda elde etti\u011fi t\u00fcm kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ve menfaatlerinin, hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. Medeni hukuk kapsam\u0131nda ki\u015filik haklar\u0131, kategorik anlamda mutlak haklar i\u00e7inde yer alan, her zaman varolan, zamanla t\u00fckenmeyen, herkese kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilen, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 ve devredilemeyen haklardand\u0131r.
\n\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; insan\u0131n diledi\u011fi \u015fekil, zaman ve ko\u015fulda, herhangi bir bask\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlama veya zorlama alt\u0131nda kalmadan bilgi ve fikir sahibi olma, \u00f6zg\u00fcrce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalmadan a\u00e7\u0131klama, muhatab\u0131na iletme ve yayma imkan\u0131n\u0131n elinde bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
O halde ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temel unsurlar\u0131;<\/p>\n
– Bilgiye, yorum ve de\u011ferlendirmelere, mesaj veya habere \u00f6zg\u00fcrce eri\u015febilme,<\/p>\n
– Herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama, bask\u0131 veya y\u00f6nlendirme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kanaat ve fikir sahibi olma,<\/p>\n
– Sahip olunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaati \u00f6zg\u00fcrce a\u00e7\u0131klayabilme ve yayma imkan\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 olarak say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, insanlar\u0131n bilgiye ula\u015fma ve fikir elde edebilme y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lardan olan bas\u0131n\u0131n, yaz\u0131l\u0131, g\u00f6rsel veya i\u015fitsel ara\u00e7larla sundu\u011fu ve kamu hizmetini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yolunda sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn var olmas\u0131 demek; ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan gelebilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc m\u00fcdahaleye ve bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131rf toplumu ayd\u0131nlatmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi faaliyetleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen bir tak\u0131m olumsuz durumlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma veya haks\u0131z bir yapt\u0131r\u0131mla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma endi\u015fesi duymadan, \u00f6zg\u00fcrce g\u00f6revini yerine getirebilmesi demektir.<\/p>\n
Bas\u0131n\u0131n, geni\u015f imkanlar\u0131 olan bir organizasyon olmas\u0131, ona bireylere nazaran daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir muhatap say\u0131s\u0131 (kitlesi) sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bas\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131rken muhatab\u0131 \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkinin boyutlar\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe bir kamu hizmeti ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kla birlikte bah\u015fedilen g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi, yap\u0131lan i\u015ften do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011fun da b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcphesiz ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de di\u011fer temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerde oldu\u011fu gibi s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z de\u011fildir. \u0130fade ve Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131, ba\u015fta Anayasa ve A\u0130HS’nin 10\/2. maddesi olmak \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 ve ulusal mevzuatta d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hemen her temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan genel bir tak\u0131m kriterlerin her somut olayda ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011finin tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Hukuk tekni\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6zetilmesi gereken kriterler;<\/p>\n
– S\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 (yasal bir dayana\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131),<\/p>\n
– S\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru bir amaca hizmet etmesi (A\u0130HS’de veya i\u00e7 hukukta yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131),<\/p>\n
– S\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n demokratik toplum gereklerine uygun olmas\u0131 (demokratik ve bilin\u00e7li bir toplumda yap\u0131lacak s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n normal g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve sayg\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131)<\/p>\n
– S\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u0130HS’nin 10. maddesinde bir temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck olarak kabul edilen ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, objektif olarak belirlenmi\u015f istisnai durumlarda s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. A\u0130HS’nin 10\/2. maddesinde yer alan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebepleri;<\/p>\n
– Ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Kamu d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin engellenmesi,<\/p>\n
– Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya ahlak\u0131n, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Gizli bilgilerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi veya yarg\u0131 erkinin yetki ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 olarak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kanun yarar\u0131na bozmaya konu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan; s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 istenen ifadenin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmeyecek derecede sayg\u0131de\u011fer olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, aksi halde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011fine dair 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 9. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7eki\u015fmesiz yarg\u0131ya ba\u015fvuru a\u015famas\u0131nda, Sulh Ceza Hakimliklerince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken hususlar; s\u0131rf ba\u015fvuruya konu ifadeden hareketle, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden ifadelerin kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi kabul edilebilirse, bu kez de ihlalde ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n “ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc” gibi bir hukuka uygunluk sebebinin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi (A\u0130HM) de, Axel Springer & Almanya karar\u0131nda, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi durumlarda, s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n
– \u0130fadenin genel kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcden bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
– \u0130fadede s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ki\u015finin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k derecesi ve aktar\u0131lan konu,<\/p>\n
– \u0130fadede ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en ki\u015finin daha \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131,<\/p>\n
– \u0130fadeye konu olan bilgiyi elde etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem,<\/p>\n
– \u0130fadede aktar\u0131lan bilginin do\u011frulu\u011fu, i\u00e7eri\u011fi, bi\u00e7imi ve etkileri,<\/p>\n
– \u0130fadenin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygulanan yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc, miktar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6nlerinden de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kanun yarar\u0131na bozmaya konu somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta; Ba\u015fvuran …, \u00fcnl\u00fc bir i\u015f adam\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 ve sosyetede tan\u0131nan bir modeldir. Ba\u015fvuran vekili, m\u00fcvekkilinin ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olaydan sonra hayati tehlikesi oldu\u011fu ve yeni kendine geldi\u011fini, bas\u0131nda kendisi hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan haberlerde intihar etti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddialar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek dilek\u00e7esinde ekli URL adresleri ve internet sayfa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131nda m\u00fcvekkilinin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edici i\u00e7erikler bulundu\u011fundan bahisle eri\u015fimin engellenmesini talep etmi\u015ftir. Bahse konu internet yay\u0131n i\u00e7eriklerinin incelenmesinde, ulusal \u00e7apta internet gazetecili\u011fi yapan haber sitelerinin ve magazin yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan i\u00e7erik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 18,20,26 Temmuz 2018 tarihli haberlerin hemen hemen hepsinde ayn\u0131 veya benzer \u015fekilde ba\u015fvuran\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en talihsiz olay\u0131n somut olgulara dayan\u0131larak anlat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuran\u0131n dilek\u00e7esine konu yay\u0131nlarda ba\u015fvuran\u0131n ilk bilgilere g\u00f6re intihar etti\u011finin iddia edildi\u011fi, ailesinin avukat\u0131n\u0131n olayla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu\u011fu ve olay\u0131n intihar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u015f\u00fcphelere yer verdi\u011fi, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n hayati tehlikeyle hastanede ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesi verdi\u011fi, alkol\u00fcn veya uyu\u015fturucunun etkisinde olabilece\u011finin s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi bilgilerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurunun, Anayasa Mahkemesinin emsal karar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunularak, internet i\u00e7eriklerinde ilk bak\u0131\u015fta ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edici bir haber olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en internet URL adreslerinin eri\u015fime engellenmesinin halk\u0131n haber alma hakk\u0131n\u0131n dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali anlam\u0131na gelece\u011finden bahisle ba\u015fvurunun reddedildi\u011fi, yap\u0131lan itiraz\u0131n da reddine karar verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvuran vekilinin red karar\u0131 \u00fczerine bu kez unutulma hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde karar\u0131n kanun yarar\u0131na bozulmas\u0131 istemiyle ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 mevzuat, doktrin ve emsal yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvuran hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan haberlerin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edip etmedi\u011fi ile bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kal\u0131p kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede;<\/p>\n
– \u0130fadenin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 internet haber sitelerinin hem magazin g\u00fcndemi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem de adli bir olay hakk\u0131nda toplumu bilgilendirme i\u015flevi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan toplumun ilgisini \u00e7ekebilecek g\u00fcncel bir konu hakk\u0131nda haber yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Haberin verili\u015f bi\u00e7imi ile kullan\u0131lan ifadelerde, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerinin ihlal edilmedi\u011fi, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli bir \u015fekilde hedef al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, somut olgulardan hareketle ba\u015f\u0131na gelen olaylar\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, olay\u0131n elde edilen duyumlara g\u00f6re yorumlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaz\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda ba\u015fvuran\u0131n bir an \u00f6nce sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fmas\u0131 dile\u011finde bulunuldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
– \u0130fadeye konu ki\u015finin magazin bas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcnl\u00fc bir model oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hakl\u0131n habere duydu\u011fu g\u00fcncel bir ilginin var oldu\u011fu, ba\u015fvuran\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k derecesi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tolumun genelini ilgilendiren ve kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00fcden bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
– Ba\u015fvurunun kabul\u00fc ile yay\u0131nlar\u0131n eri\u015fime engellenmesi halinde, bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce haber yapma imkan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131, ancak bu s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n temelinde me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir teddir verilmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, ba\u015fvuran hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan haberlerin bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurunun unutulma hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirilmesine gelince;<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi Genel Kurulunun 03.03.2016 tarihli 2013\/5653 ba\u015fvuru say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kararda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;
\nAnayasa Mahkemesi bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sadece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve fikirleri yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil haber ve fikirlere ula\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Emin Ayd\u0131n, B. No: 2013\/2602, 23\/1\/2014, \u00a7 40; Kamuran Re\u015fit Bekir [GK], B. No: 2013\/3614, 8\/4\/2015, \u00a7 34). Bu ba\u011flamda haber ve fikirlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlara kamunun ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran \u0130nternet’in toplum hayat\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc yads\u0131namaz. \u0130nternet \u00fczerinde ar\u015fiv olu\u015fturma, akt\u00fcalitenin ve haberlerin saklanmas\u0131na ve eri\u015filebilirli\u011fine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hizmet etmektedir. Bu nitelikteki ar\u015fivler \u00f6zellikle do\u011frudan halk\u0131n eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k ve genelde \u00fccretsiz olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle tarih e\u011fitimi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyetleri i\u00e7in kaynak sunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan demokratik bir toplumda bas\u0131n\u0131n ilk i\u015flevi olan “g\u00f6zetleyici” rol\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sonucu da ar\u015fivlerin halk\u0131n eri\u015fimine sunulmas\u0131d\u0131r. (Wegrzynowski ve Smolczewski\/Polonya, B. No: 33846\/07, 16\/7\/2013, \u00a7 59; Times Newspapers Ltd\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k (No. 1 ve 2), B. No: 3002\/03 23676\/03, 10\/3\/2009, \u00a7\u00a7 27, 45). Bu nedenle \u0130nternet’te tutulan ar\u015fivlerin, ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130nternet’te yay\u0131mlanan ve gazetecilik faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda kabul edilen bir haber ar\u015fivinin yay\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n
\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile onu tamamlayan ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Anayasa’da yer alan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlama rejimine tabidir. Anayasa’n\u0131n 28. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda 26. ve 27. madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ilgili genel h\u00fck\u00fcm niteli\u011findeki 26. madde ile sanatsal ve akademik ifadelerle ilgili 27. maddedeki s\u0131n\u0131rlama rejimine tabi tutulmu\u015ftur. Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ise 28. maddenin be\u015finci ve izleyen f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u0131n, Anayasa’n\u0131n 26., 27. ve 28. maddelerinde say\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalardan biri olan “ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zel veya aile hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n” korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in konmu\u015f olan s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalara uymas\u0131 gerekir (Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7 55; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7 62). Bu itibarla “ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zel veya aile hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n” korunmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n etki alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmenin ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin ihlali sonucunu do\u011furabilece\u011fi hat\u0131rda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekse de bas\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde olarak kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren her konuyu iletme g\u00f6revi oldu\u011fu, onun bu t\u00fcr konularda bilgi ve fikir yaymadan ibaret olan g\u00f6revine kamunun bu fikir ve bilgileri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131n eklendi\u011fi hat\u0131rda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r(Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7 51).<\/p>\n
Bu sebeple Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 ile ba\u015fvuruya konu \u0130nternet haber ar\u015fivinin Anayasa’n\u0131n 28. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aras\u0131nda Anayasa Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda ortaya konulan kriterlere uygun \u015fekilde bir denge kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki olaylar\u0131n ar\u015fivlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan haklar aras\u0131ndaki dengelemenin g\u00fcncel olaylara ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan haberlerden daha farkl\u0131 yorumlanmas\u0131 makul kabul edilmelidir. Bu ba\u011flamda, bas\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberlerin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine ili\u015fkin olarak sorumluluk bilinci ile hareket etmesi (Kadir Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7, \u00a7\u00a7 53, 54; \u0130lhan Cihaner (2), \u00a7\u00a7 60, 61) gereklili\u011fi, g\u00fcncel haberlere nazaran do\u011fas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla eskiyen ve yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ivedilik ve zorunluluk arz etmeyen ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ili\u015fkin haberler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha kat\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Ancak yap\u0131lacak dengelemede haber ar\u015fivinin de Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. ve 28. maddeleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nDairemizin, ba\u015fta Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 17\/6\/2015 tarihli ve E.2014\/4-56, K.2015\/1679 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu 05\/06\/2017 tarihli ve 2016\/15510 E. 2017\/5325 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile pek \u00e7ok emsal karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131n; internet ar\u015fivinde ki\u015filerin \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelen, ki\u015filerin \u00f6zel hayat\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel verilerinin kamu yarar\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flamayacak \u015fekilde i\u015flendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclen, g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitiren, her an toplumun eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k halde bulunan ve tarihsel bir veri olarak da kabul edilemeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan yay\u0131nlar hakk\u0131nda; makul, hakl\u0131 ve ispatlanabilir taleplerde bulunulmas\u0131 halinde, ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcne halel getirmemek \u015fart\u0131yla, “ki\u015fisel verilerin korunmas\u0131” ve “unutulma hakk\u0131” kapsam\u0131nda “eri\u015fime engellenmesi” y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kararlar verebilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, bir \u0130nternet yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n unutulma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda \u0130nternet ortam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesi ve\/veya eri\u015fimin engellenmesine karar verilmesi i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n
– yay\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi,<\/p>\n
– yay\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre,<\/p>\n
– g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitirme,<\/p>\n
– tarihsel bir veri olarak kabul edilememe,<\/p>\n
– kamu yarar\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131 (toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan haberin de\u011feri, haberin gelece\u011fe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan niteli\u011fi)<\/p>\n
– habere konu ki\u015finin siyaset\u00e7i veya \u00fcnl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
– haber veya makalenin konusu, bu ba\u011flamda haberin olgusal ger\u00e7ekler ya da de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
– halk\u0131n ilgili veriye y\u00f6nelik ilgisi,<\/p>\n
Gibi hususlar\u0131n her somut olay a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birlikte de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutularak ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde incelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Unutulma hakk\u0131nda dair yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 kriterlerin somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelenmesi sonucunda;<\/p>\n
– Yay\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finde; ba\u015fvuran\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en somut bir olay\u0131n haber mahiyetinde aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
– \u0130nternet yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana gelen bir olay hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurunun ise 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Haberlerin g\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitirmedi\u011fi,<\/p>\n
– Habere konu ki\u015finin, \u00fcnl\u00fc bir ailenin k\u0131z\u0131 ve model olmas\u0131 ve sosyete hayat\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplumun habere olan ilgisinin halen devam etti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
– Habere konu edilen somut olgular\u0131n ba\u015fvuran\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc bir olay sonras\u0131nda elde edilen bilgiler ve yap\u0131lan yorumlarla birlikte sunuldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak eri\u015fime engellenmesi talep edilen internet yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n unutulma hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla,
\nYarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kanun yarar\u0131na bozma istemine dayanan ihbarname i\u00e7eri\u011fi yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen nedenlerle yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden REDD\u0130NE, 17.02.2021 tarihinde oy birli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bYarg\u0131tay 19. Ceza Dairesi’nin 17.02.2021 tarihli, 2020\/6868 E., 2021\/1703 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T.C. Yarg\u0131tay 19. Ceza Dairesi 2020\/6868 E., 2021\/1703 K. “\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni” Divamagazin, finansgundem, internethaber, medyafaresi, medyaradar, sabah, turkiyehaber merkezi isimli internet sitesi adreslerinde yay\u0131nlanan haberlerin i\u00e7eri\u011fine y\u00f6nelik ilgilisi … vekili taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan eri\u015fimin engellenmesi talebinin reddine dair \u0130stanbul 12. Sulh Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011finin 18\/02\/2020 tarihli ve 2020\/1041 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itiraz\u0131n reddine ili\u015fkin \u0130stanbul 1. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011finin 05\/03\/2020 tarihli ve 2020\/1282 de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 aleyhine, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n 27.10.2020 g\u00fcn ve 8507 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun yarar\u0131na bozma istemini i\u00e7eren yaz\u0131s\u0131 ekindeki dava dosyas\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 17.11.2020 g\u00fcn ve KYB. 2020\/100935 say\u0131l\u0131 ihbarnamesi ile dairemize g\u00f6nderilmekle okundu. An\u0131lan ihbarnamede; Dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, yukar\u0131da belirtilen internet sitelerinde yap\u0131lan haber ve payla\u015f\u0131mlar sebebiyle ilgilisi vekili taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015fimin engellenmesi talebinde bulunulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130stanbul 12. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fince eri\u015fimin engellenmesi talep edilen haberlerde ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve yay\u0131n i\u00e7eriklerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama h\u00fcrriyeti kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi ile talebin reddine karar verilmi\u015f ise de, dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, ba\u015fvuru sahibinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir olay sonras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcre yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendisi hakk\u0131nda 2018 y\u0131l\u0131na ait farkl\u0131 tarihlerde bahse konu sitelerde payla\u015f\u0131lan ”intihar etti\u011fine dair” yaz\u0131 i\u00e7eriklerinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren belirli bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mi\u015f olup, an\u0131lan yaz\u0131lara halen …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n